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FIRST-DAY ROAD LOG 1 FIRST-DAY ROAD LOG, FROM GALLUP TO GAMERCO, YAH-TA-HEY, WINDOW ROCK, FORT DEFIANCE, NAVAJO, TODILTO PARK, CRYSTAL, NARBONA PASS, SHEEP SPRINGS, TOHATCHI AND GALLUP SPENCER G. LUCAS, STEVEN C. SEMKEN, ANDREW B. HECKERT, WILLIAM R. BERGLOF, First-day Road Log GRETCHEN HOFFMAN, BARRY S. KUES, LARRY S. CRUMPLER AND JAYNE C. AUBELE ������ ������ ������ ������� ������ ������ ������ ������ �������� Distance: 141.8 miles ������� Stops: 5 ���� ������ ������ SUMMARY ������ �� ������ �� ����� �� The first day’s trip takes us around the southern �� �� flank of the Defiance uplift, back over it into the �� southwestern San Juan Basin and ends at the Hogback monocline at Gallup. The trip emphasizes Mesozoic— especially Jurassic—stratigraphy and sedimentation in NOTE: Most of this day’s trip will be conducted the Defiance uplift region. We also closely examine within the boundaries of the Navajo (Diné) Nation under Cenozoic volcanism of the Navajo volcanic field. a permit from the Navajo Nation Minerals Department. Stop 1 at Window Rock discusses the Laramide Persons wishing to conduct geological investigations Defiance uplift and introduces Jurassic eolianites near on the Navajo Nation, including stops described in this the preserved southern edge of the Middle-Upper guidebook, must first apply for and receive a permit Jurassic depositional basin. At Todilto Park, Stop 2, from the Navajo Nation Minerals Department, P.O. we examine the type area of the Jurassic Todilto For- Box 1910, Window Rock, Arizona, 86515, 928-871- mation and discuss Todilto deposition and economic 6587. Sample collection on Navajo land is forbidden. geology, a recurrent theme of this field conference. From Todilto Park we move on to the Green Knobs diatreme adjacent to the highway for Stop 3, and then to Stop 4 at the Narbona Pass maar at the crest of the Chuska Mountains. -
San Luis Valley Conservation Area EA and LPP EA Chapter 3
Chapter 3 — Affected Environment This chapter describes the biological, cultural, and on the eastern side of the valley floor, the Oligocene socioeconomic resources of the SLVCA that could be volcanic rocks of the San Juan Mountains dip gently affected by the no-action alternative (alternative A) eastward into the valley floor, where they are inter- and the proposed action (alternative B). The SLVCA bedded with valley-fill deposits. Valley-fill deposits consists of 5.2 million acres within the Southern Rock- consist of sedimentary rocks that inter-finger with ies and Arizona/New Mexico Plateau ecoregions (U.S. volcanic deposits. Quaternary deposits include pedi- Environmental Protection Agency 2011). The project ments along the mountain fronts, alluvium, and sand encompasses significant portions of seven counties in dunes (USFWS 2011). southern Colorado as well as small parts of two coun- ties in northern New Mexico. Just over 50 percent of MINERALS the total project area is publicly owned; however, the Sand and gravel are the major mineral commodities distribution of public/private ownership is uneven, with mined in the vicinity of the San Luis Valley. Rock, over 90 percent of Mineral County administered by sand, and gravel mines are scattered throughout the the USFS, but less than 1 percent of Costilla County valley, but are concentrated around the cities of Ala- in State or Federal ownership. The project boundary mosa and Monte Vista and the town of Del Norte, is defined by the headwaters hydrologic unit (HUC Colorado. No coal mining permits are active in the 6) of the Rio Grande. SLVCA (Colorado Division of Reclamation, Mining, Because of the nearly 7,000 feet in elevation change and Safety 2012). -
Geologic Map of the Central San Juan Caldera Cluster, Southwestern Colorado by Peter W
Geologic Map of the Central San Juan Caldera Cluster, Southwestern Colorado By Peter W. Lipman Pamphlet to accompany Geologic Investigations Series I–2799 dacite Ceobolla Creek Tuff Nelson Mountain Tuff, rhyolite Rat Creek Tuff, dacite Cebolla Creek Tuff Rat Creek Tuff, rhyolite Wheeler Geologic Monument (Half Moon Pass quadrangle) provides exceptional exposures of three outflow tuff sheets erupted from the San Luis caldera complex. Lowest sheet is Rat Creek Tuff, which is nonwelded throughout but grades upward from light-tan rhyolite (~74% SiO2) into pale brown dacite (~66% SiO2) that contains sparse dark-brown andesitic scoria. Distinctive hornblende-rich middle Cebolla Creek Tuff contains basal surge beds, overlain by vitrophyre of uniform mafic dacite that becomes less welded upward. Uppermost Nelson Mountain Tuff consists of nonwelded to weakly welded, crystal-poor rhyolite, which grades upward to a densely welded caprock of crystal-rich dacite (~68% SiO2). White arrows show contacts between outflow units. 2006 U.S. Department of the Interior U.S. Geological Survey CONTENTS Geologic setting . 1 Volcanism . 1 Structure . 2 Methods of study . 3 Description of map units . 4 Surficial deposits . 4 Glacial deposits . 4 Postcaldera volcanic rocks . 4 Hinsdale Formation . 4 Los Pinos Formation . 5 Oligocene volcanic rocks . 5 Rocks of the Creede Caldera cycle . 5 Creede Formation . 5 Fisher Dacite . 5 Snowshoe Mountain Tuff . 6 Rocks of the San Luis caldera complex . 7 Rocks of the Nelson Mountain caldera cycle . 7 Rocks of the Cebolla Creek caldera cycle . 9 Rocks of the Rat Creek caldera cycle . 10 Lava flows premonitory(?) to San Luis caldera complex . .11 Rocks of the South River caldera cycle . -
San Luis Valley Conservation Area Land Protection Plan, Colorado And
Land Protection Plan San Luis Valley Conservation Area Colorado and New Mexico December 2015 Prepared by San Luis Valley National Wildlife Refuge Complex 8249 Emperius Road Alamosa, CO 81101 719 / 589 4021 U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Region 6, Mountain-Prairie Region Branch of Refuge Planning 134 Union Boulevard, Suite 300 Lakewood, CO 80228 303 / 236 8145 CITATION for this document: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 2015. Land protection plan for the San Luis Valley Conservation Area. Lakewood, CO: U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. 151 p. In accordance with the National Environmental Policy Act and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service policy, an environmental assessment and land protection plan have been prepared to analyze the effects of establishing the San Luis Valley Conservation Area in southern Colorado and northern New Mexico. The environmental assessment (appendix A) analyzes the environmental effects of establishing the San Luis Valley Conservation Area. The San Luis Valley Conservation Area land protection plan describes the priorities for acquiring up to 250,000 acres through voluntary conservation easements and up to 30,000 acres in fee title. Note: Information contained in the maps is approximate and does not represent a legal survey. Ownership information may not be complete. Contents Abbreviations . vii Chapter 1—Introduction and Project Description . 1 Purpose of the San Luis Valley Conservation Area . 2 Vision for the San Luis Valley National Wildlife Refuge Complex . 4 Purpose of the Alamosa and Monte Vista National Wildlife Refuges . 4 Purpose of the Baca national wildlife refuge . 4 Purpose of the Sangre de Cristo Conservation Area . -
Historical Range of Variability and Current Landscape Condition Analysis: South Central Highlands Section, Southwestern Colorado & Northwestern New Mexico
Historical Range of Variability and Current Landscape Condition Analysis: South Central Highlands Section, Southwestern Colorado & Northwestern New Mexico William H. Romme, M. Lisa Floyd, David Hanna with contributions by Elisabeth J. Bartlett, Michele Crist, Dan Green, Henri D. Grissino-Mayer, J. Page Lindsey, Kevin McGarigal, & Jeffery S.Redders Produced by the Colorado Forest Restoration Institute at Colorado State University, and Region 2 of the U.S. Forest Service May 12, 2009 Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY … p 5 AUTHORS’ AFFILIATIONS … p 16 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS … p 16 CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION A. Objectives and Organization of This Report … p 17 B. Overview of Physical Geography and Vegetation … p 19 C. Climate Variability in Space and Time … p 21 1. Geographic Patterns in Climate 2. Long-Term Variability in Climate D. Reference Conditions: Concept and Application … p 25 1. Historical Range of Variability (HRV) Concept 2. The Reference Period for this Analysis 3. Human Residents and Influences during the Reference Period E. Overview of Integrated Ecosystem Management … p 30 F. Literature Cited … p 34 CHAPTER II. PONDEROSA PINE FORESTS A. Vegetation Structure and Composition … p 39 B. Reference Conditions … p 40 1. Reference Period Fire Regimes 2. Other agents of disturbance 3. Pre-1870 stand structures C. Legacies of Euro-American Settlement and Current Conditions … p 67 1. Logging (“High-Grading”) in the Late 1800s and Early 1900s 2. Excessive Livestock Grazing in the Late 1800s and Early 1900s 3. Fire Exclusion Since the Late 1800s 4. Interactions: Logging, Grazing, Fire, Climate, and the Forests of Today D. Summary … p 83 E. Literature Cited … p 84 CHAPTER III. -
National Monuments and the Forest Service
NATIONAL MONUMENTS AND THE FOREST SERVICE Gerald W. Williams, Ph.D., (Retired) USDA Forest Service Washington, DC National monuments are areas of federal land set aside by the Congress or most often by the president, under authority of the American Antiquities Act of June 8, 1906, to protect or enhance prominent or important features of the national landscape. Such important national features include those land areas that have historic cultural importance (sites and landmarks), prehistoric prominence, or those of scientific or ecological significance. Today, depending on how one counts, there are 81 national monuments administered by the USDI National Park Service, 13 more administered by the USDI Bureau of Land Management (BLM), five others administered by the USDA Forest Service, two jointly managed by the BLM and the National Park Service, one jointly administered by the BLM and the Forest Service, one by the USDI Fish & Wildlife Service, and another by the Soldiers’ and Airmen’s Home in Washington, D.C. In addition, one national monument is under National Park Service jurisdiction, but managed by the Forest Service while another is on USDI Bureau of Reclamation administered land, but managed by the Park Service. The story of the national monuments and the Forest Service also needs to cover briefly the creation of national parks from national forest and BLM lands. More new national monuments and national parks are under consideration for establishment. ANTIQUITIES ACT OF 1906 Shortly after the turn of the century, many citizens’ groups and organizations, as well as members of Congress, believed it was necessary that an act of Congress be passed to combat the increasing acts of vandalism and even destruction of important cultural (historic and prehistoric), scenic, physical, animal, and plant areas around the country (Rothman 1989). -
Colorado Fourteeners Checklist
Colorado Fourteeners Checklist Rank Mountain Peak Mountain Range Elevation Date Climbed 1 Mount Elbert Sawatch Range 14,440 ft 2 Mount Massive Sawatch Range 14,428 ft 3 Mount Harvard Sawatch Range 14,421 ft 4 Blanca Peak Sangre de Cristo Range 14,351 ft 5 La Plata Peak Sawatch Range 14,343 ft 6 Uncompahgre Peak San Juan Mountains 14,321 ft 7 Crestone Peak Sangre de Cristo Range 14,300 ft 8 Mount Lincoln Mosquito Range 14,293 ft 9 Castle Peak Elk Mountains 14,279 ft 10 Grays Peak Front Range 14,278 ft 11 Mount Antero Sawatch Range 14,276 ft 12 Torreys Peak Front Range 14,275 ft 13 Quandary Peak Mosquito Range 14,271 ft 14 Mount Evans Front Range 14,271 ft 15 Longs Peak Front Range 14,259 ft 16 Mount Wilson San Miguel Mountains 14,252 ft 17 Mount Shavano Sawatch Range 14,231 ft 18 Mount Princeton Sawatch Range 14,204 ft 19 Mount Belford Sawatch Range 14,203 ft 20 Crestone Needle Sangre de Cristo Range 14,203 ft 21 Mount Yale Sawatch Range 14,200 ft 22 Mount Bross Mosquito Range 14,178 ft 23 Kit Carson Mountain Sangre de Cristo Range 14,171 ft 24 Maroon Peak Elk Mountains 14,163 ft 25 Tabeguache Peak Sawatch Range 14,162 ft 26 Mount Oxford Collegiate Peaks 14,160 ft 27 Mount Sneffels Sneffels Range 14,158 ft 28 Mount Democrat Mosquito Range 14,155 ft 29 Capitol Peak Elk Mountains 14,137 ft 30 Pikes Peak Front Range 14,115 ft 31 Snowmass Mountain Elk Mountains 14,099 ft 32 Windom Peak Needle Mountains 14,093 ft 33 Mount Eolus San Juan Mountains 14,090 ft 34 Challenger Point Sangre de Cristo Range 14,087 ft 35 Mount Columbia Sawatch Range -
Minerals of the San Luis Valley and Adjacent Areas of Colorado Charles F
New Mexico Geological Society Downloaded from: http://nmgs.nmt.edu/publications/guidebooks/22 Minerals of the San Luis Valley and adjacent areas of Colorado Charles F. Bauer, 1971, pp. 231-234 in: San Luis Basin (Colorado), James, H. L.; [ed.], New Mexico Geological Society 22nd Annual Fall Field Conference Guidebook, 340 p. This is one of many related papers that were included in the 1971 NMGS Fall Field Conference Guidebook. Annual NMGS Fall Field Conference Guidebooks Every fall since 1950, the New Mexico Geological Society (NMGS) has held an annual Fall Field Conference that explores some region of New Mexico (or surrounding states). Always well attended, these conferences provide a guidebook to participants. Besides detailed road logs, the guidebooks contain many well written, edited, and peer-reviewed geoscience papers. These books have set the national standard for geologic guidebooks and are an essential geologic reference for anyone working in or around New Mexico. Free Downloads NMGS has decided to make peer-reviewed papers from our Fall Field Conference guidebooks available for free download. Non-members will have access to guidebook papers two years after publication. Members have access to all papers. This is in keeping with our mission of promoting interest, research, and cooperation regarding geology in New Mexico. However, guidebook sales represent a significant proportion of our operating budget. Therefore, only research papers are available for download. Road logs, mini-papers, maps, stratigraphic charts, and other selected content are available only in the printed guidebooks. Copyright Information Publications of the New Mexico Geological Society, printed and electronic, are protected by the copyright laws of the United States. -
Rio Grande Compact Commission Report
3 RIO GRANDE COMPACT COMMISSION REPORT RIO GRANDE COMPACT The State of Colorado, the State of New Mexico, and the State of Texas, desiring to remove all causes of present and future controversy among these States and between citizens of one of these States and citizens of another State with respect to the use of the waters of the Rio Grande above Fort Quitman, Texas, and being moved by considerations of interstate comity, and for the purpose of effecting an equitable apportionment of such waters, have resolved to conclude a Compact for the attainment of these purposes, and to that end, through their respective Governors, have named as their respective Commissioners: For the State of Colorado M. C. Hinderlider For the State of New Mexico Thomas M. McClure For the State of Texas Frank B. Clayton who, after negotiations participated in by S. O. Harper, appointed by the President as the representative of the United States of America, have agreed upon the following articles, to- wit: ARTICLE I (a) The State of Colorado, the State of New Mexico, the State of Texas, and the United States of America, are hereinafter designated “Colorado,” “New Mexico,” “Texas,” and the “United States,” respectively. (b) “The Commission” means the agency created by this Compact for the administration thereof. (c) The term “Rio Grande Basin” means all of the territory drained by the Rio Grande and its tributaries in Colorado, in New Mexico, and in Texas above Fort Quitman, including the Closed Basin in Colorado. (d) The “Closed Basin” means that part of the Rio Grande Basin in Colorado where the streams drain into the San Luis Lakes and adjacent territory, and do not normally contribute to the flow of the Rio Grande. -
2021 OHV Grant Recommended Funding Approval
State Trails Program 13787 US Hwy. 85 N., Littleton, Colorado 80125 P 303.791.1957 | F 303.470-0782 May 6-7, 2020 2020-2021 OHV Trail Grant funding awards as recommended by the State Recreational Trails Committee. This letter is a summary and explanation of the enclosed Colorado Parks and Wildlife (CPW) 2020-2021 OHV Trail Grant funding recommendations for Parks and Wildlife Commission (PWC) approval during the May 2020 meeting. We are requesting approval for 60 grants for a total award amount of $4,273,860. BACKGROUND INFORMATION: The Colorado Parks and Wildlife Division’s (CPW) Trails Program, a statewide program within CPW, administers grants for trail-related projects on an annual basis. Local, county, and state governments, federal agencies, special recreation districts, and non-profit organizations with management responsibilities over public lands may apply for and are eligible to receive non- motorized and motorized trail grants. Colorado’s Off-highway Vehicle Trail Program CPW’s OHV Program is statutorily created in sections 33-14.5-101 through 33-14.5-113, Colorado Revised Statutes. The program is funded through the sale of OHV registrations and use permits. It is estimated that almost 200,000 OHVs were registered or permitted for use in Colorado during the 2019-2020 season. The price of an annual OHV registration or use- permit is $25.25. Funds are used to support the statewide OHV Program, the OHV Registration Program and OHV Trail Grant Program, including OHV law enforcement. The OHV Program seeks to improve and enhance motorized recreation opportunities in Colorado while promoting safe, responsible use of OHVs. -
Mosaic of New Mexico's Scenery, Rocks, and History
Mosaic of New Mexico's Scenery, Rocks, and History SCENIC TRIPS TO THE GEOLOGIC PAST NO. 8 Scenic Trips to the Geologic Past Series: No. 1—SANTA FE, NEW MEXICO No. 2—TAOS—RED RIVER—EAGLE NEST, NEW MEXICO, CIRCLE DRIVE No. 3—ROSWELL—CAPITAN—RUIDOSO AND BOTTOMLESS LAKES STATE PARK, NEW MEXICO No. 4—SOUTHERN ZUNI MOUNTAINS, NEW MEXICO No. 5—SILVER CITY—SANTA RITA—HURLEY, NEW MEXICO No. 6—TRAIL GUIDE TO THE UPPER PECOS, NEW MEXICO No. 7—HIGH PLAINS NORTHEASTERN NEW MEXICO, RATON- CAPULIN MOUNTAIN—CLAYTON No. 8—MOSlAC OF NEW MEXICO'S SCENERY, ROCKS, AND HISTORY No. 9—ALBUQUERQUE—ITS MOUNTAINS, VALLEYS, WATER, AND VOLCANOES No. 10—SOUTHWESTERN NEW MEXICO No. 11—CUMBRE,S AND TOLTEC SCENIC RAILROAD C O V E R : REDONDO PEAK, FROM JEMEZ CANYON (Forest Service, U.S.D.A., by John Whiteside) Mosaic of New Mexico's Scenery, Rocks, and History (Forest Service, U.S.D.A., by Robert W . Talbott) WHITEWATER CANYON NEAR GLENWOOD SCENIC TRIPS TO THE GEOLOGIC PAST NO. 8 Mosaic of New Mexico's Scenery, Rocks, a n d History edited by PAIGE W. CHRISTIANSEN and FRANK E. KOTTLOWSKI NEW MEXICO BUREAU OF MINES AND MINERAL RESOURCES 1972 NEW MEXICO INSTITUTE OF MINING & TECHNOLOGY STIRLING A. COLGATE, President NEW MEXICO BUREAU OF MINES & MINERAL RESOURCES FRANK E. KOTTLOWSKI, Director BOARD OF REGENTS Ex Officio Bruce King, Governor of New Mexico Leonard DeLayo, Superintendent of Public Instruction Appointed William G. Abbott, President, 1961-1979, Hobbs George A. Cowan, 1972-1975, Los Alamos Dave Rice, 1972-1977, Carlsbad Steve Torres, 1967-1979, Socorro James R. -
Pikes Peak 1911 1923 2 William F. Ervin (#1 & #2 Tie) Pikes Peak 1911 1923 3 Albert Ellingwood 4 Mary Cronin Longs Peak 1921 9 1934 5 Carl Melzer 1937 6 Robert B
EVERYONE WHO HAS COMPLETED THE COLORADO FOURTEENERS (By Year of Completion) 1 Carl Blaurock (#1 & #2 tie) Pikes Peak 1911 1923 2 William F. Ervin (#1 & #2 tie) Pikes Peak 1911 1923 3 Albert Ellingwood 4 Mary Cronin Longs Peak 1921 9 1934 5 Carl Melzer 1937 6 Robert B. Melzer 1937 7 Elwyn Arps Eolus, Mt. 1920 7 1938 8 Joe Merhar Pyramid Peak 8 1938 9 O. P. Settles Longs Peak 1927 7 1939 10 Harry Standley Elbert, Mt. 1923 9 1939 11 Whitney M. Borland Pikes Peak 6 1941 12 Vera DeVries Longs Peak 1936 Kit Carson Peak 8 1941 13 Robert M. Ormes Pikes Peak Capitol Peak 8 1941 14 Jack Graham 9 1941 15 John Ambler 9 1943 16 Paul Gorham Pikes Peak 1926 8 1944 17 Ruth Gorham Grays Peak 1933 8 1944 18 Henry Buchtel Longs Peak 1946 19 Herb Hollister Longs Peak 1927 7 1947 20 Roy Murchison Longs Peak 1908 8 1947 21 Evelyn Runnette Longs Peak 1931 Uncompahgre Peak 9 1947 22 Marian Rymer Longs Peak 1926 Crestones 9 1948 23 Charles Rymer Longs Peak 1927 Crestones 9 1948 24 Nancy E. Nones (Perkins) Quandary 1937 Eolus, Mt. 9 1948 25 John Spradley Longs Peak 1943 7 1949 26 Eliot Moses Longs Peak 1921 7 1949 27 Elizabeth S. Cowles Lincoln, Mt. 9 1932 Wetterhorn Peak 9 1949 28 Dorothy Swartz Crestones 8 1950 29 Robert Swartz Bross, Mt. 1941 Crestones 8 1950 30 Ted Cooper Longs Peak 8 1950 31 Stirling Cooper Longs Peak 8 1950 32 Harold Brewer Longs Peak 1937 El Diente 9 1950 33 Wilbur F.