District Survey Report Prakasam District

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DEPARTMENT OF MINES AND GEOLOGY Government of Andhra Pradesh

DISTRICT SURVEY REPORT PRAKASAM DISTRICT

Prepared by

ISO 9001:2015

ANDHRA PRADESH SPACE APPLICATIONS CENTRE (APSAC) Planning Department, Govt. of Andhra Pradesh 2018 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

APSAC wishes to place on record its sincere thanks to Sri B.Sreedhar IAS, Secre- tary to the Government (Mines) and the Director, Department of Mines and Geolo- gy, Govt. of Andhra Pradesh for entrusting the work for preparation of District Sur- vey Reports of Andhra Pradesh. The team gratefully acknowledge the help of the Commissioner, Horticulture Department, Govt of Andhra Pradesh and the Director, Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Planning Department, Govt. of Andhra Pradesh for providing valuable statistical data and literature. The Project team is also thankful to all Joint Directors, Deputy Directors, Assistant Directors and the staff of Mines and Geology Department for their overall support and guidance during the execution of this work. Also sincere thanks are due to the scientific staff of APSAC who has generated all the thematic maps.

VICE CHAIRMAN APSAC

Contents

1. Salient Features of Prakasam District ...... 1

1.1 Administrative Setup ...... 1

1.2 Drainage ...... 2

1.3 Climate and Rainfall...... 3

1.4 Transport and Communications ...... 3

1.5 Population and Literacy ...... 4

1.6 Industrial Economy ...... 5

1.7 Topography ...... 5

1.8 Important Places ...... 6

1.8a Places of Tourist Interest ...... 7

1.8b Places of Religious and Cultural importance ...... 7

1.8c Places of Economic and Commercial importance ...... 8

2. Land Utilization, Forest and Slope of Krishna District ...... 10

2.1 Land Use / Land Cover Classification ...... 10

2.2 Slope Map of the District ...... 24

2.3 Forest Cover Distribution ...... 26

3. Agricultural Resources and Soils in the District ...... 28

3.2 Kharif and Rabi crop acreage Estimation using Optical Remote sensing

data: ...... 29

3.3 Soils: ...... 31

3.4 Salt affected and waterlogged areas: ...... 32 4. Wildlife Protected Area ...... 38

4.1 Marine Protected Area:...... 38

4.2 Wild Life Sancturay ...... 38

5. Coastal and Aquaculture resources ...... 39

5.1 Aquaculture in Prakasam District ...... 40

6. Surface Water and Irrigation Resources of the District ...... 44

6.1 Major and Medium Irrigation Projects in Prakasam District ...... 44

6.2 Major Irrigation Project ...... 44

6.3 Medium Irrigation Project ...... 44

6.4 Tank Information System ...... 46

7. Geology and Mineral Resources of Prakasam District ...... 49

7.1 Geology ...... 49

7.3 Geomorphology of the District ...... 54

7.3.a Landforms of fluvial origin ...... 54

7.3.b. Landforms of coastal origin ...... 56

7.3.c. Landforms of Structural Origin...... 59

7.3.d. Landforms of denudational origin...... 60

7.4 Structural Features of Prakasam District...... 62

7.5 Ground Water Prospects in the District...... 63

8. Ground Water Quality in the Prakasam District ...... 66

9. Details of Major and Minor Mineral Resources ...... 68

10. References...... 137

1. Salient Features of Prakasam District

Prakasam District was constituted on the 2nd of February, 1971 by carving out por- tions of Guntur, SPS Nellore and Kurnool districts. It was renamed as Prakasam district in 1972 in memory of the eminent freedom fighter Sri Tanguturi Prakasam Pantulu who was the Chief Minister of the composite Madras state and the first Chief Minister of Andhra State. Prakasam District is surrounded, on the East by the Bay of Bengal, the west side by Kurnool district, Nellore & Cuddapah Districts are at south side and on the North it is partly covered by Guntur district. The district is located in the tropical region between the 14º 57’ 28” to 16º 18’ 00” at Northern lati- tude and 78º 44’ 00” to 80º 28” 34” at Eastern longitude. Prakasam district covered an area of 17,626 sq. km. The district occupied 6.41 % of the total area of the state. Prakasam district is bigger district compare with the other coastal districts and fourth largest district in Andhra Pradesh in extent. The district has 102 km of coastal line spreading over 10 mandals.

1.1 Administrative Setup

After Independence, the present district became a part of Kurnool, Guntur and Nel- lore, which were in the erstwhile composite Madras State. In 1953, when the An- dhra State was formed, this district continued to be in the same position. Even after the formation of the State of Andhra Pradesh in 1956, there was no change in the position of the district, which continued till 1970. In 1971, the separate district of Prakasam was formed with the amalgamation of certain parts belonging to the districts of Kurnool, Guntur and Nellore. At the time of its formation, the district consisted of 9 taluks, which were divided into 3 revenue divisions. These nine taluks include Ongole, Addanki, Chirala, Markapur, Giddalur, Kandukur, Kanigir, Darsi and Podili. After the introduction of the system of revenue mandals, in 1986, the 9 taluks of the district were reorganized in to 56 mandals (Fig.1).

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Fig.1 Administrative Boundaries of Prakasam District, Andhra Pradesh

1.2 Drainage

Gundlakamma, Musi, Maneru, Paleru, Romperu are the major rivers flowing in the district. The river of Gundlakamma, flows the length of 220 Kms. Maneru river, Paleru river, Romperu river are the life-giving sources of this district for drinking water and irrigation purposes. Cumbum, Veligonda, Gundlakamma, Mopadu and Rallapadu reservoirs are built for irrigation and drinking purposes on the major rivers in the district. There are also other minor rivers like the Tammileru, Sagileru and Gudisaleru and streams like Vaguru vagu, Nallavagu, Vedimangala vagu that flow in limited parts of the district. Drainage pattern over the Prakasam District is shown in Fig. 2.

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Fig.2 Drainage Network and Surface Water bodies of the District

1.3 Climate and Rainfall

In Prakasam district, the sea breeze renders the climate moderate, both in winter and summer especially in the coastal areas of the district. In the non-coastal areas of the district the heat in the summer is severe, especially in the tracts of upland areas. The district receives rainfall from the South-West as well as North-East monsoons. The district received lesser rainfall of 750.9 MM when compared to that of the State which is 925.0 MM. Out of the total average rainfall in a year, 46.93 per cent is received during the Southwest monsoon period (June to September) and 42.22 per cent during the North-East Monsoon period (October to December). The district is frequently affected by drought and cyclones. The maximum and minimum normal temperature recorded in the district is 38.20c and 19.70c, respectively. Generally, the maximum temperature is recorded during the summer months especially in May and June. Every day the weather data received from Automatic

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Weather Stations (AWS) established by A.P. State Developmental Planning Society (APSDPS) and the Fig.3 shows distribution of AWS in the district.

TELANGANA STATE

Fig.3 Distribution of Automatic Weather Stations in Prakasam District, Andhra Pradesh

In Prakasam district, right the way throughout the year the climate is characterised by humidity. Though the summer is repressive, the seasonal rainfall is moderately good. The South-west monsoon that follows the summer season lasts up to the second week of October. The retreating North-east monsoon starts from mid Oc- tober to the end of November. February appreciates for the most part a fine climate. The mean most extreme temperatures are generally high in the sweltering climate time frame i.e. from April to June (35.7ºC to 37.5ºC). The mean most extreme temperature is generally low in the long periods of December (15ºC) and January (12ºC). From July to Novem- ber, the mean greatest temperature for the most part fluctuates from 39.5ºC to

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29.5ºC. In general, low sunshine prevails in the month of October, which coincides with the flowering period of rice crop grown in the district. The low sunshine with cloudy atmosphere usually depletes rice grain yields. Isohyets of distribution in Prakasam District are shown in Fig.4.

TELANGANA STATE

Fig.4 Distribution of Rainfall in Prakasam District, Andhra Pradesh

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Table:1 Mandal Wise Average Annual Rainfall (mm) S No Mandal Name Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec TOTAL 1 MARRIPUDI 5.83 7.76 12.25 27.02 52.73 64.32 75.91 83.25 114.13 177.77 125.41 28.97 775.33 2 BALLIKURUVA 7.48 2.68 4.46 14.71 43.20 57.70 89.84 110.23 116.90 133.71 73.48 12.73 667.13 3 TARLAPADU 4.82 6.10 12.84 18.55 36.15 56.56 80.92 78.98 83.95 145.60 88.35 17.79 630.61 4 KURICHEDU 7.70 5.16 14.56 15.18 31.96 65.09 80.68 124.58 132.60 140.16 72.10 14.04 703.81 5 MARTUR 9.79 5.48 7.64 15.10 43.53 68.75 101.42 138.85 148.01 153.88 84.22 14.01 790.69 6 PEDAARAVEEDU 0.09 3.57 13.20 10.57 16.86 44.61 67.96 78.26 75.47 86.85 54.99 16.29 468.73 7 MARKAPUR 4.26 6.39 12.37 18.35 36.98 62.96 90.97 97.90 128.75 137.42 86.39 20.43 703.17 8 RACHERLA 3.38 5.85 7.79 24.56 32.61 73.97 109.44 108.44 104.58 142.36 70.45 17.08 700.53 9 ADDANKI 6.99 8.89 9.03 10.33 56.78 57.08 89.85 114.40 122.02 153.38 98.14 17.26 744.16 10 ARDHAVEEDU 0.13 3.33 13.68 18.31 40.47 84.14 90.27 104.09 92.34 117.26 57.08 7.67 628.76 11 BESTAVARIPETA 3.20 2.89 12.54 19.90 36.04 81.69 88.98 97.39 114.78 157.19 85.00 19.10 718.69 12 CHADRASEKARAPURAM 5.23 9.35 14.37 33.14 32.16 49.34 74.49 72.62 87.76 173.99 117.62 22.47 692.54 13 CHIMAKURTHI 8.34 7.49 10.03 9.31 57.07 62.74 80.88 108.91 130.14 208.68 130.33 35.82 849.74 14 CHINAGANJAM 12.64 20.45 6.42 12.90 57.32 66.02 81.46 98.79 139.36 205.88 125.45 24.53 851.22 15 CHIRALA 10.53 14.13 7.56 13.87 42.74 83.30 123.45 137.89 164.02 196.17 121.17 26.23 941.06 16 CUMBUM 3.86 3.12 10.93 25.71 37.13 76.36 93.89 87.24 112.04 145.25 75.80 15.44 686.77 17 DARSI 7.37 7.97 13.08 19.12 54.30 58.27 96.31 103.13 114.60 158.83 96.41 20.96 750.33 18 DONAKONDA 4.99 4.75 16.48 25.75 34.09 66.38 78.30 112.05 129.77 145.43 75.02 12.79 705.78 19 DORNALA 3.09 4.03 16.71 22.51 34.51 71.38 65.68 112.99 113.75 142.44 72.94 9.21 669.24 20 GIDDALURU 2.10 3.69 6.09 18.52 32.66 67.23 102.68 108.35 98.98 147.07 77.91 15.09 680.38 21 GUDLURU 14.80 10.08 16.84 3.84 42.81 45.01 71.85 88.52 113.98 260.29 287.06 60.81 1015.89 22 HANUMANTHUNIPADU 1.71 4.46 8.90 25.48 30.70 77.34 88.39 94.05 91.18 127.02 93.83 20.26 663.31 23 INKOLLU 7.35 7.47 6.17 14.18 38.57 73.47 89.45 118.38 132.83 163.36 70.75 16.18 738.15 24 JANAKAVARAMPANGULU 9.60 5.23 8.16 14.08 52.18 58.26 87.81 120.29 123.86 169.48 98.25 17.80 765.02 25 KANDUKUR 16.16 11.19 10.09 8.45 40.84 56.55 82.81 100.28 136.16 276.45 226.35 55.76 1021.08 26 KANIGIRI 6.04 5.53 11.78 17.76 41.56 56.02 82.00 87.06 110.93 190.19 134.34 24.44 767.64 27 KARAMCHEDU 4.79 8.75 8.80 16.34 30.11 75.94 114.86 139.45 168.70 169.55 70.32 16.98 824.58 28 KOMAROLU 2.03 8.09 9.36 19.38 33.31 57.73 94.60 103.04 108.89 161.80 105.39 19.81 723.42

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29 KONAKANAMITLA 6.49 6.14 12.80 20.33 46.58 65.13 65.33 81.30 114.72 170.28 97.90 20.24 707.23 30 KONDAPI 8.60 10.18 9.30 9.66 59.46 51.61 75.94 95.08 138.58 204.40 164.86 41.65 869.33 31 KORISAPADU 6.59 8.05 9.14 13.51 46.00 57.53 84.63 112.37 151.63 164.11 105.66 27.67 786.88 32 KOTHAPATNAM 14.21 8.97 10.79 10.66 56.44 52.57 67.07 103.91 127.50 251.39 217.17 52.85 973.53 33 LINGASAMUDRAM 8.04 6.57 7.80 12.03 25.14 40.71 66.73 106.33 103.04 246.29 223.17 35.68 881.53 34 MADDIPADU 10.38 14.07 9.99 15.27 70.16 75.59 94.04 128.73 156.66 195.16 151.05 31.76 952.88 35 MUNDLAMURU 7.70 7.79 5.46 15.61 54.27 63.32 83.48 116.63 133.59 146.31 94.07 18.96 747.19 36 NAGULUPPALAPADU 10.36 15.51 7.74 15.22 53.20 55.82 88.87 125.02 158.31 204.59 124.55 30.03 889.23 37 ONGOLE 10.35 27.74 13.34 18.05 62.16 63.64 80.93 130.96 117.19 172.39 137.98 21.99 856.74 38 PAMUR 5.73 6.76 13.37 9.61 23.83 37.24 73.78 78.21 94.13 182.14 162.60 18.55 705.94 39 PARCHUR 6.15 6.21 4.26 14.95 40.67 74.22 110.86 145.59 156.40 160.16 77.49 17.36 814.33 40 PEDACHERLOPALLE 4.41 4.98 11.15 7.91 34.82 41.62 69.80 73.71 108.58 201.40 148.08 33.15 739.60 41 PODILI 6.81 6.15 13.59 19.15 53.44 57.49 91.31 89.62 116.07 184.77 115.30 22.64 776.34 42 PONNALURU 6.01 12.49 8.61 11.74 46.68 50.81 70.52 84.01 107.90 190.26 168.55 33.95 791.52 43 PULLALACHERUVU 0.44 6.12 17.11 9.80 30.33 47.89 72.99 93.94 135.13 121.37 52.42 5.94 593.48 44 SANTHAMAGULURU 9.69 3.56 6.67 8.99 39.41 58.32 101.21 130.13 116.25 105.37 57.09 12.04 648.73 45 SANTHANUTHLAPADU 10.24 15.97 13.03 14.34 66.53 57.98 72.84 101.14 138.65 208.50 146.74 39.47 885.42 46 SINGARAYAKONDA 12.80 8.55 13.09 11.24 53.42 51.58 67.91 117.48 126.74 298.28 264.20 61.63 1086.91 47 TANGUTUR 12.40 8.47 13.23 9.58 54.86 49.71 63.15 85.51 116.74 262.73 229.68 56.41 962.47 48 THALLUR 7.81 4.32 9.05 10.78 51.28 61.67 82.51 106.69 146.83 170.86 98.35 21.62 771.77 49 TRIPURANTHAKAM 7.14 4.36 13.14 14.16 32.49 60.03 75.28 86.10 131.94 128.15 69.36 13.93 636.08 50 ULAVAPADU 15.24 4.18 10.99 8.30 40.61 33.60 59.26 83.76 103.84 249.74 224.13 39.78 873.42 51 VELIGANDLA 5.42 5.63 8.77 14.65 42.74 54.99 78.76 83.41 103.95 165.75 145.16 26.32 735.54 52 VOLETIVARIPALEM 3.33 9.53 19.18 8.64 24.26 42.61 62.98 73.85 90.83 166.08 173.08 24.31 698.67 53 VETAPALEM 8.38 21.93 6.20 12.64 54.49 67.57 99.74 126.25 166.32 185.67 123.28 26.69 899.16 54 YEDDANAPUDI 9.05 3.46 6.51 12.94 40.90 73.01 100.25 138.84 145.44 143.95 87.19 17.86 779.38 55 YERRAGONDAPALEM 10.48 9.23 20.91 13.37 39.96 69.74 84.01 90.01 126.48 131.96 68.49 12.94 677.58 56 ZARUGUMILLI 7.32 7.24 15.15 6.07 35.26 48.76 70.38 96.61 95.65 244.75 198.37 26.30 851.85 Total 7.25 8.00 10.94 15.04 42.83 60.41 83.75 103.83 122.13 175.79 121.44 24.85 776.26

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1.4 Transport and Communications

There are 1100 villages (revenue and major hamlets) which are well connected by road network with each other and with the A.P.S.R.T.C. The district map (Fig.5) de- picting the Panchayat roads, District roads, State Highway and National Highway is shown. The sharp change in vehicular traffic during the last four decades indicates the transition of the economy of the district. The number of vehicles on road had increased about 30 times from meagre 1416 in 1970-71 to 85,562 by 2009-10. The stage carriers increased by Three folds, motorcars and jeeps increased by Four folds and Government vehicles Six folds during the period 1970-71 to 1998-99. The tremendous increase in the number of two wheelers during the past three decades does show the improvement in the levels of income of the district. The six-fold increase in the length of the road facilities appears to be adequate to the size of the district.

TELANGANA STATE

Fig.5 Transport Network of Prakasam District, Andhra Pradesh

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1.5 Population and Literacy

Development of any region is influenced by its demographic aspects of the district concerned. Prakasam district is predominantly rural with more than 84 per cent of the population inhabiting the rural areas. The population of the district increased from 27 30.55 lakhs 2001 to 33.97 lakhs in 2011. However, its decade growth of 11.05 per cent is higher than that of the State 9.21 per cent. There are no variations in the rates of growth of rural and urban population of the district during 2001-2011, unlike at the state level. The female population of the district is 16.82 lakhs. The sex ratio of the district is 981 females per 1000 males as against 996 of the state. Main workers are 14,63,508 as per the 2011 census forming 43.08% of the total population in the district. Education is another vital measurement of improvement of an area. As indicated by 1991 Census, the level of proficiency was extremely poor in the Prakasam District (33.93) what's more, especially the lady literates constitute just 22.79 for every penny that obviously shows the backwardness of the area. The literacy rate of the district is 63.08% which is lower than the State literacy rate of 67.41%. Fig.6 shows the Popu- lation of SC, Types of Hostels, residential schools in Prakasam District.

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Fig.6 Mandal-wise Distribution of Schedule Caste Population and Types of Hostels and Residential Schools in Prakasam District, Andhra Pradesh

1.6 Industrial Economy

In the industrial sector too, the district presents very low profile. There is no single major industry in the district. The low agricultural development in the district has given scope for the growth of Industrial Sector. The nature of Industrialization in the district is Agro-based as manufacturing of food products outnumbered all other industries. But, these industries provide very little employment to the labourers. The other important industries, which provide employment, are rice mills, oil mills, saw mills, handlooms, cotton ginning, Slate industries and Food product industries etc.

1.7 Topography

The important hill ranges in the district are the picturesque Nallamalas and the Veligandas. The Nallmalas traverse the erstwhile taluks of Giddalur and Markapur, while the Veligandas are formed in the erstwhile taluks of Giddalur and Kanigiri.

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These Hills separate this district from Kurnool and Cuddapah districts. There are two passes in the Nallmalas namely the Nandi Kanuma and Mambala Kanuma. The Nandikanuma forms the main artery of communication between Kurnool and Bel- lary districts on the East whereas the latter links Atmakur and Kurnool on the west Dornal, Yerragondapalem and Markapuram on the East. Fig. 7 shows the Digital El- evation of the Hills in the district.

Fig. 7 Digital Elevation of the hills in Prakasam District

1.8 Important Places

The district has a fairly long coastline of 102 kms. The Mandals having seacoast are Chirala, Vetapalem, Chinaganjam, Naguluppalapadu, Ongole, Kothapatnam, Tan- gutur, Singarayakonda, Ulavapadu and Gudlur. There are some beaches on the seacoast. Important among them are Vadrevu, Motupalle, Kothapatnam, Voolapa- lem and Ramayapatnam. Motupalle, Vadarevu, Kothapatnam, Ithamukkala were the important ports of the district. (DES, 2016).

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There is a huge potential for Tourism in Prakasam district since it is an area of religious landmarks and supplied with rich verifiable or archaeological legacy. The area has everything that makes it a ribbon worth a visit appropriate from chronicled structures to Buddhist landmarks and shorelines to sanctuaries. Cumbum Lake is located in Cumbum Mandal in Prakasam District which is the largest man-made lake in Asia. Places of Tourist interest in Prakasam District are shown in Fig.8.

1.8a Places of Tourist Interest

Dupadu (Tripuranthakam Mandal): In Dupadu there is a stupa made up of baced bricks. This stupa shows the railing, torana, a pavilion and a horse. It is located at 80 Km from Ongole town. Gundlabrahmeswaram (Giddalur): The River of Gundlakamma was originated in Gundlabrahmeswaram. Sanctuary and Wild Life is famous in the village and all the stones are round in shape. Ambavamm (C.S.Puram): The small hill of Bhyravakonda is a pilgrim area in the village. Jaganadhapuram, Kocherlakota, Potlapadu and Gangadevapalli (Donakonda): A Buddhist site located at chandravaram. For the evidence of Buddhists, the remains are available here. The ancient fort of Gajapathi King is in Kocherlakota. The muttam of Sri Guthikonda Rama Yogi and Sri Brahmamgari Muttam are located at Pot- lapadu and Gangadevapalli. Ramkur (J.Pangulur): Megalithic burial sites dating to the 6th Century BC have been unearthed in and around Ramkur village in J.Pngulur mandal.

1.8b Places of Religious and Cultural importance

Kandukur (Kandukur): Lord Jagannadha Swami temple is a famous one in Kan- dukur village. Malakonda (V.V.Palem): The famous old temple of Malaydri Sri Lakshmi Narasimha Swamy Temple is in the village. The temple opens only on Saturdays in a week.

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Jammulapalem (Tangutur): Shiva Temple with 1116 Shiva Lingas established, Bhiravakona Water Falls and Bhiravakona Rock Cut Cave Temples attract the pil- grims. Tripuranthakam (Tripuranthakam Mandal): An Old famous temple of Lord Siva is located here. Markapur (Markapur Mandal): The Chennakesava Swamy temple at Markapur is a famous pilgrim centre. Swami vari Kalyanam and Radhotsavam are held every year in the month of July. Gundlabrahmeswaram (Giddalur): Sri Rama Yogashramam is a famous ash- ramam located in Giddalur. Chandalur (J.Pangulur): The temples of Lord Siva, Lord Vinayaka, Lord Chennake- sava swamy are located in the village. Goddess Mahalakshmi Devi temple is located in between the temples. Singarakondapalem (Addanki): The famous temple and pilgrim place of Sri Prasannanjaneya Swami temple is here. The special day of Hanumanjayanthi is celebrated with poojas here. Manikeswaram (Addanki): Famous temples of Sri Nrushimha Swami and Man- dukeswara Swamy are located here. Chadalawada (Naguluppalapadu): Sri Raghunayaka (Lord Sri Rama) Temple in Chadalawada is the place where Sri Yerranna Completed the Mahabharat.

1.8c Places of Economic and Commercial importance

Chimakurthy: Mines possess a specific kind of black granite called Galaxy granite that is not found anywhere else in the world. Ongole: Ongole Gitta is internationally famous and is exported to USA, Mexico, Bra- zil and Malaysia. An island in Malaysia is named Ongole Island because of the sheer number of these oxen on the island. Ramayapatnam (Ulavapadu): Ramayapatnam is a beach resort and picnic spot during holidays.

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Vodarevu (Chirala): Vodarevu has holiday resorts for picnic. A Seaport is proposed here. Kothapatnam (Kothapatnam): This village has a picnic spot and holiday resorts.

Fig.8 The distribution of the tourism places in the Prakasam District

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2. Land Utilization, Forest and Slope of Krishna District

The Land Use / Land Cover (LULC) pattern of any region is an outcome of various physical, cultural factors and their utilization by man in time and space. Land use refers to the type of utilization to which man has put the land. It also refers to the evaluation of the land with respect to various natural characteristics. But land cover describes the vegetal attributes of land. Land use/land cover data is essential for planners, decision makers and those concerned with land resources management. For the Proper understanding of the influence of the various human-induced land use practices with regard to the environmental change, it is essential to help simu- late the land use changes. Remote sensing technology is considered the most effective as it provides timely and authentic information about the spatial distribution of land use/land cover, while Geographical Information System (GIS) provides a flexible digital environment for collecting, storing, visualizing and analyzing the spatial data. Remote sensing as a vital tool helps for rapid assessment and monitoring of a natural resource. When combined with GIS, it makes it possible to map land use/cover phenomena in detail for further planning, development, and decision- making, which are essential for meeting the increasing demands and welfare of the ever-growing population.

2.1 Land Use / Land Cover Classification

Various land use/land cover categories have been delineated by using 3 seasons (Kharif, Rabi & Zaid) satellite data under level-3 classification. For on-screen digitiza- tion, visual image interpretation techniques (size, shape, color, tone, texture, association and pattern) have been used for classifying the land use/land cover map (NRSA, 2006). This information is used for general planning purposes at district/mandal level. The broad categories are built-up, agricultural, forest, wastelands, wetlands and water bodies. The spatial distribution of land use/land cover of Prakasam district is shown in Fig. 9 and area statistics presented in Table-1.

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Fig. 9 Land Use / Land Cover Map of Prakasam District During 2015-16

Table-1 Category-wise Distributions of Land use/Land Cover during 2015-16

S.No Land Use Categories Year 2015-16 Area % Sq.Km 1 Compact (Continuous) 39.26 0.22 2 Sparse (Discontinuous) 15.81 0.09 3 Vegetated / Open Area 7.76 0.04 4 Rural 253.11 1.44 5 Industrial 14.03 0.08

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6 Mining - Active 9.96 0.06 7 Mining - Abandoned 0.34 0.00 8 Quarry 27.12 0.15 Built Up 367.39 2.08 9 Kharif Crop 2134.66 12.11 10 Rabi Crop 1276.12 7.24 11 Zaid Crop 11.41 0.06 12 Cropped in 2 seasons 5122.48 29.06 13 Cropped more in 2 seasons 50.99 0.29 14 Fallow 1128.21 6.40 15 Plantation 492.78 2.80 16 Aquaculture 73.96 0.42 Agricultural Land 10290.62 58.38 17 Deciduous (Dry/Moist/Thorn)-Dense 1140.24 6.47 18 Deciduous (Dry/Moist/Thorn)-Open 1785.00 10.13 19 Forest Plantation 41.24 0.23 20 Scrub Forest 971.86 5.51 21 Littoral/Swamp Forest (Mangrove)-Open 1.33 0.01 22 Tree Clad Area-Dense 128.63 0.73 23 Tree Clad Area-Open 144.44 0.82 Forest 4212.72 23.90 24 Salt affected land 242.23 1.37 25 Ravinous land 25.35 0.14 26 Dense scrub 912.82 5.18 27 Open scrub 514.92 2.92 28 Sandy area-Desertic 3.04 0.02 29 Coastal 24.23 0.14 30 Riverine 0.12 0.00 31 Barren Rocky/Stony waste 114.91 0.65 Wastelands 1837.62 10.43 32 Inland Natural (Ox-bow lake, waterlogged etc.) 0.64 0.00 33 Inland Manmade (Water logged, saltpans etc.) 15.30 0.09 34 Coastal - Lagoon, creeks, mud flats etc. 25.21 0.14 35 Coastal - Saltpans 32.42 0.18 Wetland 73.57 0.42

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36 River/Stream-Perennial 74.93 0.43 37 River/Stream-Non Perennial 206.26 1.17 38 Canal/Drain 62.32 0.35 39 Lakes/Ponds-Permanent 0.04 0.00 40 Lakes/Ponds-Seasonal 0.85 0.00 41 Reservoir/Tanks-Permanent 54.66 0.31 42 Reservoir/Tanks-Seasonal 445.40 2.53 Waterbodies 844.45 4.79 Grand Total 17626.37 100.00

Built-Up

This is the area of human habitation that has a cover of buildings, transport and communication, utilities in association with water, vegetation and vacant lands. It consists of built-up (Compact & Sparse), Vegetated / Open Area, Rural, Industrial and Mining/Quarry. It occupies an area of 367.39 Sq. Km, which is about 2% of the total geographical area of the district. Of which, rural area contributes 367.39% which is more than 50% of the built-up category.

Built up - Compact (Continuous)

Most of the land is covered by buildings, roads, and artificially surfaced area and cover almost all the ground. The built-up - compact class is assigned when the urban structures and transport network (i.e. impermeable surfaces) occupies more than 80 % of the surface area. This category occupied 39.26 Sq. Km, which are found in urban areas.

Built up - Sparse (Discontinuous)

Most of the land is covered by the structures like buildings, roads and artificially surfaced areas associated with vegetated areas and bare soil, which occupy discontinuous but significant surfaces. Between 30 and 80 % of the total surface should be impermeable. Scattered blocks of residential flats, hamlets and small villages are

Page 13 of 134 delineated under this category. It contributes an area of 15.81 Sq. Km, which are found in peri-urban areas.

Vegetated / Open Area

These are vegetated areas within urban agglomeration (situated within or in contact with urban areas). Vegetation cover of trees, shrubs, and herbs covers at least 5% of the total surface area, it has been delineated. Parks, sport and leisure facilities, camping grounds, sports grounds, leisure parks, golf courses, race courses including formal parks, etc are considered in this category. This category occupies an area of 7.76 Sq. Km,

Built-Up – Rural

These are the lands used for the human settlement of size comparatively less than the urban settlements of which more than 80% of the people are involved in the primary activity of agriculture and associated with non-commercial and with allied classes are identified as built up (rural) category. The rural area contributed about 253.11 Sq. Km,.

Industrial

Non-linear impervious surfaces are included in this class which is related to trade, manufacturing, distribution and commerce. These are areas where the human activity is observed in the form of manufacturing along with other supporting estab- lishments for maintenance. The industrial area occupies 14.03 sq. km, which is observed in and around towns.

Mining – Active

Mining areas encompass area under surface operations. The recognizable impacts of these activities on the landscape are unmistakable giant pit mines covering vast areas. The active mining areas are presently large-scale surface operations of re-

Page 14 of 134 moval of economically important ores and presently going on. The active mining area contributes an area of 9.96 sq. km.

Mining – Abandoned

These are the areas where large-scale surface operations of removal of economically important ores are carried out in the past, but presently kept abandoned due to various reasons like economic, operational, viability, disturbances etc. Only 0.34 Sq. Km has been contributed under this category.

Quarry

These are manifestations of surface mining operations wherein small-scale excava- tion of land surface for sand, gravel, clay-phosphate mines, limestone quarries etc. are taking place. They are mostly characterized by their nearness to urban areas. It contributes an area about 27.12 Sq. Km.

Agricultural Land

The land use category primarily used for the production of food, fiber, and other commercial and horticultural crops. It includes land under crops namely cropland, fallow land, agricultural plantation and aquaculture. The agricultural category is found as the major category covering 10290.62 Sq. Km(58.38%) during 2015-16. Kharif Crop

Agricultural area cultivated between June/July to September/ October coinciding with SW monsoon season is considered Kharif crop. It is associated with rain-fed crops under dryland farming with limited or no irrigation and areas of rain-fed paddy and other dry crops. Kharif is found to be the second major agricultural category with an extension of 2134.66 Sq. Km(12.11%).

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Rabi Crop

These areas are cultivated between November/December to February/March. It is associated with areas under assured irrigation irrespective of the source of irrigation. However, rabi cropped areas also occur in rain-fed regions, under residual soil moisture conditions especially in black soil areas with high rainfall during Kharif season. The extent of rabi cropped area is about 1276.12 Sq. Km (7.24%).

Zaid Crop

These are the areas that are cropped during summer (April and May) which are mostly associated with irrigated areas with fertile soils, confined to plains/delta areas. The areas are found in 11.41 Sq. Kmduring 2015-16.

Cropped in two seasons

These are the areas that are cropped during two cropping seasons that are often seen associated with irrigated areas. Three combinations are possible in this category viz., - Kharif & Rabi, Kharif & Zaid and Rabi & Zaid. It is found that this is the major agricultural category with an extent of 5122.48 Sq. Km(29.06%).

Cropped in more than two seasons

These are the areas which are cropped in more than two cropping seasons. It includes triple cropped areas (Kharif, Rabi and Zaid), areas under multiple cropping. Long duration crops like sugarcane, cotton, banana, pineapple etc., are considered under this category. It contributes an area of 50.99 sq. km.

Fallow land

The agricultural land which is being used for cultivation but is temporarily allowed to rest or un-cropped for one or more seasons, but not less than a year and for not more than five years is referred to as fallow land. The fallow land occupies an area of 1128.21 sq. km.

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Agricultural Plantation

These are the areas under agricultural tree crops planted adopting agricultural management techniques. These also include the areas of land use systems and practices wherein cultivation of herbs, shrubs, and vegetable crops are deliberately integrated with agricultural crops mostly in irrigated conditions for ecological and economic reasons. These areas are separable from cropland, especially with the data acquired during rabi/zaid season. Plantations appear in dark-red to red tone of different sizes with regular and sharp edges indicating the presence of a fence around it. It is found that 2.80% of the land is under plantation crops during 2015-16.

Aquaculture

These are the areas where fish and shrimps are bred and reared for commercial purposes. Aquaculture ponds are located mostly along the coast or in lakes, river and estuaries. This category is mostly found along the coast with an area of 73.96 sq. km.

Forest

The term forest is used to refer to land with a tree canopy cover of more than 10 percent and area of more than 0.5 Ha. Forest is determined both by the presence of trees and the absence of other predominant land uses within the notified forest boundaries. The trees should be able to reach a minimum height of 5 m within the notified forest boundaries. The forest cover occupied about 4212.72 Sq. Km(23.90%).

Deciduous (Dry/Moist/Thorn)-Dense

This category is predominantly composed of species, which shed their leaves once a year, especially during summer. These are mostly broad-leaved tropical forests with a tendency to shed their leaves annually. This category includes all the areas where the canopy cover/density is more than 40 % and contributed 1140.24 sq. km.

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Deciduous (Dry/Moist/Thorn)-Open

This category is predominantly composed of species, which shed their leaves once a year, especially during summer. These are mostly broad-leaved tropical forests with a tendency to shed their leaves annually. This category includes all the forest areas where the canopy cover/density ranges between 10 and 40 percent. An area of 1785 Sq. Kmis attributed to this category.

Forest Plantation

These are the areas of tree species of forestry importance, raised and managed especially in notified forest areas. Most of these are located in uplands, coastal areas within notified areas. Many of these can be identified based on the sharp boundary exhibited by them. The distribution of forest plantation is 41.24 sq. km.

Scrub Forest

These are the forest areas which are generally seen at the fringes of dense forest cover and settlements, where there is biotic and abiotic interference. Most times, they are located closer to habitations. Forest blanks which are the openings amidst forest areas, devoid of tree cover, observed as openings of assorted size and shapes as manifested on the imagery are also included in this category. It is attributed an area of 971.86 Sq. Km(5.51%).

Swamp Forest (Mangrove)-Open

These are the areas with the plants evergreen in nature, halophytic, dense or woody in nature, occurring along tidal waters/creeks, estuaries and along the delta in coastal areas. They are densely colonized in coastal on tidal flats, estuaries salt marshes etc. This category includes all the forest areas where the canopy cover/density ranges between 10 and 40 percent. It is found that 1.33 Sq. Km area is under this category.

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Tree Clad Area-Dense

Areas with tree cover lying outside the notified forest area with a woody perennial plant with a single, well-defined stem carrying a more-or-less-defined crown and being at least 3 m tall. Plants essentially herbaceous but with a woody appearance (e.g. bamboos and ferns) are also classified as trees if the height is more than 5 m and as shrubs, if the height is less than 5 m. This category includes all the areas where the canopy cover/density is more than 40%. It occupied an area of 128.63 sq. km.

Tree Clad Area-Open

Areas with tree cover lying outside the notified forest area with a woody perennial plant with a single, well-defined stem carrying a more-or-less-defined crown and being at least 3 m tall. Plants essentially herbaceous but with a woody appearance (e.g. bamboos and ferns) are also classified as trees if the height is more than 5 m and as shrubs, if the height is less than 5 m. This category includes all the forest areas where the canopy cover/density ranges between 10 and 40 per cent. It is attributed to an area of 144.44 sq. km.

Wastelands

Wasteland is described as degraded land which can be brought under vegetative cover with reasonable effort and which is currently underutilized and land which is deteriorating for lack of appropriate water and soil management or on account of natural causes. Wastelands can result from inherent/imposed disabilities such as by location, environment, chemical and physical properties of the soil or financial or management constraints. The area under this category is 1837.62 Sq. Km(10.43%).

Salt-affected land

These lands are containing an excessive concentration of salts (soluble salts or exchangeable saline or both). Salinization can result from improper management of

Page 19 of 134 canal irrigation water resulting in the rise of the water table and consequent accumulation of salts in the root zone in arid, semi-arid and sub-humid (dry) conditions and ingress of sea water in coastal regions and/or use of high-salt containing ground water. They also become saline when soils have developed on salt containing parent materials or have saline ground water. Coastal saline soils may be with or without ingress or inundation by sea water. These lands are accounted for 242.23 Sq. Km only.

Dense scrub

The scrub is usually confined to topographically elevated areas, on the hill slopes generally surrounded by agricultural lands. These areas possess shallow and skele- tal soils, at times chemically degraded, extremes of slopes, severely eroded and lands subjected to excessive aridity with scrubs dominating the landscape. It is found with varying sizes of small to large areas having a contiguous or dispersed pattern. The dense scrub is mostly identified on the hills and occupied an area of 912.82 sq. km.

Open scrub

This category has a similar description as mentioned in the dense scrub excepting that they possess sparse vegetation or devoid of scrub and have a thin soil cover. The open scrub is found at foothills surrounded by agricultural lands with an account of 514.92 sq. km.

Desertic Sand

Desertic sands are those confined to arid environment where the rainfall is scanty. These lands are characterized by accumulation of sand developed insitu or transported by Aeolian processes. The desertic sand area distributed in the district is 3.04 sq.km.

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Coastal Sand

Coastal sands are the sands that are accumulated as a strip along the sea-coast. Very high reflectance exhibited by this category especially in the NIR region of the spectrum enable their separation with the salt-affected land. It is found along the coast and occupied an area of 24.23 Sq. Km(0.14%).

Riverine sand

Riverine sands are those that are seen as accumulations in the flood plain as sheets which are the resultant phenomena of river flooding. The sandy areas occurring within or in continuity to river course are to be excluded from this category. These are found along the Krishna River and attributed only 0.12 sq. km.

Barren Rocky/Stony waste

The barren rock exposures are especially confined to hilly terrain with down slope with rock outcrops, stony waste and fragments. The area under this category is 114.91 sq. km.

Wetlands

All submerged or water-saturated lands, natural or man-made, inland or coastal, permanent or temporary, static or dynamic which necessarily have a land-water in- terface, are defined as wetlands. The wetlands category is found 73.57 Sq. Kmwith four sub categories.

Wetland - Inland - Natural

These are the areas that include ox-bow lakes, cut-off meanders, playas, swamp, marsh, peat bogs etc (with vegetation). This category contributed 0.64 Sq. Kmof the district total.

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Wetland - Inland- Manmade

Waterlogged areas (seasonal and perennial) created due to the negative effect of human management practices and are present with vegetation. This is attributed to an area of 15.30 sq, km.

Wetland – Coastal

These include estuaries, lagoons, creek, backwater, bay tidal flat/mud flat, mangrove, salt marsh/marsh with vegetation and other hydrophytic vegetation. It contributed an area of 25.21 sq. km.

Coastal - Saltpans

Saltpans are flat expanses of areas covered with salt usually white under the Sum. Saltpans are manmade saline ecosystem from which crude salt is extracted during summer. These are un-drained, usually small and shallow, natural depression or hollow in which brackish water accumulates and evaporates leaving behind salt deposits. This category is found nearer to Machilipatnam area and attributed 32.42 sq, km.

Water Bodies

This category comprises areas with surface water, either impounded in the form of ponds, lakes and reservoirs or flowing as streams, rivers, canals etc. These are seen clearly on the satellite image in blue to dark blue or cyan colour depending on the depth of water. Waterbody category occupies an area about 844 Sq. Km with 4.79% of the district.

River/Stream-Perennial

Rivers/streams are the natural course of water flowing on the land surface along a definite channel/slope regularly or intermittently towards a sea in most cases or a lake or an inland basin in desert areas or a marsh or another river. These are the

Page 22 of 134 rivers/streams that flow continuously throughout the year as considered perennial. It contributes an area of 74.93 sq. km.

River/Stream-Non Perennial

When the water covers the surface for less than nine months in each year, it is considered non perennial. This also includes the dry part of river generally characterized by the presence of sand or exposed rocks. It is found that most of the streams under non perennial category and contributes an area of 202.26 sq. km.

Canal/Drain

Canals and drains are artificial watercourse constructed for irrigation, navigation or to drain out excess water from agricultural lands. It is found mostly in coastal plains with an area of 62.32 sq. km.

Reservoir/Tanks-Permanent

The reservoir is an artificial lake created by the construction of a dam across the river specifically for hydel power generation, irrigation and water supply for domestic/ industrial needs, flood control, either singly or in combination. Tanks are small lakes of impounded waterways constructed on land surface for irrigation. They are associated with croplands, low lands and reservoirs surrounded by hills without vegetation. This includes all reservoirs/tanks with water spread seen at least during one season in a year is considered under the permanent category. This category occupies an area of 54.66 sq. km.

Reservoir/Tanks-Seasonal

Dry reservoirs/tanks are those, which do not have water spread throughout the year are considered seasonal. It is found that many of the tanks are under seasonal category with an area of 445.40 sq. km.

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2.2 Slope Map of the District

The concept of measuring slope from a topographic map is a familiar one for most professionals in the natural resources and landscape planning / management and surveying professions. Slope is a measurement of how steep the ground surface is. Steeper the ground surface is, greater the slope. Slope is measured by calculating the tangent of the surface. The tangent is calculated by dividing the vertical change in elevation by the horizontal distance. Slope is normally expressed in planning as a percent slope which is the tangent (slope) multiplied by 100. Percent Slope = Height / Base * 100

Reliable estimation of the stability of slopes and foundations is very demanding because it is important for terrain analysis to understand the natural process in the disciplines of topography, geology, soils, hydro-geology, infrastructure planning, hazard management both at surface and subsurface. In view of this, slope will play an important role while doing decentralized planning at grassroots level. Traditional- ly contour information from 1:50,000 or 1:25,000 topographic maps are used for preparation of slope by manual procedures based contour value difference for unit horizontal distance. The emergence of remote sensing & GIS systems and the availability of topographic data in DEM or TIN formats, slope maps can be generated using image processing and GIS methods. Representation of slope in percentage is understandable rationale for the resource mapping and planning. Slope information is one of the GIS layers that play an important role in natural resources and district planning process. It is proposed to generate the necessary slope layer from the available digital topographic data such as Carto DEM and open source Digital Elevation Model data (NRSC, 2009). From Fig. 10 it is observed that majority of the District is covered with level to nearly level slope.

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Fig. 10 General Slope of Prakasam District, Andhra Pradesh

Slope data generated from DEM using GIS techniques produces triangular nature slope polygon. To generate meaningful slope layer, it is suggested to aggregate slope polygons by using manual procedures. However, the slope generated from GIS analysis can be used directly for any decision-making planning purpose. The accuracy of the slope is dependent on accuracy of the DEM used for slope generation. The DEM should be a bare earth and should not have spikes or dips which are common in automatic DEM generation. Therefore, to use Carto DEM, conversion to bare earth DEM has to be carried out before slope layer generation.

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2.3 Forest Cover Distribution

The forest cover in the district based on the interpretation of IRS R2 LISS III data (2015-16) is 4212.72 Sq. Km which is 23.90% of the total geographical area (TGA) of the district. As per the land use manual (NRSC 2016), the forests of the district can be classified into 7 forest classes and class-wise areas are presented in Table-2. The spatial distribution of forest cover in the district is shown in Fig. 11.

Fig.11 Forest covers map of Prakasam District during 2015-16

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Table-2 Forest Cover Distribution of Prakasam District

S. No Forest Category Area in Sq. % TGA Km. 1 Deciduous (Dry/Moist/Thorn)-Dense 1140.24 6.47 2 Deciduous (Dry/Moist/Thorn)-Open 1785.00 10.13 3 Forest Plantation 41.24 0.23 4 Scrub Forest 971.86 5.51 5 Swamp Forest (Mangrove)-Open 1.33 0.01 6 Tree Clad Area-Dense 128.63 0.73 7 Tree Clad Area-Open 144.44 0.82 Total Forest 4212.72 23.90

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3. Agricultural Resources and Soils in the District

Remote sensing technology has been successfully used by APSAC during the last two decades in the areas of agriculture both in spatial and temporal domain under various projects. APSAC carried out in-season forecasting of acreage for major crops i.e. Kharif rice, Rabi rice, cotton, groundnut etc, at state/ district level for the last two decades in Andhra Pradesh to enable the administrators and planners to take strategic decisions on import-export policy matters and trade negotiations. Rice and Cotton are the most dominant crops in Andhra Pradesh both Kharif and Rabi seasons. In this connection, Department of Agriculture and Directorate of Econom- ics & Statistics are generating data on conventional methods for estimation of crop area and production. In this regard, satellite remote sensing plays a pivotal role with limited field visits for timely estimation and monitoring the crops

3.1 Kharif Rice Estimation using SAR data:

Andhra Pradesh Space Applications Centre (APSAC) has carried out Kharif rice crop acreage estimation over Krishna district using Microwave Remote Sensing (Senti- nel-1A) data under FASAL project. Sentinel-1A Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) VV polarization data (Spatial Resolution 20m) is used for the analysis. The rice acreage using sentinel-1 microwave remote sensing data for Prakasam district was estimated as 8,154 Ha. Fig.12 shows the multi temporal satellite data and different levels of crop and its Ground truth data

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a b c

Fig 12 (a) Ground truth data overlaid on multi-temporal RGB image, (b) Rice cropped area and (c) Transplantation date-wise rice cropped area over Prakasam District

3.2 Kharif and Rabi crop acreage Estimation using Optical Remote sensing data:

Remote sensing technology has been successfully used by APSAC during the last two decades in the areas of agriculture both in spatial and temporal domain under various projects. APSAC carried out in-season forecasting of acreage for major crops i.e. Kharif rice, Rabi rice, cotton, groundnut etc, at state/ district level for the last two decades in Andhra Pradesh to enable the administrators and planners to take strategic decisions on import-export policy matters and trade negotiations. Rice is the most dominant crop in Andhra Pradesh in both Kharif (July- October /November) Rabi (November- April) seasons which grows in irrigated and rain-fed areas and other major crops are Groundnut, Cotton, Maize, Pulses, Sugarcane, Jowar, Chillies, etc. In connection, Department of Agriculture and Directorate of Economics and Statistics are generating data on conventional methods for estimation of crop area and production. In this regard, satellite remote sensing plays a

Page 29 of 134 pivotal role with limited field visits for timely estimation and monitoring the crops. Kharif and Rabi seasons’ crop details are shown in Fig. 13&14.

Fig 13. Kharif Cotton acreage estimation for Kharif 2016-17

SNo. District Kharif Cotton acreage (Ha.) using optical RS data

1 Prakasam 41594

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Fig 14. Bengal gram crop acreage estimation Rabi 2016-17

SNo. District Bengalgram crop acreage (Ha.) using optical RS data

1 Prakasam 52652

3.3 Soils:

Red loamy soils 51%, black cotton soils 41% and sandy loams 6% are the predominant soils over the total area of the District. In Ongole division, 16 mandals have widely prevalent black cotton soils. Parts of Knadukur and Markapur divisions largely covered red loams soils. Sandy loams soils in the mandals of Chirala, Vet-

Page 31 of 134 apalem, Chinaganjam and Ulavapadu where cashew plantation and casurine pre- eminently exist. Fig. 15 shows the pattern of Soils in the District.

Fig. 15 Soil pattern in Prakasam District

3.4 Salt affected and waterlogged areas:

Salt affected areas are one of the most important degraded areas where soil productivity is reduced due to either salinization ( EC > 4 dS/m) or sodicity (ESP > 15) or both. The soils with EC more than 2 dS/m in black soils and >4 dS/m in non- black soils was considered saline in the present project. Soils with soil pH more than 8.5 results in increase of exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP) in soils (> 15) and are termed as sodic. Based on the type of problem, it has been divided into saline, sodic and saline-sodic. Under NR Census project, three types of salt affected soils viz., saline, sodic and saline-sodic are mapped using three seasons’ satellite data, field work and analysis of soil samples under three severity classes namely

Page 32 of 134 slight, moderate and strong. Fig. 16 shows the pattern of soil and water logged areas in Prakasam District.

Fig. 16 Salt affted soil and water logged areas in Prakasam District

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3.5 Horticulture: The wide and varied nature of horticulture sector covering fruits, vegetables, root and tuber crops, flowers, aromatic and medicinal crops, spices and plantation crops facilitates better returns per unit of area besides opportunities for diversification in agriculture.

It is estimated that the area under the fruit crops during 2017-18 is 23432 Ha., production of fruits is about 548440 MT and the productivity is 23.4 MT/Ha. The details of the fresh fruits and the production are given in Table-3. There are 12 fruit crops grown in the district. Under the fruits, Orange and Batavia have the high production of 7920 Mt and 205920 Ha. and Mango fruits followed with 7633 Ha. and 106867 MT. Lemon, Sapota and papaya fruits are the next major crops in the district.

Table:3 Aerial Extent (Ha) of Fresh Fruits with Production (MT) in

Prakasam District(2017-18) Statistics Sl.No Name of the Fresh Fruit Area Production 1 Amla 100 2000 2 Banana 401 22055 3 Ber 36 666 4 Lemon (Lime & Other Citrus Fruits) 3103 49648 5 Orange & Batavia 7920 205920 6 Custered Apple 226 2108 7 Grapes 0 0 8 Guava 376 14288 9 Jack Fruit 0 0 10 Mango 7633 106867 11 Papaya 1100 108350 12 Pineapple 0 0 13 Pomegranate 250 4000 14 Sapota 2210 30184 15 Muskmelon 0 0 16 Watermelon 62 1864.96 17 Other Fruits 15 390 18 Total Fresh Fruits 23432 548340.89

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Vegetables are an important crop in horticulture sector with 17 types in Prakasam district with an area of 11625 Ha. and with a total production of 286969 MT with an average productivity of 24.6 tonnes per Ha. The Green chillies are the vegetables with largest area and highest produce in the district followed by Beans and Cu- cumber (Table-4).

Table4: Aerial Extent (Ha) of Vegetables with Production (MT) in Prakasam District(2017-18)

Statistics Sl.No Name of The Vegetables Area Production

1 Beans 1400 21980

2 Bitter Guard 404 7272

3 Bottle Gourd 165 3465 4 Brinjal 560 16632

5 Cabbage & Knol-Khol 216 4104

6 Capsicum 72 2383

7 Carrot 18 360

8 Cauliflower 106 1590

9 Cucumber 1055 26375

10 Chillies Green 1539 43092

11 Garlic 0 0 12 Elephant Foot Yam 0 0

13 Bhendi 836 14212 14 Onion 710 17750

15 Parwal / Ponted Gourd 0 0 16 Peas 470 5640 17 Potato 0 0 18 Radish 0 0 19 Pumpkin 61 1281 20 Sweet Potato 58 1218 21 Tapioca 0 0 22 Tomato 1176 52920 23 Other Vegetables 2779 66696 Total Vegetables 11625 286969.6

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Cashew plantation is the major crop in the district along the coast. The Cashew plantation occupied an area of 957 Ha. and 1043 tonne/Ha . Another major crop is in the district is Coconut with an area of 40 Ha (Table-5).

Table:5 Aerial Extent (Ha) of Plantation with Produc- tion (MT) in Prakasam District(2017-18) Statistics Sl.No Name of the Fresh Fruit Area Production 1 Arecanut 0 0

2 Cashew 957 1043

3 Cocoa 0 0

4 Coconut 40 5

5 Oilpalm 0 0

6 Coffee 0 0

Total Plantations 997 1043.13

In Prakasam District, Chilles (for Dry Chilles) are grown in Nagarjuna Sagar right canal upper comman area. This spice chilli crop grown in 2017-18 in an area of 54580 Ha and the production is 332232 MT. After the chillies, Turmeric is the major crop with an area of 599 Ha. and the production is 6589 MT (Table-6).

Table:6 Aerial Extent (Ha) of Spices with Production (MT) in Prakasam District(2017-18) Statistics Sl.No Name of the Fresh Fruit Area Production

1 Ajwan 0 0

2 Betelvine 130 2216760

3 Pepper 0 0

4 Chillies (Dried) 54580 332232.1

5 Coriander 288 576

6 Ginger 50 450

7 Tamarind 0 0

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8 Turmeric 599 6589

9 Others Spices 42 294

Total (Spices) 55689 340141.1

It is noticed that the advancement in production of flowers, particularly cut flowers have a high potential for exports. Floriculture during 2017-18 covered an area of 508 Ha. and the production is 3549 MT. Jasmine, Marigold and Crossandra are the major flowers and its area of 265, 135 and 65 Ha and production is 1670, 1485, 215 MT, respectively in Prakasam District (Table-7).

Table: 7 Aerial Extent (Ha) of Flowerswith Production (MT) in Prakasam District(2017-18) Statistics Sl.No Name of the Fresh Fruit Area Production

1 Chrysanthemum 0 0

2 Jasmine 265 1670

3 Marigold 135 1485

4 Rose (Lakhs. Of Flowers) 28 168

5 Tuberose 15 180

6 Crossandra 65 215

7 Other Flowers 0 0

Total Flowers 508 3549

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4. Wildlife Protected Area

Eco-sensitive Zones or Ecologically Fragile Areas are areas notified by the Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change, Government of India around Protect- ed areas, National parks and Wildlife sanctuaries. The Nagarjunasagar, Rollapadu and Gundlabramhmeshwaram Sancturaries are in this district. These protected areas are habitat to several endangered and endemic species of flora and fauna. Ti- gers are some examples of the critical natural wealth of the state.

4.1 Marine Protected Area:

Under Marine Protected Area, it is essentially a space in the ocean where human activities are more strictly regulated than the surrounding waters, similar to parks we have on land. This place require a special protection for natural or historic marine resources upto the national level authorities. In East side of Prakasam district the coast line is along the district boundary. Pennar in the district 23.5 Sq.Km area is conservation Reserved.

4.2 Wild Life Sancturay

Krishna Wild Life Sancturay with an area of 194.81 Sq.Km. portion has been covered in Prakasam district. Nagarjunasagar Tiger Reserve (Nagarjunasagar- Srisailam - Part) portion covered in Gundla Brahmeswaram Protected Areas with an area of 1193 Sq.Km. The Forest types in the areas are Dry deciduous, mixed forest, and Open grassland with thorny bushes.

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5. Coastal and Aquaculture resources

Prakasam district in spite of being a coastal district does not enjoy wide spread rainfall. Its normal annual rainfall is around 542.4 mm. The district receives maximum showers during Northeast monsoon that too through cyclonic depressions. The rainfall data indicates that these rains have failed over successive years since 2001. Because of this, even the ground water resources could not be replenished to the maximum and hence there has been continuous fall in ground water levels. About 75% of the rock type is not good aquifers and hence the wells in these formations cannot sustain prolonged pumping and yield merger amount barring few excep- tional cases. The shoreline change estimation was carried out for the entire Prakasam coast which is about 101.79 Km in length. In this study, shorelines were extracted from satellite images for 1989, 1999, 2005, 2010 and 2012 by visual interpretation

As a result of the analyses, the most significant changes were observed at prakasam Coast. Summary statistics for the rate of change is given in Table-8. The analysis discovered that about 55% of the coastlines were under stable or accretion, whereas remaining 15% region was experiencing varying erosion and 28% of the coast has stable form. While the Southern side of Manneru River is noticed with high accretion and north side of Gundlakamma river mouth area has the most erosion area found. Fig. 17 Shows the Coastal resource map of Prakasam district.

Table 8 Shoreline Characteristics and statics for Prakasam Coast

Percentage Cumulative Classification of Coast Extent (Km) of Coast (%) (%) High Erosion 4.14 4.07 Medium Erosion 3.39 3.33 15.55 Low Erosion 8.3 8.15 High Accretion 2.25 2.21 Medium Accretion 19.35 19.01 55.74 Low Accretion 35.14 34.52 Stable Coast 29.22 28.71 28.71 Length of coastline 101.79

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5.1 Aquaculture in Prakasam District

Prakasam is one of the coastal districts in Andhra Pradesh which has Aquaculture area distributed along the Buckingham canal, Creeks and River bank areas. Among all the mandals in this district, Chinaganjam has the highest aquaculture area i.e. 1037 ha, potential area is 559 ha and saltpan area is 920 Ha. But dry/abandoned area is the highest in Ongole mandal i.e. 1476 Ha. Pamur does not have aquaculture area but has dry/abandoned area i.e. 1 ha and area of saltpans is nil, aquaculture area distributed.

Using high resolution satellite data coupled with ground survey of existing aquaculture sites, potential areas for aquaculture development and abandoned aquaculture regions are mapped in all coastal Districts of Andhra Pradesh and mandal-wise/ village-wise area statistics are calculated. Aquaculture Distribution in Prakasam Dis- trict is shown in Fig. 18. Mandal - wise Aquaculture distribution is given in Table-9.

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Table 9 Mandal - wise Aquaculture distribution in Prakasam district

Aquaculture-Prakasam District-Mandal - wise (Area in Ha.) SNo Mandal Name Aquacul- Dry/Abandon Salt- Total ture ed/Potential pans 1 Addanki 85 345 0 430 2 Ballikurava 48 13 0 61 3 Chimakurthi 7 11 0 17 4 Chinaganjam 1037 1740 921 3697 5 Chirala 43 128 0 170 6 Darsi 34 15 0 49 7 Gudluru 26 234 0 259 8 Kotha Patnam 520 1864 260 2643 9 Kurichedu 7 23 0 10 10 Mundlamuru 126 128 0 254 11 Naguluppalapadu 117 648 149 913 12 Ongole 273 1655 258 2184 13 Pamur 0 3 0 3 14 Santhamaguluru 50 45 0 95 15 Singarayakonda 42 208 344 595 16 Tangutur 653 976 15 1644 17 Ulavapadu 101 689 0 790 18 Vetapalem 250 436 0 686 19 Zarugumilli 1 0 0 1 Total 3,415 9,144 1,945 14,503

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Fig. 17 Coastal resource map of Prakasam district, Andhra Pradesh

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Fig. 18 Area of Aquaculture Distribution in Prakasam District

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6. Surface Water and Irrigation Resources of the District

6.1 Major and Medium Irrigation Projects in Prakasam District

Irrigation has assumed an increasing significance in agriculture in the context of new technology, where high yielding varieties with multiple cropping is being prac- ticed. The main reasons for low yields are inadequate rainfall, uneven and uncertain rains during the period of crop growth. It is generally found that the introduction of irrigation is associated with changes in the cropping pattern. The shift from traditional cropping pattern to the most advantageous cropping pattern is possible only in the presence of irrigation facilities. The new agricultural technology is highly based on sufficient moisture conditions. Thus, the development of irrigation is cru- cial for increasing agricultural production. The irrigation projects are classified as major, medium and minor irrigation projects.

6.2 Major Irrigation Project

The major irrigation projects covering Prakasam district are Nagarjuna Sagar Ja- wahar Canal and Krishna Western Delta. In Nagarjuna Sagar Jawahar Canal an extant of 4,43,872 acres and in Krishna Western Delta an extant of 72,120 acres are covered and they fall under ten assembly constituencies . The mandals covered are Addanki, Darsi, Kondapi, Ongole, Parchur, Santhanuthala Padu, Yerragondapalem and Chirala. The overall coverage under major irrigation project is 5,15,992 acres. The major ongoing irrigation projects are Poola Venkata Subbiah Veligonda Project and Kandula Obulareddy Gundlakamma Reservoir Project. Under this ongoing projects, about 4,16,160 acres are covered that fall under nine assembly constituencies . The mandals covered are Darsi, Giddalur, Kanigiri, Markapuram, Yerragondapa- lem, Addanki, Ongole, Parchur and Santhanuthala Padu.

6.3 Medium Irrigation Project

The Medium Irrigation projects are Rallapadu Project, Mopadu Project, Cumbum Tank, Veeraraghavunikota Anicut, Paleru Bitragunta Anicut and Lower Upputeru An-

Page 44 of 134 icut. These medium irrigation projects fall under eight assembly constituencies with an ayacut of 47,858 acres. The assembly segments covered are Kandukur, Kanigiri, Giddalur, Markapuram and Kondapi The Medium ongoing Irrigation projects are Paleru Resevior and Y.S.R. Korsapadu Lift irrigation Scheme. Under this ongoing project, about 29,500 acres are covered that fall under five assembly constituencies. The assembly constituencies namely Kondapi, Addanki, Ongole, Parchur and San- thanuthala Padu. Projects of Major and Medium irrigation are shown in Fig 19 .

Fig.19 Major and Medium Irrigation Projects of Prakasam District

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6.4 Tank Information System

Andhra Pradesh Space Application centre developed a Web Portal GIS for Tank In- formation System (TIS) in Andhra Pradesh. In this web portal, minor irrigation tanks are classified as more than 40 ha, 10 to 40 ha and less than 10 ha command. Infor- mation related to nearly 15,000 tanks in Andhra Pradesh has been published in AP- SAC website and information pertaining to394 tanks existing in Prakasam district has been published so far in the website. It is noted through the said information that all are tanks fall under 10 to 40 ha categories. The tank-wise information presented location details, hydrological details and other standard information related to the tank. The following details are shown in website.

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Table:10 Drainage System with Description of Main River % of Area S.N Area Drained Name of the River Drained in the o (Sq.KM) District 1 Romperu 1674.19 9.4 2 Sagileru 1000.83 5.6 3 Paleru 2481.77 14.08 4 Musi 2223.88 12.6 5 Krishna 569.08 3.22 6 Gundlakamma 6805.68 38.61 7 Musi & Gundlakamma Minor Drainage 7450.9 4.2 8 Manneru 2089.83 11.85

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Table:11 Salient Features of Important Rivers and Streams

Total Length Name of the Altitude S.No in the District Place of Origin River or Stream at Origin (in Kms) Karamchedu,Prakasam, An- 1 Romperu 39.7 dhra Pradesh 5 m 2 Sagileru 67.00 Nandyal Reserved Forest, 700 m Andhra Pradesh 3 Paleru 122.92 Veddula Cheruvu Reserved 500 m Forest, Andhra Pradesh

4 Musi 126.49 Gandlapenta Reserved For- 200 m est, Andhra Pradesh 5 Krishna 45.16 Mahabaleswaram , Maha- 1350 m rastra 6 Gundlakamma 149.24 Nandyal Reserved For- 800 m est,Gundlakonda Andhra Pradesh 7 Musi & 58.06 Chimakurthi Reserved For- 630 m Gundlakamma est, Andhra Pradesh Minor Drainage 8 Manneru 64.79 Balusula Konda , Andhra 500 m Pradesh

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7. Geology and Mineral Resources of Prakasam District

The western part of the district is characterised by NNE-SSW trending structural ridges rising to an altitude of 842 m. Iswarakuppam hill in the northwest is the highest point in the district (901 m). It is a structural dome occupied by Bairenkonda Quartzite. The eastern part of the area is a pediplain with a few isolated hills like Nishan Konda (665 m) and Chima- kurti (658 m) bordered by Quaternary sediments forming an alluvial plain. Gundlakamma and Musi rivers and their tributaries form the natural drainage.

7.1 Geology

The area comprises rock units of the Khondalite Group and Charnockite Group of the Eastern Ghats Super Group and Unclassified Metamorphics and Dharwar Super Group of Archaean age, Younger Igneous Intrusives, Cuddapah Super Group and Kurnool Group of Proterozoic age, Upper Gondwana sequence of Upper Cretaceous age, Cai- nozoic laterite and Recent Alluvium. The Khondalite Group is represented by garnet- sillimanite-cordierite gneiss, associated with minor quartzite, exposed at the periphery of basic intrusives near Chimakurti. Hypersthene gneiss, pyroxene granulite, and magnetite quartzite of Charnockite Group are exposed near Addanki. Migmatised quartz- feldspar-mica schist associated with amphibolite, comprising the Unclassified Met- amorphics, occupies the east and southeast. The rocks are intensely migmatised, at places especially in the south-central part. The upper unit, Kyanite-staurolite-biotite- muscovite schist with some garnet porphyroblasts of Unclassified Metamorphics, associated with ferruginous quartzite and crystalline limestone occurs in the south-central part.

The Dharwar Super group of rocks comprising quartz-chlorite-sericite schist with minor quartzite are exposed on the eastern side of the thrusted contact of Cuddapah Ba- sin in the west. The area exposes numerous igneous intrusives. Among these, light pink to grey gneissic granite containing quartz, potash feldspar, biotite and hornblende, occur as large, irregular bodies around Pamuru in the south and Kanigiri Podile- Darsi

Page 49 of 134 region in the central part of the area. Greenish pink, coarse-grained and alkali granite occur as discrete irregular bodies around Addanki. Darsi and Podile. It is intrusive into both the Eastern Ghats and Dharwar Super Group.

Hornblende syenite rock is exposed and appears as small, isolated outcrops around Podile. At places it is cut across by a nepheline bearing pegmatite. Two small bodies of nepheline syenite are exposed about 15 km northwest of Addanki and 12 Km East of Podile. Basic to ultrabasic plutonic rocks, comprising gabbro-norite with some anorthosite and pyroxenite are exposed as irregular, sub-elliptical bodies, in a narrow zone trending NNE-SSW, around Darsi-Podile and Kanigiri. These bodies show layered structure and contain olivine.

Fayalite-quartz monzonite occurs along the western periphery of a basic-ultrabasic body exposed about 18 km east of Podile. Besides, a very small isolated occurrence of baryte in carbonatite is seen within a body of gabbro-norite, located about 8 km ENE of Podile. Basic dykes, trending NNW-SSE to NNE-SSW and E-W, occur mostly in the south. At Purimetla, they are lamprophyric.

Nallamalai Group comprising Bairenkonda (Nagari) Formation and Cumbum (Pul- lampet) Formation and Srisailam Quartzite represent the Cuddapah Super Group. The Bairenkonda Formation consists of slate and quartzite. The quartzite is exposed along the western margin of the Cuddapah Basin as linear bodies and it constitutes the well- developed Iswarakuppam Dome, at Dornala in the northwest. The Cumbum Formation dominantly comprises shale with minor phyllite and intercalations of dolomite, limestone and quartzite.

Nallamalai Group is unconformably overlain by Srisailam Quartzite, which is mainly an arenaceous unit with sub-horizontal dip. It is glauconitic, ferruginous and forms plat- eaus in the northwest.

Kurnool Group represented by Banganapalli Quartzite and Nadi Limestone unconformably overlies the Srisailam Quartzite. The basal unit of the Banganapalli

Page 50 of 134 quartzite is diamondiferous conglomerate and occurs as small bodies in the northwest, close to the Krishna River. Quartzite and shale overlie the conglomerate. The Narji Limestone conformably overlies the Banganapalli Quartzite and comprises (leggy and massive limestone).

Upper Gondwana fromations of lower Cretaceous age, non-conformably overlie the Ar- chaean rocks. They occur as outliers around Idupulapadu-Punuru, Budavada-Pavuluru near Vemavaram. Uppugonduru, and around Kandukur. They comprise intercalations of sandstone and shale. Several ferruginous laterite tapping occur in the east, over Gond- wana and Archaean rocks, at low level around 17 m to 37 m above m.s.l.

Quaternary deposits occupy the coastal tract, and are classified under three environ- ments namely residual, marine and fluvial. Residual environment is represented by residual soils, fluvial sediments include flood basin and active channel deposits, and marine environment includes paleotidal flat. palaeobeach and active beach ridge. Buff coloured volcanic ash occurs discontinuously along T. terrace of Gundlakamma River, which is correlated to Toba volcanic activity. Rich haul of fossils, comprising limb bones of Bovides, Cervides. Eephus and Equs molar and also pre-molars of Equshorn of stag and shell of turtle was made from Gundlakamma river valley.

The Archaean schists and gneiss show foliation varying from NE-SW to NW-SE with moderate to steep dips on either side. The general disposition of the plutonic bodies is concordant with the axes of folds. The layering in gabbro and nepheline syenite is con- formable to the regional trend of the adjacent quartzo-feldspathic mica schist. The rocks of the Cuddapah Super Group show north and south plunging broad antiforms and narrow synforms. These antiforms resemble domal structures, in some cases. The eastern contact of this Super Group with the schists shows en-echelon thrusts, sub-parallel or oblique to the basin margin, with moderate to steep dips towards east. Srisailam Quartz- ite is traversed by several WNW-ESE faults.

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The Geological Survey of India (GSI, 2000) gave a detailed account of the geology/lithothogy of the District with a map on 1:250,000 scale (Fig. 20) and an elaborate legend with stratigraphic sequence (Fig.21). The description given by GSI is as follows.

Fig. 20 Geology of Prakasam District, Andhra Pradesh (Source: GSI, 2000)

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Fig. 21 Detailed Legend with Stratigraphic Sequence of Prakasam District

7.2 Use of the minerals 1. Barytes: Used for Oil Industry Paints and Pigments

2. Diamond: Oramental and drilling pepose

3.Clay: Used for Ceramic and Refractory

4. Dimensional Stone: Used for Ornamental and Building stone and Flooring

5. Kyanite: Used for Electrical Industry

6. Lead - Zink: Used for Electrical, alloy Industry and Battery Industry

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7. Foundry Sand: Used for Ceramic and Refractory

8.Slate: Used for Slate Industry, Constructions

9.Maganese: Used for Steel Industry

10..Iron Ore: use of iron ore is in the production of iron. Most of the iron produced is then used to make steel. Steel is used to make automobiles, locomotives, ships, beams used in buildings, furniture, paper clips, tools, reinforcing rods for concrete and bicycles.

7.3 Geomorphology of the District

Using IRS satellite data and GIS detailed geological, geomorphological and structural map of Prakasam District was generated as per Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission (RGNDWM) guidelines on I: 50,000 scale. The objective of this is to map lithology, geomorphology and structural characteristics of an area on 1:50,000 scale and to integrate the same to locate potential ground water prospect zones and to recommend suitable structures for ground water recharge. Various hydrogeomorphic units are delineated and suitable recharge structures are proposed at drinking water affected villages under this project. The description of geomorphic units of different origins (Fig.22) mapped in Prakasam District are presented below.

7.3.a Landforms of fluvial origin

The word fluvial is used in Earth science to refer to processes and landforms produced by running water. As with other surficial processes, running water can either erode material from the earth’s landscape or deposit layers of sediment. The resulting landforms can thus be classified as either erosional landforms or depositional landforms. The incredible power of running water in carving various erosional and depositional landforms is well known. Although the quantity of water in stream is small at one time during the course of the year, very large volumes of water move through the channel and they form an important component in the hydrological cy-

Page 54 of 134 cle. The fluvial dissection of the landscape consists of valleys and their included channel ways organized into a system of connection known as a drainage network. Drainage networks display many types of quantitative regularity that are useful in analyzing both the fluvial systems and the terrains that they dissect (NRSA, 2007).

Fig.22Geomorphology of Prakasam District, Andhra Pradesh

Alluvial plain: A level or gently sloping tract or a slightly undulating land surface produced by extensive deposition of alluvium, usually adjacent to a river that period- ically overflows its banks; it may be situated on a flood plain, a delta, or alluvial fan. This landform is predominantly seen in the District.

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Palaeochannel: Deep valleys cut in the bedrock terrain and today filled largely with alluvium, glacial outwash gravels and sands or with tills. These are a good source for underground water.

Flood plain: The surface or strip of relatively smooth land adjacent to a river channel constructed (or in the process of being constructed) by the present river in its existing regimen and covered with water when the river overflows its banks at times of high water. It is built of alluvium carried by the river during floods and deposited in the sluggish water beyond the influence of the swiftest current. Delta: The low, nearly flat, alluvial tract of land deposited at or near the mouth of a river, commonly forming a triangular or fan shaped plain of considerable area en- closed and crossed by many distributaries of the main river, perhaps extending beyond the general trend of the coast, and resulting from the accumulation in a wider body of water (usually a sea) of sediment supplied by a river in such quantities that it is not removed by tides, waves and currents.

Valley fill: The unconsolidated sediment deposited by any agent so as to fill or partly fill a valley.

7.3.b. Landforms of coastal origin

Coasts are also the loci of a unique assemblage of erosional and depositional processes. Various landforms of coastal areas are almost exclusively the result of the action of ocean waves. Wave action creates some of the world’s most spectacular erosional landforms. Where wave energy is reduced, depositional landforms like beaches are created. The source of energy for coastal erosion and sediment transport is wave action. A wave possesses potential energy as a result of its position above the wave trough, and kinetic energy caused by the motion of the water within the wave. This wave energy is generated by the frictional effect of winds moving over the ocean surface. Higher the wind speed and longer the fetch or distance

Page 56 of 134 of open water across which the wind blows and waves travel, the larger the waves and the more energy they therefore possess. Long open ocean waves or swells travel faster than short, locally generated sea waves. They also have longer wave periods and this is how they are distinguished from the short sea waves on reach- ing the coast. Long swells, which have travelled hundreds of kilometers, may have wave periods of up to 20 seconds. Smaller sea waves have wave periods of 5 to 8 seconds. Where ocean depths are greater than the length of the waves, the wave motion does not extend to the ocean floor and, therefore, remains unaffected by the floor. As the ocean depth falls below half the wavelength, the bottom increasingly affects the wave motion. As the depth of water decreases, the wave height increas- es rapidly and the wavelength decreases rapidly. Thus, the wave becomes more and more peaked as it approaches the shore, finally curling over as a breaker and breaking on the shore. As the wave breaks, its potential energy is converted into kinetic energy, providing a large amount of energy for the wave to do the work along the shoreline. Transportation by waves and currents is necessary in order to move rock particles eroded from one part of a coastline to a place of deposition else- where. One of the most important transport mechanisms results from wave refrac- tion. Since waves rarely break onto a shore at right angles, the upward movement of water onto the beach (swash) occurs at an oblique angle. However, the return of water (backwash) is at right angles to the beach, resulting in the net movement of beach material laterally. This movement is known as beach drift. The endless cycle of swash and backwash and resulting beach drift can be observed on all beaches. Frequently, backwash and rip currents cannot remove water from the shore zone as fast as it is piled up there by waves. As a result, there is a build up of water that results in the lateral movement of water and sediment just offshore in a direction with the waves. The currents produced by the lateral movement of water are known as long shore currents. The movement of sediment is known as long shore drift, which is distinct from the beach drift described earlier, which operates on land at the beach. The combined movement of sediment via long shore drift and beach drift is

Page 57 of 134 known as littoral drift. Tidal currents along coasts can also be effective in moving eroded material. While incoming and outgoing tides produce currents in opposite directions on a daily basis, the current in one direction is usually stronger than in the other resulting in a net one-way transport of sediment. Long shore drift, long shore currents, and tidal currents in combination determine the net direction of sediment transport and areas of deposition. Using multi-temporal satellite data can bring out the dynamics of the coast (NRSA, 2007).

Beach: A gently sloping zone, typically with a concave profile, of unconsolidated material that extends landward from the low-water line to the place where there is a definite change in material or physiographic form (such as a cliff) or to the line of permanent vegetation (usually of the effective limit of the highest storm waves).

Beach ridge: A low, essentially continuous mound of beach or beach and dune material (sand, gravel, shingle) heaped up by the action of waves and currents on the backshore of a beach beyond the present limit of storm waves or the reach of ordinary tides, and occurring singly or as one of a series of approximately parallel deposits. The ridges are roughly parallel to the shoreline and represent successive po- sitions of an advancing shoreline.

Coastal plain: A low, generally broad but sometimes narrow plain that has its margin on the shore of a large body of water (esp. the ocean) and its strata either horizontal or very gently sloping toward the water, and that generally represents a strip of recently emerged sea floor or continental shelf.

Dune and Swale complex: It is a large complex of parallel wetland swales and upland beach ridges (dunes) found in coastal embayment and on large sand spits along the shorelines of the Great Lakes. The upland dune ridges are typically forested, while the low swales support a variety of herbaceous or forested wetland types,

Page 58 of 134 with open wetlands more common near the shoreline and forested wetlands more prevalent further from the lake.

Tidal flat: An extensive, nearly horizontal, marshy or barren tract of land that is alter- nately covered and uncovered by the rise and fall of the tide, and consisting of unconsolidated sediment (mostly mud and sand). It may form the top surface of a deltaic deposit.

7.3.c. Landforms of Structural Origin

Landform of structural origin is related to structural aspect of the area. Most of the landforms under this class have genesis related to underlying structure. Structure plays an important role in reducing the resistance of rock which manifests itself in different geomorphic forms. Some of the variation is minor and some are in mega scale. The mega scale forms have a dramatic effect on the genesis of landforms and hence mapping of such forms indirectly indicates the structural set up of the area. The mega scale structural features like fault and fold depending on its type plays an important role in genesis of structural landform. The influence of geologic structures on the development and appearance of landscapes is prominent. The influence of geologic structures ranges from large features, which exert a dominant influence on the form of an entire landscape, to small features, which affect an individual landform and the geomorphic processes operating on it. The structural control could be active structures whose form is directly impressed on the modern landscape or ancient structural features whose influence on a modern landscape is due primarily to differential erosion (NRSA, 2007).

Dome: A general term for any dome shaped landform or rock mass, such as a smoothly rounded rock-capped mountain summit, roughly resembling the dome of a building.

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Structural Hills: Hills and valleys, which are originated due to tectonic process and are highly dissected by the drainage lines. This can be further classified as highly, moderately and low dissection depending on the density of joints and drainage. Mostly this will be interpreted from a planimetric satellite data and the classification is highly subjective.

Dyke Ridge: Intrusive features that are emplaced within the pre-existing fractures or where the fluid pressure is great enough for them to form their own fracture during emplacements. They are discordant bodies.

Cuesta: A hill or ridge with a gentle slope on one side and a steep slope on the other; specifically an asymmetric ridge with one face (dip slope) long and gentle and conforming with the dip of the resistant bed or beds that form it, and the opposite face (scarp slope) steep or even cliff-like and formed by the out crop of the resistant rocks, the formation of the ridge being controlled by the differential erosion of the gently inclined strata.

7.3.d. Landforms of denudational origin

Landform of denudational origin is formed where the denudation process domi- nates over the other process. Most of the landform resulting due to this process is the combined effect of mechanical and chemical weathering. Denudation is the process of removal of material by erosion and weathering. This has direct influence on the relief of the area especially in the reduction of relief to the base level. The agents are mostly water, ice and wind. The major factors affecting denudation are geology, climate, tectonics and anthropogenic effects. All rocks and minerals at or near surface are attacked by physical and chemical process. The effect of this process is not the same everywhere because of rocks’ varying resistance to change. As a result, weathering and erosion yield a number of landforms, which have typical shape and forms. Weathering is an essential part of the rock cycle. The parent ma-

Page 60 of 134 terial, or rock weathered material is disaggregated to form smaller fragments and some of the minerals are dissolved and removed by the agent of water. This removal of material is erosion and is accomplished by running water, wind, glacier etc. The weathering provides a raw material for the sedimentary rock and soil (NRSA, 2007).

Denudational Hill: It is a highly dissected hill which has obliterated the structures.

Inselberg: A prominent, isolated, steep sided, usually smoothed and rounded, residual knob, hill or small mountain of circumdenudation rising abruptly and surrounded by an extensive and nearly level, lowland erosion surface in a hot, dry region (as in the deserts of southern Africa or Arabia), generally bare and rocky although partly buried by the debris derived from and overlapping its slopes; it is char- acteristic of an arid or semiarid landscape in a late stage of the erosion cycle.

Pediment: A broad, flat or gently sloping, rock floored erosion surface or plain of low relief, typically developed by sub aerial agents (including running water) in an arid or semiarid region at the base of an abrupt and receding mountain front or plateau escarpment, and underlain by bedrock (occasionally by older alluvial deposits) that may be bare but more often partly mantled with and discontinuous veneer of alluvium derived from the upland masses and in transit across the surface.

Pediment-Inselberg Complex: The pediments dotted by numerous inselberg of small sizes, which make it difficult to distinguish from the pediments. Hence, it is called a complex of pediment and inselberg.

Pediplain: An extensive, multi-concave, rock cut erosion surface formed by the coa- lescence of two or more adjacent pediments and occasional desert domes, and representing the end result (the “peneplain”) of the mature stage of the erosion cy-

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cle. Based on the thickness of weathering they are further classified as shallow, moderate and deep pediplains.

Residual Hill: A small remnant hill, which has witnessed all forms of denudation.

7.4 Structural Features of Prakasam District

Prakasam District has consolidated formations which include crystallines (Khonda- lites, Charnockites and granitic gneisses) and meta sediments (Dolomites, shales, phyllites and quartzites) of Archaean and Pre-cambrian periods, respectively. The Khondalite Group of rocks are seen as prominent hill ranges (strike ridges) south of Vijayawada, extending towards north and northeast. The rocks of Khondalite and Charnockite groups, and the layered complex show foliation trending dominantly N- S with local swerves to NE-SW and NW-SE (GSI, 2000). The semi consolidated formations are represented by Tertiary formations (Rajahmundry & Gollapalli sand- stones) and unconsolidated formations comprise deltaic alluvial deposits of Qua- ternary period (CGWB, 2013). The Structural map of Prakasam District is shown in Fig.23.

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Fig.23 Structura Map of Prakasam District, Andhra Pradesh

7.5 Ground Water Prospects in the District

The district is broadly divided into six zones, based on hydrological characters. The western part falls in zone- IV, represented by quartzite. shale and dolomite of Cuddapah Super Group. The quartzite and sandstone of Cuddapah Super Group have a permeability of 0.01- 15 m/day with 0.005-0.055 m/day specific yield and fairly good yield prospects of 25 m'/hr. The slate and phyllite of Cumbum Formation and schists of Dharwar Supergroup are in Zone-Ill. These have a very low permeability (0.0110), low specific yield (0.005 - 0.025) with yield prospect of 10 m'/hr.

The central part represented by granite gneiss. charnockite and khondalite is grouped into zones II and I. These have low permeability, moderate yield prospects (15 m'/hr) and specific yield of 0.0050.040 m/day of these two, zone-II has a better specific yield.

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The older alluvium and laterite grouped under zone-V has high permeability (2.00 to 6.0 m/day) high specific yield of 0.010-0.150 m/day with good yield prospects of 25 m'/day. The Recent alluvium grouped under zone-VI is highly permeable (2.00 - 75 m/day) with high specific yield of 0.050-0.200 m/day and very high yield prospects of 100 m`/hr. Fig. 24 shows the ground Water Prospects map and Fig 25 shows the piezometer observation for ground water levels in Prakasam District, Andhra Pradesh.

Fig.24 Ground Water prospects in Prakasam District, Andhra Pradesh

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Fig.25 Distribution of Piezometer Observation wells in Prakasam District,

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8. Ground Water Quality in the Prakasam District Prakasam District is one of the coastal Districts of Andhra Pradesh and is located south of Guntur District. The District has distinct geographical features with varied nature of plains and rocky hills. The areas near the coast are plain and fertile while the other parts are stony plains and hills with dry shrub forests. The District has a variety of soils like black cotton, red soil, red sandy loamy and sandy loamy. Ground water samples were collected from 1883 habitations out of 2532 habitations representing two seasons i.e., post monsoon and pre monsoon in December 2012 and June 2014 for the entire District. The water samples were collected from Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Department (RWS & S) and analyzed for physi- co-chemical parameters like TDS, TH, Cl, NO3, pH, F, Fe, TA and SO4 using standard techniques in the laboratory and compared with the BIS (10500-2015), in terms of desirable, permissible and non potable classes. Blue, yellow and red colours indicate pre monsoon quality and + , - , . symbols indicate post monsoon quality for desirable, permissible and non-potable classes, respectively. From the analysis, it has been observed that the ground water is polluted in pre monsoon and post monsoon with about 35% of the area is under non potable category due to high concentration of Fluoride, Nitrate, Total Hardness and alkalinity. About 35% of the area is under potable category and the remaining 30% of the area is covered in hills and water bodies of the entire the District. The occurrence and movement of ground water in an area is governed by several factors such as topography, lithology, geological structure, depth of weathering, extent of factures, drainage pattern and climate conditions and interrelationship between these factors. The Ground Water Department established extensive network of piezometer observation wells throughout Andhra Pradesh and monitoring the ground water levels (Fig.26).

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Fig.26 Ground Water Quality Map of Prakasam District

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9. Details of Major and Minor Mineral Resources

Prakasam District is endowed with Good Mineral resources belonging to Nellore Mica schist belt of Dharwar Super Group, Part of Eastern-Ghat rocks and Eastern Margin of Cuddapah group of rocks.

The main Mineral resources in the district are Granite (Black Galaxy / Colour) Iron

Ore (Magnetite), Quartz, Silica Sand, Barytes, Slate Stone, Road Metal and Minor occurrences of Limeshell, Laterite, Rehmatti, Lime Kankar, Brick-Earth.

9.1 Major Minerals:

Prakasam district is endowed with the Iron Ore (Magnetite) as detailed below: A. Iron Ore (Magnetite): The estimated reserves of Iron Ore available mainly in the district is in 6 mandals as can be seen from the following Table Estimated availability of Iron ore mandal-wise, village-wise in the district Villages Mandal Reserves estimated in MTs Marlapadu Ongole 209.00 Konijedu Errazerla Kandukuru Tangutur Pernamitta S.N. Padu 17.06 Annangi Maddipadu 6.80 Burepalli Errapalem Tammavaram Korisapadu 10.00 Addanki Addanki 8.80 Singarakonda Vemparala

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Manikeswaram

Potentiality & strategy: Regarding the Quality and Quantity occurrences of the Iron Ore (Magnetite) in this district, several Geological Investigating Agencies have carried out the Prospects for the Ore and placed the proved reserves at 290 million tonnes. Further, the above areas were reserved by the Government of Andhra Pradesh for exploitation in the public sector. There is a plan to develop Port at Vadarevu for the export of Iron Ore Pellets which would facilitate the export of other materials like Granite, Tobacco and would contribute significantly to the economy. Further, if Railway line from Marka- pur-Ongole is developed, there is a good chance for export of other items from Rayalaseema and Karnataka from this port. The total estimated cost of the pelleta- sation plant and port may be of the order of Rs. 400.00 Crores. Further the Govern- ment of Andhra Pradesh is constantly pursuing establishment of steel plant at Cuddapah depending on the availability of reserves in Kadapa, Ananthapuramu and Prakasam Districts. There is one mining lease for Iron Ore granted to M/s. APMDC Ltd. which was sub- sequently sublet to M/s. Ongole Iron Ore Company. Mining operations have not taken up due to local problems. B. Nepheline Syenite: The recently discovered alkaline plutons from the Prakasam District of Andhra Pra- desh (Prasad Rao et al. 1987), following the first report from Elchuru (Leelanandam et al. 1972)), have given a new impetus to the study of alkaline rocks from the East- ern Ghat mobile belt of Peninsular India. These alkaline rocks, occurring east of the eastern margin of the Cuddapah basin, constitute an alkaline province designated as the Prakasam Province exposed around Elchuru (16004’48”N and 79055’42”E) in the Prakasam District of Andhra Pradesh. The Elchuru alkaline pluton is composed mainly of nepheline syenite with subordinate amounts of mafic-rich varieties. The mafic alkaline rocks are almost confined to the central parts where they form large lensoidal outcrops surrounded by nepheline syenite. The nepheline syenite is a coarse to medium-granted,

Page 69 of 134 equigranular, homogeneous rock which contains green or pink-coloured nepheline up to 35%. The Nepheline Syenite can be used in float glass, container glass, fibre glass, opal glass, sheet glass, electrical glass and tableware glass. Nepheline Syenite provides necessary additions of alumina and alkali in the glass batch. It has low in silica and contains no free quartz. It also has a favorable ratio of sodium oxide to po- tassium oxide of 2:1. Nepheline Syenite makes glass batches to have lower viscosi- ty and easier workability compared with Potash Feldspar. Its high alumina and alka- lis content also makes it very suitable for the glass manufacturing. Further, few applications have been received for the grant of quarry lease for Colour Granite on the areas of Nepheline Syenite, which are pending. 9.2 Minor Minerals: Prakasam district is richly endowed with the following minor minerals: 1) Quartz 2) Silica Sand 3) Barytes 4)Lime shell 5) Laterite 6) Black Galaxy Granite 7) Black Granite 8) Colour Granite 9) Slate Stone 10) Road Metal 11) Gravel 12) Rehmatti 13) Lime Kankar 1) Quartz: Quartz and Quartzite are the forms of Silica. In the district, it is mainly available in 12 mandals and 37 villages. The following table shows the complete details mandal- wise, village-wise. Mandal-wise, village wise details where Quartz is mainly available in Prakasam district. Sl.No. Village Mandal 1 Malakondapuram Pamuru Inimerla Kattakindapalli Balijapalem Mopadu 2 Challaginigala Kanigiri Chennakesavapuram

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Jammalamadaka Guravajipeta Takkelapadu 3 Guntur Lingampalem P.C. Palli Pedairlapadu 4 Votla Bailu C.S. Puram Chennapanaidupalli Yekamampuram Koyalampadu Cherlopalli 5 Narsimhapuram Lingasamudram Mogilicherla R.R.Palem 6 Namahsivayapuram Kurichedu Peddavaram Bodanampadu Mallayapalem 7 Idupuru Markapur 8 Kondepi Kondepi 9 Bodapuram Donakonda Rudrasamudram Veerlapalli Sangauram Yerrapalem Ragammakkapalli 10 Mangalakunta Tarlupadu Kethagudipi 11 Darsi Darsi Chandaluru 12 Kenkanapalli Tripurantakam

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A number of small detached knolls of milky vein-quartz are also found between Tripurapuram (150 22’ : 780 59’) and Lingareddipalle (150 23’ : 780 58’) and around Bhupanguntla (150 24’ : 780 50’). Potentiality & strategy: As per the records available with the Office of the Assistant Director, Mines and Ge- ology, there are 26 mining Leases for Quartz covering an extent of 274.331 Hectares out of which 25 Quarry Leases are working and the average production per annum is about 7000 MT. There are no Quartz Mineral based industries in the District. Hence most of the Min- eral is being transported in the raw form to foreign countries through Chennai port and some quantity is being used in the Country for making Silica refractories, as flux material in Iron and Steel Industry and Glass and Ceramic Industries. Further, in the light of new technology, Engineering Granite Units have been established in the Dis- trict which are consuming the Quartz available locally for artificial granite. Two artificial granite units are established viz. a) M/s. Southern Mines and Minerals Pvt. Ltd. at Pellur Village of Ongole Mandal. b) M/s. Satya Exports at Gundlapalli Village of Maddipadu Mandal. Regarding employment, since the deposits occur in shallow depths and small mounds, it requires only simple manual methods for exploitation of mineral. On an average, 10 to 15 skilled/un-skilled workers/labourers are employed to carry out the Mining operations in a workable mine. This mineral is fetching a royalty fee of Rs. 35 lakh to 40 lakhs per annum to the Government. There is a good chance for establishing pulverizing units by utilizing this quartz as raw material which would create some employment to the local people. 2. Silica Sand: It is a variety of sand. Its composition is Si02 (Silicon Dioxide) white, brown, Yellow in Colour, fine to coarse grained in nature. The silica sand belt is occurring along the coast in Prakasam District from Karlapalem to Chinaganjam, Prakasam District with a width of 3 to 4 Kms and length of 45 Kms. The main places of occurrence of Silica sand are shown in the following table.

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Statement showing Village/mandal-wise occurrences of Silica Sand in Prakasam district Village Mandal Epurupalem Chirala Pandillapalli Vetapalem Vetapalem Kadavakuduru Chinnaganjam Chinnaganjam

Potentiality & Strategy: As per the records with the office of Assistant Director, Mines & Geology, there are 12Quarry Leases covering an area of about of 14.354 Hectares out of which 10 Leases are working and the average production per annum is 46,000 M.Tonnes. There are no Silica Sand Mineral based Industries in the District. Since the Mineral silica Sand is available in loose unconsolidated form, the exploitation is only by simple manual process like sieving, spreading, etc. After light drying of sand and cleaning with water, the silica sand will be transported to Industries like Ashok Ley- land, Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited, Hindustan Machines Tools, Visakha Steels, Praga tools located in Hyderabad, Visakhapatnam, Madras and a number of Minor private Iron manufacturing Industries in different places of the country. For exploitation of Silica Sand, skilled labour is not required. 5 to 10 ordinary Labour are enough to carry out the Mining Operations since the deposit is loose and unconsolidated. Through royalty fee, the Government is getting nearly 25 to 30 lakh per annum. 3. Barytes: It is also known as heavy spar due to its High specific gravity (4.5) Its Chemical composition is BaSo4 (Barium Sulphate). Generally it is white, Snow White in colour. The occurrence of Barytes in the district is shown in the following table. Statement showing Village/Mandal wise occurrences of Barytes Village Mandal Mirjapet Tharlupadu

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Gajjalakonda Markapur Turemerla Arthavedu Chinnabenenipalli Bestavaripeta Pitikayagulla Taticherla Giddaluru Pochammakkapalli Donakonda Doddanala Y.Palem

In addition to the above, Barytes is available in Janapala Cheruvu at 150 28’ - 790 09’. Potentiality: As per records of the office of Assistant Director (Mines and Geology), there are 4 working Mining Leases covering an area of about 165.821 hectares. The average production per annum is 2450 Metric tonnes. There are no Barytes Mineral based industries in the District.

4. Lime Shell: It is remnant of animals such as Lamellibranchi, Cephalapods of Mollusca Group and Brachipods. The shell contains calcium carbonate. The Lime shell is useful for preparation of Burnt Lime, which in turn, is useful in paper Industry, Sugar Industry, Cement and white washing. The occurrence of Lime shell deposit is reported in Ko- thapatnam and Tangutur Mandals. 5. Laterite: It consists of Hydrated Aluminium, Iron oxides, residual deposit and is red in colour, loose, porous earthy form. The laterite deposits occur in Singarayakonda and Ulavapadu. The Laterite is useful in cement Industry. There are no leases for Laterite in the District at present. 6. Black (Galaxy) Granite: The name “Galaxy” Granite is derived as the polished slab resembles twinkling of stars in the universe. This Galaxy Granite in Geological terms, is a “Bronzite-Gabbro”. The Bronzite bearing Gabbro is considered to be a rare occurrence in the mafic ig-

Page 74 of 134 neous complexes of the world. The occurrences of Galaxy Granite deposits in the district are shown in the following table. Statement showing village/mandal wise occurrences of Black granite in Prakasam district Village Mandal Chimakurthy Chimakurthy R.L.Puram Budawada Devarapalem Tallur Talluru Boddikurapadu

The Bronzite Gabbro is black in colour, medium to coarse grained. It is useful for dimensional stone. The Galaxy Granite is beautiful, durable and amenable to cut and polish. As per the office of Assistant Director (Mines and Geology), there are 159 Quarry Leases. The average production per annum is about 4,00,000 to 4,25,000 Cbm. At present 60% of the Granite is exported in raw form to other countries. Potentiality:

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There are 600 Granite cutting and polishing units for making slabs and tiles near Ongole and Chimakurthy. Through the fee, the Government is getting 130 to 135 Crores per annum. Besides these small scale units, there is a lot of scope to develop Gang-saw size cutting and polishing limits. There is sufficient production of Galaxy Granite to feed large scale units. Further, M/s. A.P.M.D.C. Ltd., has also entered to produce Galaxy Granite in a big way. By establishing large scale cutting and polishing units, there is a scope not only for employment generation but also for value added products. Further, there is a lot of Granite waste lying in the Granite Quarries which can be utilized for manufacture of tiles of 6” X 4 “ etc. for cladding purposes. For establishing Gang saw size plant, the investment may be of the order of 10 to 15 Crores.

Employment potential: Exploitation is essentially by the open cast, semi mechanized method of working. On an average, 9,500 to 10,000 skilled / unskilled labourers are employed to carry out the Quarrying operations and equal no. of labour is depending on the Granite Cutting and Polishing Units. 7. Black Granite: The Black Granite deposits are situated in Gurijepalli Village, Santhamaguluru Man- dal, Prakasam District. It is a Basic Chamockite rock, black in colour, coarse grained. The Black Granite is useful for Dimensional stone. The Government of Telangana after detailed analysis has selected the Black Granite available at Gurijepalli for construction of new Temple along with sculptures at Lakshmi Narasimha Swamy Tem- ple of Yadagirigutta. As per the office of Assistant Director (Mines & Geology), there are 37 Quarry Leases for Black Granite in this District. This is a small deposit and is being exploited and exported in raw form as well as in finished form. Regarding employment, on an average 800 to 1000 skilled / unskilled labourers are employed to carry out the Quarrying Operations in workable quarry. 8. Colour Granite:

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The Colour Granite in the District is commercially known as “Sleet Grey”, “Blue”, “Dizee Blue”. These Colour Granites are useful for decorative purpose. In view of persistence of features like beautiful look, durability and amenability to cut and polish, these rocks are useful for Dimensional stones. The rocks can be cut into desirable sizes and polished to the required degree. The occurrences of Colour Gran- ite found in the District are shown in the following Table. Statement showing village/mandal-wise occurrences of Colour Granite in Prakasam district Colour Granite Village Mandal Steel Grey Konidena Ballikurava Blue Uppamagulur Ballikurava Chennupalli Dizee blue Elchuru Santhamaguluru Kommalapadu

As per the Office of Assistant Director (Mines and Geology), there are 60 Quarry Leases for Colour Granite. The raw blocks are being transported to Hyderabad, Chit- toor, Maharastra and for local factories. The annual production of Colour Granite in the District is about 1,50,000 to 1,60,000 Cbm with a Revenue generation of 30 to 35 Crores per Annum.

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450 to 500 Granite cutting and Polishing units are situated along the national highway near Martur Mandal, Ballikurava Mandal, Gundlapalli of Maddipadu Mandal of Prakasam district. Regarding employment, there are about 7,000 to 8,000 skilled/un-skilled labourers employed to carry out the quarrying operations in workable quarry. Through seigniorage fee, Government is getting nearly 30 to 35 Crores per annum. 9. Slate Stone: It is a fine grained metamorphie rock with slaty cleavage. The slate is used as decorative stone and in the preparations of writing slates. The occurrences of Slate deposit in the district are shown in the following table. Statement showing village/mandal wise occurrences of Slate stone in Prakasam district Village Mandal Rayavaram Markapur Markapur Gajjalakonda Pothalapadu Tarlupadu Meerjapeta Chennareddypalli Kethagudipi Rolagampadu Kalujuvulapadu Tellapadu Nagulavaram Ardhaveedu Kakarla Ananthavaram Donakonda Rudrasamudram Nallakaluva Cumbum Chandaluru Darsi Jammigumpala

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There are 82 Quarry Leases for Slate Stone in the district of which most of the leases are non-working with an average production of about 4,000 to 5,000 metric tonnes per annum. Potentiality: There are 50 Slate cutting units in Markapur. The Cut Slates are being exported to other countries and also transported to important cities like Mumbai, Chennai, Ban- galore and Hyderabad for wall tiles as decorating stone. Also, there are 30 cottage Industries making writing Slates in Markapur. There is a lot of slate waste generated while quarrying and cutting the slate into required sizes. A scientific study of the slate waste is very much needed to arrive at a technical know-how to establish such Industries which utilize this waste. Employment potential: Exploitation is essentially by open cast, manual methods only. For quarrying and processing of Slate Stone, there is a vast scope for employment potential in the Slate Industry. There are about 20 to 30 skilled / unskilled labourers employed to carry out the Quarrying operations in each workable quarry. Through the Seigniorage fee, the Government is getting nearly 30 to 32 lakhs per annum.

10. Road metal and building stone: Stone and Metal Quarries from hills and Granite waste are useful for construction of Roads, Buildings and as Raw material for Stone crushing units and fencing stones. The occurrence of Road Metal and Building Stone deposits in the District is shown in the following table. Statement showing village/mandal wise occurrences of road metal and building stone in Prakasam district Village Mandal Chimakurthy Chimakurthy R.L.Puram Budawada

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Pallamalli Nagarajupalli Martur Jungameswarapuram Konidena Ballikurava Muktheswaram Guntupalli Dharmavaram Addanki Elchuru Santhamaguluru Kanigiri Kanigiri

There are 130 Quarry Leases for Road Metal and building stone in the district. Road Metal produced from the Quarry is mostly consumed locally for construction of Roads and buildings. The fencing stones are being prepared from the Hills near Kanigiri. Potentiality: There are 140 Stone Crusher units in the District. Major stone crushing units are established in Budawada Village, Chimakurthy Mandal and along the National High way near Martur and Kondamanjuluru Village of J.Panguluru Mandal. These crusher units are established near Road Metal quarrying areas. Employment potential: Quarrying for Road Metal is being done under open cast method. Breaking of stones into metal and Building Stone is done mostly by manual method. There are about 10 to 20 skilled/un-skilled labour employed to carry out the quarrying operations in the workable quarry. Further, there is also scope for employment in stone crusher units. 11. Gravel: It is an earthy material useful for Metal roads for leveling of grounds. The occurrences of Gravel deposit are found in Annangi, Addanki, Cheruvukommapalem, Pel- luru and Singarayakonda. 12. Rehmatti:

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Rehmatti occurs in the form of powder which is white and whitish-red in colour and it is used for cleaning of house hold utensils. The occurrences of Rehmatti are reported at Renimadugu village of Pamuru mandal and Vemulapadu and Gadikota villages of Giddaluru Mandal. There are no quarry leases for Rehmatti in the District at present. 13. Lime Kankar: It is a soil having a variable shape and size and consisting of an aggregate of pre- cipitated calcium carbonate or of other material. Lime Kankar occurs as irregular concretions in surface soils and it is also a variety of limestone. Lime Kankar is used for manufacture of Burnt Lime for construction purposes. The occurrence of Lime Kankar deposits is reported in Somarajupalli, Somavarappadu villages of Tallur Mandal and Darsi village of Martur Mandal. Strategy: In this District, Galaxy Granite, a unique deposit, is occurring in Chimakurthy area which is a Gabbro- anorthosite embedded with bronzite crystals looking like ‘star studded’ sky and attracting Global attention and importance. This Galaxy Granite plays its major role in Mineral Revenue in the District which is about 55% to 60% of the total District Mineral Revenues. There is still scope to develop the exploitation of Galaxy Granite from reserve forest areas. Further, there is also very good scope for establishment of Gang-saw cutting and polishing units in the District for processing the available Granite deposits. It is also desirable to study the feasibility of establishing small scale units to manufacture tiles of 6”X4” from the granite waste which can be used for panelling / cladding purpose. Further, there is a scope for exploitation of Colour and Black Granite deposits in Prakasam District in the light of scarcity of raw material to the established granite cutting and polishing units. At present, the quartz deposits in the district are attracting the attention of the entre- preneurs for its exploitation, since there is a growing demand for quartz abroad, especially from Japan. There is every scope to establish pulverizing units basing on the quartz deposits. Also, much scope lies ahead in improving the mineral revenue of the District. Mineral Based Industries:

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There are about 1050 Granite Cutting and Polishing Units located in Prakasam District with concentration at Chimakurthy, Ongole, Martur, Gundlapalli, Ballikurava and Santhamagulur areas depending on availability of Granite raw material. Nearly 35-40% of Black Galaxy Granite and 50-60% of Colour Granite and Black Granite is processed with value addition in these units with an estimated production of 75,00,000 Sft to 80,00,000 Sft during 2014-15 whereas the same has increased to 1,45,00,000 Sft to 1,50,00,00 Sft during 2015-16. Most of the processed mineral up to 70% is exported generating foreign exchange whereas the remaining is consumed within the Country. In addition to the above small units, there are 14 Gangsaw units for Granite Cutting and Polishing at Gundlapalli, S.N. Padu and Pelluru areas with an average consumption capacity of 4000 to 5000 Cbm of Granite per month. All these Mineral Based Industries are generating employment for nearly 18,000 to 20,000 people directly and to equal number indirectly playing a major role in socioeconomic conditions of Prakasam District.

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STATEMENT SHOWING THE PARTICULARS OF QUARRY LEASES FOR THE YEAR 2017-18 Location of the area Ex- Lease period Sl. Classifi- Grant G.O./ Date of Working/ Name of lessee & ad- Min- tent N Man- cation of Proc’s. No. & Execu- Non- Remarks dress eral Sy.No Village (in From To o. dal land Date tion working Ha) 1 2 3 4(a) 4(b) 4© 5 6 7 8 9(a) 9(b) 10 11 Sri G. Venkata Reddy, Chi- Determination pro- Bary- Cum- 10.3 510, dt.22-09- 27-12- Non- 1 H.no 8-145, East 846 nacum- Govt Land 27-12-00 26-12-20 posals submitted to tes bum 20 2000 00 Working street,Markapur. bum the DM&G,Vi Sri S. Sankara Reddy, 22/4,5 Bary- Pochama Don- 3.54 222, dt.04-10- 31-12- 2 1/397-1, Court ,24/1, Govt Land 31-12-04 30-12-24 Working tes kkapalli konda 5 2004 04 Road,Kadapa. 2 Sri S. Sankara Reddy, Gid- Bary- 1.97 Forest 271, 08-04- Non- 3 1/397-1, Court 755 Turimerla daluru 08-04-09 07-04-29 tes 0 Land dt.13.10.2008 09 Working Road,Kadapa. beat M/s Tiffin Barites, Asbes- Renewal Rejection tos&Paints Ltd,Ankalamma Bary- Gajjala- Marka 2.73 500, dt.01-10- 02-03- Renewal Non- Proposals Submit- 4 11of 1 Govt Land 02-03-81 peta, Pulivendhula,Kadapa tes konda pur 2 1980 81 Applied Working ted on 18-07- dt. 2001&16-11-2010 M/s Tiffin Barites, Asbes- Renewal Rejection tos&Paints Ltd,Ankalamma Bary- 11 of Gajjala- Marka 0.90 503, dt.01-10- 02-03- Renewal Non- Proposals Submit- 5 Govt Land 02-03-81 peta, Pulivendhula,Kadapa tes 2 konda pur 3 1980 81 Applied Working ted on 18-07- dt. 2001&16-11-2010 M/s Gayatri Minerals, Tar- Partner S. V. Siva Red- Bary- Meer- 121. 272, dt.02-07- 28-06- Non- 6 190 lu- Govt Land 28-06-03 27-06-23 dy,1/397-1, Court Road, tes japeta 457 1994 03 Working padu Kadapa M/s U.B.R.Minerals, Besta Mgp.Sri P.Udaya Bhaskar Quart Pothava- 194. 245, dt. 07-09- 03-06- Non- 7 61 vari Govt Land 03-06-09 02-06-29 Rao,27-1-1642, Balaji Na- z ram 069 2006 09 Working Peta gar,Nellore-524002. Sri T. Malyadri, C.S. S/o Narasimha Rao,C/o Quart 8.32 607, dt.22-12- 09-01- Non- 8 40/P Kottapalle Pu- Govt Land 09-01-02 08-01-22 Kothasomisetti,Pamuru z 8 2001 02 Working ram Road, simhadri- Page 83 of 134

nagar,Kandukuru.

Sri Sk. Mahboob Basha, Quart Boyama- C.S.P 3.07 101 dt: 07-03- 29-10- 9 S/o Khajavali near New 9 Govt Land 29-10-02 28-10-22 Working z dugula uram 7 2002 02 water tank,Pamuru. Sri G.Thirumala Konda Chin- 51/P Reddy,Ayyavaripalli (V), Quart napa- C.S.P 16.2 376 dt: 13-07- 12-10- Transferred but not 10 & 62, Govt Land 12-10-00 11-10-20 Working C.S. Puram (M), Prakasam z nayuni- uram 93 2000 00 executed 63/2 dt. palli Sri Sd. Mastan Basha, S/o Peera mahamad, Quart Ekunam- C.S.P 14.5 339, dt.08-10- 23-12- 11 76/2A Govt Land 23-12-03 22-12-23 Working Satyanarayanpuram, z puram uram 71 2002 03 Pamuru. Sri Sd. Mastan Basha, Demand notice S/o Peera mahamad, Quart Ekunam- C.S.P 38.3 605 dt: 07-10- 21-07- Non- 12 60 Govt Land 21-07-01 20-07-21 proposals submit- Satyanarayanpu- z puram uram 97 2000 01 Working ted ram,Pamuru. Sri T. Malyadri, S/o Narasimha Rao,C/o Quart C.S.P 1.83 605 dt: 22-12- 09-01- Non- 13 Kothasomisetti,Pamuru 114/2 Kothapalli Govt Land 09-01-02 08-01-22 z uram 4 2001. 02 Working Road, simhadri- nagar,Kandukuru. M/s Kiran Global Chems Ltd, M.S.Jain, M.D, 81, New Quart C.S.P 13.6 141, dt.12-06- 09-09- Non- 14 758 Musunuru Govt Land 09-09-09 08-04-23 Transferred Avadi Road, Kil Pack, z uram 38 2009 09 Working Chenai-600010. M/s Vengamambha Min- erals, Quart 1.78 405 dt: 21-12- 23-03- 15 Plot No. 207, Rajkishore 888 Darsi Darsi Govt Land 23-03-00 22-03-20 Working z 9 1999. 00 Residency, Chenchupeta, Tenali, Guntur Dist. Sri Sk. Yasdani Basha, S/o Kon- Mahaboob saheb,4th Quart H.M. 9.49 149dt: 16-07- 01-11- 16 222/P dareddyp Govt Land 01-11-04 31-10-24 Working ward,Kanigiri, z Padu 4 2004. 04 alli Kanigiri

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M/s Ramakrishna Mines & Minerals, Prop. T.C. Venkata Quart Baduge- Kani- 17.7 13, dt.11-01- 01-02- 17 261/2 Govt Land 01-02-05 31-01-25 Working Ramireddy,H.no. 8-140, z leru giri 12 2005 05 Kothapeta,Jawaharnagar strret,Kanigiri. Sri D. Ranga Reddy, S/o Narayana Reddy, 5th Quart Cheerla- Kani- 17.0 400,dt.08-10- 13-08- 18 8/1B Govt Land 13-08-03 12-08-23 Working ward,Kothuru (V), Kanigiri z dinne giri 00 2002 03 (M),Prakasam dt. Sri S. Subba Rao, Quart Jammal- Kani- 9.10 104(B), dt.08- 27-05- Non- 19 S/o Alluraiah, Subash 2/1A Govt Land 27-05-04 26-05-24 z amadaka giri 9 04-2003 04 Working Road,Kothapeta, Kanigiri. Sri E. Vishnu Babu, S/o Satyanarayana D.no. Quart 341/1 Jammal- Kani- 5.58 175, dt.11-07- 10-08- 20 Govt Land 10-08-06 09-08-26 Working 40-9-56,Kalanagar, near z P amadaka giri 7 2006 06 Benji circle,Vijayawada. M/s Premier Minerals En- terprises, 1st Renewal Mg.P. Zunaid Rasheed, Quart Takkellap Kani- 16.1 granted vide 03-03- 21 167 Govt Land 03-03-98 02-03-08 Working Plot No. 34, Saradanagar z adu giri 87 G.O No.278, 98 Cast, Chillakur(V)& (M), dt:19-05-2000 SPSR Nellore Dist. M/s Jyothi Minerals, MGP. Sri D. Hari Babu, Plot.no. 46, Quart 167, Takkellap Kani- 5.98 246, dt.26-08- 21-02- Non- 22 Sudhatowers,Opp Seetha Govt Land 21-02-04 20-02-24 z 186/2 adu giri 0 2003 04 Working Ramaiah School,Lakshmipuram, Main road,Guntur. M/s Sai Rohith Minerals India(P) Ltd., Director. Smt. Quart Takkellap Kani- 20.2 212, dt.08-08- 10-12- Non- 23 167/P Govt Land 10-12-09 21-03-22 P. Geetha, H.No. 8-116, z adu giri 34 2008 09 Working Kothapeta, Kanigiri Sri J. Krishna Reddy, Ko- Renewal applied Quart Nalla- 7.72 62, dt.26-02- 23-05- 24 S/o late Venkateswara 574 moro- Govt Land 23-09-96 22-09-16 Working proposals submit- z guntla 2 1996 96 Reddy,H.No. 6/4, Kothapalli lu ted to the DM&G, Page 85 of 134

(V),Nandyala (M), Kurnool Hyderabad dt. Sri Ch. Srimannarayana, Bo- Ku- Determination pro- Quart 20.0 357 dt: 25-06- 24-09- Non- 25 D.No. 23-1-251,Gandhi 227/P danam- riched Govt Land 24-09-01 23-09-21 posals submitted to z 00 2001. 01 Working Road, Ongole. padu u the DM&G M/s Sai Minerals, 257, Ku- Mg.P. B.R. Muralidhar Quart 258, Deka- 32.0 358 dt: 04-09- 28-09- Non- 26 riched Govt Land 28-09-02 27-09-22 Rao,78-9-5, San- z 259, nakonda 20 2002. 02 Working u thapeta,Ongole. 298 Smt. T. Udaya Lakshmi, W/o Subramanyam,H.No. Quart Chilamku- Pamu 9.71 292, 22-05- 28-09- 27 2-65, Vavveru(V), 12/8 Govt Land 28-09-02 27-09-22 Working z ru ru 7 2001 02 Buchireddypalem (m),Nellore dt M/s Veenus Minerals, Prop. Ch. Jaya Ramaiah, Quart Dubagun- Pamu 18.7 94,dt.03-04- 30-09- 28 319/P Govt Land 30-09-03 29-09-23 Working Plot No. G1, Sri Sai Nila- z ta ru 41 2003 03 yam, SVN Colony, Guntur. M/s Chettinadu MB-F Hi- 127/1, Silica Ltd., No.37, Old Ma- 2,3, Patta habalipurma Road, Kazi- Quart 128/1, Matravu- Pamu 8.81 14, 27-03- 29 Land + 27-03-2003 26-03-23 Working pattur Village, Chengalput, z 2,3, lapadu ru 0 dt.31.01.2003 2003 Govt Land Kanchipuram District, Ta- 116/1, milnaidu 2,3 M/s Gayathri Minerals, Determination pro- Mala- Mg.P. S.V. Siva Red- Quart Pamu 76.4 221, dt.04-10- 02-04- Non- posals submitted to 30 69/P kondapu- Govt Land 02-04-05 01-04-25 dy,48,2nd Line, Venguard z ru 87 2004 05 Working the DM&G,Vij Scn ram House, Chennai, TN issued M/s Venkata Krishna Min- erals, Mala- Quart Pamu 60.7 82, dt.03-02- 05-02- 31 Mg. p. K. Rajamohan Red- 69 kondapu- Govt Land 05-02-97 04-02-17 Working Renewal applied z ru 04 2000 97 dy,H.no. 13/68, Rajastreet, ram Guduru, Nellore dt. Y. Anuradha, W/o. Late Y. Venkata Se- Quart Pamu 20.2 245 dt: 05-08- 22-03- Non- 32 540/P Mopadu Govt Land 22-03-00 21-03-20 sha Rao, Pamuru, z ru 35 1999 00 Working Prakasam dt. Page 86 of 134

227/ 1 to 7, 276/ 1 M/s Star Mines & Minerals, 530/P of to 4, MGP. Sri Mehboob Ba- Mopadu Quart 278, Pamu 44.1 108, 10-06- 33 sha,H.No. 66/98, Valmiki & Govt Land 10-06-10 31-07-2022 Working z 279, ru 17 dt:18.05.2009 10 street, Rayachoti, Kadapa Thiru- 280, Dist. galadinne 292, 293, 308 Smt. R. Padmavathi, W/o Ramamohan Rao, Nasika Quart Pamu 3.73 213,dt.07-07- 22-07- Non- 34 near Rama tak- 40/P Trayamba Govt Land 22-07-03 21-07-23 z ru 4 2003 03 Working ies,Padmavathi maching kam center,Adanki,Prakasam Dt Sri Ch. Balanjaneya Reddy, 638, S/o Malakonda Red- Quart Ravigunta Pamu 23.6 75 dt: 11-03- 22-05- Non- 35 639 Govt Land 22-05-03 21-05-23 dy,Pamuru V& z palli ru 52 2003 03 Working etc., M,Prakasam Dt. M/s Jaishree Industries (P) Limited, Director.Shayam Sundar Quart Vaggam- Pamu 14.5 89, dt.02-09- 14-11- 36 1 Govt Land 14-11-13 25-06-23 Working Maheswarai,Sy.no. 1166, z palli ru 00 2013 13 Gangavaram (V),S.N. Padu (M), Prakasam dt. M/s Gandi Kota Enterpris- es, Quart Anu- Rach- 4.00 47, dt. 09-02- 11-06- 37 Mgp.Sri Y.Vijaya Bhaskar 732 Govt Land 17-06-09 16-06-29 Working z manapalli erla 0 2009 09 Reddy,H.No.24-2-1870, Magunta Layout, Nellore M/s Indian Barities & Tar- Chemicals Ltd, Chairman. Quart Mangala- 34.3 274, dt.16-09- 21-02- 38 212/P lu- Govt Land 21-02-04 20-02-24 Working Sri S. Sankar Reddy, 1/397- z kunta 30 2003 04 padu 1,Court Road, Kadapa. Sri Y. Satish Tar- Quart Laksmak- 4.91 239 dt; 11-09- 28-06- 39 S/o Pandu Rangaiah,H.no. 34/2 lu- Govt Land 28-06-08 27-06-28 Working z kapalli 9 2007. 08 6-283-C, Vaddeba- padu Page 87 of 134

zar,Markapur.

M/s Vengamambha Min- erals, Lak- Tar- Quart 25.0 227 dt: 21-07- 13-08- Non- 40 Plot No. 207, Rajkishore 281 shamak- lu- Govt Land 13-08-99 12-08-19 z 00 1999. 99 Working Residency, Chenchupeta, kapalli padu Tenali, Guntur Dist. Sri G. Manikyala Rao , 381, Transferred pro- 402,Sindjahabits, Plot.no. Quart 382, Hussain- Veliga 32.7 126, dt.30-05- 20-07- posals submitted to 41 Govt Land 20-07-09 14-03-22 Working 33,Srinagar colony, Hyder- z 387, puram ndla 04 2009 09 the DM&G, Hydera- abad. 388 bad Sri P.G. Issac Newton, S/o. P.G. Jeorge, H.no. 13- Quart Pulikuntla Veliga 13.4 4 dt: 02-01- 07-05- 42 142, Christian colony, 466/P Govt Land 07-05-01 06-05-21 Working z Rallapalli ndla 92 2001. 01 Shadnagar, Mahaboobna- gar dt. 1026, Quart 1027, Sri Ch. Balanjaneya Reddy, z & 1031, Pamu 33.5 202, dt.14- 17-06- Non- Mines Safety sus- 43 Inimerla Govt Land 17-06-00 16-06-20 Kapustreet, Pamuru. Kya- 1038 ru 94 03.2000 00 Working pension nite to 1044 2nd Showcause notice issued vide M/s Superstar Slate & Shale Pedda Govt. Memo No. Slate Pencil Industries, & 534/2 Marka 5.70 59, dt.04-03- 20-04- Non- 44 Yachava- Govt Land 20-04-06 19-04-26 11458/M.II(2)/2010- Mg. P. D.no. 7-307, Nehru Slate P etc., pur 2 2006 06 Working ram 2, dt.12-10-2012 of bazar,Markapur. Pencil Ind. & Comm(M.II) Dept., Govt. of A.P., Showcause notice Smt. M. Saraswathi, issued vide Govt. W/o Venkata Rami Reddy, Writ- P. Besta Memo No. 30.6 279,dt.19-05- 30-09- Non- 45 Near Water Tank, Tar- ing 108 Obineni- varip- Govt Land 30-09-00 29-09-20 8224/M.II(1)/2014-1, 08 2000 00 Working lupadu Road, Markapur- slate palli eta dt.16-10-2014 of Ind. 523 316. & Comm(M.II) Dept., Govt. of A.P.,

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Showcause notice M/s Srinivasa Mining In- issued vide Govt. dustries, Writ- Do- Memo No. Prop.Sri G.V.Koti Reddy, Anan- 6.47 312, dt.24-10- 19-02- Non- 46 ing 27/p na- Govt Land 19-02-04 18-02-24 8225/M.II(1)/2014-1, H.No.2-125, Lakshmi Nila- thavaram 8 2003 04 Working slate konda dt.16-10-2014 of Ind. yam,Doddavari & Comm(M.II) Street,Markapur. Dept., Govt. of A.P., Showcause notice issued vide Govt. Sri P. Venkatapathi, Writ- 20, 21, Do- Memo No. Mallam- Mangina- 28.4 546, dt. 05-11- 04-10- Non- 47 ing 22 na- Govt Land 04-10-99 03-10-19 8526/M.II(1)/2014-1, peta(V),Donakonda(M), pudi 86 2001 99 Working slate etc., konda dt.15-10-2014 of Ind. Prakasam (Dist). & Comm(M.II) Dept., Govt. of A.P., Sri P. Venkatapathi, Lapses proposal Writ- Do- 03-10- Mallam- 125/1, Mangina- 20.2 457, dt. 05-06- 04-10- Non- under 28(1) of MC 48 ing na- Govt Land 04-10-79 1999(Renew peta(V),Donakonda(M), 126/1 pudi 35 1978 79 Working Rules, 1960 submit- slate konda al applied) Prakasam (Dist). ted on 14.11.2012. Suspension orders issued vide . Lr No. Sri R.Venkataiah, Writ- 124/1, Do- AP/PKSM/slate- Manginapudi Village, Do- Mangina- 9.28 499, dt: 24-09- 18-03- Non- 49 ing 262,26 na- Govt Land 18-03-02 17-03-22 20/Hyd, dt.21-03- nakonda Mandal, pudi 0 2001 02 Working slate 3 konda 2013 of Regional Prakasam Dt Control of Mines, Hyd. Sri G. Lakshmi Kumar Lapses proposal Reddy, Writ- Rayava- Marka 49.3 497, dt.: 04- 09-10- Non- under 28(1) of MC 50 S/o Krishna Reddy, ing 351 Govt Land 09-10-79 10-08-99 ram pur 73 07-1979 79 Working Rules, 1960 submit- Rayavaram (V), Markapur slate ted on 14.11.2012. (M). Showcause notice issued vide Govt. M/s T. Venkateswara Red- Writ- Memo No. dy 35141 Rayava- Marka 46.1 202,dt.31-07- 08-04- 51 ing Govt Land 08-04-02 07-04-22 Working 8480/M.II(1)/2014-1, Mittamidhipalli Po, 4 ram pur 17 2008 02 slate dt.15-10-2014 of Ind. Markapur (M). & Comm(M.II) Dept., Govt. of A.P., Page 89 of 134

Showcause notice issued vide Govt. M/s Maruthi Mines and Writ- Thum- Tar- Memo No. Minerals, 183/1 17.6 604, dt: 07- 23-12- 52 ing mala- lu- Govt Land 23-12-97 22-12-17 Working 8346/M.II(1)/2014-1, Sri G.Venkata Reddy, & 179 50 12-2000 97 slate cheruvu padu dt.16-10-2014 of Ind. Markapur & Comm(M.II) Dept., Govt. of A.P., Determination proposals submitted to D.D.M&G, Guntur on 5/2/05. Rejec- tion proposals submitted vide file Sri Battula Sivaji No. 1962/M/05 on S/o Krishnamurthy, Quart Tar- Kethagudi 8.25 301, dt.28-08- 17-11- Non- 8/1/10 on renewal 53 D.no. 1-160, Vinukonda- z 161 lu- Govt Land 17-11-96 16-11-2006 pi 2 1998 96 Working application filed by road, slate padu Sri B. Sivaji. Further, Narsarao peta, Guntur dt. lapses proposal under 28(1) of MC Rules, 1960 submitted on 14.11.2012 2nd renewal Pro- posal scn issued. M/s M.V.K.Brothers Indus- tries & Miner- Proc als,Mg.Partner: Sri Quart 292/1 Vedul- Veliga 13.7 NO:31413/R3- 15-07- 54 M.Lazar,H.no:6-1- Govt Land 15-07-2016 14-07-2036 Working z P lacheruvu ndla 45 2/2007,Dt:31- 2016 149/6A,Walker Town, 05-2016 Padmarao Na- gar,Secunderabad-500025 Sri.A.Sambasiva Rao,S/O Proc Badra- Quart Jammal- Kani- 28.3 NO:2477/R3- 15-09- 55 1 Govt Land 15-09-2016 14-09-2036 Working halam,T.S.R.Towers,Shop z amadaka giri 28 2/2011,Dt:12- 2016 12,Ganugapalem,Ongole-1 08-2016

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807/1, 809,81 8/1,81 M/S NISHEETHA MINER- Quart 3/3,81 478/M2 INIMER- Pamu Govern- 257 19 Sep ALSM.venkateswarlu,h.no: z & 3,824, 35.7 /1982 Not Work- 56 LA,INIME r,Pam ment 1997,53 27-07-1982 26-07-2002 13/67,raja Kya- 825,83 63 16.10.19 ing RLA, ur, Land 1.2.1982 street,gudur,nellore. nite 3,840/ 97 1,841/ 2,808/ 2, Sri S.Narayanaa Reddy Proc ,s/o Gangi reddy, 210/7 Govern- Quart Siddava- K.K. 12.5 NO:7773/R3- 5057/M 57 H.no:100/09,Angad P,210/ ment 31-03-2017 30-03-2037 Working z ram Mitla 77 2/2014Dt:13- /1998 Veedhi,Proferrors colo- 8,9 Land 03-2017 ny,Kadapa. M/s Bhairava Minerals Pvt Proc Ltd,Mg.Director:Sri 838,83 Govern- Quart Pamu 5.39 NO:18706/R3- 1517/Q/ 58 S.Bhanu Pratap Reddy, 9,&85 Inimerla ment 11-02-2017 11-01-2037 Working z r 5 2/2016Dt:24- 2016 Bala Subbaiah Na- 1 Land 10-2017 gar,Pamur[V&M] M/S STANLEY MINING COMPANY PVT LTD,MG.D. SRI.V.VAMSI KRISHNA Proc Govern- PLOT NO 85,FLAT Quart BADUGU KANI 18.6 NO:2317/R3- 1923/Q/ 59 455/1 ment 16/11/2017 15/11/2037 Working NO:301,S.R. RESIDEN- z LERU GIRI 22 2/2017,Dt:09- 2016 Land CY,AMAR CO.OP SOCIE- 10-2017 TY,MADHAPUR,HYDERABA D. M/s M.V.K.Brothers Indus- tries & Miner- Proc als,Mg.Partner: Sri 35/1p, Nasika Patta Quart PAMU 3.49 NO:15545/R3- 109/Q/2 60 M.Lazar,H.no:6-1- 27/3,5 Trayamba Land & 23/12/2017 22/12/2017 Working z R 5 2/2006,Dt:10- 006 149/6A,Walker Town, &10 kam Govt Land 11-2017 Padmarao Na- gar,Secunderabad-500025 M/s Chalapathi Minerals Quart H.B.XI Khajipu- Besta 18.4 Proc 1233/Q/ 61 Govt Land 03-01-2018 28/02/2038 Working ,Prop:Sri.Ch.Chalapathi z V ramH/o vari 09 NO:12530/R3- 2016 Page 91 of 134

Rao,H.no:207,Rojakishore Basina- Peta 2/2006,Dt:24- Residen- palli 01-2018 cy,Chenchupet,Tenali,Gunt ur[Dt] Smt. A. Maha Devi, W/o Black 277/2 21360/R3(2)/ 62 Surya Muni, 4/499, Gran- P, Venkata- 1.00 Patta 03, dt.12-08- 09-10- Sriramudipeta, Tadipatri. ite 282/1 puram Darsi 0 Land 03. 2003 09-10-2003 08-10-2023 Working M/s Sri Lakshmi Srinivasa Granites Sri.M.Koteswara Rao 63 Chintalapalem (V), Kanigiri Black 20069/R3- (M), Gran- Chintala- Kani- 1.00 Patta 2/15, dt.27- 26-04- Prakasam dt. ite 240 palem giri 0 Land 02-16 2016 26-04-2016 04-10-2029 Working Sri Y. Lakshminarayana Yadav, Prop: Srisailam Black 41323/R3- 64 Granites, 13/472, Prasanthi Gran- Sankavar Kani- 2.00 Patta 1/2005, 21-09- Nagar, Tadipatri. ite 52/1 am giri 0 Land dt.11-09-2006 2006 21-09-2006 20-09-2026 Working M/s Srisailam Granites, Prop: Lakshminarayana Black 10200/R(2)/0 65 Yadav, 13/472, Prasanthi Gran- Sankavar Kani- 1.24 Patta 3, dt.26-05- 20-06- Nagar, Tadipatri. ite 51/2 am giri 7 Land 2003 2003 20-06-2003 19-06-2023 Working M/s. Dastagiri Swamy Granites 66 MgP. Sri G. Raghava Red- Black 164, 9405/R2- dy, Sankavaram(V), Kani- Gran- 113/1 Sankavar Kani- 1.87 Patta 2/2014, dt:08- 12-11- giri ite P am giri 4 Land 10-2014 2014 12-11-2014 22-07-2024 Working Sri K. Viswanadhaiah, S/o Kasturi Yanadaiah, H.No.5- 67 325/1, Gayatri Nagar, Opp. Black 12677/R3- S.P. Mahila Vidyalayam, Gran- 109/P, Sankavar Kani- 2.95 Patta 2/08, dt.05- 21-06- Tirupathi. ite 110 am giri 4 Land 06-08 2008 21-06-2008 20-06-2028 Working M/s Andhra Granites & Minerals, Mg.Partner:Smt N.Sampurna,W/o Mohan 68 Rao, Khamma Palem, Black 37202/R3- Transferred from H.No.45-1-114, K.P.Bus Gran- Chintala- Kani- 1.00 Patta 1/09, dt.19- 15-12- M/s. Venugopal stand, Ongole. ite 54/2P palem giri 0 Land 10-2009 2009 15-12-2009 17-01-2022 Working Granites Page 92 of 134

M/s Andhra Granites & Minerals, Mg.Partner:Smt N.Sampurna,W/o Mohan 69 Rao, Khamma Palem, Black 37203/R3- Transferred from H.No.45-1-114, K.P.Bus Gran- Sankavar Kani- 2.99 Patta 1/09, dt.27- 24-12- M/s. Venugopal stand, Ongole. ite 50/2,3 am giri 2 Land 10-2009 2009 24-12-2009 15-07-2022 Working Granites M/s Sri Khadarvali Gran- ites, Prop:Sk.Khadarvali 70 Granites, H.no.7- Black 50198/R3- 26,Sankavaram(V),Kanigiri( Gran- 223/P, Sankavar Kani- 2.00 Patta 1/10, dt.23- 08-06- M) ite 226/p am giri 0 Land 05-11 2011 08-06-2011 07-06-2031 Working 117/1 M/s Chandra Granites, A(p),1 71 A.Chandra mou- Black 17/1B 49229/R3- li,Thirupathaiah,Nanchara Gran- (p),11 Sankavar Kani- 1.87 Patta 1/10, dt.30- 06-05- mma Colony ite 8/P am giri 5 Land 041-11. 2011 06-05-2011 05-05-2031 Working M/s. Sri Srinivasa Gran- itesMg.Par:T.C.Srinivasulu, S/o 72 T.P.Pullanna,D.No:15/1837, Black C.B.Road,Tadipatri,Ananta Gran- Sankavar Kani- 1.48 Patta 30-10- pur ite am giri 2 Land 2006 30-10-2006 29-10-2026 Working M/s Maruthi Minerals, Mg. Partner: B. Mohana Black 73 Rao, Anathasagaram, Gran- Muddapa P.C.Pa 0.96 Patta 9428/R3-2/08, 16-04- Kandukuru. ite 116/3 du lli 0 Land dt.04-04-2008 2008 16-04-2008 15-04-2028 Working Smt A.Shyamala, W/o Srinivasa Reddy, Flat No.406, Banglow No.40, 74 Akruthi Nilayam, CZECH Black 195/1 Colony, Sanath Nagar, Gran- P, 2 & P.C.Pa 4.50 2975/R3-1/08, 30-08- non- Hyderabad. ite 3 Marella lli 0 Govt Land dt.04-07-2011 2011 30-08-2011 29-08-2031 working Sri Sai Balaji Granites, Mgp. K. Soma Sekhara 75 Reddy, H.No. 7-53(2), Black 35759/R3(2)/ Pallapothulavari Street, Gran- Thum- 1.00 Patta 2006, 01-05- Chimakurthy ite 72/1 magunta Podili 0 Land dt. 20-11-2006 2007 01-05-2007 01-04-2027 Working Page 93 of 134

Sri M.Isaac Babu, S/o Col- 19943/R3- Abraham, Mandavalli Vil- our Hazispu- Kani- 1.84 Patta 15-10- 76 436/P 1/12, dt.14- 15-10-2013 14-10-2033 lage and Mandal, Krishna Gran- ram giri 1 Land 2013 non- 06-2013 Dt ite working M/s Jayasree Granites Director.Shayam Sundar Col- Maheswarai, 36011/R3- our Gumma- Pamu 7.00 22-11- 77 Sy.no. 1166, Gangavaram 13/P Govt Land 2/07, dt.05- 22-11-2007 21-11-2027 Working Gran- lumpadu r 0 2007 (V), 11-2007 ite S.N. Padu (M), Prakasam dt. M/s Hanuman Gran- 183/3, ites,Prop:Sri.P.Malyadri,H.N Black 4,5 23796/R3- 78 o:5-100-B,Venkateswara Gran- &185/ Bhat- P.C.Pa 11.7 2/2012,Dt:05- 02-09- nagar,ongole. ite P tupalli lli 60 Govt Land 07-2016. 2016 02-09-2016 01-09-2036 working

Determination pro- 79 S.LAKSHMI JANARDHNA YERUVA- 441/Q/2 posals submitted to RAOD.NO.23-9-51/1, Black RIPALL,I 10485/R3- 009 the DM&G, Vijaya- R.AGRAHARAM, GUNTUR, Gran- HAJIS Kani- Patta 1/2009 27 01.10.20 non- wada.scn issued 522003 ite 155/P, PURAM, giri, 2 Land Aug 2009 09 01-10-2009 30-09-2029 working 07-09-2011

Determination pro- 80 M/S SRI SRINUGRAN- 2834/Q/ posals submitted to ITESD.no:15/1836,c.b.road, Black 8443/R3- 2005 the DM&G, Vijaya- tadipathri,[v&m]anantapur[ Gran- SANKAVA Kani- 1.49 Patta 2/2005 11 11.08.20 wada.scn issued Dt] ite 242/P, RAM giri 8 Land MAY 2005 05 11-08-2005 10-08-2025 working 11-04-2007

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R.ANUP CHAKRAVARTHIR.VENKAT Determination pro- 81 A RAO,PLOT 969/Q/2 posals submitted to NO:468,PRASANTHI NA- Black Dar- Govern- 22582/R3- 009 the DM&G, Vijaya- GAR,VANASTALIPURAM,H Gran- 903,90 POTHA si,Dar 7.34 ment 1/2009 18 13/11/2 non- wada.scn issued YDERABAD-70 ite 4/P, KAMURU si 4 Land Sep 2009 009 13-11-2009 12-11-2029 working 05-07-2012 Sri P.Naga Srinivasa Col- 2423/R3- Rao,D.no:16-4- our Koma- C.S.P 8.00 2/2012- 27-01- 82 61 Govt Land 27-01-2017 26-01-2037 Working 1769,4thcross,Haranadhap Gran- tigunta uram 0 1,Dt:10-06- 2017 uram,Nellore-524003. ite 2016 Sri Ch.Pratap Red- dy,D.no:54/64,2nd floor,1st Col- 2423/R3- cross,Gangappa Lay- our Koma- C.S.P 9.93 16-11- 83 61 Govt Land 2/2012,Dt:10- 16-11-2016 15-11-2036 Working out,Shanthi Nagar,Near Gran- tigunta uram 2 2016 06-2016 Nayanas Bak- ite ery,Bangalore-560016. M/s Venkateswara Gran- ites,Prop:Sri.Gogineni.Taru Black 49238/R3- n Chowdary,S/o Thum- 2.00 15/05/2 84 Gran- 66/1,2 Podili Govt Land 2/2013,Dt:23- 15/05-2017 15-11-2036 Working Dr.Pradeep kumar,praja maganta 0 017 ite 03-2017 vydyasala,palnada road,vinukonda,gunturu[dt] Sri D.Narayana,S/o Peda Malakondaiah, H.No:2- Black 2601/Q/ Sankavar Kani- 1.62 Patta 6981/R3-2/16, 85 36,Perugupalli[v]Ballavara Gran- 10 2015,19- 19-02-2018 18-02-2038 Working am giri 3 Land dt.06-02-18 m[P]Veligandlia[m]prakas ite 02-2018 am[dt] Sri D.Narayana,S/o Peda 2602/Q/ Malakondaiah, H.No:2- Black 44/P,4 Sankavar Kani- 1.60 Patta 6980/R3-2/16, 2015, 86 36,Perugupalli[v]Ballavara Gran- 28-03-2018 27-03-2038 Working 5/P am giri 7 Land dt.06-02-18 28-03- m[P]Veligandlia[m]prakas ite 2018 am[dt]

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Road Sri P.M. Seetha Reddy, Chet- 4184/Q4/201 Determined pro- Met- Gid- 0.80 21-06- Non- 87 D.No. 6-13-35/1, Giddalur 346/P tireddipal- Govt.Land 1, Dt:28-03- 21-06-2012 20-06-2022 posals submitted to al&Gr dalur 9 2012 Working (V)& (M) li 2012 the DDM&G, Guntur avel Sri Sk. Saidula Saheb, Determined pro- Do- 15126/R3(2)/ S/o. Khasim Saheb, D.No. Mar- Indlacher 1.00 Patta 23-08- Non- posals submitted to 88 4 na- 2005 23-08-2005 22-08-2025 29-247, Chinaganugapa- ble uvu 0 Land 2005 Working the DM&G, Hydera- konda dt. 10-08-2005 lem(V), Addanki(M) bad Sri A. Venkata Reddy, S/o Konda Reddy, H.No.1- Road Ardha 1.00 2040/Q4/09, 01-10- 89 909/P Bogolu Govt.Land 01-10-2010 30-09-2020 Working Applied for Renewal 214-D2, Revenue Employ- Metal veedu 0 dt: 01-10-10. 2010 ees Colony, Markapur. M/s Venkateswara Con- structions, Besta 1221/Q/AD(M Road 1.00 16-11- 90 Mg. Partner: ch. Rami 1/P Ondutla varip- Govt.Land KP)/2005, dt. 16-11-2006 15-11-2016 Working Applied for Renewal Metal 0 2006 Reddy, Podalakuntapalli, eta 08.02.2006 Giddaluru. SMT.Aruna jyothi ,H.no:3- Road Besta 10-4/B,Marreddy nila- Met- H.B.N Pitikayag 10.0 5039/Q4/201 04-03- 91 varip- Govt.Land 03-04-2017 03-04-2027 Working yam,Pattabhipuram,3/1,DR al&Gr O:XIV ukka 00 6,Dt:6/3/7 2017 eta M office 2nd gate,Guntur. avel Sri D.Tirupataiah, C.S 2948/Q4/201 Road 154/2 Chintala- 3.00 24-10- 92 S/o. Giddiah, V.R. Nagar, Pu- Govt.Land 7, dt: 27-07- 24-10-2017 21-10-2019 Working Metal P palem 0 2017 C.S. Puram(V&M) ram 17. Sri R. Naryana, Yadavalli 5564/Q4/15, Road Dor- 1.00 26-03- 93 Village, Pedda Dornal 344/P Yadavalli Govt.Land dt: 28-12- 26-03-2016 08-01-2017 Working Applied for Renewal Metal nala 0 2016 Mandal. 2015. M/s N.S.C.Consortium, C/o Samatha Nursing Home, Road Dor- 12.1 662/Q/ADM/0 07-06- 94 734/P Yadavalli Govt.Land 07-06-2007 06-06-2017 Working Applied for Renewal Sri Sailam Road, Peda Metal nala 46 7, dt:11-04-07. 2007 Dornala. A.Hussain ReddyD.no:2- 84,Palukur Road Dor- 10.0 1438/Q/09,Dt: 30-12- 95 734/P Yadavalli Govt.Land 30-12-2009 29-12-2019 Working Road,Banaganapalli[m]kur Metal nala 00 30/12/09 2009 nool[dt]

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Sri K.Goverdhana Red- Chat- dy,S/o K.Ch.Rami Red- Road Gid- 2.00 513/Q4/10, dt: 11-02- 96 346/P trireddy Govt.Land 11-02-2011 10-02-2021 Working dy,H.No.8-127-3- Metal dalur 0 21-11-10. 2011 palli 2,Giddaluru(V&M) Sk. Khasim Peera, H.No.3- Road Kani- 0.78 360/Q4/2011, 10.07.20 97 Kanigiri Govt.Land 10.07.2012 09.07.2022 Working 10, Kanigiri Metal giri 9 dt.07.07.2012 12 M/s The Takaripalem 2031/Q/ADM/ S.Q.W.L.C.C.Ltd., President: Road Kani- 0.72 10-01- 98 859 Kanigiri Govt.Land 04, dt: 27-04- 10-01-2006 09-01-2016 Working Applied for Renewal Sk. Moulali, Takaripalem Metal giri 8 2006 05. Village, Kanigiri. M/s The Takaripalem S.Q.W.L.C.C.Ltd., President: Road 1010/ Kani- 0.80 30-05- 99 Kanigiri Govt.Land 30-05-2006 31-08-2016 Working Applied for Renewal Sk. Moulali, Takaripalem Metal 1 giri 9 2006 Village, Kanigiri. Sri S.P. Nagoor Saheb, S/o Masthan Saheb, 3733/Q/AD(M 10 Road 1010/ Kani- 0.40 13-02- H.No.2/35, Potakamuri Kanigiri Govt.Land KP)/2004, 09-12-2014 08-12-2024 Working 0 Metal 1P giri 5 2015 Mastan Street, 2nd Ward, dt:20.01.2015 Kanigiri. Sri Sk. Chinna Duddulu, 10 Road Kani- 0.14 06-08- S/o Noor Saheb, De- 989/P Kanigiri Govt.Land 993/Q/08, 06-08-2008 05-08-2018 Working Applied for Renewal 1 Metal giri 1 2008 vanganagar, Kanigiri. M/s Challagirigala V.S.Q 5010/Q4/200 10 Society Ltd., President: V. Road 1010/ Kani- 1.01 09-12- Kanigiri Govt.Land 7, dt: 01-03- 09-12-2007 08-12-2017 Working Applied for Renewal 2 Ramanjaneyulu, H.No.2-78, Metal 1 giri 1 2007 08. Pathvuru, Kanigiri. Smt Sk.Khairun Bee, W/o 10 Road Kani- 0.40 2582/Q4/200 30-07- Hassan Vali, Takaripalem 1009 Kanigiri Govt.Land 30-07-2007 29-07-2017 Working 3 Metal giri 4 8, dt. 16-07-08 2007 Village, Kanigiri Mandal. Smt Sk.Khairun Bee, W/o 4477/Q4/201 10 Road 1009/ Kani- 0.20 09-12- Hassan Vali, Takaripalem Kanigiri Govt.Land 4,Dt:25-03- 09-12-2014 08-12-2024 Working 4 Metal P giri 2 2014 Village, Kanigiri Mandal. 2015 S. Srinivasa Rao, S/o Ven- 10 Road Yeruva- Kani- 0.45 Patta 3796/Q4/08, 26-05- kateswarlu, Tallamalla 49 26-05-2009 25-05-2019 Working 5 Metal ripalli giri 3 Land d: 06-03-07. 2009 Village, Podili Mandal.

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Smt.V.Vinod, S/o Bala 10 Krishna, D.No.2-78/1,Patur, Road 1009/ Kani- 0.30 1120/Q/09, dt: 19-11- Kanigiri Govt.Land 19-11-2009 18-11-2019 Working 6 Kanigiri Village and Man- Metal P giri 4 19-11-09. 2009 dal, Prakasam Dristrict. Sri T.V. Chenna Reddy, S/o 4082/Q/ADM/ 10 Road Rajupa- Marrip 2.00 17-08- Palanki Reddy, D.No.8/313, 121/P Govt.Land 06, dt: 10-08- 17-08-2007 16-08-2017 Working Applied for Renewal 7 Metal lem udi 0 2007 Eastren Street, Markapur. 07. Sri T.V. Chenna Reddy, S/o 10 Road Rajupa- Marrip 2.00 4399/Q4/15, 06-11- Palanki Reddy, D.No.8/313, 121/P Govt.Land 06-11-2015 16-11-2017 Working Applied for Renewal 8 Metal lem udi 0 dt: 19-10-15. 2015 Eastren Street, Markapur. M/s Sai Krishna stone 10 crusher, Prop: M. Venkata Road Rajupa- Marrip 3.00 4787/Q/AD(M 25-04- 121/P Govt.Land 25-04-2008 24-04-2018 working 9 Rao, Madalavaripalem Metal lem udi 0 KP)/02, dt. 11- 2008 Village, Podili Mandal. 04-08 Sri T.V. Chenna Reddy, S/o 11 Road Rajupa- Marrip 1.04 7109/Q4/08, 06-10- Applied for Surren- Palanki Reddy, D.No.8/313, 121/p Govt.Land 06-10-2009 05-10-2019 Working 0 Metal lem udi 0 dt: 06-08-09. 2009 der Eastren Street, Markapur. M/s Srinivasa stone crusher, Determined pro- 11 Road P. Ala- P.C. 4.13 5761/Q4/201 20-01- Non- Prop: Ch. Nageswara Rao, 947/P Govt.Land 20-01-2011 19-01-2026 posals submitted to 1 Metal valapadu Palli 4 1, dt. 15-12-11 2011 Working Oguru Village, Kandukuru the DDM&G, Guntur Mandal. Smt J.Priyanka, W/o Srini- vasa Rao, H.No.16-6-2, 3841/Q4/201 Determined pro- 11 Road P.C. 0.83 10-10- Non- Gurramvaripalem, Kan- 17/1P Marella Govt.Land 1, Dt:26-12- 10-10-2012 10-09-2022 posals submitted to 2 Metal Palli 4 2012 Working dukur (V & M), Prakasam 2011 the DDM&G, Guntur Dt Sri B.Venkateswarlu, S/o. 11 Krishnaiah, H.No.1-46-1, Road P.C. 1.15 2744/Q4/10, 28-07- Applied for Surren- 121/P Marella Govt.Land 28-07-2010 27-07-2020 Working 3 Anantha sagaram(V), Kan- Metal Palli 0 dt. 06.05.2010 2010 der dukuru (V&M). Sri Hanuman Stone 11 Crusher, , D.No.2-68-1, Road Pamu 6.33 5324/Q4/201 23-04- 205/2 Inimerla Govt.Land 23-04-2014 22-04-2024 Working 4 Nuchupoda(V), Metal r 8 1 2014 Pamuru(M)

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Sri D. Ravi Babu, S/o 11 Hanumantha Rao, D.No.2- Road Pamu 3.05 2368/Q4/201 02-07- 205/2 Inimerla Govt.Land 02-07-2014 01-07-2024 Working 5 68-1, Nuchupoda(V), Metal r 7 4 2014 Pamuru(M) 11 Sri P. Venkatasubbiah, S/o Road Pamu 1.01 5592/Q4/07, 18-02- 205 Inimerla Govt.Land 18-02-2008 17-02-2018 Working Applied for Renewal 6 Peda Tirumalaiah, Pamuru. Metal r 2 Dt.01-07-09 2008 Sri S. Venkateswara Red- Ped- 11 dy, H.No.10/104-8-2, Road 0.50 5265/Q4/09, 29-11- 56 Kottapalle dara- Govt.Land 29-11-2010 28-11-2020 Working 7 Jawhar Nagar Colony, Metal 6 dt: 24-09-10. 2010 veedu Markapur. Sri A. Venkata Reddy, S/o Ped- 11 Konda Reddy, H.No.1-214- Road 1.00 2040/Q4/09, 01-10- Non- 364(P) Tokapalli dara- Govt.Land 01-10-2010 30-09-2020 8 D2, Revenue Employees Metal 0 dt: 01-10-10. 2010 Working veedu Colony, Markapur. M/s Sainadha Stone Crusher, Determined pro- 11 Road 277/p, 1.32 979/Q/09, dt: 08-10- Non- Prop. M. Srinivasa Reddy, Zuvvaleru Podili Govt.Land 08-10-2009 07-10-2019 posals submitted to 9 Metal 306/p 0 08-10-09. 2009 Working Marrichetlapalem H/o. the DDM&G, Guntur Budawada, Chimakurthy Sri B. Venkata Reddy, S/o Tripu- 12 Nadipi Kasaiah, Nadigad- Road H.B.N Nadigad- 2.02 2153/Q/07, dt: 18-08- rantak Govt.Land 18-08-2008 17-08-2018 Working Applied for Renewal 0 da Village, Tripuranthakam Metal o.VII/P da 3 18-08-08. 2008 am Mandal. M/s. BVSR Constructions Pvt. Limited, Rep. Sri K. Road Ped- 12 Siva Reddy, H.No. 8-2- Met- H.B.N Thokapal- 5.00 1185/Q/2014, 08-01- dara- Govt.Land 08-01-2015 07-01-2025 Working 1 686/B/11/6/1, Plot No. 9, al&Gr o. VIII li 0 dt: 08.01.15 2015 veedu Road No. 12, Banjara Hills, avel Hyderabad - 500 034. M/s. Dilip Buildcon Lim- ited, Rep. Sri D. Ravindra Balaven- 12 Prasad, S/o. Eswara Rao, Road Kani- 6.60 2020/Q/2014, 29-01- Non- Applied for Surren- 86 kata- Govt.Land 29-01-2015 28-01-2025 2 H.No. 301, Jaya Durga Metal giri 9 dt: 29.01.15 2015 Working der puram Residency, Nizampet, Quthubullapur, RR dt

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M/s. Dilip Buildcon Lim- ited, Rep. Sri D. Ravindra Road Kona- 12 Prasad, S/o. Eswara Rao, Met- Kona- 8.09 2025/Q/2014, 31-01- Non- Applied for Surren- 411 kana Govt.Land 31-01-2015 30-01-2025 3 H.No. 301, Jaya Durga al&Gr kanamitla 3 dt: 31.01.15 2015 Working der mitla Residency, Nizampet, avel Quthubullapur, RR dt Sri V. Poli Reddy, S/o Ped- Do- 12 da Anantha Reddy, C/o Slate 120/5 Mangina- 0.96 5208/Q4/201 21-10- na- Govt.Land 21-10-2010 20-10-2020 Working 4 Yamuna Slates, Industrial stone to 8 pudi 3 0 2010 konda Estate, Markapur. Sri M. Venkateswara Red- 308/6 12 dy, S/o Pedda Anki Reddy, Slate Rayava- Marka 3.21 1117/Q/04 01-10- P, Govt.Land 01-10-2014 30-09-2024 Working 5 Bodapadu Village, Marka- stone ram pur 9 dt.19-10-2015 2014 318/P pur Mandal. Smt. D. Vijaya Lakshmi, 660/Q/ADM/0 12 Slate Rayava- Marka 0.72 24-08- D/o Saidulu, Ikkurru Vil- 38/1 Govt.Land 6, dt: 12-06- 24-08-2007 23-08-2017 Working Applied for Renewal 6 stone ram pur 1 2007 lage, Narsaraopeta. 07. M/s Cumbum Mandal Vaddera S. Q. W. L. C. Ltd., 381/1, Renewal granted 12 Slate Rayava- Marka 0.32 2134/Q2/03, 27-09- Non- President: N.P. Aleswamy, 3, Govt.Land 27-09-2003 26-09-2013 and execution 7 stone ram pur 3 dt:25-09-03. 2003 Working Kandulapuram Village, 383/3 pending Cumbum Mandal. Sri A.Shravan Kumar, 6922/Q4/201 12 H.No.16-11-310/15/2, Slate 404/3 Rayava- Marka 1.93 30-12- Govt.Land 1, 30-12-2013 29-12-2023 Working 8 salum Nagar Colony, Ma- stone P,4P,P ram pur 0 2013 Dt:07/01/2013 lakpeta, Hyderbad. Sri T. Srinivasa Reddy, 606/Q/ADM/0 12 Padamatapalli Vilage, H/o Slate 753/2, Gajjala- Marka 1.23 13-07- Non- Govt.Land 4, dt: 23-06- 13-07-2007 12-07-2017 Applied for Renewal 9 Gajjalakonda, Markapur stone 754/3 konda pur 8 2007 Working 07. Mandal. Sri S. Dastagiri, D.No.1- Tar- 13 202K, Dastagiri Complex, Slate 0.70 21/Q4/15, dt: 14-04- 262/P C.R. Palli lu- Govt.Land 14-04-2016 15-04-2026 Working 0 Behind ERO Office, stone 0 27-10-15. 2016 padu Markapur.

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Sri S. Srinivasa Rao, C/o S. Rayapareddy, Ga- Tar- 239/Q/ADM/0 Determined pro- 13 D.No.4-6-188/3, Back Side Slate 2.63 28-01- Non- 1 nugapen- lu- Govt.Land 7, dy: 31-10- 28-01-2008 27-01-2018 posals submitted to 1 to Ganesh Temple, Hanu- stone 2 2008 Working ta padu 07. the DDM&G, Guntur maiah Nagar, Koritapadu, Gunturu. Sri A. Srinivasa Rao, 165/8 Tar- 13 S/o Pandu Ranga Rao, Slate & Gorugun- 0.59 Patta 3434/Q4/08, 12-01- lu- 11-01-2016 10-01-2026 Working 2 D.no. 104, Rama Palace, stone 166/2 talapadu 9 Land dt: 12-10-15. 2006 padu Markapur. P Smt. P. Sri Lakshmi, Tar- Determined pro- 13 W/o Venkateswara Reddy, Slate 165/8, Gorugun- 0.20 Patta 1054/Q4/08, 12-01- Non- lu- 12-01-2006 11-01-2016 posals submitted to 3 H.No.10-104, Jawhar Na- stone 166/2 talapadu 2 Land Dt.19-06-09 2006 Working padu the DDM&G, Guntur gar, Markapur. Sri K. Venkata Reddy, S/o Venkata Reddy, 174,17 Tar- 2677/QA/201 13 Slate Kethagudi 1.50 25-07- Buddapalli V& 5 & lu- Govt.Land 2, 25-07-2010 24-07-2020 Working 4 stone pi 0 2010 Po,Tarlupadu (M), 177 padu dt.11.06.2012 Prakasam Dt. 165/P Sri K.Venu Gopal Reddy, Tar- 13 Slate /145/2 Kethagudi 4.81 4546/Q4/09 21-06- H.no.10/90,Jawahar nagar lu- Govt.Land 21-06-2010 20-06-2020 Working 5 stone p, pi 5 dt: 18-06-10. 2010 colony.Markapur. padu 167/p Sri A. Ch. Seshaiah, S/o Subbarayudu, D.No.7/B- Tar- Determined pro- 13 Slate Kethagudi 1.63 1472/Q4/10, 02-09- NON- 383, Panduranga Swamy 223/p lu- Govt.Land 02-09-2010 01-09-2020 posals submitted to 6 stone pi 2 dt: 02-09-10. 2010 Working Street, Nehru Bazar, padu the DDM&G, Guntur Markapur. 84/4(p Sri K.Bala Venkata Rama- ),7(p), Tar- 13 na,S/o Venkateswar- Slate 8(p),9( Kethagudi 0.73 1977/Q4/10, 22-03- lu- Govt.Land 22-03-2011 21-03-2021 Working 7 lu,D.No.3/212, Rajak Street, stone p) pi 7 dt:29-10-10 2011 padu Markapur and 10(p)

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Sri L. Srinivas, Tar- 13 S/o. Sri Laxminarayana Slate 1.00 1318/Q4/200 08-03- 239/5 C.R. Palli lu- Govt.Land 08-03-2011 Working Applied for Renewal 8 Rao, H.No. 9-216D, Kastu- stone 0 7, dt:09-12-10 2011 padu ribhai Street, Markapur M/s Charitha Impex Prop. P. Venkateswara 7454/Q4/200 13 Slate 209/1 Rayava- Marka 0.75 08-02- Reddy, Near Brahmanna Govt.Land 6, dt. 08-02-2010 07-02-2020 Working 9 stone p,2p ram pur 3 2010 Kalyana mandapam, 28.01.2010 J.N.colomy, Markapur. P.VEL P.VELUGONDA REDDY,s/o 2037/Q/ UGO Govern- Determined pro- 14 chenchu red- Slate 240/8 0.15 1976/q4/2010 2009 Non Work- Individual NDA ment 27-04-2010 26-04-2020 posals submitted to 0 dy,chennareddypalli[vg]tarl stone P, 4 07 Apr 2010 DT:27- ing RED- Land the DDM&G, Guntur upadu[m]prakasm[dt] 04-2010 DY M/s U.B.R.Minerals, Ga- Tripu- 14 Mgp.Sri P.Udaya Bhaskar Iron 23.9 93, dt.31-03- 18-09- 746/2 napava- rantak Govt Land 18-09-10 17-09-30 1 Rao,27-1-1642, Balaji Na- ore 03 2008 10 Non- ram am gar,Nellore-524002. Working Sri S. Sankara Reddy, Tar- 14 M.Het 175/2, 5.91 247,dt.27-08- 21-02- 1/397-1, Court Gollapalli lu- Govt Land 21-02-04 20-02-24 Non- 2 atite 175/3 2 03 04 Road,Kadapa padu Working M/s U.B.R.Minerals, M.Het Tar- 14 Mgp.Sri P.Udaya Bhaskar atite / Meer- 4.16 127,dt.01-06- 30-11- 288/D lu- Govt Land 30-11-09 29-11-29 3 Rao,27-1-1642, Balaji Na- Iron japeta 6 2009 09 Non- padu gar,Nellore-524002. ore Working

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ANNEXURE-II Statement showing the Number of sand reaches and details of dispatches during the last three years pertaining to O/o. Assistant Director of Mines and Geology, Ongole. Permitted Dispatches S.No. Name of the Reach Quantity 2015-16 2016-17 2017-18 1 Maddipadu 4390 - 3040 945 2 Maddiralapadu-I 28000 - 16200 5850 3 Chakrayapalem-I 13000 - 8650 2005 4 Chakrayapalem-II 20000 - 9800 7050 5 Darkanipadu 10350 - 6700 3025 Kollurupadu Raju- 6 42500 - - 6125 palem 7 K. Bitragunta 45475 - 31300 8350 8 Nandipadu 42500 - 20200 9975 9 Ramayapalem 40000 - 26350 6875 10 Chadalavada 43200 - 13200 23125 11 Karavadi 32500 - 18050 7575 12 Mallavaram 20160 - - 3800

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ANNEXURE-I

Statement showing the list of leases for Major and Minor Minerals and details of dispatches during the last three years perta ining to O/o ADM&G ,MARKAPUR

Rev- Lease enue Col- Location Period Production (Dispatches) lections Remarks Name of Extent(In 2015- 2016- 2017- 2017- S.NO the Lessee Mineral SY.No Village Mandal Hects) From To 16 17 18 2015-16 2016-17 18 Sri A. Surendra 28-03- 31-03- 1 Kumar Slate 1469 Nagulavaram Ardhaveedu 0.980 05 15 0 0 0.000 0.000 Smt. A. Sudha 23-07- 22-08- 2 Rani Slate 1469 Nagulavaram Ardhaveedu 1.417 07 12 0 0 0.000 0.000 Smt. A. Sudha 17-09- 22-08- 3 Rani Slate 1469 Nagulavaram Ardhaveedu 3.085 05 12 0 0 0.000 0.000 Sri D. Lak- shmi Na- rayana 07-07- 06-07- 4 Reddy Slate 27/p Ananthavaram Donakonda 4.000 08 18 0 0.000 Sri G. Srinivasula 05-05- 04-05- 5 Reddy Slate 489/2, 491/2 Mallampeta Donakonda 9.563 06 16 2920 0 111236.000 0.000

Sri V. Poli 21-04- 20-04- Reddy 6 Slate 120/5 to 8 Manginapudi Donakonda 0.964 10 20 1600 5050 5000.000 253835.000 760500.000 750000 Sri T. Srini- vasa Red- 13-07- 12-07- 7 dy Slate 753/2, 754/3 Gajjalakonda Markapur 1.238 07 17 650 1700 1600.000 98332.000 306696.000 175500

8 Smt. U. Slate 534/p P. Yachava- Markapur 0.777 17-03- 16-03- 0 0.000

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Vijaya Lak- ram 06 16 shmi Sri A. 404/3p, 4p, Shravan 5p, 6p 30-12- 29-12- 9 Kumar Slate & 7p Rayavaram Markapur 1.930 13 23 1070 3200 265592.000 508077.000 240266 Sri M. Ven- kateswara 308/6p, 01-10- 31-03- 10 Reddy Slate 309/p Rayavaram Markapur 3.219 04 15 7901 2250 3700.000 36644.000 277400.000 455220 Smt. D. Vijaya Lak- 24-08- 23-08- 11 shmi Slate 38/1 Rayavaram Markapur 0.721 07 17 300 1840 300.000 29389.000 277400.000 47204 M/s Cum- bum Man- dal Vaddera SQWLC. 26-09- 25-09- 12 Ltd. Slate 0 Rayavaram Markapur 0.323 13 23 0 0 8994.000 0.000

Sri Sd. Chennar 16-04- 15-04- 13 Dastagiri Slate 262/P Tarupadu 0.700 3500 1900 - 529585 eddypally 16 26 - 283048 M/s Reli- 23-02- 31-03- ance Slate 330/1 to 4 Rayavaram Markapur 3.197 01 15 13 Works Slate 0 0 0.000 0 Smt K. 20-08- 19-08- Naga Lak- 372/p Rayavaram Markapur 2.320 04 14 14 shmi Slate 0 89900.000 M/s Vara- 02-12- 01-12- lakshmi 155/1, 155/2 Rayavaram Markapur 1.255 06 16 15 Enterprises Slate 1100 1620 165058.000 243705 Sri S. 24-06- 23-06- Veera 362/3b Rayavaram Markapur 0.505 08 18 16 Bramham Slate 0 0 0.000 0 23450

M/s Sujja 29-08- 31-03- 351/p Rayavaram Markapur 0.405 Exports 97 15 17 Slate 0 0 0.000 0

18 M/s Chari- Slate 209/1p, 2p Tellapadu Tarlupadu 0.753 08-02- 07-02- 1700 1750 3600.000 214100.000 300523 539555

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ta Impex 10 20

Sri L. Srini- 30-08- 29-08- 239/5p C.R. Palli Tarlupadu 1.000 vas 07 17 19 Slate 1700 1800 700.000 221200.000 271943 112835 Sri P. Velu- 27-04- 26-04- gonda 240/8(P) C.R. Palli Tarlupadu 0.154 10 20 20 Reddy Slate 0 0 9000.000 0 17100

Sri S. Srini- 28-01- 27-01- 1 Ganugapenta Tarlupadu 2.632 vasa Rao 08 18 21 Slate 0 0 0.000 0

Sri A. Srini- 165/8, Goruguntla 12-01- 11-01- Tarlupadu 0.599 vasa Rao 166/2p padu 06 16 22 Slate 2280 3600 4750.000 326227.200 549950 682500

Smt. P. Sri Goruguntla 21-06- 11-01- Lakshmi 23 Slate 165/8, 166/2 padu Tarlupadu 0.202 08 16 0 0 500.000 0

Sri K. Ven- 174, 175, 25-07- 24-07- kata Reddy 24 Slate 177 Ketagudipi Tarlupadu 4.474 10 20 2410 4550 2100.000 470301.000 543184 315411 Sri K.Venugop 165/P,145/2P 21-06- 20-06- 25 al Reddy Slate & 167/P Kethagudipi Tarlupadu 4.815 10 20 1900 4900 5400.000 281682.000 836556 572346

Sri A.Ch. 02-09- 01-09- Seshaiah 26 Slate 223/P Kethagudipi Tarlupadu 1.632 10 20 1100 0 112070.000 0 Sri K.Bala 84/4(p),7(p) Venkata ,8(p),9(p) 22-03- 21-03- 27 Ramana Slate and 10(p) Kethagudipi Tarlupadu 0.737 11 21 1450 2180 900.000 195539.000 344315 134834 M/s Sai Surya Teja 10-02- 09-02- 28 Slates Slate 55/6p T. Cheruvu Tarlupadu 0.477 06 16 0 - 0.000 -

Page 106 of 134

ANNEXURE-I

Statement showing the list of leases for Major and Minor Minerals and details of dispatches during the last three years perta ining to O/o ADM&G MARKAPUR

Lease Peri- Reve- od nue Production (Dis- Collec- Location Ex- patches) tions Remarks tent(I 20 n 17 Name of the Man- Hects 2015- 2016- - 2017- S.NO Lessee Mineral SY.No Village dal ) From To 16 17 18 2015-16 2016-17 18

Sri A. Venkata Road Ardha 26-04- 25-04- 100.0 54485 Reddy 1 Metal 909/p Bogolu veedu 1.000 06 16 0 00 50792 36828 .000 M/s Venka- Besta teswara Con- Road varip- 16-11- 15-11- 666.0 66 50199 2 structions Metal 1/p Undutla eta 1.000 06 16 492 00 6 51850 50596 .000

Sri B. Mallam- Road Cum- 24-02- 23-02- kondu 3 Metal 679/p Lingapuram bum 0.559 12 22 0 0.000 0 0 C.S. Sri D. Tirupa- Road Pu- 22-10- 21-10- 845.0 750.0 thaiah 4 Metal 154/2 Chintalapalem ram 1.000 09 19 190 00 13250 112130 00 C.S. Sri D. Tirupa- Road Pu- 19-03- 18-03- 1330. 236026. thaiah 5 Metal 154/2p Chintalapalem ram 2.000 13 23 332 000 21126 06

M/s NSC Con- Road Dor- 12.14 07-06- 06-06- 4000. stortium 6 Metal 734/p Yadavalli nala 6 07 17 3000 000 226134 744233

Sri A. Lak- Road Dor- 08-01- 07-01- shmaiah 7 Metal 344/p Yadavalli nala 1.000 07 17 0 - 59850 -

8 Sri K.Govardhan Road 346/p Chettireddy Gid- 2.000 11-02- 10-02- 0 1341. 13 182505 100137 10008 Page 107 of 134

Reddy Metal palli dalur 11 21 000 33 5.000

M/s The Ta- karipalem Road Kani- 10-01- 09-01- 9 SQWLCC Ltd. Metal 859 Kanigiri giri 0.728 06 16 0 0.000 8130 0 M/s The Ta- karipalem Road Kani- 10-01- 09-01- 10 SQWLCC Ltd. Metal 1010/1 Kanigiri giri 0.809 06 16 0 0.000 7330 44450 0.000

Sri P. Nagoor Road Kani- 09-12- 08-12- 160.0 12 19277 Saheb 11 Metal 100/1p Kanigiri giri 0.405 04 14 253 00 0 20543 21529 .000

Sri Sk. Chinna Road Kani- 06-08- 05-08- 7100. Duddulu 12 Metal 989/p Kanigiri giri 0.141 08 18 70 0.000 7107 7100 000 M/s Chal- lagirigala VSQS Road Kani- 07-08- 06-08- 10 13 Ltd Metal 1010/1 Kanigiri giri 1.011 08 18 420 100 0 60626 43 52781

Smt. Sk. Road Kani- 30-07- 29-07- 14 Kairoonbee Metal 1009/p Kanigiri giri 0.404 07 17 180 60 60 10647 25690 0

Smt. Sk. Road Kani- 16-08- 31-03- 15 Kairoonbee Metal 1009/p Kanigiri giri 0.303 04 15 0 0 0 0

Smt. Sk. Road Kani- 09-12- 31-03- 16 Kairoonbee Metal 1009/p Kanigiri giri 0.202 04 15 0 120 5625 23300

Road Kani- 19-11- 18-11- 17 Smt. V. Vinod Metal 1009/p Kanigiri giri 0.303 09 19 0 63 30 15091 15350 19690

Road Kani- 10-07- 09-07- 18 Sk. Kasimpeera Metal 1009/p Kanigiri giri 0.789 12 22 0 60 22100 73044

Sri S. Srinivasa Road Yeruvari Kani- 26-05- 25-05- 30 19 Rao Metal 49 palli giri 0.453 09 19 250 320 0 5188 47497 0 M/s Lakshmi Balaji Stone Road Kani- 27-01- 26-01- 20 Crusher Metal 261/5P Ajispuram giri 1.000 10 20 0 0 0 0 46811

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M/s. Dilip Build- Road Balavenkata Kani- 29-01- 28-01- 22898 137080 21 con Limited Metal 86 puram giri 6.609 15 25 3 17381 90 0

Sri T.V. Chenna Road Raju Marri 17-08- 16-08- 10 100000 22 Reddy Metal 121/p palem pudi 2.000 07 17 0 11000 0 0 47661 757

Sri T.V. Chenna Road Raju Marri 06-10- 05-10- 10114 500686 10674 23 Reddy Metal 121/p palem pudi 1.040 09 19 6 0 9 107233 0

M/s Sai Krishna Road Raju Marri 25-04- 24-04- 20 15015 24 Stone Crusher Metal 121/p palem pudi 3.000 08 18 1716 2000 00 182612 150206 6

Sri T.V. Chenna Road Raju Marri 17-08- 16-08- 10 25 Reddy Metal 121/p palem pudi 2.000 07 17 0 1000 0 176558 100150

Sri A.Hussain Dor- 42095 30-12- 29-12- Road Yadavalli 116744 52074 Reddy nala .000 09 19 26 Metal 734/P 4926 2100 2 898643 0

Sri P. Venkata Pamu 42095 18-02- 17-02- Road Inimerla 90 Subbaiah ru .000 08 18 27 Metal 205/p 475 1050 0 50570 100431 67670

Pamu 42075 23-04- 22-04- Sri D. Ravi Babu Road Inimerla 366600 ru .000 14 24 28 Metal 205/2 70120 1100 0 317869

Pamu 42079 02-07- 01-07- Sri D. Ravi Babu Road Inimerla ru .000 14 24 29 Metal 205/2 1800 2260 153000 -

M/s Srinivasa P. Alavala P.C. 42073 20-01- 19-01- Road Stone Crusher padu Palli .000 11 26 30 Metal 947/p 0 0 97550 0

Sri B. Venkata P. Alavala P.C. 42095 22-03- 21-03- Road Satyanarayana padu Palli .000 07 17 31 Metal 976/p 1400 0 15820 0

Sri P.C.P 42095 28-07- 27-07- Road Marella 30 B.Venkateswarlu alli .000 10 20 32 Metal 155/1P 0 250 0 0 72160 57656

P.C.P 42088 10-10- 09-10- Smt. J. Priyanka Road Marella alli .000 12 22 33 Metal 1/p 0 0 25000 0

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Peda Sri S. Venka- 42095 29-09- 28-09- Road Kottapalle ara- 10 30558.6 teswara Reddy .000 10 20 34 Metal 56/p veedu 270 0 0 28446 7 0 Peda Sri A.Venkata 42073 10-01- 09-01- Road Tokapalli ara- Reddy .000 10 20 35 Metal 367/P veedu 250 150 9391 50990

M/s Sainadha Zuvva 42086 08-10- 07-10- Road 277/p, Podili Stone Crusher leru .000 09 19 36 Metal 306/p 0 0 0 0 Tripu- Sri B. Venkata Nadi 42095 18-08- 17-08- Road H.B. ranta 52 Reddy gadda .000 08 18 37 Metal No.VII/p kam 832 980 0 107179 126819 97588

Sri R. Narayana Road Dor- - 01-08- 31-03- 924 38 (Transfer file) Metal 344/P Yadavalli nala 2007 2017 - 100 -

M/s. Hanuman Road Pamu 20 171562 15306 - 39 Stone Crusher Metal 205/2 Inimerla ru - 2260 40 5

Page 110 of 134

ANNEXURE-I

Statement showing the list of leases for Major and Minor Minerals and details of dispatches during the last three years perta ining to O/o ADM&G MARKAPUR

Lease Rev- Period enue Col- Location Production (Dispatches) lections Remarks Name of the Extent(In 2015- 2017- 2017- S.NO Lessee Mineral SY.No Village Mandal Hects) From To 16 2016-17 18 2015-16 2016-17 18 25- Sri A. Venkata Road Ardha 26-04- 04- 54485. Reddy 1 Metal 909/p Bogolu veedu 1.000 06 16 0 100.000 50792 36828 000 M/s Venka- 15- teswara Con- Road Bestavari 16-11- 11- 50199. 2 structions Metal 1/p Undutla peta 1.000 06 16 492 666.000 666 51850 50596 000 23- Sri B. Mallam- Road 24-02- 02- kondu 3 Metal 679/p Lingapuram Cumbum 0.559 12 22 0 0.000 0 0 21- Sri D. Tirupa- Road Chintala C.S. Pu- 22-10- 10- thaiah 4 Metal 154/2 palem ram 1.000 09 19 190 845.000 13250 112130 750.000 18- Sri D. Tirupa- Road Chintala C.S. Pu- 19-03- 03- thaiah 5 Metal 154/2p palem ram 2.000 13 23 332 1330.000 21126 236026.06 06- M/s NSC Con- Road 07-06- 06- stortium 6 Metal 734/p Yadavalli Dornala 12.146 07 17 3000 4000.000 226134 744233 07- Sri A. Lak- Road 08-01- 01- shmaiah 7 Metal 344/p Yadavalli Dornala 1.000 07 17 0 - 59850 - 10- Sri K.Govardhan Road Chettireddy 11-02- 02- 100085. Reddy 8 Metal 346/p palli Giddalur 2.000 11 21 0 1341.000 1333 182505 100137 000

9 M/s The Ta- Road 859 Kanigiri Kanigiri 0.728 10-01- 09- 0 0.000 8130 0 Page 111 of 134

karipalem Metal 06 01- SQWLCC Ltd. 16 M/s The Ta- 09- karipalem Road 10-01- 01- 10 SQWLCC Ltd. Metal 1010/1 Kanigiri Kanigiri 0.809 06 16 0 0.000 7330 44450 0.000 08- Sri P. Nagoor Road 09-12- 12- 19277. Saheb 11 Metal 100/1p Kanigiri Kanigiri 0.405 04 14 253 160.000 120 20543 21529 000 05- Sri Sk. Chinna Road 06-08- 08- 7100. Duddulu 12 Metal 989/p Kanigiri Kanigiri 0.141 08 18 70 0.000 7107 7100 000 M/s Chal- 06- lagirigala VSQS Road 07-08- 08- 13 Ltd Metal 1010/1 Kanigiri Kanigiri 1.011 08 18 420 100 100 60626 43 52781 29- Smt. Sk. Road 30-07- 07- 14 Kairoonbee Metal 1009/p Kanigiri Kanigiri 0.404 07 17 180 60 60 10647 25690 0 31- Smt. Sk. Road 16-08- 03- 15 Kairoonbee Metal 1009/p Kanigiri Kanigiri 0.303 04 15 0 0 0 0 31- Smt. Sk. Road 09-12- 03- 16 Kairoonbee Metal 1009/p Kanigiri Kanigiri 0.202 04 15 0 120 5625 23300 18- Road 19-11- 11- 17 Smt. V. Vinod Metal 1009/p Kanigiri Kanigiri 0.303 09 19 0 63 30 15091 15350 19690 09- Road 10-07- 07- 18 Sk. Kasimpeera Metal 1009/p Kanigiri Kanigiri 0.789 12 22 0 60 22100 73044 25- Sri S. Srinivasa Road Yeruvari 26-05- 05- 19 Rao Metal 49 palli Kanigiri 0.453 09 19 250 320 300 5188 47497 0 M/s Lakshmi 26- Balaji Stone Road 27-01- 01- 20 Crusher Metal 261/5P Ajispuram Kanigiri 1.000 10 20 0 0 0 0 46811

21 M/s. Dilip Build- Road 86 Balavenkata Kanigiri 6.609 29-01- 28- 228983 17381 13708090 0

Page 112 of 134

con Limited Metal puram 15 01- 25 16- Sri T.V. Chenna Road 17-08- 08- 22 Reddy Metal 121/p Rajupalem Marripudi 2.000 07 17 0 11000 100 1000000 47661 757 05- Sri T.V. Chenna Road 06-10- 10- 23 Reddy Metal 121/p Rajupalem Marripudi 1.040 09 19 101146 0 5006869 107233 106740 24- M/s Sai Krishna Road 25-04- 04- 24 Stone Crusher Metal 121/p Rajupalem Marripudi 3.000 08 18 1716 2000 2000 182612 150206 150156 16- Sri T.V. Chenna Road 17-08- 08- 25 Reddy Metal 121/p Rajupalem Marripudi 2.000 07 17 0 1000 100 176558 100150 29- Sri A.Hussain 30-12- Road Yadavalli Dornala 42095.000 12- Reddy 09 26 Metal 734/P 19 4926 2100 1167442 898643 520740 17- Sri P. Venkata 18-02- Road Inimerla Pamuru 42095.000 02- Subbaiah 08 27 Metal 205/p 18 475 1050 900 50570 100431 67670 22- 23-04- Sri D. Ravi Babu Road Inimerla Pamuru 42075.000 04- 14 28 Metal 205/2 24 70120 1100 3666000 317869 01- 02-07- Sri D. Ravi Babu Road Inimerla Pamuru 42079.000 07- 14 29 Metal 205/2 24 1800 2260 153000 - 19- M/s Srinivasa P. Alavala 20-01- Road P.C. Palli 42073.000 01- Stone Crusher padu 11 30 Metal 947/p 26 0 0 97550 0 21- Sri B. Venkata P. Alavala 22-03- Road P.C. Palli 42095.000 03- Satyanarayana padu 07 31 Metal 976/p 17 1400 0 15820 0 27- Sri 28-07- Road Marella P.C.Palli 42095.000 07- B.Venkateswarlu 10 32 Metal 155/1P 20 0 250 300 0 72160 57656

33 Smt. J. Priyanka Road 1/p Marella P.C.Palli 42088.000 10-10- 09- 0 0 25000 0

Page 113 of 134

Metal 12 10- 22 28- Sri S. Venka- Pedaara 29-09- Road Kottapalle 42095.000 09- teswara Reddy veedu 10 34 Metal 56/p 20 270 0 100 28446 30558.67 0 09- Sri A.Venkata Pedaara 10-01- Road Tokapalli 42073.000 01- Reddy veedu 10 35 Metal 367/P 20 250 150 9391 50990 07- M/s Sainadha 08-10- Road 277/p, Zuvvaleru Podili 42086.000 10- Stone Crusher 09 36 Metal 306/p 19 0 0 0 0 17- Sri B. Venkata Tripuranta 18-08- Road H.B. Nadigadda 42095.000 08- Reddy kam 08 37 Metal No.VII/p 18 832 980 520 107179 126819 97588 31- Sri R. Narayana Road - 01-08- 03- 924 38 (Transfer file) Metal 344/P Yadavalli Dornala 2007 2017 - 100 -

M/s. Hanuman Road 171562 - 39 Stone Crusher Metal 205/2 Inimerla Pamuru - 2260 2040 153065

Page 114 of 134

ANNEXURE-I Statement showing the list of leases for Major and Minor Minerals and details of dispatches during the last three years pertaining to O/o ADM&G,MARKAPUR

Leas Reve- Ex- e Pe- nue Re tent(I riod Production (Dis- Collec- mar Name of Location n patches) tions ks S.N the Les- Min- Vil- Man- Hects 2015- 2016- 201 2015- 2016- 2017- O see eral SY.No lage dal ) From To 16 17 7-18 16 17 18 Col- 434/1,2, Ha- Sri D. Ra- 11- our 3 & zis- Kani- 08- 2 jesh Ba- 3.820 08- 0 0 Gran- 437/1,3, pu- giri 08-13 - bu 15 ite 4 ram - Col- Ha- Sri M. 14- our zis- Kani- 15- 2088 1899 3 Issac 436/P 1.841 10- 0 0.000 216022 Gran- pu- giri 10-13 00.00 50.00 Babu 33 ite ram 0 0 M/s Col- Gum Jayasree 21- our mala Pamur 22- 207.2 417.7 393. 4 Gran- 13/P 7.000 11- 707480 Gran- mpa u 11-07 24 52 033 ites(P) 27 9283 7077 ite du Ltd., 81.28 79 Sri P. Col- Ko- C.S 27- 26- 8054 1424 5 61 8.000 0 Naga our ma- Puram 01-17 01- - - 80 88

Page 115 of 134

Srinivasa Gran- tigun- 37 Rao ite ta Col- Ko- Sri. Ch. 15- our ma- C.S 16- 6 Pratap 61 9.932 11- 0 - Gran- tigun- Puram 11-16 - 1000 4558 Reddy 36 ite ta 003 27

Page 116 of 134

ANNEXURE-I Statement showing the list of leases for Major and Minor Minerals and details of dispatches during the last three years pertaining to O/o ADM&G ______

Leas Rev e Pe- enu riod e Col- lec- Production (Dis- tion Name of Location Ex- patches) s Remarks S.N the Les- SY.N Vil- Man- tent(In 201 2016- 2017- 201 201 2017- O see Mineral o lage dal Hects) From To 5-16 17 18 5-16 6-17 18 Sri. P Pulla- mutu- Narsim- 253 lach- 1.629 19- 11- 0.00 kula 1 ha Rao Marble eruvu 10-06 02-14 0 0.000 0 0 0 0.000 Sri. Sk. Indlac Dona- Saidula 4 heruv 1.000 23- 22- 0.00 konda 2 Saheb Marble u 08-05 08-15 0 0.000 0 0 0 0.000

Page 117 of 134

ANNEXURE-I Statement showing the list of leases for Major and Minor Minerals and details of dispatches during the last three years pertaining to O/o ADM&G,MARKAPUR Lease Period Rev enu e Col- lec- Re Production tion mar Location (Dispatches) s ks Ex- 20 20 20 201 S.N Name of the Miner- Man- tent(In 201 16- 17- 201 16- 7- O Lessee al S.No Village dal Hects) From To 5-16 17 18 5-16 17 18 Smt. M. Sar- P.Obinen Bestav 30-09- 29-09- 1 Slate 108 30.608 0 0 0 0 0 0 aswathi nipalli aripeta 2000 2020 Sri P. Venka- 20,21,2 Man- Dona- 04-10- 03-10- 2 Slate 28.486 0 0 0 0 0 0 tapathi 2,etc.., ginapudi konda 1999 2019 Sri P. Venka- 125/1,1 Man- Dona- 04-10- 31-03- 3 Slate 20.235 0 0 0 0 0 0 tapathi 26/1 ginapudi konda 1979 2016 124/1,2 Sri R. Venka- Man- Dona- 18-03- 17-03- 4 Slate 62,263 9.28 0 0 0 0 0 0 taiah ginapudi konda 2002 2022 etc.., M/s Srinivasa Anan- Dona- 19-02- 18-02- 5 Slate 27/p 6.478 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mining Indus- thavaram konda 2004 2024

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tries M/s Lakshmi 265& mallam- Dona- 07-06- 06-06- 6 Mining Indus- Slate 21.983 0 0 0 0 0 0 126 peta konda 2000 2020 tries Sri G. Laksmi Rayava- Marka 09-10- 31-03- 7 Slate 351 49.373 0 0 0 0 0 0 Kumar Reddy ram pur 1979 2016 Sri T. Venka- Rayava- Marka 81 351,41 08-04- 31-03- 46 5775 353 8 teswara Red- Slate ram,Keta pur,Tar 98.137 0 0 57 4 etc.., 1982 2016 80 48 218 dy gudidipi lupadu 74 katagudi- 96 Sri R. Anil Ku- 1,89,19 Tar- 04-04- 31-03- 2360 9 Slate pi,T.Cheru 68.037 0 0 0 70 0 mar Reddy 0 lupadu 2009 2016 00 vu 00 M/s Maruthi 48 Minerals & 83/1,17 T.Cheruv Tar- 17 1907 269 10 Slate 17.65 ##### ##### 0 0 53 Mining Indus- 9 etc.., u lupadu 60 05 152 52 tries Sri Battula Si- Katagudi Tar- 31-03- 11 Slate 161 8.252 ##### 0 0 0 0 0 0 vaji pi lupadu 2016 Sri R.Ch. Kasi Meer- Tar- 08-04- 07-04- 12 Slate 190 36.423 0 0 0 0 0 0 Reddy japeta lupadu 2002 2022 Sri P. Nagi Tar- 28-05- 31-03- 13 Slate 198/3 C.R. Palli 20.243 0 0 0 0 0 0 Reddy lupadu 1984 2016 Sri V. Venu- Bary- J.Krishna Bestav 27-12- 26-12- 14 1/1P 7.915 0 0 0 0 0 0 gopal Reddy tes puram aripeta 2000 2020 Sri S. Sankara Bary- Turimella Cum- 08-04- 07-04- 1052 118 15 755 1.97 0 0 0 0 Reddy tes Section bum 2009 2029 2 856

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Sri M. Ha- Bary- Porma- Cum- 03-11- 02-11- 104 16 401/P 6.656 0 0 0 0 0 fizulla Baig tes milla bum 2003 2023 33 Sri G. Venkata Bary- China Cum- 27-12- 26-12- 17 846 10.324 0 0 0 0 0 0 Reddy tes Cumbum bum 2000 2020 Sri S. Sankara Bary- 22/4,5, Pochama Dona- 31-12- 30-12- 4574 593 18 3.545 0 0 0 0 Reddy tes 2P kkapalli konda 2004 2024 4 5 M/s Srinivasa Bary- 126,06, Rajupa- Ko- 07-11- 31-03- 19 40.728 0 0 0 0 0 0 Mining Co. tes 995 lem marolu 1981 2016 M/s Tiffin Ba- rytes, Asbes- Bary- Gaj- Marka 02-03- 31-03- 294 20 11/1p 2.732 0 0 0 0 0 tos & Paints tes jalkonda pur 1981 2016 994 Ltd., M/s Tiffin Ba- rytes, Asbes- Bary- Gaj- Marka 02-03- 31-03- 971 21 11/2p 0.903 0 0 0 0 0 tos & Paints tes jalkonda pur 1981 2016 13 Ltd., 40 M/s Gayatri Bary- Meer- Tar- 121.45 28-06- 27-06- 7037 99 22 190 0 0 0 Minerals tes japeta lupadu 7 2003 2023 22 83 7 47 Sri Sk. Maha- Boyama- C.S.Pur 29-10- 28-10- 530 23 Quartz 9 3.077 250 0 0 213 24 boob Basha dugu am 2002 2022 33 7 Chin- M/s Geomin napa- C.S.Pur 30-03- 29-03- 1663 24 Quartz 9,10,11 67.086 1750 0 0 0 0 Minerals nayuni- am 2000 2020 79 palli Page 120 of 134

Chin- 35 Sri G. Tiruma- napa- C.S.Pur 12-10- 11-10- 45 8379 10 641 25 lakonda Red- Quartz 51/p,62 16.293 600 0 nayuni- am 2000 2020 50 1 44. 386 dy palli 2 35 Sri Sd. Mastan Eaknam- C.S.Pur 23-12- 22-12- 10 246 26 Quartz 76/2a 14.571 0 0 0 83 Basha puram am 2003 2023 00 583 57 Sri Sd. Mastan Eaknam- C.S.Pur 13-07- 12-07- 9354 27 Quartz 60 38.397 1600 0 0 0 0 Basha puram am 2001 2021 7 46 C.S.Pur 00-01- 08-01- 3757 275 28 Sri T. Malyadri Quartz 114/2 Kottapalli 1.834 0 0 0 66 am 1900 2022 3 10 8 19 C.S.Pur 00-01- 08-01- 1373 125 29 Sri T. Malyadri Quartz 40/p Kottapalli 8.328 0 0 0 68 am 1900 2022 99 000 80 Sri B.R. Mu- kovelam- C.S.Pur 07-03- 06-03- 30 Quartz 318 32.181 0 0 0 0 0 0 ralidhar Rao padu am 2000 2020 78 M/s Kiran Musu- C.S.Pur 09-04- 08-04- 2942 86 31 Global Chem- Quartz 758 13.638 0 0 0 0 nuru am 2003 2023 0 1.2 ical Ltd. 8 M/s Shareef 6,80,68 Musu- C.S.Pur 15-03- 14-03- 32 Quartz 16.26 0 0 0 0 0 0 Minerals 1 nuru am 2001 2021 Sri Sk. Khadar Musu- C.S.Pur 19-04- 18-04- 33 Quartz 757/p 30.821 0 0 0 0 0 0 Basha nuru am 2001 2021 M/s Venga- 23-03- 22-03- 12 31 121 34 Quartz 888 Darsi Darsi 1.789 0 0 0 mamba Min- 2000 2020 20 64 362 Page 121 of 134

erals 7 Sri M. Obula 18-12- 17-12- 35 Quartz 2 Devaram Darsi 16.188 0 0 0 0 0 0 Reddy 2000 2020 Sri Sk. 21/4a,2 Bukkapu- 26-06- 25-06- 36 Quartz Darsi 5.129 0 0 0 0 0 0 Hussain 1/8 ram 2001 2021 Sri K. Hari Ba- Pothava- 20-06- 19-06- 175 37 Quartz 13/2p Darsi 4.717 0 0 0 0 0 bu ram 2009 2029 59 Sri S. Anki 280/9,3 B.Kurapa K.K.Mitl 15-09- 14-09- 38 Quartz 1.246 0 0 0 0 0 0 Reddy 83/p du a 2000 2020 25 Sri P. Subba Jammal- Kani- 27-05- 26-05- 39 Quartz 2/1a 9.109 0 0 0 0 16 0 Rao amadugu giri 2004 2024 48 Sri Ch. Naga Jammal- Kani- 07-07- 07-06- 40 Quartz 341/A1 6.785 0 0 0 0 0 0 Raju amadugu giri 2000 2020 13 Sri E. Vishnu Jammal- Kani- 10-08- 08-09- 8849 41 Quartz 341/1p 5.587 0 0 0 74 0 Babu amadugu giri 2006 2026 8 05 M/s Premier 71 Takkellap Kani- 03-03- 31/3/2 95 47 353 42 Minerals En- Quartz 167 16.187 4760 67 du giri 1998 016 10 00 610 terprises 55 M/s Jyothi 1,67,18 Takkellap Kani- 21-01- 20/1/2 4679 43 Quartz 5.98 0 0 0 0 0 Minerals 6 du giri 2004 024 61 M/s Sai Rohit Takkellap Kani- 22-03- 21/3/2 304 44 Minerals India Quartz 167/p 20.234 0 0 0 0 0 du giri 2002 022 126 (P) Ltd. 45 M/s Rama- Quartz 261/2 Budag- Kani- 17.712 01-02- 31/1/2 0 0 50 0 43 400

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krishna Mines leru giri 2005 025 0 83 218 and Minerals 67 10 Sri D. Ranga Cheerla- Kani- 13-08- 08-12- 12 33 416 46 Quartz 81/1b 17 0 0 49 Reddy dinne giri 2003 2023 00 00 633 50 Sri J. krishna Ko- 23-05- 22/5/2 13 2299 338 47 Quartz 574 Nallkunta 7.722 300 0 0 Reddy marolu 1996 016 00 9 817 Ku- 32 M/s Sai Min- 2,57,25 Deka- 28-09- 27/9/2 48 Quartz riched 32.02 0 0 0 0 83 0 erals 8 nakonda 2002 022 u 04 Sri Ch. Bo- Ku- 24-09- 23/9/2 49 Srimannara- Quartz 227/p danam- riched 20 0 0 0 0 0 0 2001 021 yana padu u Na- Ku- Sri P. Habeeb ma- 12-11- 11-11- 50 Quartz 329/p riched 16.39 0 0 0 0 0 0 khan sivaipu- 2001 2021 u ram Na- Ku- Sri P. Jairami ma- 14/11/200 13/11/ 51 Quartz 389/p riched 27.317 0 0 0 0 0 0 Reddy sivaipu- 0 2020 u ram Sri M. Mohana Muru- P.C.Pal 23/7/2 52 Quartz 216/p 12.545 24/7/2001 0 0 0 0 0 0 Rao gammi li 02 Sri E. Ramesh Muru- P.C.Pal 23/2/2 53 Quartz 319 8.114 24/2/2000 0 0 0 0 0 0 Babu gammi li 020 Smt. T. Udaya Chila- Pamur 27/9/2 39 20 1601 29 424 54 Quartz 12/8p 9.717 28/9/2002 905 Lakshmi mkuru u 022 40 00 00 61 5 Page 123 of 134

66 116 M/s Veenus Dubagun- Pamur 29/9/2 24 55 Quartz 319/p 18.741 30/9/2003 0 0 0 0 546 Minerals ta u 023 00 8 Sri K. Souri Dubagun- Pamur 10-11- 10-10- 56 Quartz 319/p 17.089 0 0 0 0 0 0 Reddy ta u 2003 2022 18 M/s Nishita Pamur 31/3/2 68 593 57 Quartz 807/1 Inimerla 38.862 27/2/1982 0 0 0 0 Minerals u 016 63 730 0 Sri K. Kattakind Pamur 04-09- 04-08- 58 Nageswara Quartz 1 12.46 0 0 0 0 0 0 apalli u 2003 2023 Rao Mala- M/s Gayatri Pamur 04-02- 04-01- 59 Quartz 69 kondapu- 76.487 0 0 0 0 0 0 Minerals u 2005 2025 ram 24 M/s Venkata Mala- 149 Pamur 02-05- 02-04- 66 60 60 Krishna Min- Quartz 69 kondapu- 60.704 0 0 0 172 u 1997 2017 95 61 erals ram 7 3 Smt.Y. Anu Pamur 21/3/2 5460 61 Quartz 540/p Mopadu 20.235 22/3/2000 800 0 0 0 0 radha u 020 7 91 M/s Star 277/1 Pamur 08-01- 31/7/2 90 88 1263 41 978 62 Mines and Quartz to 7 Mopadu 44.117 1600 u 2002 022 00 24 18 71 830 Minerals etc.., 3

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M/s Chettina- 13 127/1b, Motravu- Pamur 26/3/2 18 17 1969 63 du MB-F Hi- Quartz 8.81 27/3/2003 1500 56 0 2b,3b lapadu u 023 00 00 73 Silica Ltd., 04 Nasi- 64 Smt. R. kat- Pamur 21/7/2 567 64 Quartz 40/p 3.734 22/7/2003 0 0 0 0 81 Padmavathi rayamba- u 023 10 0 kam Nasi- Smt. P. Sub- 39/p,40 kat- Pamur 01-12- 01-11- 65 Quartz 110.85 0 0 0 0 0 0 bamma /p rayamba- u 2004 2024 kam M/s Sri Chak- 209/1 Nuthupo- Pamur 29/6/2 132 66 Quartz 47.235 30/6/2004 0 0 0 0 0 ra Minerals to 4 da u 024 754 Sri Ch. Balan- 638,63, Ravigun- Pamur 21/5/2 67 Quartz 23.652 22/5/2003 0 0 0 0 0 0 janeya Reddy 96,etc.., tapalli u 023 66 M/s Jaishree Vaggam- Pamur 26/4/2 79 70 2523 35 525 68 Quartz 1 14.5 27/4/2005 700 Industries Ltd., palli u 025 00 00 54 81. 993 8 Sri K.Subash Balijapa- Pamur 29/5/2 69 Quartz 1 12.501 30/5/2001 0 0 0 0 0 0 Naidu lem u 021 M/s UBR Min- Pothava- Bestav 194.06 06-03- 06-02- 70 Quartz 61 0 0 0 0 0 0 erals ram aripeta 9 2009 2029 M/s Indian 80 Barytes and Manga- Tar- 20/2/2 68 1320 583 71 Quartz 21/p 34.33 21/2/2004 0 0 85 Chemicals likunta lupadu 024 00 73 716 96 Ltd., Page 125 of 134

Lak- 22 Tar- 27/6/2 12 7437 72 Sri Y. Sathish Quartz 34/2 shmak- 4.919 28/6/2008 655 0 85 0 lupadu 028 00 8 kapalli 0 M/s Venga- Lak- 51 Tar- 08-12- 1000 73 mamba Min- Quartz 281 shmak- 25 13/8/1999 0 0 0 88 0 lupadu 2019 00 erals kapalli 69 65 Sri G. Mani- 3813,8 Hussaina Veligan 14/3/2 65 67 1135 19 525 74 Quartz 32.704 15/3/2002 2065 kyala Rao 2,387 puram dla 022 40 00 11 82. 377 9 M/s ABC Min- P.Rallapal Veligan 16/12/200 15/12/ 75 Quartz 466/1p 11.587 0 0 0 0 0 0 erals li dla 0 2020 28 Sri P.G. Issac P.Rallapal Veligan 05-07- 05-06- 27 26 3587 66 76 Quartz 466/1p 13.492 300 0 Newton li dla 2001 2021 15 98 8 29. 1 60 M/s Gandiko- Anu- Rach- 16/6/2 30 9409 600 77 Quartz 732 4 17/6/2009 510 0 74 ta Enterprises manapalli erla 029 0 2 00 8 14/9 67 Sri A. Sam- Jammal- Kani- 15 17 203 78 Quartz 1 15/9/2016 /203 38 bashiva rao amadaka giri 00 00 082 6 25 M/S M.V.K.BROTHE 36 Vedul- Veligan 14/7/2 21 82 624 79 RS INDUS- Quartz 292/1p 13.745 15/7/2016 09 lacheruvu dla 036 00 00 636 TRIES & MIN- 02 ERALS

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Kon- 16 Sri Sk. Yasda- H.M.Pa 11-01- 31/10/ 11 31 1410 141 80 Quartz 222 dareddyp 9.494 3353 40 ni Basha du 2004 2024 00 00 32 835 alli 92 M/s Super Shale Star Slate & and 534/29 P.Yachav Marka 19/4/2 81 5.702 20/4/2006 0 0 0 0 0 0 Pencil Indus- White etc.., aram pur 026 tries Clay Sri Ch. Bala- 1024,1 Pamur 16/6/2 82 Kyanite Inimerla 33.607 17/6/2000 0 0 0 0 0 0 janeya Reddy 03 etc.., u 020 Sri S. Sankar M.Hem 175/2,3 Tar- 20/2/2 9199 238 83 Gollapalli 5.912 ##### 0 0 0 0 Reddy atite &176 lupadu 024 8 20 62 M/s UBR Min- M.Hem Meer- Tar- 84 288/d 4.166 ##### ###### 0 0 0 0 57 0 erals atite japeta lupadu 1 Ga- Tripu- 33 M/s UBR Min- M.Hem 17/9/2 85 746/2 napava- rantak 23.903 ##### 0 0 0 0 87 0 erals atite 030 ram am 44 MS BHAIRAVA MINERALS 838,839, 60 130 86 Quartz Inimerla Pamur 5.395 11-02-2017 11-01-2037 0 0 0 0 PRIVATE LIM- &851 0 380 ITED MS M.V.K. Nasi- BROTHERS IN- 35/1P,2 kat- 38 837 87 Quartz Pamur 3.495 23/12/2017 22/12/2017 0 0 0 0 DUSTRIES 7/3,5,10 rayamba- 0 86 MINERALS kam MS STANLEY Baduguler 13 397 88 MINING COM- Quartz 455/1 Kanigiri 18.622 16/11/2017 15/11/2037 0 0 0 0 u 50 443 PANY PRIVATE Page 127 of 134

LIMITED

Kona- S.NARAYANA 210/7P, Siddava- 25 190 89 Quartz kana- 12.577 31-03-2017 30-03-2037 0 0 0 0 REDDY 8,9 ram 15 580 mitla

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STATEMENT SHOWING THE PARTICULARS OF QUARRY LEASES FOR ROAD METAL & Building Stone Location of the Ex- Grant Lease period Sl area ten Clas- G.O./ Date of Lease Working/ . Name of lessee & Min t sifica- Period Proc’s. Execu- Non- Remarks N address eral Sy. Vil- Man- (in tion of (in No. & tion From To Years) working o. No lage dal Ha land Date ) 4(a 1 2 3 5 6 7 8 10 11 ) 4(b) 4© 9(a) 9(b) 10 Determined Road Sri P.M. Seetha Reddy, Chet- 4184/Q4/20 proposals Met- 346/ Gid- 0.80 Govt.La 21-06- 1 D.No. 6-13-35/1, Gidda- tired- 11, Dt:28- 21-06-2012 20-06-2022 10 Non-Working submitted to al&Gr P dalur 9 nd 2012 lur (V)& (M) dipalli 03-2012 the DDM&G, avel Guntur Sri Sk. Saidula Saheb, Determined 15126/R3(2) S/o. Khasim Saheb, Indlac Do- proposals Mar- 1.00 Patta /2005 23-08- 2 D.No. 29-247, China- 4 heruv na- 23-08-2005 22-08-2025 20 Non-Working submitted to ble 0 Land dt. 10-08- 2005 ganugapalem(V), Ad- u konda the DM&G, 2005 danki(M) Hyderabad Sri A. Venkata Reddy, S/o Konda Reddy, 2040/Q4/09 Road 909/ Bogo- Ardha 1.00 Govt.La 01-10- Applied for 3 H.No.1-214-D2, Reve- , dt: 01-10- 01-10-2010 30-09-2020 10 Working Metal P lu veedu 0 nd 2010 Renewal nue Employees Colo- 10. ny, Markapur. M/s Venkateswara 1221/Q/AD( Constructions, Besta Road On- 1.00 Govt.La MKP)/2005, 16-11- Applied for 4 Mg. Partner: ch. Rami 1/P varip- 16-11-2006 15-11-2016 10 Working Metal dutla 0 nd dt. 2006 Renewal Reddy, Podalakunta- eta 08.02.2006 palli, Giddaluru. SMT.Aruna jyothi Road H.B. Pitikay Besta ,H.no:3-10- Met- 10.0 Govt.La 5039/Q4/20 04-03- 5 NO: aguk- varip- 03-04-2017 03-04-2027 10 Working 4/B,Marreddy nila- al&Gr 00 nd 16,Dt:6/3/7 2017 XIV ka eta yam,Pattabhipuram,3/ avel Page 129 of 134

1,DRM office 2nd gate,Guntur.

Sri D.Tirupataiah, Chin- C.S 2948/Q4/20 Road 154/ 3.00 Govt.La 24-10- 6 S/o. Giddiah, V.R. Na- tala- Pu- 17, dt: 27- 24-10-2017 21-10-2019 2 Working Metal 2P 0 nd 2017 gar, C.S. Puram(V&M) palem ram 07-17. Sri R. Naryana, Yada- 5564/Q4/15 Road 344/ Yada- Dor- 1.00 Govt.La 26-03- Applied for 7 valli Village, Pedda , dt: 28-12- 26-03-2016 08-01-2017 10 Working Metal P valli nala 0 nd 2016 Renewal Dornal Mandal. 2015. M/s N.S.C.Consortium, 662/Q/ADM C/o Samatha Nursing Road 734/ Yada- Dor- 12.1 Govt.La 07-06- Applied for 8 /07, dt:11- 07-06-2007 06-06-2017 10 Working Home, Sri Sailam Metal P valli nala 46 nd 2007 Renewal 04-07. Road, Peda Dornala. A.Hussain Red- dyD.no:2-84,Palukur Road 734/ Yada- Dor- 10.0 Govt.La 1438/Q/09, 30-12- 9 30-12-2009 29-12-2019 10 Working Road,Banaganapalli[m Metal P valli nala 00 nd Dt:30/12/09 2009 ]kurnool[dt] Sri K.Goverdhana Red- Chat- 1 dy,S/o K.Ch.Rami Red- Road 346/ trired- Gid- 2.00 Govt.La 513/Q4/10, 11-02- 11-02-2011 10-02-2021 10 Working 0 dy,H.No.8-127-3- Metal P dy dalur 0 nd dt: 21-11-10. 2011 2,Giddaluru(V&M) palli 360/Q4/201 1 Sk. Khasim Peera, Road Kani- Kani- 0.78 Govt.La 1, 10.07.201 10.07.2012 09.07.2022 10 Working 1 H.No.3-10, Kanigiri Metal giri giri 9 nd dt.07.07.201 2 2 M/s The Takaripalem S.Q.W.L.C.C.Ltd., Presi- 2031/Q/AD 1 Road Kani- Kani- 0.72 Govt.La 10-01- Applied for dent: Sk. Moulali, Ta- 859 M/04, dt: 10-01-2006 09-01-2016 10 Working Metal giri giri 8 nd 2006 Renewal 2 karipalem Village, 27-04-05. Kanigiri. M/s The Takaripalem S.Q.W.L.C.C.Ltd., Presi- 1 Road 101 Kani- Kani- 0.80 Govt.La 30-05- Applied for dent: Sk. Moulali, Ta- 30-05-2006 31-08-2016 10 Working Metal 0/1 giri giri 9 nd 2006 Renewal 3 karipalem Village, Kanigiri.

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Sri S.P. Nagoor Saheb, 3733/Q/AD( S/o Masthan Saheb, 1 Road 101 Kani- Kani- 0.40 Govt.La MKP)/2004, 13-02- H.No.2/35, Potakamuri 09-12-2014 08-12-2024 10 Working Metal 0/1P giri giri 5 nd dt:20.01.201 2015 4 Mastan Street, 2nd 5 Ward, Kanigiri. Sri Sk. Chinna Duddu- 1 lu, S/o Noor Saheb, Road 989/ Kani- Kani- 0.14 Govt.La 06-08- Applied for 993/Q/08, 06-08-2008 05-08-2018 10 Working 5 Devanganagar, Kani- Metal P giri giri 1 nd 2008 Renewal giri. M/s Challagirigala V.S.Q Society Ltd., 5010/Q4/20 1 Road 101 Kani- Kani- 1.01 Govt.La 09-12- Applied for President: V. Raman- 07, dt: 01- 09-12-2007 08-12-2017 10 Working Metal 0/1 giri giri 1 nd 2007 Renewal 6 janeyulu, H.No.2-78, 03-08. Pathvuru, Kanigiri. Smt Sk.Khairun Bee, 2582/Q4/20 1 W/o Hassan Vali, Ta- Road 100 Kani- Kani- 0.40 Govt.La 30-07- 08, dt. 16- 30-07-2007 29-07-2017 10 Working karipalem Village, Metal 9 giri giri 4 nd 2007 7 07-08 Kanigiri Mandal. Smt Sk.Khairun Bee, 4477/Q4/20 1 W/o Hassan Vali, Ta- Road 100 Kani- Kani- 0.20 Govt.La 09-12- 14,Dt:25-03- 09-12-2014 08-12-2024 10 Working karipalem Village, Metal 9/P giri giri 2 nd 2014 8 2015 Kanigiri Mandal. S. Srinivasa Rao, S/o Yeruv 3796/Q4/08 1 Venkateswarlu, Road Kani- 0.45 Patta 26-05- 49 aripal- , d: 06-03- 26-05-2009 25-05-2019 10 Working Tallamalla Village, Po- Metal giri 3 Land 2009 9 li 07. dili Mandal. Smt.V.Vinod, S/o Bala Krishna, D.No.2- 2 Road 100 Kani- Kani- 0.30 Govt.La 1120/Q/09, 19-11- 78/1,Patur, Kanigiri 19-11-2009 18-11-2019 10 Working Metal 9/P giri giri 4 nd dt: 19-11-09. 2009 0 Village and Mandal, Prakasam Dristrict. Sri T.V. Chenna Reddy, 4082/Q/AD 2 S/o Palanki Reddy, Road 121/ Raju- Marrip 2.00 Govt.La 17-08- Applied for M/06, dt: 17-08-2007 16-08-2017 10 Working D.No.8/313, Eastren Metal P palem udi 0 nd 2007 Renewal 1 10-08-07. Street, Markapur.

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Sri T.V. Chenna Reddy, 4399/Q4/15 2 S/o Palanki Reddy, Road 121/ Raju- Marrip 2.00 Govt.La 06-11- Applied for , dt: 19-10- 06-11-2015 16-11-2017 10 Working D.No.8/313, Eastren Metal P palem udi 0 nd 2015 Renewal 2 15. Street, Markapur. M/s Sai Krishna stone crusher, Prop: M. Ven- 2 Road 121/ Raju- Marrip 3.00 Govt.La 25-04- kata Rao, Madalava- 4787/Q/AD( 25-04-2008 24-04-2018 10 working Metal P palem udi 0 nd 2008 3 ripalem Village, Podili MKP)/02, dt. Mandal. 11-04-08 Sri T.V. Chenna Reddy, 7109/Q4/08 2 S/o Palanki Reddy, Road 121/ Raju- Marrip 1.04 Govt.La 06-10- Applied for , dt: 06-08- 06-10-2009 05-10-2019 10 Working D.No.8/313, Eastren Metal p palem udi 0 nd 2009 Surrender 4 09. Street, Markapur. M/s Srinivasa stone Determined P. crusher, 5761/Q4/20 proposals 2 Road 947/ Ala- P.C. 4.13 Govt.La 20-01- Prop: Ch. Nageswara 11, dt. 15- 20-01-2011 19-01-2026 15 Non-Working submitted to Metal P vala- Palli 4 nd 2011 5 Rao, Oguru Village, 12-11 the DDM&G, padu Kandukuru Mandal. Guntur Smt J.Priyanka, W/o Determined Srinivasa Rao, H.No.16- 3841/Q4/20 proposals 2 Road 17/1 Ma- P.C. 0.83 Govt.La 10-10- 6-2, Gurramvaripalem, 11, Dt:26- 10-10-2012 10-09-2022 10 Non-Working submitted to Metal P rella Palli 4 nd 2012 6 Kandukur (V & M), 12-2011 the DDM&G, Prakasam Dt Guntur Sri B.Venkateswarlu, S/o. Krishnaiah, 2744/Q4/10 2 Road 121/ Ma- P.C. 1.15 Govt.La 28-07- Applied for H.No.1-46-1, Anantha , dt. 28-07-2010 27-07-2020 10 Working Metal P rella Palli 0 nd 2010 Surrender 7 sagaram(V), Kanduku- 06.05.2010 ru (V&M). Sri Hanuman Stone 2 Crusher, , D.No.2-68-1, Road 205/ Inim- Pamu 6.33 Govt.La 5324/Q4/20 23-04- 23-04-2014 22-04-2024 10 Working 8 Nuchupoda(V), Metal 2 erla r 8 nd 11 2014 Pamuru(M) Sri D. Ravi Babu, S/o Hanumantha Rao, 2 Road 205/ Inim- Pamu 3.05 Govt.La 2368/Q4/20 02-07- D.No.2-68-1, 02-07-2014 01-07-2024 10 Working Metal 2 erla r 7 nd 14 2014 9 Nuchupoda(V), Pamuru(M) Page 132 of 134

Sri P. Venkatasubbiah, 5592/Q4/07 3 Road Inim- Pamu 1.01 Govt.La 18-02- Applied for S/o Peda Tirumalaiah, 205 , Dt.01-07- 18-02-2008 17-02-2018 10 Working Metal erla r 2 nd 2008 Renewal 0 Pamuru. 09 Sri S. Venkateswara Ped- 5265/Q4/09 3 Reddy, H.No.10/104-8- Road Kotta- 0.50 Govt.La 29-11- 56 dara- , dt: 24-09- 29-11-2010 28-11-2020 10 Working 2, Jawhar Nagar Colo- Metal palle 6 nd 2010 1 veedu 10. ny, Markapur. Sri A. Venkata Reddy, S/o Konda Reddy, Ped- 2040/Q4/09 3 Road 364( Toka- 1.00 Govt.La 01-10- H.No.1-214-D2, Reve- dara- , dt: 01-10- 01-10-2010 30-09-2020 10 Non-Working Metal P) palli 0 nd 2010 2 nue Employees Colo- veedu 10. ny, Markapur. M/s Sainadha Stone Crusher, Determined Prop. M. Srinivasa 277/ proposals 3 Road Zuvva 1.32 Govt.La 979/Q/09, 08-10- Reddy, p,30 Podili 08-10-2009 07-10-2019 10 Non-Working submitted to Metal leru 0 nd dt: 08-10-09. 2009 3 Marrichetlapalem H/o. 6/p the DDM&G, Budawada, Chima- Guntur kurthy Sri B. Venkata Reddy, H.B. S/o Nadipi Kasaiah, Tripu- 3 Road No. Nadig 2.02 Govt.La 2153/Q/07, 18-08- Applied for Nadigadda Village, rantak 18-08-2008 17-08-2018 10 Working Metal VII/ adda 3 nd dt: 18-08-08. 2008 Renewal 4 Tripuranthakam Man- am P dal. M/s. BVSR Construc- tions Pvt. Limited, Rep. Sri K. Siva Reddy, Road H.B. Ped- 1185/Q/201 3 H.No. 8-2- Met- Thoka 5.00 Govt.La 08-01- No. dara- 4, dt: 08-01-2015 07-01-2025 10 Working 686/B/11/6/1, Plot No. al&Gr palli 0 nd 2015 5 VIII veedu 08.01.15 9, Road No. 12, Banjara avel Hills, Hyderabad - 500 034. M/s. Dilip Buildcon Ba- Limited, Rep. Sri D. laven- 2020/Q/201 3 Road Kani- 6.60 Govt.La 29-01- Applied for Ravindra Prasad, S/o. 86 kata- 4, dt: 29-01-2015 28-01-2025 10 Non-Working Metal giri 9 nd 2015 Surrender 6 Eswara Rao, H.No. 301, pu- 29.01.15 Jaya Durga Residency, ram Page 133 of 134

Nizampet, Quthubulla- pur, RR dt

M/s. Dilip Buildcon Limited, Rep. Sri D. Road Ravindra Prasad, S/o. Kona- Kona- 2025/Q/201 3 Met- 8.09 Govt.La 31-01- Applied for Eswara Rao, H.No. 301, 411 kana kana 4, dt: 31-01-2015 30-01-2025 10 Non-Working al&Gr 3 nd 2015 Surrender 7 Jaya Durga Residency, mitla mitla 31.01.15 avel Nizampet, Quthubulla- pur, RR dt Sri V. Poli Reddy, S/o Pedda Anantha Reddy, 120/ Man- Do- 3 Slate 0.96 Govt.La 5208/Q4/20 21-10- C/o Yamuna Slates, 5 to gina- na- 21-10-2010 20-10-2020 10 Working stone 3 nd 10 2010 8 Industrial Estate, 8 pudi konda Markapur. Sri M. Venkateswara 308/ Reddy, S/o Pedda Anki 1117/Q/04 3 Slate 6P, Rayav Marka 3.21 Govt.La 01-10- Reddy, Bodapadu Vil- dt.19-10- 01-10-2014 30-09-2024 10 Working stone 318/ aram pur 9 nd 2014 9 lage, Markapur Man- 2015 P dal. Smt. D. Vijaya Lakshmi, 660/Q/ADM 4 Slate Rayav Marka 0.72 Govt.La 24-08- Applied for D/o Saidulu, Ikkurru 38/1 /06, dt: 12- 24-08-2007 23-08-2017 10 Working stone aram pur 1 nd 2007 Renewal 0 Village, Narsaraopeta. 06-07. M/s Cumbum Mandal Vaddera S. Q. W. L. C. 381/ Renewal 2134/Q2/03 4 Ltd., President: N.P. Slate 1,3, Rayav Marka 0.32 Govt.La 27-09- granted and , dt:25-09- 27-09-2003 26-09-2013 10 Non-Working Aleswamy, Kandulapu- stone 383/ aram pur 3 nd 2003 execution 1 03. ram Village, Cumbum 3 pending Mandal. Sri A.Shravan Kumar, 6922/Q4/20 404/ 4 H.No.16-11-310/15/2, Slate Rayav Marka 1.93 Govt.La 11, 30-12- 3P,4 30-12-2013 29-12-2023 10 Working salum Nagar Colony, stone aram pur 0 nd Dt:07/01/20 2013 2 P,P Malakpeta, Hyderbad. 13 Sri T. Srinivasa Reddy, 753/ Gaj- 606/Q/ADM 4 Slate Marka 1.23 Govt.La 13-07- Applied for Padamatapalli Vilage, 2,75 jala- /04, dt: 23- 13-07-2007 12-07-2017 10 Non-Working stone pur 8 nd 2007 Renewal 3 H/o Gajjalakonda, 4/3 konda 06-07.

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Markapur Mandal.

Sri S. Dastagiri, D.No.1- Tar- 4 202K, Dastagiri Com- Slate 262/ C.R. 0.70 Govt.La 21/Q4/15, 14-04- lu- 14-04-2016 15-04-2026 10 Working plex, Behind ERO Of- stone P Palli 0 nd dt: 27-10-15. 2016 4 padu fice, Markapur. Sri S. Srinivasa Rao, Determined C/o S. Rayapareddy, Ga- Tar- 239/Q/ADM proposals 4 D.No.4-6-188/3, Back Slate 2.63 Govt.La 28-01- 1 nugap lu- /07, dy: 31- 28-01-2008 27-01-2018 10 Non-Working submitted to Side to Ganesh Tem- stone 2 nd 2008 5 enta padu 10-07. the DDM&G, ple, Hanumaiah Nagar, Guntur Koritapadu, Gunturu. Sri A. Srinivasa Rao, 165/ Goru- Tar- 3434/Q4/08 4 S/o Pandu Ranga Rao, Slate 8 & gun- 0.59 Patta 12-01- lu- , dt: 12-10- 11-01-2016 10-01-2026 10 Working D.no. 104, Rama Pal- stone 166/ tala- 9 Land 2006 6 padu 15. ace, Markapur. 2P padu Smt. P. Sri Lakshmi, Determined 165/ Goru- W/o Venkateswara Tar- 1054/Q4/08 proposals 4 Slate 8, gun- 0.20 Patta 12-01- Reddy, H.No.10-104, lu- , Dt.19-06- 12-01-2006 11-01-2016 10 Non-Working submitted to stone 166/ tala- 2 Land 2006 7 Jawhar Nagar, Marka- padu 09 the DDM&G, 2 padu pur. Guntur Sri K. Venkata Reddy, 174, 2677/QA/20 S/o Venkata Reddy, Tar- 4 Slate 175 Ketha 1.50 Govt.La 12, 25-07- Buddapalli V& lu- 25-07-2010 24-07-2020 10 Working stone & gudipi 0 nd dt.11.06.201 2010 8 Po,Tarlupadu (M), padu 177 2 Prakasam Dt. 165/ Sri K.Venu Gopal Red- P/14 Tar- 4 dy, H.no.10/90,Jawahar Slate 5/2p Ketha 4.81 Govt.La 4546/Q4/09 21-06- lu- 21-06-2010 20-06-2020 10 Working nagar colo- stone , gudipi 5 nd dt: 18-06-10. 2010 9 padu ny.Markapur. 167/ p Sri A. Ch. Seshaiah, Determined Tar- 1472/Q4/10 5 S/o Subbarayudu, Slate 223/ Ketha 1.63 Govt.La 02-09- proposals lu- , dt: 02-09- 02-09-2010 01-09-2020 10 NON-Working D.No.7/B-383, Pan- stone p gudipi 2 nd 2010 submitted to 0 padu 10. duranga Swamy the DDM&G,

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Street, Nehru Bazar, Guntur Markapur.

84/4 (p),7 Sri K.Bala Venkata (p),8 Tar- 5 Ramana,S/o Venka- Slate (p),9 Ketha 0.73 Govt.La 1977/Q4/10 22-03- lu- 22-03-2011 21-03-2021 10 Working teswarlu,D.No.3/212, stone (p) gudipi 7 nd , dt:29-10-10 2011 1 padu Rajak Street, Markapur and 10(p ) Sri L. Srinivas, S/o. Sri Laxminarayana Tar- 1318/Q4/20 5 Slate 239/ C.R. 1.00 Govt.La 08-03- Applied for Rao, H.No. 9-216D, lu- 07, dt:09-12- 08-03-2011 5 Working stone 5 Palli 0 nd 2011 Renewal 2 Kasturibhai Street, padu 10 Markapur M/s Charitha Impex Prop. P. Venkateswara 209/ 7454/Q4/20 5 Reddy, Near Brah- Slate Rayav Marka 0.75 Govt.La 08-02- 1p,2 06, dt. 08-02-2010 07-02-2020 10 Working manna Kalyana man- stone aram pur 3 nd 2010 3 p 28.01.2010 dapam, J.N.colomy, Markapur. P.VELUGONDA RED- P.VEL Determined Gov- 2037/Q/2 DY,s/o chenchu red- UGO 1976/q4/20 proposals 5 Slate 240/ Indi- 0.15 ern- 009 dy,chennareddypalli[vg NDA 10 07 Apr 27-04-2010 26-04-2020 10 Non Working submitted to stone 8P, vidual 4 ment DT:27-04- 4 ]tar- RED- 2010 the DDM&G, Land 2010 lupadu[m]prakasm[dt] DY Guntur

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10. References

. APSAC (2017a) Identification of potential sites for aquaculture development in coastal districts of Andhra Pradesh using high resolution satellite data, Project Report, 191p. . APSAC (2017b) Ground Water Quality Mapping of Andhra Pradesh, Technical Report, 40p. . CGWB (2013) Ground Water Brochure, Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh, Min- istry of Water Resources, Government of India. . DES (2016) Hand Book of Statistics, Prakasam District, Chief Planning Officer, Ongole. . DMG (2016 ) District Survey Report, Prakasam District. . Bhuvan portal, NRSC, ISRO. . www.wiienvis.nic.in . Geological Survey of India (GSI) (2000) District Resource Map, Krishna Dis- trict, Andhra Pradesh . NRSA (2006) Manual of National Land Use Land Cover Mapping Using Multi- Temporal Satellite Data. National Remote Sensing Centre, Department of Space, Government of India, Hyderabad. . NRSA (2007) Ground Water Prospects Mapping Using Remote Sensing Techniques and Geographic Information System, Rajiv Gandhi National Drinking Water Mission Project, Phase-III, Manual, 222p. . NRSC (2009) Space Based Information Support for Decentralized Planning (SIS-DP), Manual, 214p. . NRSC (2011) Ground Water Quality Mapping (RGNDWM), Methodology Man- ual, 75p.

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