mr .- • ~~" , X X" .-~ , I /r ~ .~

.-t',

,4

.... I;

M INION OF CANADA

• ~ 1,4ON7

• • ~l_T LAKE CITY CHICAGO " ~HII.A0. [- . .

/ i =O . KansasCity. . .

. • .... ' .

• . . . /

MEXICO - ....

,:j ~ C~J " , 4

:;~h_ ~

j ,::

=;. - " . : .. No. 5--July, 1922 :

~" ; .. Imperative commandments. 102. Hazrat~Nur-ud-Din. 101. 7 What the master-prophet says. 103. Hafiz Nasir:Ahmad. II0. = " From the writings of :he Promised Messiah. 104. Sheik Abroad Deen, 119. A challenge to the christian World. I03. Press notices. I16. e - :;~ Shaikh Abdullah Allah Din (J. L. Mott). IlL " . 108. Jesus d~cl not die on the cross- 106. New converts, 115. :~:J; •"" Real Enemies of the Bible. 109. . Significant sayings.-123. ~%<~" - My Allah is calllng me. 120. Blind west. II0. "~":~ ::• " Ahmadia News abroad, 113. Christian Atrocities. 120. .~'~-~.~ C" ". A prayer, for the Sunrise. 106. A message, 121. ...:., .:~ How to join the Movement. ....114. " Pope's letter. 113. " •

=: A Quarterly Magazine . " "~ "-" :~!*~ Annual Subscription, $1.00 (England. 51.. India Rs. 5/-) Single Copy 9~c .=.~~ ,~

":~ Published by DR. M. M. SADIQ, 4448 Wabash Ave., Chicago, IlL, U. S. Amer. ::-~ [

" ~~N[]NN_[][][]NNNN[]NN@N,~N!VNN[][] [] [] Ahmaclia Movement . : .. [] " -iN ~--in-- " " [] [] .. :- - - -. -IN [] [] [] Founded byHis Hazrat--tile 1~. [] , ,HolY Reformer of the Day.to fulfil the .[-~ prophecies made by ~ [] " [] The MASTER, PROPHET MUHAMMAD ~ [] [] . (on whom be peac.e and h!essings-of Allah) [] [] Ahout the appearance of a Messiah and Mehdi in the latter-days Out 0f tlie Moslems-- " "... []. [] 1st Successor to the .Promised Mess lah--His Haz- IN_ [].- rat, MauM Hakeem NUR-UD-DIN, of Blessed Mere. [--N [] ol,y.(Allah be pleased.withhim).- - : : - [] [] " Pi-esent Leadei: Of tlae Ahmadia Comnmnit;¢:iHis [].i Hazrat Mirza Basiieer-ud-Din I~IAH~r JD Af-IMAD: [] )lay Allah-be his hel l) ever and ever: - - ..... -[] [] [] [] . " Head Quarters:--Oadian, Punjal), India. i .i . ' 13ranch~s:'A!i. ove r ' India, -Burma, .C@10ni 'in [] [] China, Australia, Mesopotamia, Pm:siit, Arabia; EgYpt. -V~ East Africa,: MaUritius, \Vest Africa; Engiand~ and N [] United States. [] [] Missionaries.--London, 63 Meh'0se Road S. W. 18. [] [] Mr. Muhaik Ali B? A. • - [] [] Eg3'pt:; Shaikh Mahmud Ahmad: .._' . . . . [] [] []. -[]. \Vest Africa!"Professor A." R. Nayyar Phil: B.; - [] [] F. P.C. (Lond:-) M.S.P. ' [] [] Gold Cpast:--MauM Fazlur Rahman Hakeem. [] [] Australia:--H. M,- Khan =--Mauritius.,'Maulvi; [] [] Hafiz Glmlam AIuhammad"0 I3. A. and Hafiz Obaidul- [~_ 1~ lah.. ' [-~ [~ "j: Ameriea:bDr. Mufti Muhamnaad ~ Sadi([: ..[--~ -, [] China :--Mr. Ghulam Mujtaba. . " " - - ' "; " [--~.. i l~[] l~ekr SingapUr.Yoosuf. . I-fakim Rahmat Ali, Jedda ~. ....Aboo-. [][] ~li

[] Ahmadia 3I(,vement in Lagos, West Africa. 62 Banga- I--~i .--1 [] :hose St. " ' - " •..:[]" [] " IN: [] .Slogan'l UJill keep my Faith above: the worM; [] •. R' ' . " [] THE Mo slem S unrise ~I~q~!!I~IIi!il]!~IiE~I~II~iIIillI~!~lI~ItI~l~1IItII!!H~i!~tI~1Il~ijI~Ili~ri~l!l]~I!~l!~t~Ii1~i!!l~i~t1!~!~!!Ilii!~I!II~~[E~!i!rI!I!~I~rII!!IiI~II~!~t[~!ll~!IIE~I~I1l~i~[[~I~tIt~l~I]i[Iur~I~u~lI!~tI~III~I~l~ll~t~!~WI]lIitI~ll~I~I~I~ 4448 WABASH AVE. CHICAGO, ILL., U. S. A.

No. 5 JULY, 1922 Vol. 1.

Entry...... as second ...... class ma~erz_~.._ 'applied for at the Post. Oflicei Chicago, III.,. under the Act of March 3, 1879

. . •.. •- - • . • HIS~ HAZARAT MAULVI NUR-UD-DIN, THE-GREAT This lmst companion and the. first successor to the Promised ~Ies- b . siah; the Aboo Bekr and the Peter bf the Ahmadia Movement on whom -was the church built : all ever faithful follower of his teacher; Who never denietl his iMaster, but ahvay~stoo,! 0rm with him in thick and. thin. :\ man of Xast knowledge and ~,reat l'i~rarv al~ilities- who passed all his. lif.e in studying, teaching and living according to the Sacred~ Law of -."\l-Qui'an; the Spiritual Father and Guide ;of the .Editor of~this Journal and of many. many Others. a mostintelligent sympathetic and success- full physician who" healed thousands spiritually and physically out of his generosity and charity may Allah rise him to the highest• ranks in HeavenIAmen. • " • la

" . • • .

#• .

102

: ,fi'fi . . . • ~. A. FEW OF THE IMPERATIVE COMMANDMENTS-IN THE SACRED .BOOK AL-QURAN f l} l~qra' his-me rab-be-kal-la-zee .kha- laq. kha-la-qal .in- sa-na rain a laq. lqra' wa' rab-bo-kal.ak-ram. NCVI. 1 to 3. ('2) Ya ay-yo han-na- so'-ht~-dot~ rab-bi~-ktl-luul-l;i-zee kha-la-qakum wal-lazee=na rain qab-le- - kum, 11 20. (3) Uz-ko-r0o ne-ma-te-yal-la-tee, an:am~to aqai-kunL II-40. (4) Au-foo be a'h-dee II-40. (5) Aa-me-noo be-ma an-zal-td mo t sat'i~ de-qal le-ma ma-a-kum. I1-41 (6) Aqee-mus-sa-ta-ta. (7) wa a-tuz-za- ka-ta. (}8) war~ka-oo ma-ar-ra-ke-een. 11-43. (19) was-ta-ee-no0 bis- sab-re was-sa-lat. II:45 (10) Qa-te-loo fee sa-bee-lil-la-hil-la-zee-ua vo- qa-te-loo-na-kum wa la ta-ta-doo, in nal,la-lm la yo-hib-bnl mo-ta-deen. 11 190 (11 ) wa. an-fe-q0o fee sa-bee-lil-lah..... I1-195 (12) ;,wa, -th-se-uoo~ . -ln~nfil-la-ha yo.-lub-lml moh-se-neen. II-190 (13~ wa-ta-Zaw-wa-doo fa in-na khai-raz-za-dit-taq-wa. (14) wat-ta:qoo-ne va o-lil-al-bab. 1I 197 (15), ya ay~yo hal-la-zee-na arma-nud-klm-loo fis-s~l-me k;i-fah: H 207.

FREE EXPLANATORY TRANSLATION 1 Seventy-Imperative Commandments (No. 1) 1. Read in the name of~vour Lord, ~\~rho created all tlfings, lie Created men out of Love, Read ~t'Udvour I~ord is most h~m0rable. " 2. O men! Serve 3'our Lord VVho created you hnd created those who have l)een before you, so that you may guard yourself: _.3. Renaember nay favors which I bestowed on x;ou (and do not I)e thank- lesS). / 4. Be true to your covenant xx;itla me. " [ " " , - 5[ Believe in w'hat/I have/rdvealed confirmifi.q" vi)ur Scriptures ( V,oi~ks ()f x,~[dses. David anti. other Propliets) " "X~ Kee l ) up.p~'ayers. ~ - -" ..... , ." 7 " - ~ " .- . . : '7:. Pay the poor-rate...... ) " " " . . 8: •And bow down with tliose who bow dow•mfi, e.:ihe: MoslemS).~. :•-• : 9. Seek help tltrough patience and prayer (this is theotilv Why of gain-.. Ing'. success). .:. -. ~ - - 10. ' F'ight (in self-defense andto pti~: a stop.to religious persecutions) for~the cause of Allah, only against those wh0 fight agMnst votL but corn( ma.t not the injustice: ot: attacki0g them first:, surelY; Allah tloes not lo¢,e . th0se-who exceed the limit. - " . i " . - . . : .. 11. And spired in the way of Allah .... " ¢ 12. :And do gqod to others, surely Allah loves those Whb do good.. ' : . 13.. Aild maiZeprovision (f0r 3;our journey), but surelythe best provi- . : slon is.piety. - : . . 14. And'be careful of ",'our duty tome. O men of understan¢ting. .... ~, 15.• O yot! who believe~ enter it{to complete submission.. : "103

:

. . -I " .-* f " " • '- SAYINGS OF THE MASTER-PROPHET MUHAMMAD ~ "'Allal~ created l'aradise for the man who obeyeth Him, even if he be- italy a black Abyssinian slave; and Hell for the man rebelling against: Him, even. if:he be a nobleman of the. Quralsh."~; " (Colour or race makes no - difference in religion. Only good deeds bring the reward: " Many a white- faced have a dark hea~.t and many a dark'faced have a white heart.) :'They marry a" woman for. one of four qualificati0.ns" (1). on account .fller money, "(she is rich) ; (2) on'account of the nobility of herpedigree, (she ctmies from a high familY); (3).on account Of herbeauty, (4) On ac- count of her virtue.~ I aclvise ~'ou tO l'o0k out for a woman that has Virtue. t Virtue is the chief thing, to be songht for.). If you marry a wonmn from :my consideration other.than virtue your hands lie rubbed in dirt~" - - .-":'Allah offered to cl~ange all the pebble:stOnes round the ¢!ty ofMecca i • into pure gold for me,. but I answered. O G~d all I ask is to be hungry one day and satisfied the next. The day I am hungry- I will implore .Thee and 'theday. I am satisfied I. will thank'Thee. \Vhat have I to do with the. worldlyWealth? I-am like the traveller who lieth down in the shade .of " . :, tree': the sun as it tttrns.beats clown upon him -and goes.• away from that-.tree never .t,, returfi: O-Allah! let nie die poor and resuscitate me in the ranks of the poor: '~ -- . . • .i " " - • "The best m;m among you is he" who is best to his Wife, and I am the best amon.~ you.in respect to ms,.svives?' ...... "He whG t'10es not recognize t'he.TEACHER of the Day: dies the dehtb • of anign0rant." - . .- .... . -'.'You are 6rdained to listen and obey those in a:uthority over you whether you be rich or poor. whether, the justice is done to yoti; 9r :the case is " Otherxx, isei.".. , ~ , ' '" -"Humiiitv does not dmmush: .... the :value.... ot a good" ' person," be humble. and God w]ll raise veto up." : -

:.. .. . • DAROOD • .... "- ..... " "

"5 : " " " " "[" "" " " " Allah Wshower-Thy mercies upon Muhammad'. and his Successors, just- " " - the way Thou showered: Thy mercies upon Abraham and: his followers,: " : T1;iou artithe Possessor of all Glory & l~reatness. O. Allah ! •~..levate tim " -~ rank ofMuhammad ~ and his. Successors just the .waylThou elevated.the i. • rank Of Abraham and his Successors. Thou art the PossessOr of all praise .. " and pre-eminence. " -:- ( . C ': • "

- L 104, THE MO'SLE M SUNRISE

A Page from the Writings of AMHAD (The Promised Messiah and Mehdi) • HEAR! YE CHRISTIAN WRITERS OF AMERICA! AND YE~ SEEKERS-AFTER TRUTH! Ye. Christians of Europe and .'\merica ! and v~ ~eekers after trutfi! Know " it for certain that the Messiah. who Wastu Collide hf~om'e, and it is he who is speaking to you at.this moment. I leaven and earth have slaown sigrts, and the prophecies of the Holy l'rophets of .~f,~d have seen fheJr.fulfilment. Almighty God has shown me'thousands of .'~-,,~ls-alld furnished arguments of mv trtith in every ~wav. I say to you truly that ifthe heavenly signs whicfl have been ]thown ".on my hands,-had .been shown by .Jesus, son of Mary, the Jews x~'ould have' heen saved frourkdestruction except such as " x~:ere the sons of perdition. Who is not aWare'~f tlie effect of lesus' si,_,n~ On the mindsof the Jews? Only one instimce~ufficient to illustrate'it viz.. the case of Judas l.scari0t, thefavorite ap0sfleN for x'/'hom a throne lmtl" heen pronfisedin heaven, but-who apostatized even in the presence of the master. Not only by his apostaey did he deprive himself of the pronaised throne hut he also threw Jesus into.innumeralfle difficulties, :\ll:ye that- ari~ desirous of perpetual happines.and eternal Salvation, fly to me- for here is the fountain which Will purge you of all your impurities and here 3,.u will find the salvation which is t'he fruit.of certainty and a strong fahh and perfect knowledge. Know it for certain that your trust in the |flood of Jesus is a vain trust. Had he been ct:ncified not once hut ;t. tl]ousand times, even then he could nut Imve Saved votu Sal'vati0n is in faith and love and certainty aml 'not in the blood ~t', a.man. Time is giving you the warning that the theory of a blood-bath is a: false theory, therefore repent of Such beliefs.wlaile {here is time and before you are called to stand before tile tlirone of (;otl. Ahnighty God has sentYme in thiSage:that I might bear witness that ;ill faiths have-f~ecome corrupt and heen tainted w.ith falsehood with theonly exception of Islam. if the truth of my testi- " mony is not sealed by Divine-authority, I am not:true.: but if the witness that I bear is confiml~ed by the Di(,ine seal being il~q,ressed upon it, re- 01ember lest you bring 50urselx es under the judginent of God by rejecting i truth. A weal¢ mortal, the sou of Mary, is b;," .no means your God, To me is given the~spirit ;rgainst which: no'one c;~n stand. If\'ou-know that there is none among you wh0with the assistance Of the sl~irit, can with- 1 stand the holy spirit ihat has been given to me' he Sure that your Silence will bring you under the judgment t~f God: .\nd peace be Untc~ those who follow the truth. (Ahmad.) t " I

- . . .

/ THE MOSLEM SUNRISE 105

. A CHALLENGE TO the present Christian World given by the Leader of the Ahmad~a community through the Crown Prince,of.the British Empire. Our Gi)od Prince! :\ living faith exhibits the signs of light;, and we realize within ourselves that lshun is a living faith. The signs :ind w~mders which Islam can :tshow have not ceased with the death of the -.l'ronfised -Messiah...for .if that had been so, islam., too would have been a dead faith. i\Ve believe that the blessings ofIslam.continue in all ages, and can conti- dcntlv assert that .even. no\v if ilae Christian world is prel)ared to try Islam :rod , (;od will i cause the.: good- tree to - bring forth good fruit, antl lie shall n~;t g,ix'e IIis-be- h,ved son a serpent for fisl¢ .r a Stone for bread, btit shalf Open for hi~ and shall :accept his prayers. - Then. t) Respected lleir ,,f Our Respected Sover- eign! If in spite of the .signs and trtiths related. al}ove (lia the l)00k--"A present to His Royal High: hess -The .Prince of \Vales") you consider that in order" to judge , God's relation to, and 10re for"a nmn a fresh sign is needed. we request Y.ur Royal

" " Highness to use '.your I11- (llazrat Mlrza B. D. ~,IAIIMUD AIlMAD~ / fluence to induce tile Chri.5- tian divines to pray for the achievement of a certain difficult object., in • ,~rder'to manifest tile truth of tlleir religion: and the :\hmadees.will.also pray for the achie~,ement of a corresponding'objec.t: for instance, let us take-a certain number of Sick.-person~ whose life has been despaired of, - and divide them among the Christian divines and the Ahmadees by lot, and let .the-Christian divines pray for the recovery of those allotted to them and we shall pray for. those allotted to us and then let the world see whose prayer is heard, and on whom the doors of heaven are shut. If, however. Christian divines do not come forward (and they cer- ' - iainly shall noti-for they perceive in their hearts: that God has removed His blessings frolll them).then conclude, O %Vise Prince.-that God has forsakeii Christianity and has .confined Ilis Blessings to Islam:

• . . • . 106 THE MOSLEM SUNRISE

\Vith reference to later sects and ldfilosolihers leaning to such a be- lief, a brief reference to certain French writers ill the 18th century nmst be made. Some explain Jesus aml. Christianity as a mythical re- THI£ ~IOSLEM SUNRISI,2 ligion of antiquity, and that Jesus' person and death take onl a. shadowy form. . .- • ' Cr. _ ,: : French writers Vohtev (Les Ruines--Paris 1791). . No..5 July, 1!122 Dupois (Origine ~le Tolls les Cultes~Paris 1794). •VOTE--l'olume 1 has not bc,,n closed German writers:c, f. Bahrdt zcith ArO. 4 but zt¢ll be i:ontimwd to the works; also Bauer• end of the year 1022 $o that the future volumes rt,ill correspoml with lhe ¢ah'ndar In Am erica~cousult V¢. B. Smith, years from Jamtary to December. - Also see Arianism, Socinianisnl. l.Tnitari/mism. For an extended bibliography.on A Prayer the consult'"The AI.LAH in the highest, listen to my prayer: Historicity of Jesus". by Shirlev- I.~t fl~e Moslem Sunrise spread truth every- Jacks0n.C:tse;. Univ. Chicago Press - " where 1912. ;:'Into darkest liature's all vet unheard of. In ,~ddition to the above refer-" ~.~ Thee " " ences the followil]g suggest ttseful "Let the Sunrise penetrate, swift, effect: uaIly. data : " Sunshine .the purifier, health--and life-givL "'What was Item" ur .[estts au the ing beams light of the 19th Century" by XVni. • With thy Imre light expc,sing all flint l};lllt:- 1)enhm. : l-'ul)lished by "~Vm: Denton ful seems• Stmlmams on the waters dancing With each ill 1877, \\:elles!y t n~ar I k~ston. wave It is a study G,f the ac- . Giving unnuml~ered values, se,uls for beauty counts of [esus. givin¢ an outline of crave. what psvehometrv reveals regard- Allah in the lfighest listen to my prayer " Send the -Moslem Sunrise. into everywhere. lug tire "parentage, life and - resur- UMMESALAAM rection i,f Chris't. /It tends to prm:e (E. Mandlinff) that the occurrences of tim gospel may be readih- accounted for with- JESUS WAS' CRUCIFIED, BUT .tit' iml)ugnin~ tile motives of the .... DID NOT DIE ON THE. [:.vanxelists -ali(l Wiilu nl t i supl)osing CROSS - Jesus t,o have been either a God iA- an imposter. was-crucified .on .(A Survey. of the Liter.ature .On~che I:riday, remained three to six hours Subject) t,n the' cross, and appearing to be .-_ Among tlre older lfllilosophers or dead., his bones Were not l~roken. . sects-which support the view that Ilis " body was takmi-, dox~n bY " Jesus did not die on tile Cross may loseph,, a member of the Senhedriil- he mentioned the Essenes, . tlae who was friendly to .Jesus, and it Basilidians, Corinthians .and the was taken to a new sepulchre near Carpocratians. (c. f. Dictionary the place of crucifixion. During the- of Islam. by Thus. Hughes, B.D:); preparation of the body according Charles Scrilmer. (1908). lnterest- to the burial Customs of the Jews. i1¢g data may' b6 obtained by con- Joseph discovers signs of life, and suiting Encyclopedias on Essenism. this fact he conceals from tlie Philonism and Agnosticism, als0 i'u nthers. Fie places tim body in the some of the es0rteric writings. Tal~ •~epulchre and rolls the stone, in mud and Mislmaic Rabbi. p.lace but later rgturns with the THE MOSLEM SUNRISE 107 :

~artlner and- takes Jesus t- his ring to, it after the resnrrecti.n as h,mse. By Sunday jesns sufficiently lie does in the four . The recovers front hand wounds (others fact is that he merely swooned, etc. claim feet were not :spiked) to "Toledoth Jesus" Hebrew manit- journey.to Galilee. Nothing more script. R. Carlile, Pub. London, is heated of who 182& StAtes that Jesus was not I was v~ry friendl); t'o Jesus before crucified but stoned. Based on the crffcifixion. His silence is sug- Talmudic references. ~estive. It isto be noted also that- "The Christ MYth" by Elizabeth -Christ appeared to behevers only E. Evans. .l'ub. l rnth Seeker Co., very seldom and for short periods 28 La Fayette-Place. 1900. Page 67." ,ff time! all this suggesting weak- --Claijn s tliat on the cross is a 1less. lingering death, requiring several "N'aked Truth of Jesusism" bv days to a week, and then death is- I.vman-F. George. The George due more t. starvation than pain. I;~ok Pub. Co., l'ittsburg, l'enua.;: l:ttrt hermt,re, no such place as 1914. H.istory-and Mss. A critic- Gethsemane-or found near ism of Jesusi,sm altogetl{i~r, claims Jesusalem. Jesus did not die on the cross, even "Enc),elopedia of Religion anti as Luke witlmnt suspecting.says, Etliics." Clms. Scribner & Sons, I.uke 24:39: 43. "Behold my lmnds 1908. Under Arianism--page 786~. a.nd nly feet that it is I ntyself. As UrA-tai~ians maintain, a mere handle me and see :-for a spirit hath man eminent for goodness but sub- m*t flesli and bones as ye see lne ject to human limitations, etc. This have .... and they gave him a piece beiiag so, Christ coukl not have died ~,f broded fish and of a honeycomb. inasmuch as he lixed,, again after the I)ead corpses do not eat. ;l'he att- crtrcifixion." thor theti qftotes from "The Life of ", by an Eye- Saint Issa, the Best'of the Sons of witness." Mass. Austin Pub. Co.. Men" claiming it to be more autlaen- Los:Angeles, ,19191 Claims Jesus a- • tic than one w~itten three hundred brother of tlm Essenes. Jesus re- years later, ceived assistance and protection ,Also. quotes tllat the Masonic from theEssenes. (Pager0.) When Fraternity in Germany possesses crucified only had nails in hands. Mss. Written seven years after the. Joseph and Arimathea, with Pilate's crueifiXi0n, by a friend of Jesus,-7-t't~ permission, spread salve on wounds, Mss. giving detailed account of res- took him tothe sepulchre and after cue of Jesus from the cross by thirty hours or so he was still alive Josepli of Arimathea aiad Nico- and reco-Cered. ~,[ade a journey to demns. Tiffs was the report of Emmanus..- those who actually saw tim rescue Consult. the "Brook Ket:ith" by and not an account of hearsay wit-George Moore. Pub. McMillan Co., nesses (Luke and Mark) x~ho wrote i 19i6. Fieti0n. " about x~hat they heard. Author We quote-here to tWO of seien- -makes comparisons .from various titlepossibilities suggested by a crucitLxions, the:time for death ex- writer to support the above data; tending any where.from thirty-six A. Tlie -the0r T of suspent]ed •-hours to a Week, claiming that Jesu.4 anim~ttion .may -readily account" for Was robust and !ma!tIiyc living an an apparent complete loss of being outdoor life and being temperate ih and bodily~activity. • . all things• It seems, improbable : Suspended animation is not a her •that he should' die in three to six titious piece of imagery, but a scien- hours. Furthermore, only John's tifically proven fact,--experimental gospel gives an account of spear "investigation having been made by- wound, Jesus himself never refer- the medicalservice of the R. A. ~[. T .108 T H E M,O S L E M S U N R'I S E

L'. in India, -\l)par,ent cessation .f - l:inallw the tomb-~)f the l'rince life reseml)lin~, death elm be main- I r-l)het.:Jesus discovered ifi Sirin- tained for l?erit)ds .f w;.'eks, with~ agar. India. decisively settles the out food or breathing. quesH.n ah..~ether. "The tradition B. After a period of three da,¢s and HistOry of the Kashmere State ,1 - . o - the internal chemica'l constitthion "of wlvch was m old days a Jewlsh the body would have ~. claal).ged / Colony in India 1)rt)ves that lesus the blood s() ch)tted anal var.)us L-Thrist after lie escal)ed deatli ()u stages of Disintegration would ha(t- the cross trax'elled t. indiaand tlied" st) far advanced as to render it un- there whe~l he was :tli.ut t20 yeays reasonal)le it) SUl)l),.)se th:tt such an -hi. altered l)odv c.uld I)¢- c()m.1)atil)le " ° with life. Life in science is: de- Concubinage in Japan pendant Ul. n. if m,t the sum ti,tal of . chemic.-physical processes/through- "The influence of the institution .f -ut the body. Any iJhysico-chem- c-nculfinage in Japan appears iil the ical alterati(]n of the sliglitest- tle: fact that. although illegitima:te and gree is immediately associated .with the daughter of a ct,nculfine, she is deranged function, Many of the ~rll0wed to call the groom's adopHve" processes occurrin~ after "death are" mothe1". '~Mother." :rod his xxfife, chemically irreversible, hence if one "Sister." The concutfineas am.n.g" did live and functi.,1 after-three the Ilebrews (Genesis XX'X) hasit days, such' a f)lle c-uld 111)I. have legal status and her /:llildren are under~one postmortem changes?-- legitimate.. The present .~lik-ado is i. eN He could n-t liave ('lied.--:- the son .of a Collctll~ille. hen~re he either umlerwent a c.;uli:-' ('tJncul)hiage was p¢'rniitted by ~tio~ of suspended, animitii0m tJr the. ea r 1 v C h r i_s t i a n churchi'" "m'~-rel v swooned. l.,i)e/iI|la,

THE TOMB OF JESUS CHRIST IN SIRiNAGAR, INDIA -/

THE MOSLEM SUNRISE 109

REAL ENEMIES OF THE BIBLE second l)art of the b~¥)k--h~ve your Mr. \\'illiam Jennings. Bryan. the enemies, resist no evil. keep n. famous liresident - nominate, has army. and imlice, make yourself written .a pamlflilet "'The Bible and eunochs, atllow no divorces, keep Its Enenlies'" in .which he ct~ttnts ,m money and never prepare f6r enemies of the Bible. as fiittr in 1111111- the morrow. But when you neither bet viz. the ..\gm,stic. the .\the- dothis nor that. then your scrip- ist. the l-ligher Criticl aud the Evu- .tures are -reere a burdell ~11 vour luti.nist. + \Vith all respects due =t. sh0u(hlers- and excuse me to sav .\lr. Bryan fi'w his religious zeal and "'Tlmu art thyself +the greatest :tbilities .we beg t. l)(,in{ out that enemy Of-the Bible."" the,4earned writer has missed tlm re+tl ememitcs of the llible: :\gn<~s-: Another Gain to-the Moslem tics and so forth are indifferent-to, the l lo,k because they cannot rectm- Principles " tile its stt,rv with the ge.hbgica'., ?There.is no celibacy in Islam," and otlier .<.-cientitic facts...They are voiced the Master-Pr,l~het Muham- m~t t<~ I)lame much fur What tliey' mad, "to .save the World from the could n.t under..~tand. BUt the real injuries and tile dangers of the as. euemies of the l/ibte are th.se +wh. cetic life forced bv the Catholic claim it t- I>e a l)ivine Lhw. frmu Church discipline on her priests. (h,l t() nl;tn and tit; n(,t care tt) fi)l- :I.¢mg experiences of the practical h,w the i:()mm:mdments e,-iven there- life llave.eat last proved that it is not in. "l'lie l;il)le is divided int,) twt,+ g6od for 1nail and many intelligent parts : .First, the law and -the?m~es and sincere workers of (he Christian laid (h)wn' I)v Moses and (,ther. Cbttrch have been protesting against. l'rophets. This wh.le big ;ctJlume this and'other false dogmas. Thus+ is discarded 1,y the Christiatr¢avin.~ arose the varions branches of the " .that law is a curse. "lTJle second Protestant Churches. Now. accord- part #-ntains .the ethical teachings ins t0the receut news from_~urope- +i given byJesus fiw the members bl 600: French priests have been ex- . ! Ills F.s.teric Essenes t)rder.. Xo p~lled from'the Roman Catholic Christian practices them as they" a~-e . Church for marrving. "'\Ve co{isidei- i impracticable in the ~.~x;er.x- day' life.. "marriage." thev'proclaim, "a neces- ,, Suppose there is. a Btu)k tff I.aws sarv safeguard for a great number, - " ! :rod Reguhttidus made by tlie .Con- ant[ it :is an indispensable liberty .vress and Senate uf t'lie United: for all." .Good, but did not Jesus States and finally passed by tlie:sav. :;Some have made themselves .7 l'.resident, but n6 one in the country tql~nlc'hs for:the kingdom of heaven's .{ acts according to {h,,se laws. Now, -sake. l--le that is able.to receive it, who is to blame for insulting the . let him receive it3' Yes. it is only ":} I;.tw-makers--=the people who lixe. -IMam. which being a nniversal relig- .ii in the couqtry and call that law as itm does no.t introduce- or encour- their Charter. t,i" those who havd age celibacy, monkhood, priesthood left the countr.v and belong t 9 it a:nd such l~ke degenerating insfitu- m, more. My. dear Mr. Bibler,--:tions.. Whynot a step further dear- either (a) act mt the first part tie .priests and adopt the~vhole of Is- )'our book and inake no second aud. • lain. Better' throw away thegar- - -thiril gems with .one.- eat- n~thing ment which has so many times uuclean: circumcise y<.mr )hale ehi+ld, proved faulty- and defectiveand al- rememlmr the .SaturdaY" Sablmth as -waysrequire~ to be mended with ludy. keep l~asts aml -feasts--or. if the patches borrowed from other- ~.'~Ju cannot do this-Tthen.act on the religi.ns..

] _ !~ 110 THE MOSLEM SUNRISE

,t~ I Czr'~

whose text is now far from being genuine and original: Many Mos- lena Imvs learn to recite Quran be- fore thevare 1-21 years old. Nasir .\hmed (about 12 :years old), the eldest soft of our present Leader, is now a ]tatiz. He recited the whole Qurandnrillg tim last fasting. month to the congregation, in the 31osque. reciting a part every eve- nmff. The alff~ve phol~o, of the promising lad was taken when he was saying, his pravers in the Mos- que. Ma.~"Allah bless Nash-and all hisrelatives, Amen.

THE BLIND WEST. Some prejudiced Christian prit~sts have spread nlanv false storms. - ,~ainst Islam .and'the Orient and those sto!'ies have unfortunately t:iken such a firm 'root in the weslT- ern ]iterature that With all the spread, of knowledge :in the;se-davs many a person is still 1)lindly l~e- lievillg in those : st ories::as trtie! -Arthur Brisbane in his-Sunday edi- torial (.Clficag'o-Examiner. July 2~ Hafiz Mirza Nasir Ahmad 22I wmtes: "3[nhammad ~" kept Of all the Sacred P,ooks of v,'ii'ious W(mlen out of Paradl."S" e. ~! It is a religions in tlle world it has been pity that a man-of such a.vast lit- the privilege of the Holy Quran erary knowledge as Mr. Brisbane is alone to be so widely committed to "su Plrased - to be a man, who" alxxa~s• "s ", -- • "-• -~-:-" q't.~" .. ~..~_ -insists" " on ~ O" " * " lllelnor!, D) ll:S VOtdttcS. J. llC /','llOllg , ~ *" -- "others , I ....e, alnlnp" t ° thmr• first-t " ~,¢ ~-h~'t'~ ...... ;o ..,.: ...... ;. ;,. *l,~ nan(l KnOxvleoge, lnaKe.q SHfin a ,Jt,l, ut., ~ulttll t~ evtct¢. )'t:tti it, ttt~ . • . " . " . month of Ramzan (Fasting) recited 1)lnnder 1)3 stupldly accepting what from the beginning tO the end with- :some Ingoted enemy of Islam might; " out looking at the book tO tile con have.fabricated .in the r old davs..of gregation by one of the Hafizes.-and Ignorance. To refute this false there are thousands of Hafizes in clmrge we just quote a .few lines each- Moslem country, all over the -from a European auth0r, Sir Artlmr world, llaffz is an Arabic xk:ord and N.-\Vollaston's "The Religion of thd. means a guardian, a preserver. One Koran." (Pnbli.~laed lw John Mur- who preserves the whole of the Qur- ray, 1917) : an in memory and thus protects its Page l(v---"Tlm idea that wonaen tex~t from being perverted. As there will not be admitted into Paradis6 ha,~-e been l-lafizes in Islam from its : is a lil)el upon Islam." very beginning therefore tim Mos L Page 43--"p,ut he who doeth lem Bible has' ever. remained safe good works--be it male or fenm!e~ from alterations, itdditions and-snb- andbelieves,, they shall enter i~t?~ tractians, unlike the Christiafi Bible, -Paradi.~e. and they .shall not be x.

THE MOSLE M SUNRISE IU / wr, mged ;t j-t." The Koran--Chap- The Pedigree of Christnms Day;/ tt'r 1\-" Verse 23. True Love; Father and Son; Mu-/ l'age 44--"God has promised to liammad; ~,,Vhat is required of m~(:-' " believers, men and women, gardens Ahmadee; The Vedas; What hu- beneath which rivers flow. fo dwell manity owes to Islam; The Pope is [~ therein for.aye; and goodly places dead; Islam and Christianity m i in the garden .of Eden, but good- Africa; Dowle antl Ahmad; A ser- Willl fronl God is the greatest of all ! mon, Annual Subscription $2.00. !i that is the mighty happmes.. "i he Single copy 25c. Address Quadian j Koran--Chapter IX--¢erse 73. Gurdaspur, Punjah. INDIA. ' Page 55 "And whoso does right, he it male or female and a believer. theseshall enter into Paradise, they" ' shall he provid.ed therein, without cotmt. I he Koran, Lhapter X ~ verse 44. N.".ow. let. us see, if Arthur ~ Bi-is- hane hag a sense of justice t- cor- recthis mistake. Blessed are those who see tlieir faults and are llOt ;tshamed of nmking amends.

- . 1 • . : LongLive ~the Amir The kingdom of Afghanistan is making great progress under' the :inspicious commmld of its present _Sruler I-.li's Majesty Amir Amanallah Khan, who has granted the i-eli= gi.us freedom to his subjects. No. ,,he will now be persecuted there for: Iwing an Ahnmdi Moslenl, as used t~ hein the.da.vs of the late :\mir.s. Some of ~ur dear brethren were 1;utche1"ed0r stoned to deathin Af- ghanlstan under the orders of the priests-:-wli0 have been antagonistic to the prophets and the "Hol;¢ Teachers in all ages. They glorifie~l MR. J. L. MOTT the name of Allah and gave their (Shaikh Abdullah Din Muhammad) ldood-witnesses tO the pro,[ of An influential gentle:man o[ a tl~e truth of their faith. They are v e r y respectahle (Franco-Irish) ever=living martyrs Wed Abdl American family: a zealous and l.atif and his cotnpanions~ sincere Allmadi -Moslem, a political

leader in,sh the city. educated as a The Review of Religions lawyer and engaged in secret serv- Ot~r-ulontllly magazine "Review ice \vork;-a meml)er of the United , f Religions" now editedby Maulvi Spanish War Veterans, the Masonic 3[uhammad .Din ]3. A.-c0ntains in and several other, fraternal organ- the combined number of January-izations. Thd proprietor of the andFebruary, 1922, very.instructive Almladia -\merican Asiatic agency •and useful material in x~arious short (export and import) at. New Or- ;tild pithy articles printed under tlie leans, an esteemed friend, of the f,~llowing headings:--Alamad; Note editor of this nlagazine. Sallama- and c.mments; A lluddh!st J,,urnal. hullah. 112 THE MO S I".E M SUN-RISE

BRIEF REPORT OF THE WORK lslant in a Church in R,ckford. IN AMERICA .Mich. .Missionary Epistles. were written Since the last magazine was pub- on hehalf of the Ahmadia order in lished I have delivered many lec- Americaand some literature sent to tures, distributed literature and (1) Dr. Adolph Lorenz, the distin- gave interviews on Islam in differ- guished \'iennes~: Surgeon when ht: ent cities and towns--i, e.. Detroit. was devoting his time to cure the (;rand.. Ral)ids. I~enton [tarl)or. cril)ples in this. count D- with his sl)e- Spttth Bend. Niles.. Dowagiac, Chi- cial treatment: (2) (;eneral ~qmuts cago, etc~ The. c,,rrespondence , on. successfully suppressinff the d~ring the la'st quarter wa/~ c~trried lidmnnesburg rebellion: (3) Mr. ,n to tile extent, of ahout 500 re- Mtmtague, sympathizing With him ceipts and 2.500 dispafches. on resignation" (4) k:iscotmt Peel l'erulanent quarters of our Mis- og, accel)ting the office .f Secretary- sion have now been established .in ship (,f State for In¢l~ia: 15) Kin.~ Chicag O where I Imve' bought.a Fuad 1 of F.gvpt on liis inau~urat- litrge house a part of which with ing the New "Regime :/ I 6) Sarwat¢" x necessary alteratibns has been fixed l'asha on making the first cal)inet ttp into of the Fgyptian Kin.~d,m: ~7) ,\ M¢)~QUI- ' '" \Vacin yanpi"~I..eader of ~ioux and the rest decorated and .ftrrn- Tribe : I,q! Professor R0bei't H. ished as the .X[issiot! .House and the (hMdard, the Scientist. who intend.~ office of-.Moslem Sunrise: This tO Illake ;i trip t. the ~looll al)oard building owned 113" tlie Ahmadia a rocket: (0) Mr. Mellim. Secretary M,,vemer(t is situated on \Vabash ~f the Treasttrv : (10) l:amous .Mil- Ave. and 45th Stt'~et. northwest li.nare .Iohn |). Rockefeller: ]'11) corner. We apprecmte the p/tins :George F. Iktker. the second richest taken by our dear Brother 3[uham- man in thi~ L'nited States and .(12) reed Yaqulb~ lMr. Andrew JaCob) Sir 'Arthur .I- Balfour on an earl- carl)enter, ni making the Meliral, tlom conferred on him; (131 Capa- and the Gumbad (Arch and l)ome) hhmca, ttle Wiwhl's Chess Ch..am- / of the Mosque. pion : (141 =\ttornev'. L'ntermeyer. on. I am thankful to Brother J. B. his stoplfing grain gambling in the Khan .Ahmadi and other b'rethren Corn Exchange; 115) King Alex- in Detroit for offering arrangements andgr i,f Jugo-Siavia and f'rincess for nay permanent staying in De- M~.~yy .with ccmgratulati~,ns on their troit, but ] think Chicago is a het: ~ marriage. ter place for our, Central': office qn this country than any other city. I am grateful to the friends.who offered and therefore I have established a sincere -pravers for my. health -on hearing Central Mission 'here. : Ilowever.. ihe news nf my late sickness: :May.Allah our missionaries will Iret0uring accept all the prayers of those who offer round and visiting Detroit as often prayers for Sadiq. Even my soul and as possible. Spirit. . after separation f¢om this b.dv. will e, mtinue helping my lovers with prayers to We liave thankfully rec/~ived let- Allah the Great." Breather Kabir-'ud-l?)in ters of.appreciation o'f our work for 2-Xhmad ~xrites: "On reading your will in Islam from His Majesty :\mir Fei-. AI-F/tzl my eves streamedout with grief sul's Ministry of Education, For- and my-£'/.ife and son joined with me ill eign Minister's office of His Suh- that condition." Brother Akbar All writes: lime Pocte of Ttwke~:. The Afghan •7.Xh. wire,and myself cried in prayet;s to Embassy m London and other .Mos- : AII~dL till mY wife-was assured of the ac- ceptance-of our prayers for your health." lent celebreties. Many letters expressing such feelings of Mr. Muhantnled Yusuf Khan de- love and sympathy i have received Jaza-. Ih'ered an interesting lecture on ho-mal-la-hul Khair.. THE MOSLEM SUNRISE 118

ill.reply" to our EpisHes to Pope AHMADIA NEWS FROM l'ius XI and the Vatican Secretarv: OTHER COUNTRIES mentioned in the previo.us numl~ Brother 3I. II. Musa Khan our ~d the Moslem .Sunrise the follm/~- Missionary in Australia is regular- ing comniunication has been de2 ly" publishing and circulating liis. ceived front Rgme: vahtable periodical "'The Moslem SEGRETARIA D-I S'l':i:i'i, Sunshine" of which the tenth hum- di Sua Santita her is now ou our table: It contains Dal Vaticano. Apri! 21stl i922. an. inter6sting, comparison of the NO. 2620 " l'rontised Messiah's stateutent with I)a citarsi nella pisposta " " " what the .Christian Writers have " " ~said Of Islamic Sword attd Pen. His l)e'ar Sir. " ' ' " " - - address is Box No. 305 G. P. O., Your letter ctmveying syml)atlLv Perth, Australia: ,m the death of-Our Holy Father.: Maul.vi Fazlur Rahman I lakeem l'ope Benedict XV. on your mwr has reached \Vest Afrfi:a to assi.4t- part and on bellalf of wmrrespected - !'r0fessor Nayyar and has been put conmnlulfity was dulx:., received. m charge of the Mission work in The kind sentiments therein ex- •G01d Coast with his headquarters pressed with regard to .the deceased at Salt Pond. \Ve wish hini success I'outiff have been very cons.ling.t- and good luck.. Professor Nayyar is me as His Secretary of State. busy in organtztng and educating tlis I loliness, l'dpe l'ius XI. tie-" . the" thou.4ands of new converts he sires nle t. express.to you llttW pro- has secured in that.land. hmndlv grateful lie feels for-wmr t)ur young volunteer Missionary ,~,od (vislieS to l lira in Ills l"ontifi= Shaikh Malmlud Ahmad, son of cate. and lie joins in your hope fiw Shaikh Yaqub All. the Pioneer Jour- peace and :union among the Na- nalist of :\hmadia Movement. hav- tions, ing crossed the ocean has pitched - F,'iitlffully" yours. . his Missionary tent in Cairo. Egypt. ISigned} 1-'. C. t;aspari. .- \re do hope that Iris W~'~rkwill be "- for the glorifii:ation of t\llah. * * * " \re are. glad to hear that an Eng- - Ma*- :\llah reward.Mr. Thaker I)~ lish \Veeklv nanted ".-\i-Bushra'" Shart{mn for his lectures in Detroit has been started at our headquar- on th61ife and teachings of onr Mas- ters. Qudian. l~unjab, India, The tei'-Prophet delivered in a favor- rapidgrowth of Quadian citizenship able and sympathetic light; thus re is a sign of. the .tinie to fulfil the umving some of the misconceptions " prophecy of the Prophet. concerningIslam from the minds of . Our strenuous workers in I,ond6n the American public. are gradually- gaining, learned and respectable increase to our members in- that land. Interpreter and Guide To the parties who intend to Visit NUMEROUS INQUIRIES India. Bnrnla. Ceylon. Strait Set- \re have received the following - tlements and the countries near letter front "The Information Bur : thei'e We recommend Muhammad reau.'" \Va.~hington. D. C. "This Ali Khan of Babuzai Street,:Shahje, Bureau is in receipt of numerous hanpur, U. P. India, as an experi- inquiries ~regardinff the spread of : enced, reliable Targuman. On get- IMam ill America: tinga calbegram Mr. 3[. :\. Khan We understand that your ulaga- will receive the party at Bombav~ ziue--The ~['oslenl Sunrise. h'as. Coloulll0or any other desired sea-lately been ptiblished to meet this port. .... situation." 114 THE MOSLEM suNRISE

The Agreement Signed by the New Converts "BISMILLAH, Islam In Ahmadia Movement Tliere is but ~,nc God, the Creator and l?rm'ider fin" all. the Almighty. tht~ (;racious. the All-Knmving, over and aln)ve tlie need of having a-father: mu.ther, son. daughter, wife Or any otlier relatix:es, the Self-Sufficient. the-. Great IR)rgiver whose forgiving bounties cause m, deficit 1o ll'is endless • . , - . treasures. ()he and the same God ~if all ages, all imtiuns and all countrieS: Wh(, through His grace and mercy sends the Prohliets. Sacred Guides and I tolv Reformers. - - " - " Such were :Zaruasti:r of Persia. Cunfucius uf China aud lIuddlm-Of In- dia, Abraham, Moses. ])avid .;rod Jesus of l'alestine. tlie. N[aster-Pr6phet. .~[uliamma(t ~" of =\rabia. and :\hmad id Qadian. the Messenger of the latter days. . .(Peace an dl)lessings of:.(;od be With all (tf them.) \Ve must:hoimr and respect all <)f them, and take.them as II'olv Messengers of God. -BUt + we must. not worship.anyof them. \Vurship (;od .:\lone. \Ve I)elieve iu Angles, lh,ly Spirits. wh;51bring to.us llis Messages, mox'e tls t() do gc,)d works and help us in our way to the final goal: ,.¥s God used to speak-to l~is people inthe, old days, so does:He even now. mm of the living e_xamples-1)eing in the holy person of"Mahmud." tlie blessed successor to the-Promised .Measiah and the present leader uf lsl'tm in the .\hmadia :'Xlo~;ement. lie is tlle one. authorized, heavenly- • • . ° " ...." . . , " .~g y.. fixed slnrltual head ot the elect C( mmumtv-lo whotn is ?tue-all al'legiance and obedience by the faithfuli- " - " ' .- . Zend Avesta of Persians. 7Vedas of l lindus, Torah of- Moses, Gospel of Jesus. all 0rigimilly being the \\ford of .God. EI-Qurauiis the latest current revealed Book of.SatSred Law fi.w.t'he gUidaiic e Of one and all. \\'e lielieve in the life after death aud.-iu.the'judgment of our deeds, gt,,d oi" bad.-here and hereafter, and trust in the.'lmu'ndless mercy of God. " ' " .... Say five daih" prayers to worship and seek communion whh God. and c(;mt~ into uni~;n with Him: keep a month's, fast-in the.year: to exercise and develop the faculties of submission to llis-will, give charity to the needy and poor; join the holy annual assembly at ]k[ecca to worship God once in your life• Pork is forbiddenas it.isit{jurious to health. "- "~Ve n{ust live al.peaeeful life. ~)beying the laws of the government Under Whlch-we are. - ...... - " Praise be to God, who it. .o[ \V-rhls: I Will Keep My Faith Above the World. Fully agreeing with the above, I hereby join the Islam in Ahmadia MoVe- ment. : " ~

Please send me further literature and instructions. :. . " - . . .

Address .: ...... " --,,,-•~° '...... '.° ...... I :•~. o . -

...... ;.° ...... " " ...... ,,,, °,~ ...... i°,• " " "" I - To: Dr.Mufti Muhammad Sadiq, - : :i i Ahmadi Missioner A1-Masjid 4448 Wabash Ave., Chicago, Ill. . "-~ . THE MOSLEM SUNRISE 115

NEW CONVERTS Sit:ce the htst relmrt in No. 3, Air. Cbas. x,Villia,ns (Kamil). Alo. the following 116 gentlemen and la- Mr. 1)e,mon l)raper (llabeeb), III. dies have accepted Islam in the Ah- Mrs. Bessie Porter (Barl~atL Ilk madia Movement and Signed the Mr. Jess McNah (Mobarik), IlL above agreement. Their iAmerican Mrs.F. Rolfinson (Ahmadia), Ilk Mr. George W. Shaw (llaleem); ]11. names as well as their Moslem M'rs. Amanda Teasley fAzeemah), III. names are given beh~w With the _ ': .\lr. James O. Teasle.v (Azeez), Ill. name of the state in which they live. Mr. Robert (;raham (Badr l)~Aen); Mo. , , ° Air. James Swase (Mahmud Din), Mo. Mrs. Smidy Williatils (Sa'ad.v). 111. Air. \Vill Sims (Sadiq Din), Mo. Air. Cuha Fields (Ahsan). 111. Air. D. McChanahan (Siddiq Din), Mo. Mr Ilenry Qallaway (Sb,'ikir); I11. .Mrs. James." tt. t-2mmanuel (Kareem .Air; R,bert F.Ilis (lgarocq), II1. Din), AIo..... Air. l larvey l:auggens (Akram), 111. Mr. Carl Ahtridge tRahcem I)inl. Mo. Air. Clark King (Saeed), IlL " 'Mr. Ri~y l;t;own (Bashet.r l)in), Alo. Air. Arthur Rncker (Khaer). 111. Air. llenry Daniels (Muhammad DinJ. Airs..Mary Joseph (Saeeda),- I11. • " A I'o. - Mr. llenry Douglar (Amjad),.III. : .Mr. Chas. \Volf (Karam Din), Mo. •MissLena R. Garden/Sr (Jammt), I11. Mr. Fi'ank \Vashington (Vazl l}in ), :Mo. Air. Jeff;x,Vallen (Ahmad), IlL Mrs, Fannie Young (Sughra), Mo. Airs. Cohmial l)ugger (Nasirah), Ilk Air.: Ophelia Avant (Noor), Alo. MrL James Buchanan (.Haidar), IlL Miss F.ddy New Sinith (Kuhra), Mo. -Ur.-Samuel \V. Rhyne (Ally•), Ilk " Mrs. Martha Ors (Faizy),: Mo. Mr. Raymond Halliday (Omar), Ill. _ Air. lames Orumb(- (Ahmad), III. Mr. P.Nathanlel Jonson (SheikAhmad ...... l)in), Mo. Mr. Adam Jai:ksgn (Adam), 1tl ..... Air." J. \V. lhlsbhl (Abdur .Ralnnan).]ll. - Miss Nieie Jackson (Naeema). Ill. " Mr. FImore-Tavlor (Abdul Jaleel),.tlL Mrs. Alary. Smith (Mari am), Ill. Air. John Brooks (A-bdnr Raheem), IlL 3lr..Tom Taylor (Abdulhaq), IlL Mr. Hari, v'Brown (Akbar), IlL .~ , Air. \Villiam PrOctor (Abdur Rahmanl Mr. Joheph Carhin Da~:is (Abdullah). lli. III.. - Mrs. Pricella Brooks (Raheema), Ill. Airs. Adder Walter (Fatima), IlL Mrs. V. C.-Clark (Ayesha), I11! . Air. J0s~ph Clarence VChite (Ahmad).- .'Mr." \Villis: Y0enm (Muhammad Yar). A.II. - I11. " - . Airs. May Zahra (Sehna), .Mich.: Mrs. Parabee Thomas (Khairat), III. - " .Mrs. Mary Chambet:s (M~friam), IlL Airs. B. G. Sullieml (Burkut), Ill. Mr~ Alours.Booth. (Mfihammed). Ill. Air. Henry Kimbram (Harold), IIL Miss Alberta \Valter (]tamdi)~ ill. : ~lr. Jennie Cole (Mulmmmad). Ill. Air. Cas Williams. (Daood), Mo. Ir: Elijall Smith. (Alahmud), I11.- .\Ir.-Alfred Lemons (Adam), Mo. Airs. Anna Brown (Hameedah), I11. .Xlrs.:P. Nathaniel Jonson (Fatlma)~ Mo.. Air. Allen Brown (Ahmad), IIL Mr. Alexander \Valker (Shafee); Mo. Air. Robert A[arshall (Hameed); Ill. • Air S F Ruff:in- ¢Laeeo) Mo - Air. :Milton l)iamond (Ahmad), .M0 ~Irs. Ida'l~edding'(Haf-sa') *.'MO. . " 'Air. Robert ' C. Jackson i (Aboo. Bekr), Mrs; James H. Emmanuel ([[afeez), Alo.: " . ~ " " -Mo. . . - : " . Miss IIelen At. Kent (Kfiadeeja), Mo.. Mr.Will Situs ~'Jameel Ahmad); M0. Mrs. Fred Carter (Omar), Mo. : "-" Airs. Argenia Carter (Salika); .Mo. Air; M. Brooks (Osman), Mo. ~ ." Mr. O. B. Swain (Aziz -\l'~mad).-AIo. Mr.Edward Sheffield (Allie), Mo. .... : Air. Joe Campbell (Mulmmme-d), At,,. Mr.i Wiley Alexander (lt'assan), Mo. ! AIRS: Sarah L. Slickney (Safeeah), Mkh. Mr. Lewis. Mitchell (Hussain), Mo. Mrs H Carr fNaeemaL Alidl. Air. James • Black (Zobeir); Mo. L Air. \Villiam McSwain (Usman). Ill. Air. Robert Wisdom (Khalid), Mo. - - AIiss Hatie Huford (Sikkeena), Ilk Mr.. James Haliberton (Abdullah), Ml,.- -- t Mrs. Florence.XVatts (Zeineb), Ill. =Mr. John Smith (Aloosa), Mo. .~.. Alr~ Isom Harrolld (Rash6ed), II1. "' M/-. Frank Brown (Ibrahim)/ Mo. ~.-. Air. John-VCeslev Avafit (Hassan), Mo. Air. Robert D. Jones (Salaud-din), Ah,. " ~ : Air. Alex James'(tlossian)~ Mo.. . ! :-Mr. Algie Martin (Siddick), AIo. Air. Douglas Gaines (Ahsan)..M0. - , , . Air. R;- L. Graham (Hafnid), .Mo.- - . ~Mr: Lewis Graham:(Ihsan), Mo .... ,. Miss May Francis Grallam (Aeysha); Air. W. M,-Fields (Hakeem). MO: '. Mo. " " : Mr. J. !l. l[ttmlfllries (tlakinO, Mo. : ' Air. C has. \Veils (l[atneei]), Mn. 116 THE M.OS LE M S U.NR ISE ..

Mr. R.hert: Arthur. R.l,ins.n I j alil Ah: to tilt. time whell tile cr.ss shall I)e su- mad 1. preme.in every land aud the l)e-ple of the M~'S: Roseth Ihlford (Fatima). Ill. wlr,le w.rM shall have become followers Mr. lal}lll ;Overton I Ilalweb Ahmad). (if Christ the plan to win this continent t. Mr. S. Ca.sey (Akbar), Mo. the~ faith .f the "'infidel Turk" will seem a Mr. Andrew Dugger (Rahiumllah). IlL thing unhelicvable. : But there is no douht Mr. Mathew, Rochelle (AzeemullahC" Ill. about its heing, actually well t'nder -waY Mr. Johu "Williams ~l,:ahmatnllah). 111. ~:r that it is I)eing..... pressed xvith all the Mr. Eugene Charles (Sameeullali), Ill.. fanatical zeill for which the Mohanmledans Mr. Charles \Vails I Kareemullah). Ill. are noted. - Moslems joined Ahmadia Movement: .\ litile nl.re thau a year ag- there ar- . Mr. Attic Riza .M,hamn~ad I..MUftizada rived in the Unit6H states a Mohammedati. of Turkey). Detroit• .Mich. -missionary Whois charged with the duty Air. Ozair \'ahyai (of All)anial Dowa-. "f sl)rea(lillg his ,%ith throughout the giac. ,Mich. length att(I breadth of North America; Ills name is .Mttfti .Muhammad Sadiq and he came from Oa:; an. punjab. India. where Press Notices are-the ' headquarters• ~ " E 6f what is lu~6wn as" the Ahmadia .Mtwement.]n Islam. -~[any articles hitve been imblisl~ed The'Alhnadia Movement is called after fit the American Daili/:s and week-, its fO.lluder, .~IIahlilud Ahnlad. whom the lies abottt our Ishtnfic work in this Mohamn~edians believe to .have I)een the e.ut~try, l;elow we give. extracts 4~elncarnation in this.modern'age of Jesus Ctirist. Christ the)'.regarll as :, "blessed Out of some of tl,~em: Iwophet." but secondary ill importance (l) .qyracuse Sunday llerahl of to their own .Mohammed. whom they June 25. 1922. dee-ted a wh~,le page term the :'greatest of all prophets." fu|lv describin.tX tile Moslem Mis- The speiSal concern of the Almmdia ..;.,.~ ;,. %...,-;,--, ,~;v;,1--,my l~lloto .Moveme~ is the spread oi .Mohaluniad- -~;.,-..-,J :)--...-2~ r...... ,~ .... ( .~,-- " "rml~m tnd tilt. c.nver~ion t,~ that faith pllOtO-g Ol tile .xlOSqtlt' "111(1 AIIII'IV- ': " , - --,', -' • '-. ' ...... J " • * ' I l ."1"4 . 111aU$"• . q"lg . "|)OSgll)le. - O tile loI OW- ette and the fac-smnle ol the I.ttle- ers. of Ch't'istlanity..'Judfiism. P, uddhism. • page of this Magazine. The article ,ud other religious. Its slogan is "'1 will is headed "'Trying to make Christian keep iny faith above the worhl." :\merica Muh]munadan'" and runs as .TIle way the Ahmadia .Movemeut ear- rles on Its" work bears a strollg reselllhl- f011ows: :race t0 tile methods of the missionary "The Christiati peoplq: of America arc org:!nizations "of the Christian chu¢c'hes. -spending millions of dollars every year ]Trom-the headquarters in India evangel. in the effort t# spread the gosl~el .(Cfirisl ists whose lives are dedicatL.d to spread: all .ver'the earth and c.nvert the I)eoph" ing tile teachings of .Mohammed as laid-. .f-every nation under the gUll lo ('brisk: down in the KOran are sent to" every tlaniLv, pai-t of tht. worhl where Mohannnedan- ." And while this tremendous .outlay is be- ;sin is not yet the dominating religion. ing inade to maintain .th6usands -f de- These evangeli~tg ~are "highly: educated" voted misskmaries in h,reJgn lands, nne men. speaking lminx;.languages, trained .f the-world's other great religi-ns is mak- for the w6rk. the~:: arL: doing. The( • _ ing a determined eff-rt, to gain- a f,~,~th.hl are called "missioners" aml their duties anll iq Christian America. /responsibilities e,,rrespond quite closeh- t-. The leaders ~d Molfammedaifism. m,l th.se laid i m our own missionary I,isl~(.ps: content with the •227.1)1|tl.11 I~ or re.re ad- AIre~idv |~esldes th~-,-missioner in .Amer;- herents that faith now has itl Turk6y. hi-. /ica there arcmissloners all over India, in dia and. t~tlier countries, arc turning their England, Burmah:. Ct]vlon/ China; Austra- ;mention "to. the United States and Canada;. lia; Mesopotamia, Persia. Arabia, I~gvpt: with the hope of making b.th tllosena- - [']asl and West Africa..'Uaurilius and a timls strongilolds .f [slatffism.- mmfl~er"-f .ther. places: M.re are helng~ They aim to make "tt~eir picturesque sent out just as fast as they cau be .traiued - mosques and the iowers fr.m/which th e and ftmds raised to carol on their work. muezzins issue their ~alls to prayer as nu- Dr:Sadiq; .as he calls himself, themis-: merous as our churches, and wheu that (lay - siouer assigned tO the task of Winning th6 - " arrives they are cOnfi0ent it )yiJl ndt he • United States aud-Canada to Islamism, is long before ihe crescent ~:ill overshadow shnwiug himself an aggressive'~0rker and the cross and.a great majority. ~if Au)eri- .is .appar)21ttly n~t -!~amperL'd hy re)y" lack . . cans wil l " 1I e follov,'" m ~ th e I w(ct"• 'l ~ts." ~ IId; " " of fti ni (b,s. Th e 1)r. gress he clailns t6 !lave - ".

down in the• Koran. • .. . . =/ ... made in tht. few mollths lie has:been here To the milholns ~,if Anlerlcan Christtaus leads some df "his adniirt~rs t6 thiuk tl~at- . l e,'ho haye so |ong h~ked eagerly forwat'd the day When ..\mt.rica shall be Mohamme- -

I THE MOSLEM SUNRISE 117

dan may dawn.~,:,,n~.r than they had hoped. J.--I haw' no father. In addition to several hundred converts 1. O.--llavc no father? Fmmy~ llow -whonl he reporLs WOll from x:arious Chris- were you horu? tian denominations, .he has done a great J.'~liraculously--without a father.. deal to renew interest in their faith among \Vhat is funny to you is right with God." tile thousands of Turks and other .Moham- Could you tell me how was Adam born medan people who-are living here. without a father and without a mother? Since Dr. Sadiq's :arrival here one 3,[o- I.O.--I do not know. Where do you hammedan mosque has. been Imilt tluently come from. and in every way. carefully iq Itlghland J.--lndi.a. " "- Park.: Mich.~ a "snburb ~f I)ctr0it. HerL.: . i, ().---What city? . the- Moslem missioner: has nmde his head- J.--Sirinagar, Cashmere. " " - ' quarters until recently when he moved hi ' I.O.~llow much money have yon? • Chicago. lie expects-in tile near futui'e " J.--I have no money with me." to see nlosques~;bnil[ in Chicago, New York l.-(.).--How will you live without money? .' and maitv othe'i.x •large cities. " - J.--I never think Of tnmorfow..Tnmor-" Reportsof the progr.ess of l)r. Sadiq's.. row wi'll thiuk Of itself. work are made in a magazine called "The " I..O:--Funn.v! we think of things in. Moslem Sunrise," of whicl! he is the edi- this cotlutry a ceuturv ahead. What is t,r and puhlisherand {vhich appears every', -your nationality "~ ~ three nlofitlis. : . -' '. - - " J.~I ama jew • . . - • : _ ° . . . Tills is a neatly printed affair of twenty- I. O--D0 you believe., iti the law of eight "pages. entirely, it( English, except f~:W- 31oses:whieli allows polygamy ?- an occasional Arableword. The front -' J2--Surelv I do. Whoever shall, hreak c~3ver design is ~signilicant of .what tile. least of the c6mlnandm'ents of tile law of.. zealous Mohammddans hope to accomplish.. .Moses he shall he called least in tile klng- It.show~; amap of jtlle Unit&l St,'ites and dora of heaven. Canada. with the two.' liati6ns hathed in 1. O. Why are your hands piei'eed? the heneliccut rays of the "'Risilig Sun of J..---I xfas tmjustlv nailed:to .tile cross. .Mohammedanism~" . - I.O.2-~,Vhat is vt]ur profession? The latest isslle 0f"The-Mosh'm Sun- J." 'I am a preacher of God's word. I . /'ist.." dated April,: 1!!'2"', prints :a list of speak" nothinglint what 1 am commanded- thirtyrthree American men and women hvJqim to say. " - who -are isaid, ti; have- recently ";acepted 71: ().--Have you any papers with you to Islam ill Ahmadia Movement." After their prove that you area preacher?. \mericau iianleg are given the Arahic titles J.~Nu. 1 need no papers. " which are assigned to them after they era- - 1. O.--XVill yon light for the country if hraee the Moslem faith. • z ever necessary?" I)r. Sadiq's magazine pritlts exttTtcts I.--1 do m'~t helievt~ in fighting. I lle,- fr, m the Kiwati. tile sacred book of tile lie~,'e only in love, ..X otia utlledalls..and.:also. ~lnotations fronl L O. "D(t you fallow drinlging wine? the Writings of the later prophet, Ahmad. J~l wouhl ex'en perform a miracle to Tht.re are numerous articles comparing .provide whle. if necessary, for a • feast or 31i41amnledanism With Cqlristiaifitv. and.al-:: so. ways. of course to the great disparagement ~ Dr: Sadiq thinks that after this question- : i!f.tl~elatter. : . " ' ' . ing the_immigration, authorities would de- .Under the heading "If Jesus Christ Cide: ' . " - Comes to Anierica," Dr. Sadiq tells Wliat~ -- "Tlmt Jesus cannot 1 e allowed to enter - • he .imagines wouldhaplien if tile Sa'~'ior this c0ur~trv because (1) he comes from applied for admission to the United states, i a laud whid~ is out of the\permitted zone; Under_ the present immigration la~vs. Th.e " t2) he-has no money wi~h him;. (3)he . -following is 'tlie diah;gue wlfich, he tie-. is not decently dressed;)(4)his hauds :~ scribes as taking ];lace hetween the immi-' have hoes ill ihd pahns- (5) he remains gration officer (l~ O.) and Jesus. (J.l: haref0e, ted Which is a disorderly act; (61 " ' 1. O.-=Please raise your hand to take an he. is against lighting for the country; i ,,atlf that all :you :say'will he trtie. .... (71 he helieves in makiug wine when fie '. J.~I-do not helieve ill taking o~ths.: It thinks it liecessary; (8) lie has no ere- is /lot right, l " deutials to show that he is all authorized , I: O.--What is "rout n,'inle? " preacher; (9) he believes in practicing i•! • J.~Jesus. " . - the la3v of Moses which allows poly- L O.~What is 3'our first ilame? gamy: bntLhe can appeal to the XVash- :i J.i-This. is my'first name. iugton office against this decision of I. O.--XVhat is your secoud llame ? ours.Y' .... J.--:I have nosecond name. This is my To this Dr. Sadiq thinks Je'sus' reply ,nly name. - would he: ~'[ would not submit any ap- I.O.mFunnyl What is your father's peal. It is evil to disallow a man like me llZlln~? jt~ ..... and resistance of. evil is against my prin- IIS THE MOSoLEM SUNRISE ciph-s. St) 1 .,hake the dust -ff my fct't, dogmas and doetrin.t.s. I)ut just a few facts ;elHI ~t, hat'l~: 1() tilt. t'h:trnlint~ [all(l',)l:-Ilill- ()1" l)ubiic illlerer;t arid ,qtita )h' 1c) a gt.u- (hl~tal|.'" . t'ral daily paper. The -,amt' is.~uc t,f ""l•he M,).~lctu Sunrise" 1.. Tile ~luhaumzadans (h.,n't call them- ct,ntaips inatlv cxprc.~si-tts of "appreei~lthm selves as ".Muhanmladmls." TInis is tile . " alld II~'t)nlises'(Jf SUl)l)ort [t~r tile nlagaziut.' " llalue given tO themby Europeans. Their and its editor, c uning front rt-aders .ill all name among themselves is ".Moslem" parts of the worhl. . which means. 4hie who ihas resigned his "I offer l)rayers f()r v()u five thncs dai|v," - will to" God.. - .- • writes one. ." ..... " ' 2. Tile M()slenls do not worship ,Mur "•The set'd of Islam sowed 1)v 3"(hi in .hammad. Muhammad is only a lnalf aud America," says another. "%rill s(ane day messenger of God. \Ve worshilrGod ahme. gr )w up. alfig, strotig tree• I se,:: an illus- (hie God like ihe Jt';~'~s at)d tile Unitarian trl-us• future. before you..)) . • . Christiaus believe. "ll l)rav Allah -will" give 3:(ill greater 2. Allah is not tilt, name of ally image strength '~ writes an "nglishw()mav. "'t() i)r Sel)arate deity. Allah is the Arabic: l)enetrate tht)se regions where the "glad lid- W(',rtl -for God. . - " ings o[ Islam arc vet unkm)wn, aud may 4, \Vc honor aud respecJL Jesus as oue Allah awake the w~whl tO a realization t~) of" ottr :l'nq)heis aml .Teachers.: \Ve be- grasp the true faith ram," whhin-its reach.'" lleve in Jesus as tile Christ; but not as "File religion which Mufti .\hihamnlad" the 0nly sou of God. Sadiq and his fellow-workers at:c striving ,5. '\Ve lielieve ill the Virgiu birth of : so earnestly to spread in.tAmerica was Jesus. - founded in tile seventh ceut{lry 1)y "a ft)r7 - 6. We beliex-e ill tile Sect)till Advent of iner camel driver. : This nlall, who" later " Christ ill tilt! petson i,f the Prophet "All- took the name of Mohammed. meaniug "he mad" of. Indi.a. • who will I)e praised," dreamed strange 7. ,\Ve helieve that Jesus Christ did not dreams and heard ,the v~Hce of the A0gel die on the cross, fiut was.taken down "while Gabriel, whose words Were afterward writ- fainting and gradually ire'rived. " ten down in a l~)ok called tile Korau. 8. All tile .Moslems arc m)t'Turks as all When he announced himself ll)e:.long- tile Christiaus a~-e not Rt'tssians. -~ expected l)rol)het serif by Allah to save lilt' . . (Dr:) St.': M. S:~I)IQ, . world his ueighhors oul~: laughed and called X " " t Portage. Hotel. him a lunaiic :aud a hore. Mohanuned fled M'ix (;. 19'".... to Medina, anti.there lie Was. soon sur- rotmded lw au iucreasiug uiuuher of f(,I- , " : ' ~--" lowers ' who I accepted lhe Islam. or . ub- " I'll "q'ROl'] i1,~'1"" OF ISI.AM. VISITOR mission to tile wilJ, of fh,d.'" Which hc ma~ t' - the high<:st of virtues. " I tI:.RF FOR _Ifl~CTURF~ : It is" believed that the chief reason ft)r "'Benton Harbe;t: got a glimpse, of a tile" astonishing success Of (he religh:n prolfllet .from Islam today in .the person foutlded liy ~Iohauuued la.~" ill tile siml)lic- of Dr..Muftl Muhammad Sadiq; of. High- ity of tile creed he taught..Ills followers land Park,;Mich., and editor of the Mos- were toht to love Allah. the merciful and lem Sunrise. Dr.:.Sadiq is tile first Mos- colnpassiunate ruler of ~ the world.. They iem missionary to be" sent to this eouu-

must' honor. atld-~iliev. ' - "r their parents, be- hun- - try from lndia:.by the..'~I0hammadau faith. est with their ne!ghhors, show" charity l ) lie is dressed as any:.Atnericau except that the poor and the sick. They i;.'ere-c0ln- he wears: the ll.irl)an of' Iudia, green, in manded to albstaiu from str0t'lV,., drink and color,, denoting his .religious work and alsn eat frugally. " " " : - indieatiug: that he comes from the edu- Regular chtlrch~gi)hlg was not rdquh;ed, but Mohamnwd 'conunanded his f(fllt~wers caredDr. class.Sadiq delivered a lecture ,n- .4i)irit-- ~to turn their faces.toward Mecca, the "]loly ualism at tile I. O. O. F. hall Sunday City, five times every, davand. say it. simple evening. " . . " prayer. In ~this country.two fears. spreading the " .ML;IIAMMAI).\N FAITI[ faith of tlie Prophet,'l)r. Sadiq declared I:XI)I.AINFA'j .'- . t~)day he had made 200 couverts, "more thau sotne of your misslonaries.have made (South Bend News-Times, May S. 1922.) . who came to "India, ~' he declared. The Fditor News-Times: I}iscussing Indian affairs, Dr. Sadiq de- . Dear Sir--I am the l:irst Representa- dared today" that the. educated Class of tive /of.the..Muhammadati Religion ill .tile lndia are m favor of British dbminiou country" aud just x•isitiug this towu for a g~)vernment for their empire. He is nol fe~ days. There are-some wroug ideas -a follower-of Gandlii tlle great Indian prevalent here about Gur faith which [ leader, now-in prison,- whose doctrine of - must correct and I will I)e much-obliged resistance to English rule has gained a t~) you if you will kindly insert these few large following. " . " llm:s.. I a)n not going to discuss sectarian ]:.ducated ill Indian schools, later ill Eng- TH E MO S L E M S U.N R I S E 119

land. I)r.. Sadiq sl, eaks excellent English. as disgu.sting as the successful rich. TI~e !le was St'lit here I,5" the Ahmadia move- trouble with both of them is that they . ment of India fotmded by the Prophet have made prosperity their god. .\l'mad of lndia."~Benton Ilarbor Daily "The West kept on.lynching the black News-Palladium, May 1, 1922. , m~u and rejecting the yellow men, while it is a misthke that-the editor ¢~,lled me it spoke of unR'ersal br,~ther'raod and hu- ;i Pr6pht~t in his article. A Pr6phet, ae- inanity. cording t~ the Sacred l_aw.-is only he -"Asia has lnRloubtedlv :a civilization who has been entitled hv God as such. No -..whose form is nohlcr tlmu ours,, hut it is ,me must be called a F;rophet for being .a dead. The dominating rtlig;.on of the -Teacher, Reformer or a Missloner.--Ed: ~{ )rient is the cult of tile tlt~ld. Tile beauty of tlie Orient is the heantv of a lifeless The Awakening of the West statue. " . . "The West is ugly, it is wicked, it is "['he learned T)r..Frank Cr,aiie's - violent..But it has in it; the one thing very i'eadal)le editorial in "The needful." whirl1 is life." .... Cdri~ent Opinion'" for Al)ril ,. '22, . ] . - "headed as "What the Orient Thinks ~: of .Us" might be taken up as a sign . - .::. : :.

the realities of-facts: \Ve give "i.:i: ::i ' few excerl~ts out Of it here and .... . recommend the wliole to-those who i " : -- like to read.a substantial tlfinkhtg mind. . . " . "China. and still :more Jal,an,deslfise the : " " western foreigners hecause they have.re.- • ceived- so :many .hunfiliatlng:proofs of our - - immorality, and profound hypocrisy. "For it~stance and first of all; the re-. ligiou of the-Fast aplwars to them milch more rational tha!l ottrs, l;ut tile prin- cipal, point ill regard, to re~igion and it may" he reulemhered that itS. religion is •w!lere races most profi3uu(lly {lifferL--"is the • fact .that. whatever their relig~ou may he. ill" the East thcypractise it, while in the West. not only do we .not practise our re- : • ligion, hut we'gpeuly make a hoast Of not p/'actisinglit, and ridicule any among us who claims that he does practise it. ~'The religkm Of the Orient may he all- wroug, but at least Orientals are honest • about it,-and .its precepis are kept by .all classes, from the nloM e.xalted .Mandarin to the lowest coolie¢ and are kept quite as muchbythe courtesan arid the thief as by the priest-and the college professor. - "~TheV look with ;mlazement npon a civ- " ilizatioh such as onrs. which constantly preadles oue set of pt~inciples,, such as brotllerly love, nonresistance, honesty, for-. hearance. : charity and helpfulness, and whose whole business life is organizedon principles directly contrary to these, and whose every act of politles-id a negation of the creed which is preached iu the churches. "Western civilization has "created wist legal monsters withi*ut souls, such as .trusts, stock 'companies. aud other-inhu- SHEIK AHMAD DIN man combinations of Capital. Mr. P. Nathaniel Jonson. a zealous Bolshew_m ~s nothing but a manifes- worker for ]slam. appointed a sheik to lation of that malady which sprea,Js work among his people in the district of throughout allthe West; like all socialism. St. Louis and vicinity. He has already its spirit is purely material, and. to tile -~ecured many converts to Islam in ~)riental tlie cry of the envious poor" is .\hnladia movement. 120 T H E M O S L'E,M SU N R I $ E \

My Allah Is Calling Me 1 hear mv .\llah calling me,

Stand asi(le Oil crowd that 1 may tlee. i . - . • .-, Leaviug behiud all vain.discourse ...... Stop not my. flight.to yonder.source. : . •

Mv Allah is .calling me.- .... • Far,: iar beyond the dark sea ;. : -!.Y'e wh6 xvt~uld Stop my tlight. Must perish or end the strife. -

i hearimy Allah callit~ .me. And at: ]-tis call 1 bend my knee "' lmM()rin~ llim to lead me safely te ";' -) I,*~-eeing-f~ae forever from those" wll

3Iv Allah is calling me, " .,kt'ad I must leare my friends a F.0rever faithfulto the Call. Lest into chaos] shall:falE

" i' [ hear mv Allah calling me. . :. " His illum'ined light my soul " -( From the darkened night my •:::'i ii.:• Dr) not v.sk me When t)r .wh

...... -' Come, .c,,me. 0 child c)fGo.. - : ' '-: Free thx'self fr,)m the withered Sod: ; ::.:i... Drop fc~re;,~er the t~oul)ied.hmd: :.' / :::.:) ~*: -.--:

]Aft thv soul t()mY, . abode: • _, " .-" '? " "L" .:: ..... RAII:VI'UI.I.AII .MUSTAFA: TIIAHA "

. • . - -, (3Its. Gather). : ..... • ...

THE 'CHRISTIAN -ATROCITIES .Jews in lumdreds and :tlaousands-- UPON JEWS killed just because ithey are. not Christians .... . There seems t. ibe no end of (2~hristians' massacring Jews. Every ~;ear of the ]:uropeata hist,rv is-re~i" TWENTV-FIVE -MILLION WOMEN xx:ith the ]ewi.~h hh~)od mercilessJv A l)usvstatisticiau h Is i.added ui) all the census l~gures he has 1)een ableto locate shed lay their Christian neighbors. in F.urol)t'. lie has discovered'the fact The cafflegr~tnl ,f..I une 8-22 brought that ill ];'.ttrol)o the; Wtltnetl are -now 23.- the horril)le news.of another Jew- t)(ltl.(ll)tl hr (?xcess of the men. "The cha)lRe ish pogrom in Ukrania. "'Tlmus- it~ the ratio ,ff women to men is. said t. ands of ]ews are reported t. have he the result of the war .... ~l)een killed and wounded in. recent l:~r such. nec¢.ssities, was the -l;a((; of [sl,'im originated. - " disorders in Ukrania.'" Thous- andgl The death of a single, re- ..,said "th(:-sparrOw to:the i~obitt. "I shouh bellious, Armeniah prose{luted and - really like to know . - punished by the ruliug Turk makes .Why these.auxious: bureau, heiugs' rush - thewhole West shudder with anger, around and worD: so." - . but 11o one is moved a lilt when tiC'. Said the robin to the sparrow. "Friend, 1. - •" think that it must he~ " - meek lambs ()f Jesus ' make the , That.they have no he;tvenly Father. ' such wholesale, butchery" ,Jr tile ilanocelat as cares for you.and me." THE MOSLEM SUNRISE. I~.I

A MESSAGE REGARDING Earth which, verifies the divine mis- ISLAM sion of all the prophets, for instance To \Vilo-m It Ma~: Cbncern.. Sa'- --Moses the Lawgiver, Abrahain the t,., laams (or Salutati~3n to .All.) l'atriarch. Jesus Christ; etc, Ac- cording to I_41hm all of them were Dr. Mnfti Muhamntad Sadiq, a 3[oslenls and all proclaimed well known theologian and Mis- flaroughuut the 17;nity of God which sionary of Islam connected with the is stne qua nou m Islam. AS there ~\hmadia M-rn-ement, is now amongst:: is a l)rocess of slow. but. constant you. if you have not seen orheard, construction and. [lestruction.in all Jfim just drop a letter :to him ask- earthh" things; and old order -.:big for sonle literature or inforfim- changes giving place to new. it is but . t.i~,l about his mission and you are natural that laws pertaining to rer •sure ~oi get a reply, fron ! liim.-i His. ligion niay also be -revised; ..con: ~;erv. printed letterheading will give s{didated, amended and repealed " vot1.an.impression of what lie isV~m(l from time to time just as our man f.r/what he sta.nds. You yv:ill find- made laws are sttbject to periodical " ;i neat little block of liis photo changes to meet .the requirements of printed at the corner whiCli ix;illtell, the t~mi~. AS in earthly laws, the • its:0wn tale. Face is the index Of' basic principle renmins "intact:.sav. .character ~ind.so for ;t ~phvsi0gnom- for instance, the constitution 0r file : ist it will speak Voitnnes ~fftlae lat- form 0f'government~ so the funda- cnt liglit, wliicll lie carries in his me ptal principle of a religion such person. " ...... ~ as in islam is the unity o[ God re- - . In, thebegimling )'oil .will find mains unaltered. Methbds may dif~ -the. greeting of "AS-Salam:o-Ala.i -. fer I)ut the aim is ahvays one antl k "tnn . ~ t..e..peace" " : be upon .vott. one . the same. • :and all, This is one of thecom, l=41amis not.a self:made religion tnandments of Islam... Peace in- but it claims to be as old as-the eludesall sorts of peace, peace of world hseJf: Even the Angels above mind. peace of body,, peace of in-. proclaim and. profess Islam and .' dividuals andof nations..I, • eace., a:"S frothing-else:" Islam has stoOd the +8 v ,u know, is Such ,an nnportant test Of all countries and it spread- : ~ thing that it.may be calledthe very into India. China and:elsewhere, b_v. ~F desideratumiff.la.uman li{e.. Peace meek antl humble Moslems-and . is self-protection or self-defense and never bv.Gox'ernment aid or through- ' if voti goa little fnrther you will the inl~uence of weal+thy Mission- find-peace mi absolute or the bio- aries. Islam does its work automa- h~gical necessitx~ for. the develop- ticalh" once it is introduced prop-- nent of the whole world..~ ou have . erly. " The diamond, while buried in nmde Peace Societies in America to . the earth..xx:as apparently of no more espouseits Cause, buttheMufti will " value thana common stone. It was - - tell .x'6u that~thisl)eace is the best When it .xx~as brought out from the watchword and the onh" fornr, of minesand polished and cntand put salutation in Islant and filr superior in a positicm :to catch the rays of t,p;-all known forms of salutes in- .light st:} that it Could 1)e :slafB~;n off ciuding the tinle-indicating "Good- at its true worth ttmt it was fully Morning," "Good Eveninff." "Good appreciated. It-is .just .-so witi~ Night," and so on. The Mufti:~vill. ~Islam. The MUfti represents Islam tell you that he preaches-no new re- -and the rays of light are reflected ligion btti: the one and -same which by: his journal the: Moslem Sunrise. -all prophets professed front Adam (4448 W.a~h~Ave., Chicago , Ill., to our Lord Muhammad .(Peace be U.. S. A.). witl; his soul). Islam i.g the.only religion on earth Islam is the only: Religion on that can-stand the strictest test of 1o2 THE MOSLEM SUNRISE

Science. It has 1~othing. to recast backed by huge funds or magnates or reshape like other religions to. and plutocrats and must be-living make it science-proof. Islam is the plainly therefore, not:in the palatial only cure for Materialism whicli has or gky scraper buildings and hence sprung up owing to the conflict be- would not be ina position to spend tween Science and Religion. l.:x-erv lavishly in his propaganda.i But w.rd of.Koran bears the scientitic -you must realize thisfact, that all truth hitherto known to man ,xnd if / great achievements in the.-doinain anybody who knows the modern of science or religion', were 0nly made hy plaill livers anti high tl~ink- ,, Science reads it citrefullv lie will ers. The day is not distant, when find copious matter in Jr'to/testify Islam will count in America in.its that only God can thus reveal such :f.ld many Corthy Stills O[ America. scientific truthcs and n01~odyelse. It lslam never tells ¢oti to reject the is not the place to give or quote l~rophethood.of Jesus Christ. Islam verses now. I quote here how- is a: Monotheigm. mid says he was ever. a few of manv. ~'irtues of not the son of God lint ilie son of lsknn just t:O convince tfiose who have Mat'v. islam /'ejects Trinity.which n-t knoxx~n Islam :througll original : is +u~ldiml~tedlv a nian-made theory source,s. Just-look at tim prohibition and isnot tobe found in the-x~'ords .f drinking in the United. Statesr by of Christ or .f " Moses- in his Ohl htw. Islam has had this law [since the 13th century and a little more. 71"estament" those -? 3lay God give light to all (]amhling is equally prohibited by not dista{{t wa0 Wish to follow the right path Islam and the day is , . =~'x'-~anci as Koran Says "There is m, when the characteristic leatttres-or .... lslam will he adopted b'¢..all civil- compulsion .m reh~,mn, and there- ized ~overnments. The ~ Ahmadia f0re,:Trtath must brinff people int, 3[ovel";lent in Islam Was the first'to G0d-s lSath b\" Scientific reasonin,~ congratulate :\merica oll its p.rol~i= and g00 d speeches. Peace be Un.tcJ you. bition of drinking and. 1 'believe I.ATIF. M. A., Ph. D. .through Mufti Saheb who ~was ~then ~.;:\ZI ,\...... JournalisC. in England. • Islam is an ideal.religion and is such as. no htlman mind can. invent List of Books to Be Lent and a better. It has every: virtue of • : for Sale Socialism. Islam prettches equality l~h,lv -L)uran Part 1-. Arabic and brotherhood. It does not fftvor Text "itnd "~ English Trans_lati0~'i of "in the least color, race or creed klis- the Sacred "Book of Islam with. tinctions.' Islam is a Cosmopolitici .ri,ginal;,~ and exhaustlv'e notes. Com- religion and can make its horn 9 mentary,.etc., editdd by a commit- everywhere~ it is as pleasing to the- l'rinces as it is lb the hewers of tee of Muslim scholars in India. • . wood and carriers of water. Veril+ Mighty Signs of the Living God. " " Confutat[o1~ of Atheism (by a. ISlam is the soruce of happiness in. this ,world and after. ~'\11 itsreli- Muslim Saint). . .. ~gus observances aim toxvai-d the Islam versus Civilization. health and llappiness of irs follow- Reyiew of Religi0ns.~a.monthly ers. Islam never expects yofi to magazine): Io.k onthe world with disdain and " ~:. : do l)enances or suffer hardships or- any unnatural thing.: 'It has uo . -. -. forced dogmas or any .mysterious thinff. It is a plain, sunple and naked truth. It is true that our Mufti is not

• . " . . THE MOSLE. M SUNRISE 1~8

Pr~,ft~.ssor Montt.h: "Islam is a religion Significant sayings of the that is essentially rati,,nalistic it, the widest Famous Men of the Day s,..,.,e ,,f this tern, c-nsidered etymolog- • Icalh' and historically. To helievers, tfac ~. "The Chris{tan Church h-peh.sslv di- Mul{annnadan creed is stnnmed Ul~ in be- vided."--D. A. Sommer; lief in the mlity: of God and in the mis- "'It is a fact that the Puritans utterly_ sjon of His Prophet; and to ourselves who exterminated whole trihes of red .Indians coldly analyze l~s doctrines to belief in -fAmerich. Under their lieartless cruelty God and future life; these, two dogmas, aud .cold-blooded policy, these trihes all the minimum of religious helicf, statement vanished at the approach of these Englisli .that to,he rdigious man rest 0iv the firm -aints and civilizers."--rCtiarles x.V. Meyers. hasis of reason, sum up the whole doc- trinal:teaching of the Quran. The sim- "'There are Six hundred different sects "dicitl md ...... " " "" " tCel~ "stll~ i:~; "'~d~; g~a " .... ": , , ", cwar,less ol uns teaclung are ~','l rl n e u ' ']aaotl~.det[',e ~li[eo'~ certainly among the ,host obvious forces " " ' - ' " " -''" -- " at work ill tile religion and the!-missionary I larmonizer.. . - . activity of Islam. A creed so precise, so .) "Scrap the churchgs along with the bz/t- ! stripped ofall theological complexities and tleships. Protestantism is as dead today " conseqnently so access,hie to the ordinary as medieval Catholicism." I)r. lohn understanding might-he expected to pos- i" I laynes Ilolmcs. - " " scss and does indeed possess a: marvelous .... po.wer of winning its way into the colt- "'The n'umher of addicts to drugs (mor- sciences of-men." phihe, etc.).in United States in lgl ° was ,,he million or 1 per cent of .,lie poulaiion." -"I hav/e Scientific -proof that soul lives -T..D. Cr0thers in Report. on after body dies. During thirty years of rdseardl and-study I examine'd •4.800 :'Muhammcd declared many spiritual cases, of alleged communication with tile truths--truths that liave beet,-verified hy dead. After a careful selection I have re- • .. psycllologlcal researcla."--Am!r_.~J. Davis. tained'several hundred of.these as proof." . - "Tile Christian Churches of the West- Camille Flammarion. . t.rn World must put themselves immedi- "Millions of young people get their klea atcly it, the line with the-progressive more- of life from the movhlg llietures and get a • sate Its sweeping the.world or new rehgton> xt.~- wrong idea. --N- ~. Tr,hune. k.aders will arise oUt 0f :Buddhism. Mo- "Bible-has retarded I the moral and in- hanlmedanism and other sources of the tellectual development of the human race." •ar East. " Mr. Lewis. Airs: IIrirrict I.uella 3IcCollum. felninist .... Dancing is it rofid to ruin for many and a psychologist,'-says: "Mai'riage girls, and swimming schools aFe hreeders 'iI ..hould be made very difficult attd divorce of disease and lo6se talk." Superintendent very easy." and she even advocates '~tent- White. l,~rary wifehood." Sh'e thinks there should "There is too much liberation of doe- - he special marriage laws "to protect fife trine. Faith in theBibie is broken down. exceptional women." ' We have not come from monkeys, but it's "immorality has i!lcrease¢l, profanity is • dead certain we're, going back that way." rampant, standards of social and domestic wren;. F..-Norris. , " - Imrity liave beefi lowered, and forms of sill "Jazz is- poisoning marriage at its are nov¢ ioleratt2d as- they were not llefore. source. Marriage has lost its meaning. The fine delicacy and ntodesty.which were: Chihllesg marriages are defeating- the .pur- - tile crowning glory nf womanhood have .IJr)ses of life. -- They are Godless marriages largely disappeared'."---Bishop l~erry. caring at the roots of otir civilization.""

ped.. Its step is leaden: its spirit is ~Rev. C. L. Godell, of New York: ~ I greatest men known to history.". ?Characteristics of tl)e days of Noah are . .Thomas R. Marshall. former Vice Presi- :. hi:ing reproduced 'ill our dav'."--Rev. 1"[. C: Fulton. " . " dent of the United States---"It is far more • . - important in-the relationsof life just now Dr. A. Ti'id,m; a leading authorityl ill to. have a fear of hell than a hope of psvchol0g3-" *'It is entirely possible for- heavenY . " " " .... " one man "to love 10 9 per "cent two differ- " LothroPp Stoddard (the famous author) " il : ent women. Our dual nature makes it;:: --"Islam is at once a so,ritual lmnd~and - possiblefor, us to love two individuals a dvn;imic force of tremendous - tencv :-:wholeheartedlv."* • . . . . ~ . . -. v.u .,...... The s(q:ond-coming monstrosity is-the • According to tilt. l|oly Quiau a man cammt Central shame .'of Christianity. Second- hsve two women equally, thet;efore he is en- i,dned not tc~ inclil:t, t~, ,me t,~ much. lint-kyt.p Comingl people rnln tile churches,"--The -

,-;.nea.r the b:dance as p~sgihle.---Ed. " Christian .register. 1~ THE MOSLEM SUNRISE

Expressions of Appreciation .~Ir. v. IL R,,weIl. Lundon (Canada)-- - "'The Sluklenl Sunrise N,,. 4 is a credit- - Gliulam XabiZGujrat--:'l consider it a able and interesting nnmber." means of getting my prayers accep.ted by Shajkh Abdullah c.\Ir, l. L. Mott)--"l God 10 offer prayers for you." -do not care what uther ~|oslems in-India ." • - - or elsewhere thiuk or do, I am for His • Miss Dora Evans, Rochester--"• praise Holiness-Mirza Bashirud Din Mahmud ~:ou for your good work in:this country. Ahmad as ?Thc Leader" Of tl/e- day and ~'ou have hall a R~od. hick aml fortuhe his-American r.eprese'ntative, the illustt:i- u'hich other iw_.ple camlgt gain.", ous MUfti Muhammad Sadiq, and .ill this " 1 ~:xpress the'sen'tlments of all mi" friends. " .Muhamnaad .\li Khan, Sl~ahjmqiur:-7"[ " Verily, we.'are for His Holines~.hnd for • very milch like tlie Me-isles Sunrise in its. you, :lirst,last and all i11+2-tithe. Rest as- " simple S~tyle. interesting, and pithy short ~'sured that uo olie. Indian or anvonie else. : articles at)d exceUent atraugelllt?llt.'" .. will .be perm{ited tit harshly critlcise ~ or • + + .... - condemn the Promised Ahmad in Ill,." pres- .M, S. Soadozai--"lIis EXcelleuc# the ence.". See page Ill .for .the Shaikll's pie:.. Afghau Minister wi~hes you all succesS." lure. " . . . " :i + .- - . . '.. -

Sister sahna (England)-"I Wishl could : . Xliss Betty Morgan--:';Th~,. Moslem, Snn-: " findlanguagd with whirl1 to clothe my ap:" rise Is .very senslme aml Ulterestnlg. . . preclation :of the April number-of the • Sheikh Ghnlam.Alimad"I pra~-:for y~m M.o.slem Su!~rise~; .it is full +to' overflowing constantly and will ever (]'nsha:Allall) con- 3vttll just tile rlgllt .itllougllts +to he!p auc! '. tiuue to urav, but I in'form v0u.tff, a.spe ~ • 'comfort aud provide'spiritual sustenance, cial prax;er f~fferetl under thecontrol of tht. + I hay/: Often wemdered whothought onthc Almighty Lord." altractiw2 cover. Personally: I find:that it " " ~t...., ...... ~ ...... i~t,t ,h,, ih.:.~ uf Brother Abdul ! laqq ( C.- F Sieved, right dtl~ggV.~. %.ul|t i.. ~ tip lilt ill u ttl~, u~ - t ...... the smishine,/upon a lield of corn. :Cer- ,-7 Tim readmg=matter n~.Nn.: 4. Mosle:l tainly greatcre¢lit i.g due to vourgooff'.self .~.utlt'tse: us mor.t:' e~!ucaung than" ever. I ~Sl - .. and to all those wlin have ~c loss•l- .~tltb cnally md t uotlce the conlnlanemaeuts lrom ported ~'ou." ~ AlOuran on. pages ,8 laud +~.J tile method +,f which is what tile Unlearned will..easil.v Sliss C. R.--'*. . ~. Now that I ktloW tntderstand andl~ok forward toa. coo- what Islam is, i believe it: 1 was a ~:on- tinuauce of that style of translating-the firflnedagmostic until I foundIslam. I.see beauties of ihe Quran in future issues of my errors and am attemptmg to ftdlow the : the excellent :Moslem Sunrise. right path I tr;,; t¢~ i~ithtence uiv :frlelids~" " ,i. '-, ~- • • L,~ ' ,. ~ ,- " 'n + ". , - , - " ' xx'; .Xl. j.nana . tL.eyIOll/--"X +Dlt are u - by lettmg them. read. the impels +7~tl ~en:t eartlfing the unexldnred regions-.of the pasi .nee. i ,. waut• tntsreltglon, , - tos." I real, '~ - .,, 'and tile- 1 resent.glory • (ff Islam +. ~ -our - pro-- - nave (lone very lUUCll lilt lUe an(l "1' ?Will - ..... : ~- f" " ~ " -" X¢ " . : -,i , .... , e • • lure Ot Hazrat I-lateemas l)atll to .Jecea never lorgel, l ia(l it lint J~ee 1 lot You I • . • , .-.- +~ ' + • , ..,, • • . . - , . , " - IS all I(lCal re|)reselliatlo112 - + - WOUl(I $IUl I)e striving, m tmrmless-est.'you " • assured me of the truth and 1 found light+" Sister .Burkut (Mrs+ B. G. Sullivan,Chi- i ' : , • " :" • " cago)--?l ain:sincere in n iy reverence f0r SirajudTdiu. 1,areilly'-:-".May .Allah bless, the Moslem faith and Iheliev/~ it to he a- -your work aqd lease. I offer toGod many " perfect v¢~rld rellgion.' that, could+ refortn -: a prayer:for you. reciting y,,ur ,lame and i " + =?s +" ., ..+ i .? .." elljov+ ++++.++ _it +very ++.++ much. ++o+Each +++ day +,rings++ ++ a ;:i +iie:e~+~; M. S'.:' Chatidhri (Mavlalmr)--"Your+ ' + writings :are light np, m llgJit." ." + " ertions iieart]lv. + The "Christian 'mission- - X.... ,r .~ -...... aries in Turkey have+ Won no success. Their ItS. I'.. xxadt; t Lalnorlua)-~:~'Th~: xi'or!d .+ con~'ertS are such as accepted their i faltli -": - would • be a . nice. plaee-.to. .."live |n. if" Veers:. + - +• on"l. 1}e c ~au.e s tile v l;enwett 'i'c .... In lt+l)Ut".... necause" +"

nile had the )eantlftll spirit. .your rehglrm:.. ' they. + veere+ offered fat'¢ . salarie.~oo '+ -- - teaches." I • - • , : . .i • +,: -' Sirs..'Xlaw¢:Azebza) .XI~ (Glasgow)--¢'I AttOrney H. \Vilc,x--"All who l~.catue liave doxle lily utmost to live" tlp to my Mog: acquainted with you while here (Chicago). -lem faith and I pray Allah grantall our. " rememlier you with delight aud sty time prax.erS.- " . :

you return tO tile city bur churches will + " ~ : " .x : " " " " r " ~n ,..t~o~.-;ou"' " .- '- " Meluned Resliid..Yecri'tarcMinlstrv Of • all .+~S.S~ *U~ + • • . .... + " • . " " + - " ..... : Forezqn "Affairs:..Constantinople--'It is . • • 3Ir. john A. Randolph, Seat.tle--r"Ah+ + tnost+gratifyitig.tu see.that a.learned malt . inadia.Movement is'a supreme missiom It.. like voli is working tO exalt tile Word of is-a hlessing to the suffering laUmanitv. h " Goc! "and to-extend the kingdom of our. universal effort to free flte+spirh in "thi~-: + Prophet." "YoU are the Spiritlial guide oi . h+mdaite.3' " " Islam in+the United States." - . : : , • . " . . . .

: . . . .

i: ¸ i D.:~.T. D.S.T.: i ii ::':" -:_':i'{ 1.: R~-,chester. U.S.A...Minn.,. .

. ; :.... 1_ :-- ORE~OS - i - This Certifics that: ..-,_ ...... ° ~ .o i. ~ Mz~ ti Muharmnad Sadiq . ; ;l- : h~,~in~Comii~et~i:o;x~ c~,,~-~ i.~? ~ ":: ij ::) i has been giveia thL~ Diploma, and ' I isrc.commendcd bvus as=acompctem i : MENTAL SCIENTIST ".:-:: • " x~qth~dlrights perminingt i Signed an/1 sealed i this 27th da~ of Mar.

' j" : i .~. ROaEdTS. Raws,

i ~----.~ ~ i : ::'! L ! iili: ¸¸ i:(i;~i? :i '% ~>:::::: !:-~

~-~ ~ ~: :I~I~L'" :~ ~ ~" ~7:~i~/~ ~?:ilLi!i~ ~~':;:. i:~i~!~ i~ ~i~i~ ~!~ ~ '~i~ ~ ~i~i~ i.~i!~.~~:~i'.i~.~ ! ~.!~ ~ ~ ~i~.~,.~ ' ~:~ ~iiii~!~iii~:.~i ~ ~ • ~