The Legacy of Sir Aurel Stein
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Leprosy and Other Skin Disorders
Copyright by Robert Joseph Gallagher 2014 The report committee for Robert Joseph Gallagher Certifies that this is the approved version of the following report: An Annotated Translation of Chapter 7 of the Carakasaṃhitā Cikitsāsthāna: Leprosy and Other Skin Disorders APPROVED BY SUPERVISING COMMITTEE: Supervisor: __________________________________ Donald R. Davis _________________________________ Joel Brereton An Annotated Translation of Chapter 7 of the Carakasaṃhitā Cikitsāsthāna: Leprosy and Other Skin Disorders by Robert Joseph Gallagher, B.A., M.A. Report Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment for the degree of Master of Arts University of Texas at Austin May 2014 Dedication To my wife Virginia and our two daughters Michelle and Amy, who showed patience and understanding during my long hours of absence from their lives, while I worked on mastering the intricacies of the complex but very rewarding language of Sanskrit. In addition, extra kudos are in order for thirteen year-old Michelle for her technical support in preparing this report. Acknowledgements I wish to thank all the members of the South Asia team at UT Austin, including Prof. Joel Brereton, Merry Burlingham, Prof. Don Davis, Prof. Oliver Freiberger, Prof. Edeltraud Harzer, Prof. Patrick Olivelle, Mary Rader, Prof. Martha Selby and Jennifer Tipton. Each one has helped me along this path to completion of the M.A. degree. At the time of my last serious academic research, I used a typewriter to put my thoughts on paper. The transition from white-out to pdf has been challenging for me at times, and I appreciate all the help given to me by the members of the South Asia team. -
The Expeditions to Tocharistan*
HANNES A. FELLNER The Expeditions to Tocharistan* I have been in love many times, but Asia remained my bride. She has held me captive in her cold embrace, and out of jealousy would never let me love any other. And I have been faithful to her, that is certain. Sven Hedin Introduction Tocharian studies within Indo-European linguistics seem compared to the studies of other branches of the Indo-European family to suffer from a little underdevelopment. One of the * I would like to express my gratitude to my teacher, Melanie Malzahn, for her patience, generosity and encouragement as well as for her very helpful comments on earlier drafts of this paper. Tocharian just like the Anatolian branch of Indo-European was dis- covered only at the beginning of the 20th century. Consequently, the study on both branches lacks a research tradition reaching back hun- dreds of years like it was the case with Sanskrit, Ancient Greek or Latin. But it is to emphasize that in this respect Anatolian was some- what more fortunate than Tocharian. Assyriology provided methods and experiences in the investigation of a cuneiform language like Hit- tite. The Hittites were also known from a lot of very important and diverse sources like the Old Testament and Ancient Egyptian records, so there was a more general interest for research in this language from very different fields right from the beginning. After the decipherment and proof that Hittite is an Indo-European language, KuryLowicz showed that it was possible to trace some of the Hittite (_) signs back to Saussure’s “coefficients sonantiques” and as a consequence at least some of the Indo-European scholars at that time recognized the im- portance of this branch immediately. -
A Study of Ancient Paper Fragments from an Eastern Han Dynasty Tomb in Minfeng County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Xiaocen Li, Jinlong Guo, Bo Wang
A Study of Ancient Paper Fragments from an Eastern Han Dynasty Tomb in Minfeng County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Xiaocen Li, Jinlong Guo, Bo Wang To cite this version: Xiaocen Li, Jinlong Guo, Bo Wang. A Study of Ancient Paper Fragments from an Eastern Han Dynasty Tomb in Minfeng County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. Chinese Cultural Relics, Eastview Press, 2016, pp.366-370. hal-03221031 HAL Id: hal-03221031 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03221031 Submitted on 10 May 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Archaeology of Science and Technology A Study of Ancient Paper Fragments from an Eastern Han Dynasty Tomb in Minfeng County, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Xiaocen Li Professor, Research Center for Science, Technology and Civilization, University of Science and Technology, Beijing Jinlong Guo Associate Research Fellow, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Museum Bo Wang Research Fellow, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Museum n 1959, a joint husband-and-wife burial in the area of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region. dating to the Eastern Han Dynasty was The first was when British archaeologist Sir Marc uncovered in the Taklamakhan Desert Aurel Stein unearthed from an undated context two north of Minfeng County, Xinjiang Uygur paper fragments with writing in Lop Nur [a dried AutonomousI Region. -
The Visit to the Ancient Cities of Turkistan Buried Under Sand*
bilig SUMMER 2021/NUMBER 98 147-163 The Visit to the Ancient Cities of Turkistan Buried Under Sand* Tevfik Orçun Özgün** Abstract In a period when cultural background and geographical characteristics of ancient Turkestan cities became a field of interest for the British, Douglas Forsyth and his team’s journey to the East Turkestan in 1873, aside from its diplomatic and economic purpose, brought efforts to understand and explore Central Asia and East Turkestan more comprehensively. Thus, this visit was turned into a pursuit of cultural traces with the thought of old settlements buried under the sand with a mythical reputation and their sacred treasures. Relationship between the Yakub Beg, ruler of the East Turkestan, and British-Kashgar Khanate was lacking mutual trust during the period of the visit. Despite the inconvenient conditions, treasures and cultural traces gathered thanks to those expeditions carried out in Hotan and its vicinity, increased the academic interest towards the region. Keywords Kashgar Khanate, Douglas Forsyth, ancient cities, East Turkestan, expedition. * Date of Arrival: 28 July 2020 – Date of Acceptance: 05 October 2020 You can refer to this article as follows: Özgün, Tevfik Orçun. “The Visit to the Ancient Cities of Turkistan Buried Under Sand.” bilig, no. 98, 2021, pp. 147-163. ** Dr., Hacettepe University, Institute of Turkish Studies – Ankara/Turkey ORCID: 0000-0003-3796-6098 [email protected] 147 bilig • Özgün, The Visit to the Ancient Cities of Turkistan Buried Under Sand • SUMMER 2021/NUMBER 98 Introduction British visits to Central Asia since 1868 and geographical and commercial expeditions of George Hayward and Bernard Shaw were accelerated with the influence of liberal movement. -
The Features of the Interpretation of Mañgala-Symbols in Buddhist Sanskrit Manuscripts from Central Asia
S. Shomakhmadov THE FEATURES OF THE INTERPRETATION OF MAÑGALA-SYMBOLS IN BUDDHIST SANSKRIT MANUSCRIPTS FROM CENTRAL ASIA Palaeographers working with the Buddhist MSS debate identified the ideogram of initial mañgala-Ğloka as .[5] ۦabout the interpretation of the mañgala-symbols opening o the Buddhist manuscript texts. The main problem of this In the 20s of 20th century E. Hultzsch (1857—1927) dispute is how to interpret ornamental symbols-ideo- solved this problem researching the epigraphic mate- grams (per se — logograms) at the beginning of the text: rial — namely, the AĞoka's Rock Edicts [6]. as siddham or (more rarely) as svasti? As Lore The discovery of ancient manuscripts near Gilgit in ,ۦas o Sander (Germany) points out, such question arises when 1936 gave a new impulse to the study of Central Asian studying the Gilgit manuscripts mainly [1]. At first Sanskrit manuscripts. N. Dutt and U. Wogihara were the glance, there is no fundamental difference between these leaders of that research process. After the World War II three openings: each of them represents the good wishes palaeographers turned to the studying of the Central Asia to adept before text reading. However, the accuracy and manuscript heritage again. So the dispute regarding the thoroughness of palaeographic science, as well as the interpretation of opening mañgala-symbols was contin- nuances of the etymology of the three sacred words, ued. We can distinguish three different point of views, require their clear identification. showing all possible answers to this question: -
1 Marc Aurel Stein Illustrated Rājataraṅgiṇī Together with Eugen
1 Marc Aurel Stein Illustrated Rājataraṅgiṇī Together with Eugen Hultzsch’s Critical Notes and Stein’s Maps 2 Studia Indologica Universitatis Halensis Band 6 Herausgegeben von Walter Slaje, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg unter Mitwirkung von Katrin Einicke und Andreas Pohlus 3 Marc Aurel Stein Illustrated Rājataraṅgiṇī Together with Eugen Hultzsch’s Critical Notes and Stein’s Maps Edited by Luther Obrock in Collaboration with Katrin Einicke 4 Luther Obrock is a doctoral candidate at the University of California, Berkeley. His research focuses on Sanskrit in Kashmir during the Sultanate and Mughal Periods. Katrin Einicke holds a doctorate in Indology. She is a research associate at the Institute for Indology of the University of Halle. Gedruckt mit Mitteln des Indologischen Seminars der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnd.d-nb.de abrufbar. LXXVIII © Universitätsverlag Halle-Wittenberg, Halle an der Saale 2013 Printed in Germany. Alle Rechte, auch die des Nachdrucks von Auszügen, der photomechanischen Wiedergabe und der Übersetzung, vorbehalten. Umschlaggestaltung: Horst Stöllger – pixzicato GmbH, Hannover Satz und Layout: Claudius Naumann ISBN 978-3-86977-077-2 In memoriam Sir Marc Aurel Stein (26. 11. 1862 – 26. 10. 1943) on his 150th birthday Contents Foreword 9 Marc Aurel Stein: Illustrated Rājataraṅgiṇī 15 Prolegomena 17 Appendix I 23 Appendix II 35 Figures 1–47 illustrating Stein’s edition of the Rājataraṅgiṇī 63 Figures 48–82 illustrating Stein’s “Memoirs” 113 Literature and Indices 151 Untraced Photograph 153 Literature Cited 154 Place Names Included by Stein Without Specified Photographs 156 Index of Figures and Citations in Stein’s Rājataraṅgiṇī . -
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Int. J. Ayur. Pharma Research, 2014; 2(1): 11-16 ISSN: 2322 - 0910 International Journal of Ayurveda and Pharma Research Review Article MANUSCRIPTS IN INDIAN SYSTEM OF MEDICINE - A REVIEW Kundailia Neetika1*, Amartya Bose2, Saroch Vikas3 *1P.G. Scholar, Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, School of Ayurveda, Desh Bhagat University Mandigobindgarh (Punjab), India. 2P.G. Scholar, M.Pharmacy (Aurveda), Pune, India. 3Lecturer, Department of Rasashastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, School of Ayurveda, Desh Bhagat University Mandigobindgarh (Punjab), India. Received on: 11/11/2013 Revised on: 15/01/2014 Accepted on: 26/02/2014 ABSTRACT India has a rich intellectual and also a textual heritage that dates back to several hundreds of years. India culminates one of the largest collections of medical manuscripts of any civilization in the world. The different types of manuscripts in ISM (Indian System of Medicine) includes, Ayurveda that is spread all over India since antiquity along with Siddha this is mainly confined to South India, so rig-pa, which is confined to Tibetan plateau and Unani-Tibb this is Greco-Arabian system of medicine, which came to India along with the Muslims. A proper understanding in the review of ancient manuscripts revealed that the past existence of medical manuscripts evidences were available mainly in four forms those were Bhurja patra (palm leaves), old handmade paper and commonly available paper. The review also revealed that presently available medical texts, which are in use now, represents less than 2% of medical literature which are in use now, information which are now lost that were present in the manuscript. -
Aurel Stein's Aerial Survey of the Roman Empire's Frontier in Iraq And
Exploring frontiers ancient and modern Aurel Stein’s aerial survey of the Roman Empire’s frontier in Iraq and Jordan, 1938—1939 Karen Syrett draws on the British Academy’s archives to tell a pioneering tale © The British Academy The long hot summer of 2018 has been the ancient Roman frontier in what was of great benefit to archaeologists, as the then French-controlled Syria. The Roman extended dry weather revealed evidence frontier (limes in Latin) demarked the ex- of many ancient sites that could then be tent of the Roman Empire – a characteris- clearly seen from the air. Eighty years ago, tically straight road enabled the efficient the veteran explorer and Fellow of the transportation of goods and troops, with British Academy, Sir Aurel Stein, used the small forts (castella) at regular intervals technique of aerial archaeology to survey to provide security against invasion. Stein the borders of the Roman Empire in Iraq determined to continue the work be- and Transjordan. gun by Poidebard by tracing the limes in Born in Hungary in 1862, Stein came to British-controlled Iraq and Transjordan. England in 1884 to study oriental languag- Aerial reconnaissance revealed remains es and archaeology, and became a British that were not always visible at ground lev- citizen in 1904. From 1900 to 1930, he con- el, thus enabling Stein to achieve in weeks ducted major expeditions to Central Asia, what would normally have taken years. and is perhaps best known for his discov- Before the survey could begin, Stein need- ery of the Mogao Caves on the Silk Road ed to garner the support of various agen- Karen Syrett has been the British near Dunhuang. -
Sushruta: the First Plastic Surgeon in 600 B.C
The Internet Journal of Plastic Surgery ISPUB.COM Volume 4 Number 2 Sushruta: The first Plastic Surgeon in 600 B.C. S Saraf, R Parihar Citation S Saraf, R Parihar. Sushruta: The first Plastic Surgeon in 600 B.C.. The Internet Journal of Plastic Surgery. 2006 Volume 4 Number 2. Abstract Sushruta, one of the earliest surgeons of the recorded history (600 B.C.) is believed to be the first individual to describe plastic surgery. Sushruta who lived nearly 150 years before Hippocrates vividly described the basic principles of plastic surgery in his famous ancient treatise 'Sushruta Samhita' 1,2 in 600 B.C. 'Sushruta Samhita'(Sushruta's compendium) which is one of the oldest treatise dealing with surgery in the world indicates that he was probably the first surgeon to perform plastic surgical operations. This paper presents a historical window into various contributions of Sushruta to plastic surgery and allied fields which were described in 'Sushruta Samhita' more than 2500 years ago. Although many people consider Plastic Surgery as a Figure 1 relatively new specialty, the origin of the plastic surgery had Figure 1: Sushruta (600 B.C.) his roots more than 4000 years old in India, back to the Indus River Civilization. The mythico-religious shlokas (hymns) associated with this civilization were compiled in Sanskrit language between 3000 and 1000 B.C. in the form of Vedas, the oldest sacred books of the Hindu religion. This era is referred to as the Vedic period (5000 years B.C) in Indian history during which the the four Vedas, namely the Rigveda, the Samaveda, the Yajurveda, and the Atharvaveda were compiled. -
Sanskrit Literature
A HISTORY OF SANSKRIT LITERATURE Oxford University Press, Amen House, London E.C.4 GLASGOW NEW YORK "TOR01"'n"O MEL.BOURNE WELLINGTON BOMBAY CALCUTTA·MADRAS KARACHl CAPE TOWN lBADAN NAlROBI ACCkA 5.lNGAPORE FIRST EDITION 1920 Reprinted photographically in Great Britain in 1941, 1948, 1953, 1956 by LOWE & BRYDONE, PRINTERS, LTD., LONDON from sheets of the first edition A HISTORY OF SANSKRIT LITERATURE BY A. BERRIEDALE KEITH, D.C.L., D.LI'IT. Of the Inner Temple, Barnster-at-Law, and Advocate Regius Professor of Sansknt and Comparative Philology and Lecturer on the Constitution of the British Empire in the UnIversity of Edinburgh OXFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS Pnnted III Great Bntam IN MEMORIAM FRATRIS ALAN DAVIDSON KEITH (1885-1928) PREFACE AKEN in conjunc"tion with my Sanskrit Drama, published T in 19~4, this work covers the field of Classical Sanskrit Literature, as opposed to the Vedic Literature, the epics, and the PuralJ.as~ To bring the subject-matter within the limits of a single volume has rendered it necessary to treat the scientific literature briefly, and to avoid discussions of its subject-matter which appertain rather to the historian of grammar, philosophy, law, medicine, astronomy, or mathematics, than to the literary his torian. This mode of treatment has rendered it possible, for the first time in any treatise in English on Sanskrit Literature, to pay due attention to the literary qualities of the Kavya. Though it was to Englishmen, such as Sir William Jones and H. T. Cole brooke, that our earliest knowledge of Sanskrit poetry was due, no English poet shared Goethe's marvellous appreciation of the merits of works known to him only through the distorting medium of translations, and attention in England has usually been limited to the Vedic literature, as a source for comparative philology, the history of religion, or Indo-European antiquities; to the mysticism and monism of Sanskrit philosophy; and to the fables and fairy-tales in their relations to western parallels. -
Ophthalmology in Ancient India, Sushruta's Time and the Modern
FEATURE Ophthalmology in ancient india, Sushruta’s time and the modern era BY DHIREN BUJARBORUA hile reading an article Sushruta’s time has long been a encountered while doing the surgery. related to the history of controversial subject due to a lack of Several reasons, such as translation Indian ophthalmology, direct evidence [3]. The original copy of the original work by a non- W I came across this of Sushruta Samhita, the monumental medical Sanskrit scholar, difficulty in description of a surgical procedure: treatise on surgery written by interpreting Vedic Sanskrit and the “The doctor warmed the patient’s Sushruta, is not traceable. However, understanding of cataract at that time eye with the breath of his mouth. He a version of this textbook was might lead to this confusion. Recently rubbed the closed eye of the patient discovered in 1890 in Kuchar, Chinese there has been some debate whether with his thumb and then asked the Turkestan, and was named after the we should consider the operation patient to look at his knees. The man to whom it was sold, Hamilton done by Sushruta to be extracapsular patient’s head was held firmly. The Bower. The Bower manuscript is cataract extraction or couching [7,8]. doctor held the lancet between his currently housed in the Bodlean But in ancient times, cataractous fore-finger, middle-finger and thumb Library in Oxford [4]. Hoernle edited lenses were dislocated into the and introduced it into the patient’s and critically evaluated it and placed vitreous cavity rather than removed eye towards the pupil, in the strict sense. -
Overview of Paper and Papermaking in Xinjiang, China1
Z Badań nad Książką i Księgozbiorami Historycznymi 2020, t. 14, z. 3 The Studies into the History of the Book and Book Collections 2020, vol. 14, no. 3 www.bookhistory.uw.edu.pl http://doi.org/10.33077/uw.25448730.zbkh Mengling Cai School of Information Resource Management, Renmin University of China, Beijing, China [email protected] 0000-0002-4248-0853 Overview of paper and papermaking in Xinjiang, China1 Abstract: Papermaking in Xinjiang has a long history beginning during the Han Dynasty, to which a good many ancient documents excavated there bear witness. As an important trans- mitter of culture along the Silk Road, paper bears the imprint of the historical development of Xinjiang. Paper and papermaking techniques in Xinjiang are therefore of great historical and cultural importance. This article gives an overview of the development of traditional paper- making in Xinjiang, especially the mulberry papermaking in the Hotan area, by presenting its history, the raw materials used, papermaking and processing techniques, usages and the revival of handmade mulberry paper today in order to demonstrate its diverse values. Key words: mulberry paper, history, papermaking technique, Uighur minority. 1 A Major Planning Project in Social Science at Renmin University of China: “Arrangement, excavation and urgent conservation of documents from the Western Regions (Xiyu Wenxian Zhengli, Wajue Yu Qiangjiuxing Baohu)”, project number: 20XNLG06. „Z Badań nad Książką i Księgozbiorami Historycznymi” – Udział zagranicznych recenzentów w ocenie publikacji; Stworzenie anglojęzycznej wersji wydawniczej publikacji; Digitalizacja tomów archiwalnych rocznika w celu zapewnienia otwartego dostępu do nich przez Internet oraz wdrożenie i utrzymanie cyfrowej platformy redakcyjnej – zadanie finansowane w ramach umowy nr 653/P-DUN/2019 ze środków Ministra Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego przeznaczonych na działalność upowszechniającą naukę.