The ITTH project is funded by European Comission in the framework of Erasmus+: Comenius Programme, Cooperation and Innovation for Good Practices.

BIODIVERSITY ANALYSIS BIODIVERSITY ANALYSIS Biodiversity in numbers

1. How many species of plants, and fungi can be found in your country?

 There are million of living beings that we can in .  Several dozens are protected by law: bat, bustard; saramugo; Iberian wolf Iberian lynx, osprey, black stork, Portuguese laurel cherry (laurel-of-Portugal), four-leaf clover; mad-Ginjeira-of the ; cork; oaks

 Endemic species we have several as: BIODIVERSITY ANALYSIS

Some Endemic Portuguese species Plants • Berlengensis Armeria, Armeria-of-Berlengas - Berlengas Archipelago • Pigeon wood- • Armeria maderensis, ARMERIA wood-- Island • Zino's Petrel • Pseudarmeria armeria, Clove-Roman - Sintra Region and • Priolo Lisbon • trocaz, Pigeon wood-- Madeira Island • Chaerophyllum azoricum, in the Azorean islands of São • Pterodroma wood, wood-Nun - Madeira Island Miguel, São Jorge, Pico and • Pyrrhula murine, Priolo - Sao Miguel Island • Musschia wollastonii, Tangerão-bravo - Madeira Island

• Mammals Fish • Adult specimen of bat of the Azores

• Adult specimen of bat of the Azores • Achondrostoma occidentale, Ruivaco-the-West - • Azores Noctule, Bat-of-Azores – Azores District of Lisbon

• Achondrostoma oligolepis, roach - West and North of Reptiles Portugal • Madeiran Wall Lizard • Hydrolagus lusitanicus, Chimera-Lusitanian - Algarve • Teira dugesii, Gecko wood-- Madeira and the Azores • Iberochondrostoma lusitanicum, Boga-Portuguese - southwest of Portugal • Tarentola bischoffi, Gecko-the-wild - Hayes BIODIVERSITY ANALYSIS

2. Describe the system of protected areas in your country? (Show in a map.)

 The protected areas are classified, so fauna, flora, landscape and ecosystems or other natural present, by being so rare, ecological value or landscape value, scientific importance, cultural or social, a special relevance that demands specific measures of conservation e management, in order to promote rational management of natural resources, valorisation of natural patrimony and built, regulamenting artificial interventions that may do some damage.  In Portugal this includes: the national park, natural parks, natural reservations, natural monuments, classified places and protected landscapes. BIODIVERSITY ANALYSIS BIODIVERSITY ANALYSIS

3. How many UNESCO biosphere reserves do you have? (Show in a map.)

 Portugal has got seven biosphere reservations belonging to the UNESCO biosphere reserve, they were established in 2011 and they are:

 Berlengas Archipelago  Corvo island  island  Flores island  National Park Peneda-Gerês, belonging to the border Gerês/Xurés  Paul do Boquilobo natural reserve  Santana BIODIVERSITY ANALYSIS

Reservas da Biosfera Parque Nacional da Peneda-Gerês

Arquipélago das Ilha do Corvo Berlengas Reserva Natural do Ilha Graciosa Paul do Boquilobo

Ilha das Flores

Santana BIODIVERSITY ANALYSIS

4. How many proposed Site of Community Importance and Special Protection Areas () according to Natura 2000 are in your country?

Natura Net in 2000 in Portugal, the geographical position of our country, is quite clear showing the high biological diversity existing in Portugal.

In Portugal, there are 96 SIC classified (sites of community importance) and 59 ZPE (special protection zones).

Marine Total area Land area Marine 2 2 2 type N.º area zone (km ) (km ) area (km ) ZPE 59 10 11.486,23 9.930,77 1.555,46 SIC 96 24 16.844,31 16.130,33 713,98 BIODIVERSITY ANALYSIS

Rede Natura 2000 em Portugal BIODIVERSITY ANALYSIS Biodiversity in pictures 5. What natural ecosystems are there in your country? (Show in photos.)

Land ecosystem ALENTEJO BIODIVERSITY ANALYSIS

Ecossistema Terrestre Alentejo BIODIVERSITY ANALYSIS

Marine ecosystem Algarve Ria Formosa BIODIVERSITY ANALYSIS

Land ecosystem Parque Nacional Peneda Gerês BIODIVERSITY ANALYSIS Biodiversity in pictures

6. Describe the typical cultural landscape (towns, villages and other places changed by a man).

 Portugal has got 13 Natural Parks – protected areas with the objective of establishing the conditions to a more intimal relation between men and nature. These areas coma about of the need to conserve and preserve Nature, landscape, built patrimony and typical population lifestyle. This space includes landscapes of national interest, being as such natural, semi natural or humanized. In a natural park, nature and human activities establish a balanced relationship and harmony, that makes it a natural region or bioma, that is of interest to preserve. BIODIVERSITY ANALYSIS

Natural Parks (humanized) BIODIVERSITY ANALYSIS

Natural Parks (humanized) BIODIVERSITY ANALYSIS

7. Is there a degraded landscape in your area? Propose any possible steps of recultivation of landscape.

 We do not degraded areas in our region. BIODIVERSITY ANALYSIS

8. What natural ecosystems in your school surroundings are used for learning?

 We use mainly our land ecosistems typical in: the Cork forest; that exists in the region here our school is situated.

 In a smaller scale , we use the exterior space in our school, even for classes. BIODIVERSITY ANALYSIS

9. What attractive landscape features are in your country (karst caves, sandstones, …)? Caves: Leiria/Fátima BIODIVERSITY ANALYSIS

Alentejo: the coast

Angular discrepancy Telheiro Beach (only one in the world) BIODIVERSITY ANALYSIS Algarve: beaches BIODIVERSITY ANALYSIS Biodiversity at school

10. Do pupils learn about biodiversity and relationships between organisms?

 Yes, they do, biodiversity and biotic relations (between living beings) are taught inn the 5th grade (10/11years old) and specially in the 8th grade (13/14 years old).

 at the 8th grade level, in the Sciences classes we teach exclusively Ecosistems: their relations and sustainability. BIODIVERSITY ANALYSIS

11. What ecosystems can you study/watch in your school garden/near school environs? Which way?

 Mainly land ecosystems.  We study especially some tree species, insects and small beings in the soil. Sometimes some species of birds.

12. How many plant species can be found in your garden/ near school environs? Make approximate estimation.

 We have species of several realms: plants, small animals, fungus  Predominantly between 40 to 60 species. BIODIVERSITY ANALYSIS

13. Which way of increasing biodiversity in your school environment/ near school environs do you use?

 We try to preserve the habitats of the present living beings;  We plant new species of plants and trees;  We build nest and shelters to protect those beings (at the moment we have a project to renovate those shelters)

14. Do you use any plant-growing principles to protect biodiversity in your school garden/ near school environs?  We value plantation of regional plants and avoid the plantation of exotic or invader species.