Tourism and Indigeneity in the Arctic TOURISM and CULTURAL CHANGE
Total Page：16
File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb
Tourism and Indigeneity in the Arctic TOURISM AND CULTURAL CHANGE Series Editors: Professor Mike Robinson, Ironbridge International Institute for Cultural Heritage, University of Birmingham, UK and Dr Alison Phipps, University of Glasgow, Scotland, UK. Understanding tourism’s relationships with culture(s) and vice versa, is of ever-increasing significance in a globalising world. TCC is a series of books that critically examine the complex and ever-changing relation- ship between tourism and culture(s). The series focuses on the ways that places, peoples, pasts, and ways of life are increasingly shaped/transformed/ created/packaged for touristic purposes. The series examines the ways tour- ism utilises/makes and re-makes cultural capital in its various guises (visual and performing arts, crafts, festivals, built heritage, cuisine etc.) and the multifarious political, economic, social and ethical issues that are raised as a consequence. Theoretical explorations, research-informed analyses, and detailed historical reviews from a variety of disciplinary perspectives are invited to consider such relationships. Full details of all the books in this series and of all our other publications can be found on http://www.channelviewpublications.com, or by writing to Channel View Publications, St Nicholas House, 31-34 High Street, Bristol BS1 2AW, UK. TOURISM AND CULTURAL CHANGE: 51 Tourism and Indigeneity in the Arctic Edited by Arvid Viken and Dieter K. Müller CHANNEL VIEW PUBLICATIONS Bristol • Blue Ridge Summit Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress. Names: Viken, Arvid, editor. Title: Tourism and Indigeneity in the Arctic/Edited by Arvid Viken and Dieter K. Müller. Description: Bristol, UK; Blue Ridge Summit, PA: Channel View Publications, [2017] | Series: Tourism and Cultural Change: 51 | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2016054817| ISBN 9781845416096 (hbk : alk. paper) | ISBN 9781845416119 (epub) | ISBN 9781845416126 (kindle) Subjects: LCSH: Tourism–Arctic Regions–Sociological aspects. | Tourism–Economic aspects–Arctic Regions. | Arctic peoples. Classification: LCC G155.A726 T68 2017 | DDC 338.4/79109113--dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016054817 British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data A catalogue entry for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN-13: 978-1-84541-609-6 (hbk) Channel View Publications UK: St Nicholas House, 31-34 High Street, Bristol BS1 2AW, UK. USA: NBN, Blue Ridge Summit, PA, USA. Website: www.channelviewpublications.com Twitter: Channel_View Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/channelviewpublications Blog: www.channelviewpublications.wordpress.com Copyright © 2017 Arvid Viken, Dieter K. Müller and the authors of individual chapters. All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the publisher. The policy of Multilingual Matters/Channel View Publications is to use papers that are natural, renewable and recyclable products, made from wood grown in sustainable forests. In the manufacturing process of our books, and to further support our policy, preference is given to printers that have FSC and PEFC Chain of Custody certification. The FSC and/or PEFC logos will appear on those books where full certification has been granted to the printer concerned. Typeset by Deanta Global Publishing Services Limited. Printed and bound in the UK by the CPI Books Group Ltd. Printed and bound in the US by Edwards Brothers Malloy, Inc. Contents Contributors ix Preface xv Part 1: Conceptualizing Arctic Indigeneity and Tourism 1 Indigenous Tourism in the Arctic 3 Dieter K. Müller and Arvid Viken 2 Indigeneity and Indigenous Tourism 16 Arvid Viken and Dieter K. Müller 3 Images of the Northern and ‘Arctic’ in Tourism and Regional Literature 33 E. Carina H. Keskitalo 4 Orientalism or Cultural Encounters? Tourism Assemblages in Cultures, Capital and Identities 50 Britt Kramvig Part 2: Arctic Contestations; Resourcification of Indigenous Landscapes 5 Sami Tourism at the Crossroads: Globalization as a Challenge for Business, Environment and Culture in Swedish Sápmi 71 Dieter K. Müller and Fredrik Hoppstadius 6 Tourist Hegemonies of Outside Powers: The Case of Salmon Fishing Safari Camps in Territories of Traditional Land Use (Kola Peninsula) 87 Yulian Konstantinov v vi Contents 7 Empowering Whom? Politics and Realities of Indigenous Tourism Development in the Russian Arctic 105 Albina Pashkevich 8 Destination Development in the Middle of the Sápmi: Whose Voice is Heard and How? 122 Seija Tuulentie 9 Culture in Nature: Exploring the Role of ‘Culture’ in the Destination of Ilulissat, Greenland 137 Karina M. Smed Part 3: Touristification of the Arctic – Indigenous Wrapping 10 Peripheral Geographies of Creativity: The Case for Aboriginal Tourism in Canada’s Yukon Territory 157 John S. Hull, Suzanne de la Barre and Patrick T. Maher 11 Sport and Folklore Festivals of the North as Sites of Indigenous Cultural Revitalization in Russia 182 Vladislava Vladimirova 12 Indigenous Hospitality and Tourism: Past Trajectories and New Beginnings 205 Gro B. Ween and Jan Åge Riseth Part 4: Tourism Negotiating Sami Traditions 13 What Does the Sieidi Do? Tourism as a Part of a Continued Tradition? 225 Kjell Olsen 14 Sami Tourism in Northern Norway: Indigenous Spirituality and Processes of Cultural Branding 246 Trude Fonneland Contents vii 15 Respect in the Girdnu: The Sami Verdde Institution and Tourism in Northern Norway 261 Gaute Svensson and Arvid Viken Part 5: Epilogue 16 Toward a De-Essentializing of Indigenous Tourism? 281 Dieter K. Müller and Arvid Viken Index 290 Contributors Suzanne de la Barre, PhD, is a faculty member with the Department of Recreation and Tourism Management, Vancouver Island University (Canada). She holds an adjunct position at Yukon College (Canada) and is a Research Associate with the Department of Geography and Economic History, Umeå University (Sweden). Her research uses place-based approaches to investi- gate change in peripheral regions, with a focus on northwestern and Arctic Canada. More specifically, her interests examine economic diversification, the cultural and creative sectors, tourism, community development and the role of social innovation in remote and rural areas. Trude Fonneland is currently Professor in the Department of Culture Studies at Tromsø Museum, at UiT – The Arctic University of Norway. Her research interests revolve around contemporary religion in society, particu- larly Sami shamanism, tourism and popular culture. Her dissertation (2010) focused on the developments of modern Sami shamanism in Norway. She is also the author of several scholarly articles on the subject. Her latest pub- lications include Nordic Neoshamanisms (2015: editor together with Siv Ellen Kraft and James Lewis). Fredrik Hoppstadius is a PhD student in human geography at the Department of Geography, Media and Communication, Karlstad University, Sweden, where he is also affiliated with The Centre for Research on Region Building (CRS). Hoppstadius is working on a thesis on ecotourism and sustainable development in biosphere reserves. Before joining Karlstad University, he worked as a project assistant at Umeå University on issues of Sami tourism and northern development. John S. Hull is an Associate Professor of Tourism Management at Thompson Rivers University in British Columbia, Canada, and a Visiting Professor at Buskerud and Vestfold University College, Norway and at the Harz University of Applied Sciences, Germany. He is also a member of the New Zealand Tourism Research Institute. His research addresses the sus- tainability of tourism planning and destination development in peripheral ix x Contributors and rural regions. He has worked internationally with the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (UNCBD) on their tourism, technology and indigenous communities workshops in the Arctic and South Pacific, and with the Greenlandic Tourism and Business Council on strategies for cruise ship tourism. He has also consulted with First Nations in Newfoundland and Labrador, New Brunswick, Quebec, Alberta, British Columbia and the Northwest Territories in Canada. E. Carina H. Keskitalo is Professor of Political Science at the Department of Geography and Economic History, Umeå University. Her research focus is on regional and environmental policy development under conditions of societal and environmental change (among other climate change adapta- tion and globalization issues). She is the scientific coordinator of the Mistra Arctic Sustainable Development program, Sweden’s first social sciences and humanities program on the Arctic. Yulian Konstantinov is a Social Anthropologist with a background in theoretical linguistics. He is known for his work in minority studies, post- socialist informal economies and, since 1994, with reindeer herding commu- nities in the Russian Far North (Kola Peninsula). Currently, Konstantinov holds the position of Research Professor at the Department of Archaeology and Social Anthropology, University of Tromsø, Norway. Recent publica- tions include: Conversations with Power: Soviet and Postsoviet Developments in the Reindeer Husbandry Part of the Kola Peninsula and Socio-economic Developments in Murmansk Region: The Insiders’ Point of View (with Inna Ryzhkova, eds). Britt Kramvig is Professor at the Department of Tourism and Northern Studies at UiT – The Arctic University of