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Kriegers Flak Offshore Wind Farm Kriegers Flak Offshore Wind Farm Birds and Bats EIA - Technical Report June 2015 a Energinet.dk This report is prepared for Energinet.dk as part of the EIA for Kriegers Flak Offshore Wind Farm. The report is prepared by Danish Center for Environment and Energy (DCE) at Aarhus University and DHI in collaboration with NIRAS. www.niras.dk Kriegers Flak Offshore Wind Farm Birds and bats at Kriegers Flak Baseline investigations and impact assessment for establishment of an offshore wind farm June 2015 2 This report has been prepared under the DHI Business Management System certified by DNV to comply with ISO 9001 (Quality Management) 3 Kriegers Flak Offshore Wind Farm Environmental Impact Assessment Technical background report Birds and bats Prepared for Energinet.dk Represented by Anders Nielsen/Pernille Holm Skyt Photo by Thomas W. Johansen Project manager Henrik Skov Author Henrik Skov Mark Desholm Stefan Heinänen Thomas W. Johansen Ole R. Therkildsen Quality supervisor Ramūnas Žydelis Project number 11813670 Approval date June 2015 Revision Final Classification Public 4 Contents 1 Non technical summary ............................................................................................................................. 8 2 Ikke teknisk resumé .................................................................................................................................12 3 Introduction .............................................................................................................................................15 3.1 Focus of the baseline investigation and impact assessment ...........................................................16 4 Project description ...................................................................................................................................16 4.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................................16 4.2 Kriegers Flak - Site Location ..............................................................................................................16 4.3 Physical Characteristics ....................................................................................................................19 4.4 Wind Farm Layout ............................................................................................................................19 4.5 Wind turbines ...................................................................................................................................21 4.5.1 Description ............................................................................................................................... 21 4.5.2 Dimensions .............................................................................................................................. 22 4.5.3 Lighting and marking ............................................................................................................... 22 4.6 Offshore sub-station platforms ........................................................................................................23 4.6.1 Description ............................................................................................................................... 23 4.7 Export cable ......................................................................................................................................23 4.8 Wind farm decommissioning ............................................................................................................23 4.8.1 Extent of decommissioning ..................................................................................................... 24 4.8.2 Decommissioning of wind turbines ......................................................................................... 24 4.8.3 Decommissioning of offshore sub-station platform................................................................ 24 5 Description of activities that could result in an impact on birds .............................................................24 5.1 Affecting factors during construction ...............................................................................................24 5.1.1 Habitat displacement .............................................................................................................. 25 5.1.2 Habitat impairment and destruction ....................................................................................... 25 5.2 Affecting factors during operation ...................................................................................................26 5.2.1 Habitat displacement .............................................................................................................. 26 5.2.2 Habitat impairment and destruction ....................................................................................... 28 5.2.3 Artificial reef effect .................................................................................................................. 28 5.2.4 Collision risk ............................................................................................................................. 28 5.2.5 Barrier effect ............................................................................................................................ 29 6 Methods ...................................................................................................................................................30 6.1 GPS tracking of Common Crane .......................................................................................................30 5 6.2 Radar tracking of bird migration ...................................................................................................... 32 6.3 Rangefinder tracking of flight altitudes ............................................................................................ 36 6.4 Other available data on bird migration ............................................................................................ 37 6.5 Available survey data on waterbird distribution .............................................................................. 37 6.6 Acoustic detection of bats ................................................................................................................ 37 6.7 Weather data ................................................................................................................................... 39 6.8 Data handling ................................................................................................................................... 39 6.8.1 Processing of radar and rangefinder track data ...................................................................... 39 6.9 Statistical analysis and modelling ..................................................................................................... 40 6.9.1 Homogeneity of altitude slope ................................................................................................ 40 6.9.2 Modelling flight altitudes ........................................................................................................ 40 6.9.3 Modelling waterbird distribution ............................................................................................ 41 6.9.4 Assessment of collision risks to migrating birds ...................................................................... 43 6.9.5 Assessment of barrier effects on migrating birds ................................................................... 46 6.9.6 Assessment of cumulative impacts and severity of impacts ................................................... 47 7 Existing conditions ................................................................................................................................... 47 7.1 The use of Kriegers Flak area by non-breeding waterbirds ............................................................. 47 7.1.1 Long-tailed Duck ...................................................................................................................... 49 7.1.2 Common Scoter ....................................................................................................................... 55 7.1.3 Velvet Scoter ........................................................................................................................... 59 7.2 Bird migration across the Arkona Basin ........................................................................................... 63 7.2.1 Observation effort ................................................................................................................... 64 7.2.2 Sparrowhawk ........................................................................................................................... 69 7.2.3 Honey Buzzard ......................................................................................................................... 77 7.2.4 Common Buzzard .................................................................................................................... 86 7.2.5 Rough-legged Buzzard ............................................................................................................. 92 7.2.6 Red Kite ................................................................................................................................... 96 7.2.7 Osprey ..................................................................................................................................
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