DNA Barcode Dos Gêneros Schlotheimia Brid. E Macromitrium Brid

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DNA Barcode Dos Gêneros Schlotheimia Brid. E Macromitrium Brid INSTITUTO DE CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS DEPARTAMENTO DE BOTÂNICA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM BOTÂNICA DNA Barcode dos Gêneros Schlotheimia Brid. e Macromitrium Brid. para o Brasil DAIANE VALENTE VALENTE Brasília, fevereiro de 2020. 0 INSTITUTO DE CIÊNCIAS BIOLÓGICAS DEPARTAMENTO DE BOTÂNICA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM BOTÂNICA DNA Barcode dos Gêneros Schlotheimia Brid. e Macromitrium Brid. para o Brasil DAIANE VALENTE VALENTE Tese de doutorado apresentada ao Programa de Pós- graduação em Botânica como requisito para obtenção do título de Doutor em Botânica, junto ao Departamento de Botânica do Instituto de Ciências Biológicas da Universidade de Brasília. ORIENTADOR: DR. PAULO EDUARDO A. S. CÂMARA Brasília, fevereiro de 2020. 1 DNA Barcode dos Gêneros Schlotheimia Brid. e Macromitrium Brid. para o Brasil BANCA EXAMINADORA Prof. Dr. Paulo Eduardo Aguiar Saraiva Câmara Presidente da banca – Universidade de Brasília Prof. Dr. Diego Knop Henriques Membro da banca – Universidade de Brasília Prof. Dr. Marcelo Fragomeni Simon Membro da banca – Embrapa Recursos Genéticos e Biotecnologia – Cenargen Prof. Dr. Luciano Coêlho Milhomens Fonsêca Membro da banca – Universidade Católica de Brasília – UCB Prof. Dra. Cássia Beatriz Rodrigues Munhoz Membro da banca – Universidade de Brasília 2 AGRADECIMENTOS Agradeço ao meu Pai Guilherme Valente, por todo amor, carinho e dedicação de uma vida. Agradeço ao meu querido orientador Prof. Dr. Paulo Câmara, por todo apoio, amizade, incentivo e orientação no decorrer de todo o processo. Aprendi muito com você, não só o aprendizado científico, mas sobre o tipo de profissional que almejo ser. Obrigada por todos os conselhos, tenho muito orgulho de você! Agradeço ao Prof. Dr. Michael Stech pelo acolhimento na Holanda, aprendizado e auxílio durante o doutorado sanduíche. Agradeço ao Dr. Denilson Fernandes Peralta pela imensa ajuda no decorrer desse trabalho, não medindo esforços, sempre disposto a ajudar. Agradeço a Prof. Cassia Munhoz por todo esforço, dedicação, eficiência, e incentivo. Foi uma pessoa que me instigou a fazer o melhor no decorrer de todo processo. Agradeço às minhas colegas Julia Mundim pelo acolhimento e imensa ajuda durante o início do doutorado e a Tamara Dantas pela ajuda, parceria, disponibilidade, sempre disposta a compartilhar seus conhecimentos. Agradeço ao Prof. Dr. Diego Knop por sempre estar disponível para ajudar, sempre muito solícito. Agradeço aos meus colegas de Laboratório Abel Soares, Allan Laid, Amanda Leal, Amanda Marinho, Carla Gomes, Eduardo Amorim, Julia Mundim, Tamara Dantas, Diego Knop e Poliana Teixeira, pela parceria, companheirismo, risadas e momentos de descontração. Agradeço aos meus irmãos de coração Amanda Leal e Eliel Amaral por todo cuidado, amizade, amor e carinho durante o tempo em que compartilhamos nossas vidas. 3 Agradeço ao Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico – CNPq, pelo fomento da Bolsa de Doutorado Sanduíche no exterior (SWE). Agradeço a Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior CAPES pela bolsa durante o período de realização do doutorado. Agradeço aos Herbários BM, E, G, GOET, ICN, L, MBM, NY, PACA, PC, R, RB, SP e seus respectivos curadores pelo empréstimo e disponibilidade do material para observação. Agradeço a Dra. Silvia Pressel e Joanna Wilbraham do Museu de História Natural de Londres pela doação das sequências da espécie typus do gênero Macromitrium. Agradeço aos membros das bancas de qualificação e defesa final por suas contribuições para a melhoria desse trabalho. A todos que contribuíram de alguma forma para a realização desse trabalho, muito obrigada! 4 SUMÁRIO LISTA DE FIGURAS ........................................................................................................ 7 LISTA DE TABELAS/APÊNDICES ................................................................................ 10 RESUMO ............................................................................................................................ 13 ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................... 14 1 INTRODUÇÃO ............................................................................................................. 15 1.1 Referências .................................................................................................................... 17 2 OBJETIVOS ................................................................................................................... 20 2.1 Objetivo Geral ................................................................................................... 20 2.2 Objetivos específicos ......................................................................................... 20 3 CAPÍTULO I - DNA barcoding of tropical mosses: a case study of the Brazilian species of Schlotheimia Brid. (Bryophyta, Orthotrichaceae) ..................................................... 21 3.1 Abstract .............................................................................................................. 22 3.2 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 23 3.3 Materials and Methods ...................................................................................... 25 3.4 Results ................................................................................................................ 27 3.5 Discussion .......................................................................................................... 29 3.6 Acknowledgments .............................................................................................. 33 3.7 References .......................................................................................................... 33 4 CAPÍTULO II – Taxonomic Notes and new synonyms on Brazilian Macromitrium Brid. (Bryophyta, Orthotrichaceae) .......................................................................................... 51 4.1 Abstract .............................................................................................................. 52 4.2 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 53 4.3 Materials and Methods ...................................................................................... 54 4.4 Results ............................................................................................................... 54 4.5 Good species for Brazil ..................................................................................... 55 4.6 Species of Macromitrium transferred to another genera ................................... 62 4.7 Types not seen.................................................................................................... 65 4.8 Excluded names from Brazilian flora ................................................................ 67 4.9 Acknowledgments ............................................................................................. 69 4.10 References ....................................................................................................... 69 5 CAPÍTULO III – Macromitrium Brid. (Bryophyta, Orthotrichaceae) in Brazil: A Molecular Approach .......................................................................................................... 74 5 5.1 Abstract .............................................................................................................. 75 5.2 Introduction ........................................................................................................ 76 5.3 Materials and Methods ...................................................................................... 77 5.4 Results ................................................................................................................ 80 5.5 Discussion .......................................................................................................... 82 5.6 Taxonomic Treatment ........................................................................................ 87 5.7 Acknowledgments .............................................................................................. 90 5.8 References .......................................................................................................... 90 6 CONSIDERAÇÕES FINAIS ......................................................................................... 115 6 LISTA DE FIGURAS Capítulo I Figura 1 − Phylogram obtained from Bayesian inference (BI) based on combined trnL-F + trnG-R + ITS sequences of 29 specimens of Schlotheimia, including indels coded by simple indel coding. Bootstrap support (BS) values for neighbour-joining (NJ), maximum parsimony (MP), and maximum likelihood (ML) as well as posterior probabilities (PP) for Bayesian inference are shown at the branches. Results of analyses of single markers and combinations are summarized by coloured squares. The absence of a coloured square means no support or clade not resolved for that marker. Numbers inside them represent BS ≥ 95% for 1 - (NJ), 2 - (MP) and 3 - (ML), and PP ≥ 0.95 for 4 - (BI). ABGD species clusters (coloured lines) and Pmax-values are shown next to the species names. // indicates a clade length of 50% of its original size ......................................................................................................................... 40 Figura 2 − Ancestral character state reconstruction of four morphological characters
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