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Assessment of Aquatic Natural Resources in the Tanguar Haor at Sunamgonj, Bangladesh

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Assessment of Aquatic Natural Resources in the Tanguar Haor at Sunamgonj, Bangladesh See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283152209 Assessment of aquatic natural resources in the Tanguar haor at Sunamgonj, Bangladesh Article · December 2012 CITATION READS 1 738 4 authors, including: Md Sahadat Hossain Enamul Hoq Stamford University Bangladesh Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Ban… 10 PUBLICATIONS 6 CITATIONS 45 PUBLICATIONS 236 CITATIONS SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects: Sustainable Management of Bay of Bengal Large Marine Ecosystem Project View project Now working on mud crab with " Development project on culture of Kuchia & crab in selected areas of Bangladesh" View project All content following this page was uploaded by Md Sahadat Hossain on 25 October 2015. The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file. Bangladesh J. Fish. Res., 15-16 , 2011-12: 81-92 Assessment of aquatic natural resources in the Tanguar haor at Sunamgonj, Bangladesh M. Sahadat Hossain, M. Sirajul Islam*, P. Mondal 1 and M. Enamul Hoq 2 Department of Environmental Science and Resource Management Mawlana Bhashani Science and Technology University, Tangail 1902, Bangladesh 1Planning Cell, Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock, Bangladesh Secretariat, Dhaka 2Bangladesh Fisheries Research Institute, Mymensing *Corresponding author. Email: [email protected] Abstract The study from March 2011 to February 2012 in the Tanguar haor, Sunamgonj, Bangladesh found three habitat types of vegetation composition as upland, emergent and aquatic which included submerged plants (23), free floating plants (12), rooted floating plants (21), sedges and meadows (35), reed swamp (7), freshwater swamp forest (9), crop field vegetation (21) and homestead vegetations (36) species in the haor. The haor was rich in faunal composition that providing habitat of 122 species of fishes, 28 amphibians, 26 reptiles, 154 birds and 14 mammals in winter season. These natural resources made the habitat ecologically and socioeconomically important for the livelihood of haor dependent people. The study recognized the causes of degradation of the haor environment as insufficient information of its ecosystem elements, services and functions. Key words: Tanguar haor. Biodiversity, Flora, Fauna Introduction Tanguar haor is the ‘mother fishery’ of Bangladesh, located between 25º06 ″ to 25º11 ″N and 91º01 ″ to 91º06 ″E at Tahirpur and Dharmapasha upazila with covering an area of 9727 ha, which 50% is water bodies and 31% crop land and the rest (19%) land providing habitat for more than 40,000 people through occupying 46 villages within its heart. It is also one of the famous breeding ground for native crabs and flat fishes of the country (Chakraborty et al. 2005). Another biodiversity investigation by Giesen and Rashid (1997) illustrated that Tanguar haor supports as many as 150 of an estimated total of 200 wetland plant species, 11 species of amphibians, 34 reptiles, 206 bird, 141 varieties of fish species and 31 mammals are found in this haor area. But there are 55 fish species are threatened of which 28 are endangered and out of 28 endangered fish species, 17 are found only in Tanguar haor. There are 400 species of migratory birds visit Bangladesh and Tanguar haor is the home to 98 species of migratory birds numbering about half a million at the peak period at the end of February. M.S. Hossain et al. The millennium assessment of ecosystems puts freshwater biodiversity as the most threatened of all types of biodiversity in the world. The recent IUCN Red List (2010), listed 19 fishes, 34 mammals, 21 reptiles, and 29 birds, 16 plants are directly or indirectly dependent on wetland ecosystems but due to changes in demographic, economic, social and cultural behaviors resulting species under serious threats and extinction. These threats are mainly for anthropogenic reasons, rather than natural losses and degradation and Bangladesh has the highest percentage of threatened bird species (many of which are wetland-based) among all the South Asian countries where the highest percentage of threatened wetlands, of which 82 are found in Bangladesh alone. In this context, the present study was undertaken to assess the aquatic natural resources as well as fauna and floral composition in derelict haor ecosystem. Materials and methods Study area The study area was covered the South and North Sripur union of Tangaur haor, Sunamgonj was included different beels including Gozaria, Rajnagar, Noaler, Painnar, Kawar khal, Jor, Kainer konar, Dorer, Romiar, Satterpuri, Kolmar gop, Bhorar, Ainnar, Hatimara, Dholar chouk, and Kolmar beels are situated at south Sripur; and Kuirachatoler, Nowa haor, Shamsar, Rowa, Rupa, Kazzori, Karar, Biashkhali, Huar, Goinna kuri, Rowa, Purangaon, Erailla kona, Lechuamara, Tanergol, Nandinar, Purangaoner, Rowa, Goinna kuri and Dorer beels at the north Sripur union under the Tahirpur upazila in the Tanguar haor (Fig. 1). Uttar Sreepur Dakshin Sreepur Fig. 1. The map showing the Tanguar haor and the study area (IUCN 2005). 82 Aquatic natural resources in the Tanguar haor Sampling The line transect method of systematic sampling type were used due to limited time of survey. A representative species were chosen to determine for individual species occur and how much present. Diversity measurements The Simpson’s Index was used for estimating Species Richness Indices as well as Shannon-Wiener Index for calculating the Species Diversity Indices. Simpson's Index (D) was used to measure the probability of two randomly selected individuals in the habitat those will not belong to the same species, their number and relative abundance. The Simpson's Index of Diversity is used for measurement of diversity in certain area (Simpson 1949). The formula of Simpson's Index of Diversity (SID) = 1-D, Where D is a measure of diversity, computed as follows: D = Where, n = the total number of organisms of a particular species and N = the total number of organisms of all species. The value of D ranges between 0 (for no diversity) and 1 (for infinite diversity). Shannon-Wiener Index (H) was used for assuming to characterize a representative species randomly sampled from the Tanguar haor’s large population for both abundance and evenness of the present species (Shannon 1948). Log2 were used to compare for estimating evenness. The value was found 1.5 to 3.5 but rarely to 4.5. The expected Shannon diversity (Exp H') was used as an alternative to H' to illustrate as an equivalent number of common species that required for alternative (H') samples. The observed diversity (H') was compared to the maximum value of Shannon diversity (H max ) for equally abundant species (Clarke and Warwick 2001). The Shannon-Wiener Index (H') was used for calculating the abundances as the proportions of total abundance in the sample unit by considering the richness (S) as: Where, expressed as the total abundance of all species, represented the species’ abundance and referred as the proportional species’ abundance. Quadrate method was used to estimate the population density of each species in this community as well as their number in per unit area. There are four quadrates of 1mx1m (1m2) were selected randomly. Then the average densities of a particular species were taken in average into per m 2 and multiplied by the ratio of larger area to the sampled area of each quadrate for calculating as well as estimating the population size within the site. 83 M.S. Hossain et al. The following equations were used to estimate the density, abundance and frequency of the species in this area. Density = % Frequency or Frequency Index = Abundance = Focus group discussion (FGD) and Interview The main aim of FGD was to bring out the present and past status of natural resources of Tanguar haor as their observation. The FGD groups were composed of community leader, local political leader, member of Village Conservation Group (VCC) of Community Based Sustainable Management of Tanguar Haor Program (CBSMTHP) and fisherman. There are four FGDs were conducted in research area with local inhabitants at Sripur Bazar, and Bagli Bazar of North Sripur and Lamagaon Bazar and Patabuka village of South Sripur union. There is an open answer questionnaire method (interview) was used as one of the primary data collection method where the respondents expressed their past and present observation on floral and faunal composition. The respondents were selected based on the age (old stakeholder), profession (fisherman and housewife), social status (Union Parisad member and VCC), etc. Secondary data collection Different publications, field work, project work and institutional data, were used to identify the biological composition (flora and fauna) and their present status in test to the past 20 years. There are various sorts’ of possible instruments like binocular with high resolution, visual documentary, and suggestion from environmental biologists and conservators were used for identifying the resources. The most relevant research papers like Wetland Resources Specialist Study on Northeast Regional Water Management Plan, Bangladesh Wetland Ecosystem Information and Knowledge Base by BCAS (2000), Red list of threatened animals (IUCN 1990), Bangladesh environment and natural resource assessment and Biodiversity of Tanguar Haor: A Ramsar Site of Bangladesh (IUCN 2005) were used for pre-understanding and estimation of natural resources of this study area. Species identification The species was identified
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