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THE LOEB CLASSICAL LIBRARY EDITED BV E. CAPPS, PH.n., iJ,.D. T. E. PAGE, ijtt.d. \V. H. D. ROUSE, LiTT.n. PAUSAXIAS V PAUSAXIAS DESCRIPTION OF GREECE WITH AX ENGLISH TRANSLATION BY \V. H. S. JONES, LiTT.D. srr. Catharine's collerb, caxb&isge AND H. A. ORMEROD, M.A. THE VKIVERMTV, LEEI.- IN SIX VOLUMES II BOOKS III— LONDON : WILLIAM HEIXEMANN NEW YORK : G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS MCMXXVl PREFACE The translation of this volume, from Book III ch. XXIII to the end of Book IV, is the work of Professor H. A. Orraerod, of Leeds. It was hoped that he would continue to help the editors, but he was compelled to give up collaboration owing to the pressure of University teaching. Various causes have postponed the appearance of this book, but it is hoped that the remaining two volumes will be completed without undue delay. W. H. S. J. CONTENTS PAGE BOOK III — LACONIA 3 BOOK IT—ME3SEXIA 173 BOOK V— EI.IS I .' 381 PAUSANIAS DESCRIPTION OF GREECE BOOK III—LACONIA nAY2ANIOY EAAAA02 nEPIHrHSEOS r AAKfiNIKA I. Mera 8e tov<; 'Ep/j,a<; icrriv rjhrj Aukcovikt) TO, 7rp6<; ecnrepa<i. co? he avrol AaKchaifiovLOi Xiyovai, AeXe^ avrox^cov cov ejBaaiXevae Trpwro? vltto iv rfj <yfi ravrrj kuI tovtov AeX-eye? mv rjpx^^ o)vofjbda67]aai'. AeXeyo'i Be ytverai M.vXr)<i koI v€(t)repo<; IloXvKcicov. UoXyKdcov fiev Br] ottoc koI hi i]vjLva alrcav d'7Te)(^(opt]aev, erepcodi hrjXwcrw Mi;\7;to9 he reXevrijaavTO'i TrapeXa/Sev 6 Trat? ^vp(ora<; rr]v dp'^ijv. ovto<; to vhcop to Xifivd^ov ev TO) Trehicp htcopvyc KaT7]'yay€V cttI ddXaaaav, diroppvevTO'i he— tjv jap hij to vttoXolttov 7roTa/xov 2 pevfxa—oovo/xacrev EvpcoTUv. are he ovk ovtwv avTUi Tralhcov dppevcov ^aaiXeveiu KaTaXecTrei AaKehal/jLova, fj,rjTp6<; [xev Tav<yeTr](; ovTa, dcf)^ 779 Kal to 6po<; onvofidadr), e? Am he TraTepa dvi]K0VTa KaTO, ttjv (pjjp^ijv avvM/cei he Aaxe- haip-wv "^irdpTr] dvyuTpl tov ^vptaTa. t6t€ he ct)9 eV^e TTjV dp^tjv, irpSiTa /aev ttj xcopa Kal toi<; PAUSANIAS DESCRIPTION OF GREECE BOOK III LACONIA I. After the figures of Hermes we reach Laconia on the west. According to the tradition of the Lacedaemonians themselves, Lelex, an aboriginal, was the first king in this land, after whom his subjects were named Leleges. Lelex had a son Myles, and a younger one Polycaon. Polycaon retired into exile, the place of this retirement and its reason I will set forth elsewliere. On the death of Myles his son Eurotas succeeded to the throne. He led down to the sea by means of a trench the stagnant water on the plain, and when it had flowed away, as what was left formed a river-stream, he named it Eurotas.^ Having no male issue, he left the kingdom to Lacedaemon, whose mother was Taygete, after whom the mountain was named, while according to report his father was none other than Zeus. Lace- daemon was wedded to Sparta, a daughter of Eurotas. When he came to the throne, he first changed the names of the land and its inhabitants, calling them ^ Eurotas = the fair-flowing. 3 B 2 PAUSANIAS: DESCRIPTION OF GREECE av6p(i)TT0L<i fieredero a(j) aurov tcl ovofiara, /xera Se toOto WKiae re KaX oovofiaaev airo Trj<i 'yvvaiKO<i 3 iroXiv, rj ZtTrdpTrj KaXelrai koX e? r}fia<;. 'AfxvK\a<; Se o AaKehaiixovo^, ^ov\6fi€vo<; inroXcTriadai ri Kul aur6<; €9 fivi]/ji'r]v, TroXicr/na eKTiaev iv rfj AaKMVLKTJ. yevo/xevcov Si ol 7rai8cov TciKtvOov fxev veoiTarov ovra koX to elSo^ /cdWcarov Kare- Xa^ev 7] 7r€Trpa)/jLivyj irpoTepov tou Trarpo?, Kol 'TaKivOov pLvr^jxa iariv iv *A/j,VK\ai<i vtto to dyoK-fxa rov ^AttoWcovo^;. cnrodavovTos Be 'Afiv- K\a e? "ApyaXov top irpea^vTaTov tmv ^A/j,vK\a TTa'ihwv Koi varepov e? K.vv6prav ApydXov TeXev- Ti'jcravTO^ d<})iK€To i) u.p'^i'j. Kvvopra Be iyevero 4 Oi/3aXo9. ovro<i Vopyocjiovijv re rrjv Ile/jcretw? yvvaiKa ecr')(ev e^ "Apyov^; kuI iratBa ea'x^eTvvBd- pecov, to irepl rf}? ^aatXeia^ 'Ittttokocop 'qp.cpia- ^ijTet Kol Kara Tvpea^eiav e^^iv rj^iov TrjV dpxr]P. irpoaXa^cov Be ^iKdpiov Kal TOv<i araa-KOTWi irapd TToiXv re vTrepe/SdXero Bvvdfiet TvvBdpewv Koi TjvdyKaaev d'7ro-)((oprjaai Beiaavra, ci)<; fiev AuKeBaifioviol (f)aaiv, e<? IleXXdvav, Meaaf]vi,a)v Be ecTTiv 69 avTOV X0709 TvvSdpecov (pevyovTa eXOelv ct)9 'A(f)apea €9 rrjv MecraTjvlav elvai re ^A(papea top Hepi7')pou<i dBeX^bv TvpSdpeco 7rpo<i p7]rp6^' Kal olKrjaai re avrop t/}9 Me<Tcr??i^/a9 (paalv ev %aXdpai<; fcal tow 7raiBa<; evravOa 5 oiKovpTL avTW yepecrdai. ji^poi'O) Be varepov Kar)]Xde re vtto 'ilpaKXeov<i TvvBdpe(o<; koX dv- evedaaaro rrjv dpxh^' e/3a(ri,X€ucrav Be Kal ol Tvv- Bdpeco 7ratSe9 Kal MeveXao<i o 'Arpeux; TvpBdpeco yapBpo<i o)v '0/3ecrT?^9 Te 'Epfiiopj] rfj MeveXdov avvoLKWP. KareX66vra>v Be ' H paKXeiBcov eirl 4 LACONIA, I. 2-5 after himself, and next he founded and named after his wife a city, which even down to our own day has been called Sparta. Amyclas, too, son of Lacedaeraon, wished to leave some memorial behind him, and built a town in Laconia. Hyacinthus, the youngest and most beautiful of his sons, died before his father, and his tomb is in Amyclae below the image of Apollo. On the death of Amyclas the empire came to Argalus, the eldest of his sons, and afterwards, when Argalus died, to Cynortas. Cynortas had a son Oebalus. He took a wife from Argos, Gorgophone the daughter of Perseus, and begat a son Tyndareus, with whom Hippocoon disputed about the kingship, claiming the throne on the ground of being the elder. With the aid of Icarius and his partisans he far surpassed Tyndareus in power, and forced him to retire in fear ; the Lacedaemonians say that he went to Pellana, but a Messenian legend about him is that he fled to Aphareus in Messenia, Aphareus being the son of Perieres and the brother of Tyndareus on his mother's side. The story goes on to say that he settled at Thalamae in Messenia, and that his children were born to him when he was living there. Subsequently Tyndareus was brought back by Heracles and re- covered his throne. His sons too became kings, as did Menelaus the son of Atreus and son-in-law of Tyndareus, and Orestes the husband of Hermione the daughter of Menelaus. On the return of the PAUSANIAS: DESCRIPTION OF GREECE Tiaafievov rov ^Opiarou ffaaiXevovro^, yieaaijvr] /j.€v Kal "A/3709 eKurepa fioipa ^rjjxevov, rj he KpeacpovTTjv eax^i' ap^ovTa<i' iv AaKeSaifiovi 8e oircov 8i8v/j.cov rcov ^ ApLajohrjfxov ttulScov oIklui, Bvo ^aalXeiat jLvoi'Tar avvapeaai yap rfj llvdia 6 (paai'v. ^ApicTToSij/jLa Se avTa> rrpoTepov rrjv reXevTTjv avfj,l3rjvai Xeyovaiv iv Ae\0oi9 irplv rj AcopUa^ KareXdelv e? TieKoTTOvvricrov. ol p,ev Srj airoaefjivvvovre^; ra e'f avrov TO^evdrjvat \e- yovaiv ^ApicTToSyjfxov vtto ^AttoWcovo^, oti ovk acfitKOCTO eVt to /.lavreiov, irapa he 'Hpa/cXeou? evTvyovTo^ ol rrpoTepov ttvOoito co? e? UeXoTrov- vrjaov Ha)pi6vaL yevi^crerai rjoe rj Kauooo<i' o oe a\,ri6e(nepo<i e%ei X0709 Wvkcihov roi)^ 7raiha<; Kal 'HXe/CTyOa?, ave-ylrtov<; 6vTa<^ TicrafxevM t5> 7 'OpecTTOf, (povevaai rov ^ ApicnohrjiJLov. ovonaTa p,ev hr] Tol^ rraialv avrov IlpoK\f]<; kul Kvpv- o-Oevri<i eTeOi], hihup,oi he 6vre<i hid(f)opoi ra IxaXiara yaav. 7rpoe\'>]\v66Te'i he iirl p.eya aTTe-xdeia^ o/xci)<; ev koivw ^rjpa t& AvreaLcovo<i, dhe\(f)(p TTj^ [xrirpo^ cr(f)(ov ovri 'Apyeta?, eTrnpo- irevaavTL he Kal avrSiv, avv/jpavTO e? cnroiKiav. TTjV he aiTOLKiav 6 Sy'jpa^; eareWev e? Trjv vrjdov T7jp rore oi'Ofia^o/xei^rjv KaX\.LOTi]i', tou? drro- y6i'ov<i ol Tov Mefji/3\idpou 7rapa')(^Mp7]aea9aL Tfj<; 8 ^aaiXela'i eXiTL^cov eKovra^, oTrep ovv Kal eVot- i^aav Xa^6vTe<i Xoyi-afiov on @rjpa fiev e? avrov avrjei K.dhp,ov ro yeva, ol he rjaav diroyovoi Mefi/3Xi(ipov Mefi^Xiapov he avhpa ovra rov hij/Liov Kdhpo<i ev rfj V7]a(p KareXiirev r)ye/xova elrai rwi' eiroLKWv. Kal Sr]pa<; fiev rrj re vrjaco fiere^aXev d(f)' eavrov ro 6vo/xa Kal ol Kal vvv 6 LACONIA, I. 5-8 Heracleidae in the reign of Tisamenus, son of Orestes, both districts, Messene and Argos, had kings put over them ; Argos had Temenus and Messene Cresphontes. In Lacedaemon, as the sons of Aristodemus were twins, there arose two royal houses ; for they say that the Pythian priestess approved. Tradition has it that Aristodemus himself died at Delphi before the Dorians returned to the Peloponnesus, but those who glorify his fate assert that he was shot by Apollo for not going to the oracle, having learned from Heracles, who met him before he arrived there, that the Dorians would make this return to the Peloponnesus. But the more correct account is that Aristodemus was murdered by the sons of Pylades and Electra, who were cousins of Tisamenus son of Orestes. The names given to the sons of Aristodemus were Procles and Eurvsthenes, and although they were twins they were bitter enemies. Their enmity reached a high pitch, but nevertheless they combined to help Theras, the son of Autesion and the brother of their mother Argeia and their guardian as well, to found a colony.
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    29 May 2018 The Riddle of Ancient Sparta: Unwrapping the Enigma PROFESSOR PAUL CARTLEDGE (Sir Winston) Churchill once famously referred to Soviet Russia as ‘a riddle wrapped in a mystery inside an enigma’. My title is a simplified version of that seemingly obscure remark. The point of contact and comparison between ancient Sparta and modern Soviet Russia is the nature of the evidence for them, and the way in which they have been imagined and represented, by outsiders. There was a myth - or mirage – of ancient Sparta, as there was of Soviet Russia: typically, the outsider who commented was both very ignorant and either wildly PRO or – as in Churchill’s case – wildly ANTI. There was no moderate, middle way. The ‘Spartan Tradition’ (Elizabeth Rawson) is alive and – well, ‘well’ to this day. To start us off, I give you a relatively gentle, deliberately inoffensive and very British example of the PRO myth, mirage, legend or tradition of ancient Sparta. In 2017 Terry’s of York confectioners would have been celebrating its 150th anniversary, had it not been taken over by Kraft in 1993. A long discontinued but still long cherished Terry’s line was their ‘Spartan’ assortment: hard-centre chocolates, naturally. Because the Spartans were the ultimate ancient warriors, uber-warriors, if you like. And their fearsome reputation on the battlefield had won them not just respect but fame – and not just in antiquity: think only of the Battle of Thermopylae in 480 BCE – and of the movie 300. But of course the Spartans were no mere chocolate box soldiers - they were the real thing, the hard men of ancient Greece.
  • Sanctuary Dedications and the Treatment of the Dead in Laconia (800–600 BC): the Case of 83 Artemis Orthia

    Sanctuary Dedications and the Treatment of the Dead in Laconia (800–600 BC): the Case of 83 Artemis Orthia

    Honouring the Dead in the Peloponnese Proceedings of the conference held at Sparta 23-25 April 2009 Edited by Helen Cavanagh, William Cavanagh and James Roy CSPS Online Publication 2 prepared by Sam Farnham Table of Contents Abstracts v Preface xxv 1 Emilia Banou and Louise Hitchcock The 'Lord of Vapheio': the social identity of the dead and its implications for Laconia in the 1 Late Helladic II–IIIA period. 2 Diana Burton God and hero: the iconography and cult of Apollo at the Amyklaion. 25 3 Nikolaos Dimakis The display of individual status in the burials οf Classical and Hellenistic Argos. 33 4 Eleni Drakaki Late Bronze Age female burials with hard stone seals from the Peloponnese: a contextual 51 approach. 5 Rachel Fox Vessels and the body in Early Mycenaean funerary contexts. 71 6 Florentia Fragkopoulou Sanctuary dedications and the treatment of the dead in Laconia (800–600 BC): the case of 83 Artemis Orthia. 7 Stamatis Fritzilas Grave stelai and burials in Megalopolis. 99 8 Pepi Gavala The sculpted monuments in Laconian cemeteries (late 19th – early 20th century). 129 9 Oliver Gengler 151 Leonidas and the heroes of Thermopylae: memory of the dead and identity in Roman Sparta. 10 Mercourios Georgiadis 163 Honouring the dead in Mesolithic and Neolithic Peloponnese: a few general observations. 11 Grigoris Grigorakakis 183 New investigations by the 39th Ephoreia of Prehistoric and Classical antiquities at Helleniko, n. Kynouria. The burial of Late Classical date from the western roadside cemetery. 12 Georgia Kakourou-Chroni Nikiforos Vrettakos: “Let us depart ascending ...” 201 13 Konstantinos Kalogeropoulos The social and religious significance of palatial jars as grave offerings.
  • Pausanias' Description of Greece

    Pausanias' Description of Greece

    BONN'S CLASSICAL LIBRARY. PAUSANIAS' DESCRIPTION OF GREECE. PAUSANIAS' TRANSLATED INTO ENGLISH \VITTI NOTES AXD IXDEX BY ARTHUR RICHARD SHILLETO, M.A., Soiiii'tinie Scholar of Trinity L'olltge, Cambridge. VOLUME IT. " ni <le Fnusnnias cst un homme (jui ne mnnquo ni de bon sens inoins a st-s tlioux." hnniie t'oi. inais i}iii rn>it ou au voudrait croire ( 'HAMTAiiNT. : ftEOROE BELL AND SONS. YOUK STIIKKT. COVKNT (iAKDKX. 188t). CHISWICK PRESS \ C. WHITTINGHAM AND CO., TOOKS COURT, CHANCEKV LANE. fA LC >. iV \Q V.2- CONTEXTS. PAGE Book VII. ACHAIA 1 VIII. ARCADIA .61 IX. BtEOTIA 151 -'19 X. PHOCIS . ERRATA. " " " Volume I. Page 8, line 37, for Atte read Attes." As vii. 17. 2<i. (Catullus' Aft is.) ' " Page 150, line '22, for Auxesias" read Anxesia." A.-> ii. 32. " " Page 165, lines 12, 17, 24, for Philhammon read " Philanimon.'' " " '' Page 191, line 4, for Tamagra read Tanagra." " " Pa ire 215, linu 35, for Ye now enter" read Enter ye now." ' " li I'aijf -J27, line 5, for the Little Iliad read The Little Iliad.'- " " " Page ^S9, line 18, for the Babylonians read Babylon.'' " 7 ' Volume II. Page 61, last line, for earth' read Earth." " Page 1)5, line 9, tor "Can-lira'" read Camirus." ' ; " " v 1'age 1 69, line 1 , for and read for. line 2, for "other kinds of flutes "read "other thites.'' ;< " " Page 201, line 9. for Lacenian read Laeonian." " " " line 10, for Chilon read Cliilo." As iii. 1H. Pago 264, " " ' Page 2G8, Note, for I iad read Iliad." PAUSANIAS. BOOK VII. ACIIAIA.