WINTER 2004-2005Program in Judaic Studies

PERELMAN INSTITUTE PRINCETON UNIVERSITY

In this Issue 2 Courses NEWSDIRECTOR’S MESSAGE gives evidence of the administration’s commitment to a strong Judaic Studies 3 Students WE’VE MOVED!! In fall 2004, we program with high visibility on campus. 3 Class of 2004 began our second term in residence in Our experience now over these last 3 Alumni 2004 our new building, itself a new addition months has more than fulfilled our 4 Senior Theses 2004 to the campus, just opposite the Joseph expectations. We urge you to come and Henry House and a step or two from see for yourselves. 6 Graduate Fellowships Nassau Street. Firestone Library is just 7 Graduate Students BULLETIN! Late breaking news. across the way. We have our own offices 9 Summer Funding on the second floor Our new accommodations have been 13 Studying Arabic in Israel and our own handsome- housed in the Humanities Programs ly furnished seminar Building – an accurate, if rather unmem- 15 Committee room, which is equipped orable, designation. But by the time you 15 Advisory Council get this newsletter (in early 2005), the with state-of-the art 16 Faculty Research and News media capabilities. A building will be called Scheide Caldwell 19 Adjunct Faculty number of our courses House. The donor is none other than now meet there and it William Scheide, ’36, noted musicologist 19 Visitors 2003-2004 is large enough to and owner of the fabulous private library 22 Events accommodate visiting collection that is associated with the speakers in a small seminar format. The Department of Rare Books and Special spacious windows there overlook the Collections in Firestone Library. The Scheide Library is located in Firestone ogist, gave a course on ethnic minorities newly renovated East Pyne-Chancellor in Israel (for Near Eastern Studies) and Green building, Library and among other treasures holds the world’s first four printed Bibles: the during the spring semester Israel Yuval which along with of the Hebrew University, renowned Our new building is the our building and Gutenberg Bible, the Mentelin Bible, the 36-Line Bible and the 1462 Bible. scholar of medieval Judaism, team the Henry House taught a course with our own Peter Scheide Caldwell House. are now known There will be an official dedication of the building in spring 2005. Schäfer, on Christianity and the Rabbis as the Andlinger in late antiquity. Humanities THE ACADEMIC FRONT. Complex. The architecture and landscape 2003-04 was a very active year with the The core of any Judaic Studies program design, with connecting walkways and return of several of our faculty from revolves, of course, on a roster of cours- easy access among the different buildings leave, two visiting professors from Israel, es that focus directly on topics in Jewish situates Judaic Studies as an integral part and the introduction of several new history, religion, thought, and culture. of the entire grouping. As I wrote on courses. In fall 2003, Dan Rabinowitz, But we also take pride in the number of this page last year, this prime location a noted Israeli sociologist and anthropol- our offerings that seek to integrate Judaism and Jewish life within a larger historical and intellectual framework. Thus, for example, a regular part of our

curriculum includes “Jews, Christians, and Gentiles in the Ancient World,” taught by John Gager (Religion) and (Director’s Message continued on page 20) COURSES

FALL SEMESTER SPRING SEMESTER FALL SEMESTER 2003 2004 2004 The Golem: The Creation of Introduction to Judaism: Topics in Judaic Studies: Prejudice an Artificial Man Religion, History, Ethics on Trial: Antisemitism, the Courts, Peter Schäfer Burton Visotzky and the Law (Jewish Theological Seminary) Jenna Weissman-Joselit From Pale to Pampa: Jews and Judaism in Latin American Literature Culture Mavens: American Texts and Images of the Holocaust Edna Aizenberg Jews and the Arts Froma Zeitlin (Marymount Manhattan College) Jenna Weissman Joselit Modern Jewish History: 1750-Present Modern Jewish History and the A Literary Tour of the Middle East: Olga Litvak Urban Experience Short Stories from Israel and the Topics in Germanic Culture and Jenna Weissman Joselit Arab World Society: “Nation and “Diaspora” James Diamond Rabbinic Judaism: Literature, in German Jewish Literature History, and Beliefs The Jewish Enlightenment Andrea Schatz, Society of Fellows Peter Schäfer and Its Critics The Jewish Presence in Modern Olga Litvak Religion and Literature In the French Fiction and Film Old Testament: Through the Christianity and the Rabbis David Bellos Babylonian Exile in Late Antiquity Jewish Mysticism: From the Martha Himmelfarb Peter Schäfer and Yisrael Yuval Beginnings to Kabbala (Hebrew University) Jewish Thought and Modern Society Peter Schäfer Leora Batnitzky Judaism in the Greco-Roman World Religion and Literature of the Martha Himmelfarb Jews, Gentiles, and Christians Old Testament: Through the in the Ancient World Reason and Revelation Babylonian Exile John Gager in Jewish Thought Martha Himmelfarb 2003-2004 Leora Batnitzsky Masterworks of Hebrew Literature Jewish Thought and Modern Society in Translation Special Topics in the Study of Leora Batnitzky James Diamond Religion: Rabbinic Cosmology Jews, Gentiles, and Christians and Its Contexts Jews, Muslims, and Christians in the Ancient World Peter Schäfer & David Stern in the Middle Ages John Gager (University of Pennsylvania) Mark Cohen Studies in Greco-Roman Religions: Land-Identity-Nation: An Minorities in Contemporary Genres of Rabbinic Literature Introduction to Israeli Literature Israel and the Middle East Peter Schäfer Barbara Mann Dan Rabinowitz (University of Tel Aviv) Jews, Muslims, and Christians Problems in Near Eastern Jewish Readings in Judeo-Arabic in the Middle Ages History: Poverty and Charity in Mark Cohen Mark Cohen the Jewish Community of the Elementary Hebrew Geniza World The Ancient Near East: From Esther Robbins Mark Cohen City-State to Empire Beate Pongratz-Leisten Intermediate Hebrew Elementary Hebrew II Esther Robbins Esther Robbins Readings in Judeo-Arabic Mark Cohen Aspects of Israeli Culture in Hebrew Intermediate Hebrew II Esther Robbins Esther Robbins Elementary Hebrew Esther Robbins Advanced Hebrew II On leave: Barbara Mann [NES] and Barbara Mann Intermediate Hebrew Olga Litvak [History] Esther Robbins Advanced Hebrew: Aspects of Israeli Culture Phillip Hollander 2 STUDENTS

2004 Certificate Students.

ALUMNI 2004

Minda Lee Arrow is a research assistant at the Washington Institute for Near East Policy in Washington, DC. Elizabeth Bailey is working for the Erie County Commission on the Status of Women as the Coordinator of the Women Below 30 Initiative. The Commission, she observes, has not been adequately addressing the needs of the under-30 female population in the county; they brought her on as an intern to design, implement and oversee an initiative to introduce the Commission to the target population and assess the population’s needs so that the Commission may readjust its goals accordingly. Drucker Prize winners Liz Bailey and Orly Lieberman. She is also volunteering for the Literacy Volunteers of Buffalo as an ESL reading tutor, singing with the Contemporary Music Ensemble at her father’s Church, and studying for the LSATs. THE CLASS OF 2004 She will be applying for Peace Corps soon, but might put it off until after law school. JUDAIC STUDIES CERTIFICATE STUDENTS Andrea J. Campbell is currently living in NJ and working in We are proud to congratulate Minda Lee Arrow, Elizabeth downtown Manhattan at a maritime law firm – Freehill, Hogan, Rose Bailey, Andrea Joy Campbell, Daniel Freuman, Beth & Mahar, LLP. 80 Pine Street, NY, NY 10005. Her hope is to Gordon, Orly Lieberman, and Delia Ugwu-Oju the 2004 work there for a year while she begins to apply to law schools. Princeton University graduates who earned the Certificate in Daniel E. Freuman is currently working at J.P. Morgan in the Judaic Studies. investment banking division. He writes, “I am working in the natural resources group covering companies in the following THE CAROLYN L. DRUCKER sectors: oil & gas, metals & mining, chemicals, and power. To (CLASS OF 1980) PRIZE sum up what I do in one sentence, I help these companies by giving them strategic advice regarding their financial situations hrough the generosity of the Drucker family, the Program and advise them on mergers and acquisitions as well as capital Tawards an annual prize for the best senior thesis in Judaic raising (via debt and equity issuances).” Studies. Before the establishment of the program, the prize was Beth Gordon is spending this year as a Jewish Campus Service offered under the auspices of the Committee for Jewish Studies, Corps (JCSC) Fellow at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, the program’s predecessor. MD. She spends her days meeting and engaging students by The 2004 Drucker winners were Elizabeth Rose Bailey for going for coffee, attending lectures, organizing sports activities, “The Quest of the Commentary Intellectuals: Anti-Semitism, and running many programs involving free food for students!! Racism and the Search for Identity in Postwar America 1945- She plans on applying to graduate school to study Urban 1955,” and Orly Lieberman for “Wrestling with Ambiguity: Planning beginning next fall. Jewish and Christian Exegetes by the River Jabbok,” both in Orly Lieberman is happily living in New York City and studying the Department of Religion. at the Drisha Institute, engaged in full time Jewish text study. Delia Ugwu-Oju is a legal assistant at Paul, Weiss, Rifkind, Wharton & Garrison in New York City, planning to take her LSAT’s later this year and tentatively apply to law school for the next year.

3 JUDAIC STUDIES Holocaust and the beginnings of the Andrea Joy Campbell SENIOR THESES Civil Rights Movement. My findings The Representation of Conflict, 2004 reflect a broader idea that Jewishness is Competition and Consensus Between defined by a constant effort to reconstruct Blacks and Jews in Black New York one’s ideas of identity and selfhood. 1945 Newspapers Between 1950 and 1979 Minda Lee Arrow marked both the end of World War II Realist Kings: Pragmatic Foreign Policy Prior to WWII, few people wrote on the and the beginning of Commentary maga- in Saudi Arabia, 1948-1973 relationship between blacks and Jews. zine, a left-wing Jewish journal produced Following the ravages of Nazism, scholars My thesis examines Saudi foreign policy by a group known to historians as the and journalists attempted to connect the during the Arab-Israeli wars. It demon- New York Intellectuals. These thinkers, historical persecution of the Jews and strates the invalidity of scholarship who also staffed Partisan Review, spent a the discrimination against the blacks in asserting that Israel constituted the considerable amount of time writing the United States. In the 1950’s and greatest threat to Saudi Arabia and rep- about anti-Semitism. At the same time, 1960’s researchers began to produce a resented Riyadh’s most serious foreign they wrote many articles about race and plethora of material, including books, policy concern. Instead, through the racism, and cultivated professional rela- articles, reports, and studies, on the extensive use of primary sources from tionships with several members of the possibility and reality of a black-Jewish Washington’s National Archives, the African-American intelligentsia, the most alliance. These researchers believed a paper demonstrates that Israel has been notable including Richard Wright, black-Jewish partnership existed prior to a secondary or even tertiary concern for Ralph Ellison and James Baldwin. Why WWII, but differed as to what happened Saudi policy-makers. Thus, even during would a group of white, Jewish intellectuals to that alliance following the war. times of war, Saudi Arabia avoided active write about racism or publish African- Some argued that black-Jewish relations engagement against Israel. Although American writers? The Commentary improved, while others contended that Riyadh engaged in rhetoric and propa- intellectuals were struggling with their there was greater conflict between the ganda against Israel, its primary goal was own Jewishness, so they attempted to two groups. Despite opposing views to protect itself in inter-Arab battles. construct an ethnic Jewishness, in about black-Jewish relations after WWII, Indeed, during the period surrounding which Judaism or a belief in God was what cannot be denied is that a connec- the 1948 Israeli War of Independence, not a necessary component. Instead of tion between blacks and Jews did exist. 2004-2005 the 1956 Suez Crisis, and the June War religiosity, their Jewishness was dependent STUDENTS of 1967 other Arab states represented on a common association with a historical For this thesis, I chose to closely examine the greatest threats to the al-Saud and cultural tradition. In addition to black attitudes toward the Jews between monarchy. While the West’s relationship considerations of Jewishness as an ethnicity, 1950 and 1979. Based on articles from with Israel was faulted for the 1973 oil these intellectuals were constantly debating two black New York newspapers – the embargo, the huge profits earned by the role of anti-Semitism in the construc- New York Amsterdam News and the New Saudi Arabia during this time suggest tion of Jewish identity. These interests York Age – I selected several controversial that other motivations were at work informed their relationships with the case studies – the black-Jewish alliance, behind this decision. In all these cases, African-American writers, because the the Quota-Merit Debate, the Andrew Saudi foreign policy developed in a Jewish intellectuals were interested in the Young resignation, and the Arab-Israeli manner consistent with traditional parallel role of racism in the construction Dispute – to test my hypothesis. This international relations theories on realism of African-American identity. Since the hypothesis claims the existence of a and should not be seen as motivated by Jewish intellectuals did not award them- black-Jewish alliance following WWII, ideological considerations. selves the authority to write about however the black community differed African-American identity, they turned in its opinions regarding the necessity of Elizabeth Rose Bailey to African-American writers as proxies to that alliance. Key to determining these The Quest of the Commentary provide an otherwise inaccessible point attitudes was the ways in which they Intellectuals: Anti-Semitism, Racism of view from which the Jewish thinkers perceived the respective plights of blacks and the Search for Identity in could draw insight into their own situa- and Jews. For instance, (1) many blacks Postwar America 1945-1955 tion. The result was a mass of articles in thought the plight of blacks and Jews was the same. They believed the alliance This thesis employs a close reading of both journals about identity, both Jewish was necessary in the fight against racism related articles in Commentary and and African-American, in the face of and discrimination and tended to ignore Partisan Review from 1945 to 1955, external persecution. These articles were or minimize conflict. (2) Other blacks analyzing the relationship between the connected by a broader conversation perceived their problems as different source material, the time period, and about Jewishness and Jewish identity than those of the Jews. They thought conceptions of Jewishness. It deals with conducted by the Commentary intellectuals the alliance was unnecessary and empha- a peculiar decade sandwiched between in the postwar decade. sized conflict by forming committees, two explosive moments in history, the 4 protests, rallies, and riots. Rather than focusing on the issue at hand, they ran tangential issues that sought to blame the Jews for their plight. (3) Although a minority view, some blacks agreed with the second group that black and Jewish problems were dissimilar. Yet, instead of 2004 Judaic Studies Theses Students. blaming the Jews for their plight, they insisted that blacks could learn about representative of the non-mainstream decision to support the establishment of advancement and mobility from the Jews. Jewish enclave provides a rich resource the State of Israel by examining the issue and illuminates many of the issues at within the larger context of the beginnings Beth Hannah Gordon hand. These conflicts of boundaries in of the Cold War. Using State Department Testing Tradition: The Effects the Jewish community manifest them- documents procured from both the pub- of Intermarriage on American selves in marital relationships where lished Foreign Relations of the United Jewish Identity Gentile spouses commit to a marriage States series as well as additional research To the American outsider, Judaism is a with someone whose Jewish identity is a from the National Archives, I propose culture with inimitable traditions; top priority in family life. I incorporate that U.S. policy makers applied an explicit language, food restrictions, and customary reports of the interviews I conducted formulation of U.S. foreign interests – practices remind the non-Jew that he/she with 11 different individuals involved that is, the containment of the Soviet is not a member of the community. It is in various aspects of Tucson’s Jewish Union in Europe — to the Palestine the existence of these, and other, bound- communal life. situation. With the development of projects aimed at bolstering European aries that has raised many questions While American Judaism does not have a security, namely the European Recovery about American Jewish identity. How single voice, it is important for Jews to Program or Marshall Plan, came the do Jews maintain their boundaries? How continue to have one identity, especially desire to reduce U.S. involvement in has modern Judaism tested these in the face of Jewish-Gentile unions. other areas of the world because such boundaries, and what makes the Jewish There are borders that will always remain, endeavors threatened to reduce the case different from others? How does but I argue that the entire community resources the U.S. could expend in pro- this community respond when its borders should be as welcoming to the inquisitive tecting the security of Western Europe. are threatened? I define the term outsider as possible. By educating and At every major juncture within the “community” as a word implying the sharing Judaism with non-Jews, it is Palestine controversy U.S. policy makers character of American Jews as a whole, as possible to reinforce Jewish culture made decisions designed to minimize they constitute a national community while reaching further across its borders the extent of U.S. commitments in united by a commonality of shared into American life. customs, traditions, affiliations, mem- Palestine. As the situation within Palestine berships, and contributions to certain Ellen Horrow and Europe changed from 1946 through organizations. The most prominent Cold War in a Hot Land: The United 1948, U.S. policy makers altered their threat to American Jewry is the States and the Partition of Palestine, specific policies within the Palestine area increasing trend of intermarriage, or 1946-1948 to concur with their overall policy Jewish-Gentile marriages. framework designed to pursue neither This thesis examines the role played by Jewish nor Arab interests, but rather After surveying the literature regarding U.S. Cold War policy in the creation of American interests. group boundaries, membership, and U.S. policy towards Palestine. That policy specifically the Jewish communal response has presented scholars with a significant Orly Lieberman to intermarriage practices, I evaluate dilemma, since at times U.S. policy Wrestling with Ambiguity: Jewish demographic trends in order to define appeared to support the establishment and Christian Exegetes by the how the American Jewish population has of a Jewish state in Palestine, while other River Jabbok been changing. I then move from the policies acted to prevent this from My thesis explores how Biblical com- national demographic trends to the occurring. Prior explanations have mentators approach the Bible. I looked inconsistency between practices of secular focused on competing interests within at how various sources, including different and religious Jews and ideologies of the U.S. government, namely President translations and targums of the Bible, Jewish community leaders. Here, it Truman’s desire to support the State of midrash, and the writings of early became necessary to incorporate data Israel and the State Department’s desire Christians authors, responded to the from a tangible local Jewish community to support Arab interests. My thesis story of Jacob crossing the river Jabbok and for my thesis I chose Tucson, AZ. seeks to explain these seemingly contra- Exploring a single community that is dictory U.S. decisions and the ultimate (Senior Theses continued on page 6) 5 (Senior Theses continued from page 5 )

found in Genesis 32. This narrative also contains the momentous struggle with the angel and the renaming of Jacob as “Israel”. In the course of this study, it becomes apparent that through their clarifications and illuminations of the GRADUATE FELLOWSHIPS story the Biblical translators and com- mentators strove to maintain the applica- new initiative was implemented for 2003-04 graduate bility of the Bible to their present lives. A school applicants who demonstrate a major interest in some aspect of Judaic Studies. In consultation with the relevant depart- Delia Virginia Ugwu-Oju ment, the Program is now offering top up fellowships, with the Brothers of a Different Color: understanding that the students will maintain research interests in Reflections of the Black-Jewish Judaic Studies throughout their graduate careers. Additionally, Alliance During the Civil Rights there are opportunities for draw-down Movement and dissertation assistance later on in Although blacks were the prime focus The Program is students’ graduate careers. and contributors toward the American now offering top up The following 2003 incoming stu- struggle for freedom, the battle for civil fellowships. dents were the first to benefit from equality could not have been won if the new Judaic Studies graduate fel- not for the participation of non-black lowships: Gregg Gardner in the Americans. As American society moved Department of Religion studies ancient Judaism within from earlier periods of black docility Greco-Roman and Christian context, specifically focuses on and Jim Crow to the landmark legisla- the economy of ancient Palestine during the Mishnaic and tion of the mid-sixties, it was only after Talmudic periods; Danielle Shani in the Department of the American Jewish community joined Politics concentrates on political theory relating to Israel’s the civil rights movement that attempt to reach a constitution by consensus; Jamie America witnessed an unparalleled Sherman in the Department of Anthropology studies ties

STUDENTS change in political and social between gender and power and the prescriptive models embed- dynamism. The end of the Second ded within representations, fictional and ‘real,’ in the contem- World War witnessed a peak in Jewish porary Middle East: and Uriel Simonsohn in the involvement in the fight for civil rights. Department of Near Eastern Studies focuses on social history My intent was to chronicle this initial of non-Muslim communities in the Middle Ages, namely Jews period of activism and demonstrate and Christians, and hopes to conduct comparative work through that the special alliance between Jews the extensive use of documents found in the Cairo Geniza and and blacks dictated, in very important contemporary Christian literature. ways, the direction this country was heading with regard to racial equality. The following 2004 incoming students were awarded Judaic Blacks and Jews each brought some- Studies fellowships: thing of their own to the table, and Yaron Ayalon in the Department of Near Eastern Studies will both were able to change the racial explore the history of the lower social strata in Middle Eastern direction of the country in a variety of and Ottoman contexts; Adam Jackson in the Department of ways. What, modern historians ask, Religion will investigate Jewish experiences of and attitudes made Jews privy to civil rights involve- toward Roman rule and culture during the empire and late ment? Why were these two groups, antiquity; Meir Soloveitchik in the Department of Religion Jews and blacks, so distinctively aligned will study Jewish and Christian theology, particularly the theology in the American fight for equality? As of thinkers who ponder the relationship between these two mentioned earlier, Jewish involvement, faiths.; AlanVerskin in the department of Near Eastern Studies gave the black struggle for equality a will primarily focus on the study of social and intellectual interac- greater impact. Conversely, the courage tions between Jews and Muslims in the medieval period; and of black activists, exposing the wrongs Moulie Vidas in the Department of Religion is interested in of American segregation, encouraged interpreting rabbinic literature in the context of religious theory. American Jews to fully combat the ‘good ol’ boy’ system which also Additionally, Holger Zellentin, a fourth year student in the discriminated against Jews. Department of Religion was awarded a research fellowship for his dissertation preliminarily titled “Late Antiquity Upside Down: 6 Rabbinic Parodies of Jewish, Christian and Gentile Literature.” GRADUATE STUDENTS

lthough the Program in Judaic Studies is designed for vented their communal identity through the appropriation and Aundergraduates, there are many graduate students at subversion of elements of Greekness. He graduated summa cum Princeton who are pursuing topics relevant to Judaic Studies laude in Hebrew and Ancient History & Classics from Ohio within their home departments. At the present time, these State University, received an MA in Hebrew and Judaic Studies include Anthropology, Architecture, Comparative Literature, from New York University, and was a 2003-04 dissertation English, Germanic Languages and Literature, History, Music, fellow at the Princeton Center for the Study of Religion. Near Eastern Studies, Politics, and Religion. William Plevan, Religion. Bill Plevan is in the third year of Abby Bender, English, is a 2004-2005 Woodrow Wilson the Religion department’s program in Religion and Philosophy Foundation Charlotte W. Newcombe Dissertation Fellow. Her after earning his rabbinic ordination from the Jewish Theological dissertation, entitled “Out of Egypt and into Bondage: Exodus Seminary. He is interested in modern Jewish thought, philosophy and the Location of Irish Identity from the Revival to the of religion, and moral, political and legal philosophy. He is Republic,” investigates the ways in which the Biblical story of currently working on a paper entitled “Democracy and the Exodus—a narrative that lends itself to a range of political Jewish Tradition: Mordecai Kaplan and the Democratization of ideologies—has been appropriated, interrogated, and reinvented Judaism” for the 2004 American Academy of Religion Conference in the Irish national imagination. in San Antonio, Texas. Jesse Ferris, Near Eastern Studies, is a second year PhD candidate. Elliot Ratzman, Religion. This year, Elliot is finishing up in the He holds a BA in History from Yale University and is writing a Religion, Ethics and Politics program, and is an adjunct instructor dissertation on the Cold War in the Middle East. at Vassar College. His dissertation, “Jewish Thought and the Problem of the 20th Century” examines issues of political and Gregg Gardner, Religion, is a second year student focusing on ethical agency in the light of recent diaspora Jewish philosophers Jewish history and literature in the Greco-Roman period. He is (Michael Wyschogrod, Gillian Rose, Michael Walzer, David interested in the socio-economic history of ancient Judea and Novak, Steven Schwarzschild, Emil Fackenheim, and Emmanuel Galilee, a fusion of his B.A. studies in economics at Levinas). He is also working on a book about his years in Israel, Binghamton University and M.A. studies in Jewish history and tentatively entitled “After Zion: Israel in Theory and Practice.” A archaeology at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. He has native of Cincinnati, Ohio, he has a BA and MA in Philosophy recently investigated market activity in first century Jerusalem, from Ohio University, a MTS from Harvard Divinity School, and ancient synagogues, benefaction in Hellenistic Judea, and studied at the Hebrew University from 1997-1999. astrology in late antique Jewish society. A participant in the Program in Judaic Studies and Program in the Ancient World, Danielle Shani, Politics. She is a second year student whose work Gregg spent the summer of 2004 at an archaeological excavation is in the field of public opinion and political psychology, with in Yotvata, Israel. special interest in the implications to democratic theory. She came to Princeton after completing a BA (in Political Science and Philip Lieberman, Near Eastern Studies, is a second year student Philosophy) and MA (in Political Philosophy) in Tel-Aviv who earned an MA in Talmud and Rabbinics from the Jewish University, both summa cum laude. The title of her MA thesis Theological Seminary of America. His dissertation will concern was “Aristotle, Politics, and the Virtue of Emotions”. Apart from the economic life of the Jewish community of Egypt in the her studies, she also worked in the Israeli Institute for medieval period, specifically involving networks of Jewish traders Democracy (2001-2003) on two projects: (1) led the “Israeli in the 11th-13th centuries. His current projects involve an Democracy Index”, a project which was established to evaluate unsigned responsum which he believes can be traced to Elisha annually the quality and functioning of Israeli democracy, in Gallico (16th c, Safed), concerning married life, and the self- which she co-authored the book “Auditing the Israeli Democracy conception of the Babylonian Yeshivot as seen through Geniza – 2003.” (2) engaged in the project “Constitution by Consensus,” documents, focusing specifically on language used in appeals which includes extensive and intensive deliberations, involving for charitable donations. various segments of Israeli society, a process through which a Edward Muston, Comparative Literature, is currently a second national constitution is to evolve. Her task was to evaluate this year student who works on post-war fiction in German, French, initiative, examine the outcome of the deliberations, and and English. At present he is completing course requirements recommend guidelines for activity. Before joining the Israeli and compiling his generals reading lists. Institute for Democracy she worked in journalism (1994-2001), first as a reporter in the Israeli Army Radio Station (Galei-Zahal), Kevin Osterloh, Religion, is a fifth-year student in the Programs one of the most popular networks in the country, and later as an in the Ancient World and Judaic Studies. His dissertation, editor in Yediot Acharonot, Israel’s most widely circulated newspaper. “Constructing the Ethnos-Politeia: Reinventing Judaean Communal Identity in a Hellenistic World Contending with Jamie Sherman, Anthropology. She is a second year graduate Rome,” analyzes collective identity and cultural appropriation student and holds a BFA in Theatre Arts from the University amongst Judaeans, Romans, and Greeks. He intends to of Tel Aviv (1992) and an interdisciplinary MA from NYU in demonstrate how Judaean elites of the 2nd-century BCE rein- (Graduate Students continued next page) 7 (Graduate Students continued from page 7)

gender, Hebrew Bible, and Performance Studies. The title Alan Verskin, Near Eastern Studies, is a first year doctoral student. of her Master’s Thesis was “Roadside Attractions: Textual He received his B.A. from the University of Toronto and his Excavation of Ancient Near Eastern Gender Relations and the A.M. from the Divinity School at the University of Chicago. Notion of Sacred Prostitution as Evoked in Genesis 38.” Her His primary area of research is the study of social and intellectual main areas of interest are topics of gender/body/performance interactions between Jews and Muslims in the medieval period. and also memory, presence and absence. He presently holds a doctoral fellowship from the Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada (2004-2008). He Uriel Simonsohn, Near Eastern Studies. In his second year, has published Reading Strauss on Maimonides: A New Approach Simonsohn earned his undergraduate and graduate degrees (Textual Reasoning Vol. 3, No. 1, June 2004,) and a book from Tel Aviv university in Jewish and Islamic history. The title review of Lenn Goodmans Islamic Humanism (Journal of of his Masters thesis was “The Status of non-Muslim Communities Religion, October 2004). in Fatimid Egypt,” in which he compared the judicial work of the supreme Fatimid legislator of the 10th century, al-Qadhi al-Nu’man, Natasha Zaretsky, Anthropology, is a fifh year graduate student concerning non-Muslim issues, with evidence found in the Cairo who is currently writing her dissertation on the Jewish community Geniza and Christian historiography. His main interest is the in Buenos Aires, Argentina, entitled “Memory, Violence, and social history of non-Muslim communities in the Middle Ages, the Politics of Belonging: European Jews in Buenos Aires, namely Jews and Christians, and hopes to conduct comparative Argentina”. She just returned from her fieldwork in Buenos Aires, work through the extensive use of documents found in the Cairo supported by a Fulbright IIE grant (2003), and has been Geniza and contemporary Christian literature. awarded a fellowship from the Fellowship of Woodrow Wilson Scholars (2004-2005). She received her BA from Dartmouth David Snyder, Architecture. He is a fifth-year graduate student College in anthropology in 1997, where she also earned a with a BA from Columbia University (1988), a BA from the Senior Fellowship (1996-1997) for a project entitled Jewish Theological Seminary (1988), and a Master of “Negotiating Identities, Transcending Boundaries: Soviet Jewish Architecture from Yale (1991). His dissertation is entitled immigrants in Brooklyn, New York.” Her most current projects “Jewish Space and the Modern Metropolis: Urban Renewal in include “Singing towards Justice: Memory, Performance, and Prague and Warsaw, 1885-1950.” It is an investigation of the Social Change in a Yiddish Chorus of Buenos Aires,” Latin architectural and urban qualities—both imagined and real—that American Jewish Studies Association Research Conference, constituted the particular ghetto spaces in postwar Warsaw and Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH (June 2004); “Walls of fin-de-siècle Prague in order to determine what role the figure

STUDENTS Memory: Security, Violence, and Belonging in Buenos Aires, of the Jewish ghetto played in urban renewal schemes in both Argentina,” American Ethnological Society Conference, cities. By positioning the ghetto space as the archetypal marker Atlanta, GA (April 2004); and “Reflections on Commemorative of difference in the modern city, this project will ultimately Practices and Security after the AMIA Bombing”, Memory suggest a series of linkages and points of tension — 1) between Studies Group, Institute of Economic and Social Development ethnicity, multiculturalism, liberalism, and the construction of (IDES), Buenos Aires, Argentina (November 2003) identity, 2) between perception and physical reality, and 3) between modernity and history. From these perspectives, the Holger Zellentin, Religion, is a fourth year student in the field ghetto space, it is argued, elucidates the shifting concerns within of Late Antiquity. His dissertation is preliminarily titled “Late the discourses of modern architectural and urban planning. Antiquity Upside Down: Rabbinic Parodies of Jewish, Christian The Program in Jewish Studies granted him summer funds in and Gentile Literature.” He received his undergraduate education 2003 to pursue archival research in Berlin and Prague in support in France and holds one Masters Degree in Divinity, and one in of his dissertation. He was awarded a Fulbright fellowship for Hebrew and Aramaic Language, both from the University of study in Poland (1992) and was the recipient of a research fel- Amsterdam. Before coming to Princeton he studied in Jerusalem lowship at the Center for Jewish History in New York City (2004). and Berlin. He is currently organizing a conference on Heresy in Late Antiquity under the auspices of Professor Peter Schäfer. Adriana X. Tatum, Comparative Literature, is entering her fourth year of graduate study. Her research focuses on modern Other graduate students working in areas relevant to Jewish Hebrew poetry of the 20th century, with an emphasis on issues Studies are the following: Seth D. Abelson (Comparative of translation, multilingualism, and national canon-building. She Literature), Yaron Ayalon (Near Eastern Studies), Amit Bein works closely on the poetry of Esther Raab, Leah Goldberg, (Near Eastern Studies), Soelve I Curdts (Comparative Literature), and Harold Schimmel. Adriana graduated in 1998 from the Joshua Derman (History), Joshua Dubler (Religion), Eduard College of William and Mary with a B. A. in Literary and Iricinschi (Religion), Adam Jackson (Religion), Hannah Johnson Cultural Studies. As an undergraduate, she studied Latin (English), Ernestina Osorio (Architecture), Hanoch Sheinman American Modernist poetry and published several translations (Philosophy), Amy Shuster (Politics), Maya Soifer (History), Meir of Ecuadorian poetry. Prior to coming to Princeton, she attended Soloveitchik (Religion), Bella Tendler (Near Eastern Studies), the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. Natasha Tessone (English), Moulie Vidas (Religion), Keri Walsh (English), and Eric Yellin (History). 8 SUMMER FUNDING My internship at the Jewish Museum n the summer of 2004, the Program covered two major tasks. The former I in Judaic Studies assisted four under- was to catalog a collection of 130 LPs of graduate and nine graduate students with Yiddish folk songs which had been trans- special funding grants for summer projects. ferred onto CD. I needed to copy down Jonathan Chavkin (’05) studied Hebrew all the pertinent information on the for thesis research; Henryk Jaronowski record cover and organize this information (’06) served as an intern at the Jewish into a catalog. I wanted to use a MARC Museum in Vienna; Sarit Kattan (’06) library-style catalog system, but it wasn’t studied Arabic to use primary sources for available to me, so I put all the informa- her senior thesis; and Rena Lauer (’05) tion into an organized text file, the codes studied intensive French to prepare her and conventions of which I put in a short for the primary research she will do for catalog manual. The major problems were especially meaningful to me, since my her senior thesis on medieval French standardizing my transliteration of Yiddish family was from Krakow and I even Jewry. The graduate students varied in out of Hebrew characters and standard- managed to happen upon some of my level from I-IV. Jesse Ferris (NES 2nd izing reconstructions of transliterations family names in the New Jewish year) to fund pre-dissertation research in based on the varying transliterations Cemetery there. Israel and study Arabic; Gregg Gardner which appeared on the record covers. (REL 1st year) to participate in an My second task was to write for the The fact that my university’s Program in excavation in Israel; Eduard Iricinschi exhibition catalog of two exhibitions by Judaic Studies supported my efforts with (REL 2nd year) to study intensive Hebrew an Israeli artist, Oz Almog, who some- the Jewish Museum to preserve the at JTS; Edward Muston (COM 1st year) times works in conjunction with the Jewish culture of Eastern Europe (through for the study of exile literature in the Swiss Jewish Museum. He wanted the text in cataloging the Yiddish folksongs) and National Museum; Kevin Osterloh (REL English for the introductions to his exhibi- bring the art of a Jewish Israeli artist to 4th year) for research and German tions “Colors of War” and “Camouflage”, Vienna is meaningful to me. Moreover, I language study; Jamie Sherman (SOC 1st as well as other text for “Colors of War”. was moved by the opportunity to live year) for an ethnographic project in Over the course of weeks, I wrote a and be a part of Jewish life in a city which Morocco on the public lives of Jewish 13-page introduction for “Colors of my grandmother, who grew up in Berlin women and to study Arabic; Philippa War” and a 5-page introduction for and Krakow, visited as a girl. It is the Townsend (REL 3rd year) for study in “Camouflage”, as well as text for the kind of experience that one remembers Israel; and Holger Zellentin (REL 3rd Israel section of “Colors of War”. for a lifetime. year) for dissertation research in the Before I came to Vienna, I contacted the Netherlands and Germany. These are well SARIT KATTAN Chief Rabbi of Vienna, Paul Chaim worth reading. They give a sense of the Eisenberg, asking if a congregant of his I am grateful for the Judaic Studies’ variety of opportunities for research in had a spare room for the summer. He put generosity in funding my studies at the Judaic Studies and are proof, if proof were me in touch with a member of the con- Middlebury College Arabic Language needed, of the vitality of such studies gregation who, in coordination with three Program this summer, where I completed at Princeton. of her friends, offered me accommodations my third year of Classical Arabic and solidified my grasp on the structure of JONATHAN CHAVKIN in various apartments over the course of the summer. Through this congregant, I the language as well as my speaking This summer I took an intensive beginning had the opportunity to have Shabbes at skills. In addition to language study, I Hebrew course, which gave me a great various friends’ houses over the summer: wrote my final Arabic research paper for base in Hebrew. I plan to continue my an Orthodox banker, an Orthodox fur the program, entitled “Jewish, Christian study of Hebrew after graduation, perhaps merchant, and a Chasid. I also went to and Muslim Polemics in the Middle Ages,” pursuing a graduate degree in Jewish all kinds of synagogues: I got an aliyah which allowed me both to begin early studies or attending rabbinical school. in the little schtibl where those two preparation for my fall Junior Paper as well Orthodox men prayed, I attended a Bar as use my newly-acquired language skills to HENRYK JARONOWSKI Mitzvah at the mainstream Stadttempel, read select texts in their original language. I want to thank the Program in Judaic built in 1815, and I also went to the I was able to return to school with a Studies for its generous summer grant Reform synagogue where my host plays strong enough Arabic background to which allowed me to do a nine-week the piano. I also visited Prague and begin studying Judaeo-Arabic with internship at the Jewish Museum Krakow during the summer, and saw the Professor Mark Cohen and write a JP in Vienna. synagogues and Jewish cemeteries in about the relationship of specific both cities. The one in Krakow was (Summer Funding continued next page) 9 (Summer Funding continued from page 9)

Judaeo-Arabic religious phraseology to JESSE FERRIS Since the beginning of September, I later Hebrew translations. I am research- have turned to initial research on my This summer, funds provided by Princeton ing the Early Middle Ages text “Polemus dissertation. I was able to attain affiliate University and the Program in Judaic Nestor haKomer, Polemic of Nestor the status at the University of Haifa and Studies enabled me to travel to Israel in Priest” to better understand the transla- borrower status at the university library. order to begin dissertation research and tion methods used when the document I have begun to read through the corpus study Arabic. I am in the initial stages of was translated from Judaeo-Arabic to of literature about the Yemeni civil war, research towards a dissertation on the Hebrew, focusing on ancient Hebrew Soviet policy in the Middle East, and the Cold War and the Middle East. More words which, as a result of the translation background of the Six Day War. If time specifically, I am examining the policies process, adopted new definitions based permits, I will begin primary source of the Soviet Union and Egypt from the on the definition of Arabic cognates. In research at the archives of the Israeli outbreak of the civil war in Yemen until the Judaeo-Arabic course, we read Foreign Ministry before returning to the outbreak of the Arab-Israeli war of Saadya and Maimonidies as preparation Princeton in the Spring. June 1967. I devoted last summer to for reading Cairo Geniza manuscripts, honing my Russian language skills in which are important for future studies in Russia. I dedicated this summer mainly Jewish social and religious history. I plan to Arabic. on focusing my spring JP on Judaeo- Arabic magical (and mystical?) documents I enrolled in an intensive course in found in and out of the Geniza. advanced spoken and written Arabic at the Jewish-Arab Center for Peace in Learning about the Geniza has been an Givat Haviva, Israel. I studied Arabic for unparalleled experience for me, as the six hours a day in the classroom with a documents in the Geniza span many superb team of Jewish and Arab teachers centuries and continents. The Geniza from the region. Some classes empha- has become the framework in which I sized journalistic and literary language, can place within a common history while others focused on the local many different communities, ideologies, Palestinian dialect through the study of traditions, schools of thought and cultures, songs and folk tales. After class, study

STUDENTS that have in the past been compartmen- continued with several hours of written talized within scholarship. This new per- homework, oral practice, and listening spective is invaluable to my understanding exercises. Then, in the evenings, I would of time and space in Jewish history. speak Arabic as a guest residing with an RENA LAUER Arab family in the nearby village of Kafr Kara. The home-stay program added a Gregg Gardner at Yotvata, Israel This summer, with the generous help of cultural dimension of inestimable value the Program in Judaic Studies, I was to the classroom experience. Another GREGG GARDNER able to take an intensive French language cultural aspect was a tour of the sur- As my research interests, the socio- course. I had no prior French experience, rounding Arab villages and a visit to an economic history of Judea and Galilee and now am able to read thesis sources Arab middle school in the city of Umm in late antiquity, demand a strong in French. al-Fahm. Overall, the course was superb command of archaeological evidence, I This language is important for my thesis and I made excellent progress. spent this past summer participating in because I am translating and writing In the remainder of the summer, I con- an archaeological excavation in Yotvata, about a Parisian manuscript in Hebrew tinued to take private lessons in written Israel - located about a half-hour north detailing a little-known thirteenth-century Arabic with an Islamic scholar of the of the Red Sea. Under the supervision of disputation between the Jews of Paris Ahmadiya movement in Haifa. We worked Prof. Jodi Magness of the University of and a convert to Christianity. This man- on Arabic newspapers and biographical North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Prof. uscript has never been translated into material of the sort I will need to use in Gwyn Davies of Florida International English, only into French, and has only my research. I also met with local Arabs University, and Dr. Uzi Avner of the been written about in one small French on a less formal basis to continue my Arava Institute for Environmental monograph. The French language skills, study of the spoken language. In my Studies, I excavated a Roman military therefore, allow me to explore both the spare time, I read Arabic newspapers and installation that had operated from the French translation of the text as well as biographies of Egyptian generals and third through sixth centuries CE. The the short secondary work. prepared written transcriptions of recorded dig supervisors took time to teach me Arabic radio and television programs. important excavation skills, such as 10 drawing balks, land-surveying, taking How do my summer studies in Hebrew only for Swiss, but also Austrian and elevation points, artifact preservation help my academic development at German writers. Thus, this research has and recording methods. My knowledge Princeton University? Currently, I pre- provided me with an invaluable insight of Hebrew came in handy as I was twice cept for an introductory course in the into the type of selective memory and asked to supervise groups of Israelis Hebrew Bible, offered by Prof. Martha intentional forgetting that appears from local kibbutzim who had come to Himmelfarb (REL 230). On the other repeatedly in my study of post-war litera- our site to dig for the day. I also delivered hand, as part of my preparation for the ture in German, French, and English. an evening lecture to the excavation general examination in Second Temple participants on my recent research at Judaism and Rabbinic Literature, this KEVIN LEE OSTERLOH Princeton on the Babylonian Talmud. fall I am auditing an advanced reading The funding I received this past summer The program also included a tour of course in Genres of the Rabbinic 2004 enabled me to complete several local archaeological sites, such as Literature, offered by Prof. Peter research and study goals. It allowed me Masada, which are related to my field of Schaefer (REL 504). Needless to say, to meet the cost of living and research interest. Following the excavation, I access to the original Hebrew texts, here in Princeton and to pay for the cost spent a day in Beit Shemesh examining crucial for both these academic tasks, has of tuition and living expenses in Munich, artifacts at the Israel Antiquities been greatly facilitated by my Hebrew Germany, where I studied in August at Authority’s storehouses. This past summer summer studies. On a more personal Munich’s Goethe Institute. I learned a great deal about archaeology note, I must say I am pleased to recom- which could only be learned “in the mend this summer course for all the While in Princeton from June through field” and am very grateful to the Princeton students who would like to July, I continued work on two chapters Program in Judaic Studies for providing further their knowledge of the Hebrew of my dissertation, one on Polybius’ financial assistance. language. view of the Roman politeia, the other on the nature of collective organization in EDWARD IRICINSCHI EDWARD MUSTON the Classical Mediterranean during the Hellenistic period. With respect to the For four weeks, between July 12 and Thanks to the support of the Program Polybius chapter, I met on two occasions August 6, 2004, I studied Modern in Judaic Studies, I was able to conduct with my adviser in the Classics Dept., Hebrew. To begin with, I registered for pre-generals research at the Swiss Harriet Flower, in order to gain feedback the summer Ulpan organized at National Library in Berne during the on the first draft. I then proceeded to Columbia University/Barnard Hillel, summer of 2004. My research focused locate and begin the reading of those New York, by Rothberg International on the plight of refugees in Switzerland secondary sources outlined by her as School at the Hebrew University of during WWII, specifically, the difficulties containing necessary information for the Jerusalem. Classes met Monday, Tuesday, faced by refugees who sought to sustain next stage of this chapter’s evolution. Thursday, and Friday, 9am -1:30pm, and themselves through the production of Wednesdays 9am-2:30pm. At the end of literary works. The policies of the Swiss My work on the chapter on the nature the course, I received five credit points, government forced these writers to the of collective identity in the 2nd century representing the equivalent of a semester, very margins of society, insofar as they BCE Mediterranean was assisted by an which were done at the rate of twenty- were prohibited from contributing to ongoing dialogue with Tessa Rajak, a five weekly hours. literary journals and newspapers. Thus, visiting fellow during the past year at the for many refugees, asylum in Switzerland Princeton Institute for Advanced Studies After taking the placement test, I was became a delicate balancing act of earning who is on faculty at the University of assigned to the class Aleph/2 (advanced enough money to survive without Reading, England. Before her departure introductory level), and studied for the jeopardizing their residence permits. in August, I submitted drafts of my rest of Ulpan from the following text- dissertation proposal to her for review, book: Hebrew from Scratch, under the This research highlighted the contrast with an eye toward accessing her views supervision of Prof. Rachel Garber, from between the actual conditions of asylum on the issue of collective identity. the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. I am in Switzerland during the war and the Amongst much else that we discussed proud to say that my final grade was A, idealized recollection of these conditions were the works of Jonathan M. Hall, reflecting a score of 94 on a scale of 1 that defined Swiss national identity after (1997) Ethnic Identity in Greek Antiquity, to 100. It may be also useful to add that the war. and his more recent (2002) Hellenicity. this final grade includes the grades I It is, precisely, the way in which these These discussions have helped to forge received for weekly written homework xenophobic policies and cultural tenden- a proper working methodology for the and class-tests, the oral final project, and cies disappear from cultural consciousness continued research and writing of the final exam. after the war as ‘everyday life’ reasserts this chapter. itself that becomes a major concern not (Summer Funding continued next page) 11 (Funding continued from page 11)

From August 16-27, I attended a 2-week, and character of the dwindling Jewish super-intensive German language course community that still lives in Morocco at the Goethe Institute in Munich. today. At the AIMS conference I heard Despite the dominance of English as the papers by scholars working in the region modern-day intellectual lingua franca, from a variety of disciplinary perspectives, German remains a key secondary source from History to Literature to language for research. Not only must I Anthropology. I made contact with be able to comprehend the insights of several anthropologists whose work was late 19th and early 20th century German relevant to my own interests in the area. scholarship in the field of Jewish Studies In Casablanca, I had the chance to visit and Classics, much work in the field one of the small, working synagogues, today continues to be written in the and chat in a combination of English German language, e.g. Schröder’s Die and limping French (mine) with some väterlichen Gesetze (1996) and Habicht’s of the women who were sitting in the Morocco, about Judaism, about anthro- 2. Makkabäerbuch (1976). The super- hallway during services. I was surprised pology (my field) and my future fieldwork intensive program was a great success. by the number of young women with projects. It enabled me to make valuable I am presently working through young children and babies, given that professional contacts, and to improve my Schröder’s work at a much improved literature tends to emphasize the elderly. language skills. It wasn’t always an easy pace, and my adviser Peter Schäfer can Casablanca, however, is home to the vast trip, but it was an invaluable academic attest to the marked improvement in my majority of Jews living in Morocco and personal experience. German language skills. Not only am I today, and there are about 5,000 Jewish now able to reference German scholarship Moroccans in Casablanca. The women I PHILIPPA TOWNSEND with much greater ease, a new world of encountered were urbane and francophone, With the generous financial assistance tangible scholarly exchange with future speaking French not only to me, but to of the Program in Judaic Studies, I was German colleagues in my field has become each other and to the children as well. able to spend this summer studying a real possibility. Interestingly, I heard no Arabic in the Hebrew and exploring historical sites in building. In Fez, because I spent more Many thanks for Judaic Studies’ generous Israel that are relevant for my research. time there, I was able to spend some

STUDENTS assistance over the past summer. It has, as My dissertation project focuses on first time at the Jewish community center. in summers past, provided an inestimable to third-century Christianity, and while There, more in keeping with my expec- contribution to my scholarly profile. most of the texts I work on are in Greek, tations, the community was mostly elderly. Latin or Coptic, I wanted to develop JAMIE SHERMAN There too, French dominated the con- greater competence also in Hebrew in versation, though a few spoke Arabic I spent this summer doing language order to be able to refer to rabbinic here and there. The community center sources. study and exploratory fieldwork in ran a kosher restaurant in their courtyard, Morocco. The first part of the trip was and functioned as a meeting place for During the first part of the summer, I spent traveling to Casablanca, Marrakesh, the eighty-odd Jewish residents of Fez. took intensive Hebrew language classes and Essoueira. I then attended a language I had several very interesting meetings at the School of Oriental and African program in colloquial Moroccan Arabic with the administrator of the center, Studies in London, in order to improve at the Arabic Language Institute in Fez. who had emigrated to Israel as a young my basic Hebrew skills. Then in August, I attended a conference held by the man, but returned to Fez following the I traveled to Israel to visit some of the AIMS Institute in Tangier on Jews in death of his father, to claim some inheri- historical sites that are central to our the Maghreb (that region of North tance. Since then, and for the past five understanding of the first century Jewish Africa). I also spent a few days in the years, he has spent part of his year in Society of Jesus and his followers. capital city of Rabat, and even managed each place. I also sat for some time with I stayed in Jerusalem’s Old City and a weekend trip into the Sahara before I the Rabbi of Fez’ Jewish community. He divided my time between exploring the left. It was an informative and productive told me many stories about the character abundance of archeological remains and trip. I got a good sense of the geography and history of Fez’ Jewish community, museums in Jerusalem itself, and travel- of the country, not to mention a close beginning with the influx of Spanish ing to other places of interest. A high- acquaintance with the public transporta- Jewry in 1492, and the disputes between light of my time was a visit to Qumran, tion system (which is quite good and Moroccan Jewish residents and the to see the desert site of the Dead Sea affordable). Aside from the language Spanish newcomers. Scrolls community. I was also able to study, which was excellent and vastly view the scrolls themselves, which are improved my ability to communicate, I This summer’s travels were invaluable as now beautifully displayed in the Israel learned a great deal about the make up a way to evaluate some of my own sup- Museums Shrine of the Book. Other positions and presuppositions about 12 places I was able to visit included Masada, where the last Jewish fighters STUDYING ARABIC “urbut il-hmaar matrah ma biquul lak held out against the Romans during the IN ISRAEL sahbo,” or: “tie the donkey wherever his first century revolt; Nazareth, the home owner tells you.” Here you are the owner by Jesse Ferris town of Jesus; Sepphoris, with its of the donkey and the plumber is a ser- breathtaking synagogue mosaics; and in vant who has given you excellent advice the Palestinian territories, Bethlehem his summer, the support of the on where to park your donkey, which you and the intriguing hill fortress of TJudaic Studies Program enabled have stubbornly rejected. Now how often Herodium. My trip was extremely me to travel to Israel in order to begin does a situation like that arise? educational on many levels, enabling dissertation research and study Arabic. Or consider the usage of formal addresses me finally to explore for myself the Since much of my stay involved such and formulaic sayings. Even the most geographical and physical context of thoroughly unremarkable activities as basic situations such as greetings and part- ancient Judaism and in particular the library research, translation, and lan- ings are regulated by a complex code. At early Jesus movement. guage classes, I would like to use this first, this is quite daunting to the non- column to share an unexpected dimen- HOLGER ZELLENTIN native speaker, but mastering it is a sion of my experience. delightful part of acquiring the language This summer I engaged in the follow- I enrolled in an intensive course in and using it in practice. Take the simple ing academic activities: July 1st – July situation of asking a stranger for direc- th advanced spoken and written Arabic 8 I visited several archeological sites taught by a superb team of Jewish and tions. The English “excuse me!” is not in Asia Minor (Turkey), especially Arab teachers at the Jewish-Arab Center enough in Arabic (although it will do in the Hellenistic city of Perge and the for Peace in Givat Haviva, Israel. The mix extremis). For a young man, use ya Roman theatre and aqueduct at of teachers proved ideal – the Jewish zalame (O, man). For an older man, stick Aspendos, both in the region of teachers were well attuned to the difficul- with ya ammi (O, my uncle). For an Pamphylia. ties of learning Arabic as a foreign lan- educated person, employ ya ustaadh (O, I then returned to Europe and partici- guage, while the Arabs helped students teacher). Address a religious or aged per- pated in the annual congress of the gain fluency in the local dialect and son respectfully as ya sheikh (O, old man European Association of Biblical provided an astonishing exposure to local or chief). To someone who has been on Studies, held July 25th- 28th at the culture. Many of us, who had come bent pilgrimage to Mecca, say ya hajj (O, pil- University of Groningen in the entirely on language acquisition, were grim). To a woman, in order to avoid any Netherlands. My paper, titled “Is Magic surprised at the extent to which under- appearance of a come-on, say ya ukhti (O, Noteworthy- Rabbinic Perspectives standing the culture came to be inseparable my sister). And so on! and a Modern Category” was well from learning the language. It is often noted that Hebrew lacks swear received, and an ongoing discussion Consider the use of proverbs, for example. words. The oaths and curses used in with some of the specialists on the Unlike English, Arabic proverbs play a everyday parlance are overwhelmingly field has ensued. Furthermore, the major role in everyday speech. Correct Arabic (and some Russian). But the lin- conference allowed for a continued usage depends on a sensitive understand- guistic current flows in both directions. intellectual exchange with several ing of local etiquette – what to say (and Hebrew words are increasingly used in European scholars. more importantly, what not to say), as colloquial Arabic, causing many Arab eld- The rest of the summer I spent in well as when and how to say it. Arabic ers to lament the loss of linguistic purity Israel. I arranged a private class of both contains a vast number of proverbs, and (a fictional notion that ignores centuries literary and spoken Arabic with Ulpan each applies to a highly specific social sit- of Ottoman-Turkish influence on spoken Akiva, Netanya. The class was very effi- uation. One example will suffice. Imagine Arabic before the creation of the state of cient, combining intensive reading ses- that you are a homeowner who wants to Israel). To the Hebrew speaker, however, sions of Modern Standard Arabic with install a second sink in your kitchen. You this is a fascinating phenomenon. For speaking exercises in the Palestinian invite a plumber over to survey the scene some modern technological concepts, like Dialect and daily contact with the and do the job. He suggests locating the “computer,” local Arabs have simply Arabic- speaking population. The class sink next to the existing one, but you say adopted the Hebrew makhshev, despite now serves as a solid basis for further that your wife prefers to have it on the the existence of a perfectly adequate (and studies in Arabic. In Tel Aviv and opposite side of the kitchen, next to the closely related) term in modern standard Jerusalem, I also made use of the local refrigerator. He argues with you, explain- Arabic, hasuub. For cell-phone, the academic institutions and met with ing that his suggestion presents significant Hebrew pelefon (literally, “wonder professors from Tel Aviv University advantages in terms of the existing pipe phone,” pronounced in Arabic belefon) is and the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. infrastructure, efficiency, and of course current, rather than the cumbersome I am truly indebted to the Program in cost. But you are immovable. At last, with haatif nakkal (portable phone). There are a sigh, he gives up and proceeds to tear up Judaic Studies for its generous funding. (Studying Arabic in Israel continued on page 14) the tile floor, muttering under his lip: 13 even more in Israeli society today. Like Layla, the vast closely-knit village society, where large mundane majority of educated Arabs in Israel are families organized in huge clans live under examples employed in the field of education. tight social constraints leading to an of the pen- Despite strict anti-discrimination laws, extraordinary degree of solidarity and etration of engineers, scientists, and other profes- social pressure, declining invitations is sim- Hebrew into Arabic, such as beseder sionals find it difficult to get hired in a ply not done. An average family typically (Hebrew for OK), which frequently punc- predominately Jewish business sector. receives dozens of invitations over the tuates Arabic phone conversations, or Lawyers in the private sector report that course of one summer. The attendant tsamuud to designate fashionably tight-fit- even Arab clients prefer to hire Jewish expenditure (not to mention the tight ting clothing. Of course, both Jews and lawyers, because they believe that Jewish social calendar) is staggering, forcing many Arabs in Israel widely employ the comic lawyers can better navigate the peculiar- into debt and, occasionally, even causing Arabic-English hybrid “yalla, bye!” to end ities of the Israeli judicial system. As a bankruptcy. phone calls. result, many Arab lawyers like Iyad feel a Arab society is changing rapidly in tandem strong incentive to specialize in religious Studying Arabic in Israel is a unique and with the rest of Israel. Nowhere is this law, in which there is a strict separation contradictory experience. We may easily transformation more evident than in the between the Rabbinic, Muslim,Christian, forget that Israel is not only the focus of delicate question of the status of women. and Druze court systems, but the conflict between Arabs and Jews, but of For example, the tradition of honor-killing opportunities for advancement and genuine attempts at coexistence and rec- – a practice of murdering female family wealth-creation are more limited. onciliation. Coexistence may be tense and members for committing offenses against imperfect, but it is also very real, con- Iyad’s parents live in a wing of the same the family honor – is gradually undergo- tributing richly to the multicultural house. In the evenings, numerous broth- ing a fascinating evolution in certain strata panoply that is contemporary Israel. A ers, sisters and their families converge on of Israeli-Arab society. Under the impact desire to go beyond classroom discussions the homestead and remain until late at of modernization and the rule of law, a on Arab culture led me to a decision to night chatting on the porch and drinking non-violent version of this practice has complement the classroom experience bottomless cups of Arabic coffee or strong emerged, which entails public excommu- with a home stay in one of the surrounding herbal tea. My room on the bottom floor nication of the offender by the family, villages. This proved somewhat difficult to was situated some fifty yards from the vil- often through newspaper advertisements.

STUDENTS arrange. Many families were unwilling to lage mosque, and so I got accustomed to At the same time, the very persistence of incur the risk of hosting a Jew in the wake being awakened along with the rest of the such practices serves to illustrate the enor- of the violent riots that marked the begin- household by a piercing call to prayer at mous differences that exist between ning of the present Intifada. Moreover, precisely 4:50 each morning. On the Jewish and Arab societies as a whole. the presence of an unmarried male among other side of the house, the Islamic These differences are astonishing, consid- the women of the family may pose a movement was building a community ering how small and modern contempo- threat to family honor. Finally, the matter center. Men from the village would gather rary Israel is, and how closely the two was arranged, and I began to spend my each night after work volunteer a few communities interact in many spheres of evenings and nights with a wonderful family hours of their time to help with the con- life. And yet, when one considers the deep in the picturesque village of Kafr Qara‘, struction. In such circumstances, even divisions within Jewish society in Israel – overlooking the valley of ‘Ara in north- non-religious families (the term “secular” between Ashkenazis and Sephardis, ortho- central Israel. does not apply) are pressed into a reli- dox and secular, rich and poor – perhaps giously regimented lifestyle that leaves lit- they are not so surprising after all. Our encounter illustrated both the degree tle space or time for privacy and introspec- of coexistence between Jews and Arabs in It is often said that ignorance breeds con- tion. Families or individuals who exhibit the present and some of the major obsta- flict. This suggests the panacea of learning outward signs of westernization are sub- cles to be faced in the future. Iyad, a as an answer to war. I think this is simplis- jected to close scrutiny from family and young lawyer and former deputy mayor tic. It is too much to hope that mere neighbors, who exert a strong social force of the village, is advancing to the top of understanding will eliminate real conflicts for social and religious conformity. Israel’s judiciary within the Muslim of interests between peoples and states. (Shari‘i) religious court system – which Marriage was a salient topic of conversa- But an understanding of the cultural ori- deals primarily with personal status laws in tion both in the classroom and in the vil- gins of difference can at least help us man- Israel’s Muslim community. His wife Layla lage. In the so-called “triangle” region of age conflicts more wisely and minimize juggles her job as a teacher of mathemat- north-central Israel, wedding and engage- their consequences. To that end, learning ics at a local middle school, with raising ment gifts constitute the single largest languages abroad is as good a start as any. three children and managing the house- expense for a typical Arab household dur- Jesse Ferris is a third-year PhD candidate hold. Despite their relative success, the ing the summer months. Arab weddings in the Department of Near Eastern Studies. couple exemplifies the difficulties of pro- are often huge events, involving many hun- He is writing a dissertation on the Cold War fessional advancement for educated Arabs dreds and often thousands of invitees. In a 14 in the Middle East. SUPPORT

JUDAIC STUDIES COMMITTEE ADVISORY COUNCIL We are grateful to the members of the Advisory Council of the Program in Judaic Studies for their dedication JUDAIC STUDIES COMMITTEE and support. Below is the list of members as of July 1, As of July 1, 2004 2004. Asterisks indicate new members. We tender heartfelt thanks to Paula Hyman of Yale University and James Shapiro of Columbia University, who served as Froma Zeitlin, Director, Program in Judaic Studies, Ewing Professor of Greek Language and Literature, and Professor of members of our Council from December 2001 to Comparative Literature July, 2004.

Leora Batnitzky, Associate Professor of Religion, Robert Alter, University of California, Berkeley Richard Stockton Preceptor Mark Biderman ’67 David Bellos, Professor of French, Comparative Literature Melvin Jules Bukiet, writer, Sarah Lawrence College Joseph Fath, Princeton, NJ Mark Cohen, Professor of Near Eastern Studies Ruth Fath, Princeton, NJ Stanley Corngold, Professor of Germanic Languages and *Talya Fishman, University of Pennsylvania Literatures, Comparative Literature Fanya Gottesfeld-Heller, New York, NY John Gager, William H. Danforth Professor of Religion *Marcella Kanfer Rolnick ’95 Anthony Grafton, Henry Putnam University Professor of History, *Ivan G. Marcus, Yale University Director, Humanities Council *David N. Myers, University of California Los Angeles Debra G. Perelman ’96 Jan T. Gross, Norman B. Tomlinson ’16 and ’48 Professor of War and Society, Professor of History Ronald O. Perelman, New York, NY Mark Podwal, artist, New York, NY Wendy Heller, Associate Professor of Music Emily Rose GS ’01 Daniel Heller-Roazen, Assistant Professor of Comparative Literature Philip Wachs ’78 Ruth Westheimer, New York, NY Martha Himmelfarb, Professor of Religion, Chair Mark Wilf ’84 Stanley Katz, Lecturer with rank of Professor of Public and James Young, University of Massachusetts, Amherst International Affairs; Faculty Chair, Undergraduate Program; Bruce Zuckerman ’69, University of Southern California Director, Center for Arts and Cultural Policy Studies Sidney Lapidus ’59, Sits with Council Ulrich Knoepflmacher, William and Annie S. Paton Foundation Professor of Ancient and Modern Literature, Professor of English Thomas Y. Levin, Associate Professor of Germanic Languages and Literatures Olga Litvak, Assistant Professor of History Deborah Nord, Professor of English, Women & Gender Studies Andrew Plaks, Professor of East Asian Studies, Comparative Literature Theodore Rabb, Professor of History Anson Rabinbach, Professor of History; Director, Program in European Cultural Studies (ECS) Advisory Council members Robert Alter and Mark Wilf with Froma Zeitlin. Esther Robbins, Lecturer in Hebrew, Near Eastern Studies Lawrence Rosen, Professor of Anthropology Peter Schäfer, Ronald O. Perelman Professor of Judaic Studies, Professor of Religion Esther Schor, Professor of English Avrom Udovitch, Khedouri A. Zilkha Professor of Jewish Civilization in the Near East, Professor of Near Eastern Studies

Liz Bailey and Dr. Ruth Westheimer. 15 FACULTY RESEARCH & NEWS 2004

LEORA BATNITZKY, Associate history in the medieval Islamic world German Novel. He has recently published Professor of Religion, has just completed and in the documents from the Cairo “`Wie ein Fallbeil . . .’: Kafka über Kunst a new book on the philosophies of Leo Geniza. His most recent book, Under und Ethik,” in Skepsis und literarische Strauss and Emmanuel Levinas, titled Crescent and Cross: The Jews in the Imagination (Munich: Fink); “Kafka and Strauss and Levinas: Philosophy and the Middle Ages (1994), has appeared in the Dialect of Minor Literature,” in Politics of Revelation. She is also the Turkish and Hebrew translations and Debating World Literature (London: author of Idolatry and Representation: will soon appear in German. He com- Verso); “Kraus and Nietzsche: Frères The Philosophy of Franz Rosenzweig pleted a two-volume project on poverty semblables?” in Nietzsche and Austrian Reconsidered and the editor of the forth- and charity in the Jewish community of Culture (Vienna: Universitataets Verlag); coming Martin Buber: Schriften zur medieval Egypt while a Fellow of the “The Death of the Author: the Case of Philosophie und Religion. Funded by a Wissenschaftskolleg in Berlin in 2002- Paul de Man” in Literary Research/recherche three-year New Directions Fellowship 2003. These books will be published by littéraire and has several articles in press, from the Andrew Mellon Foundation, Princeton University Press in 2005. incl. “Hegel, Schopenhauer, and she is now beginning a new project on While on leave, he lectured in Berlin, Cannibalism” and “Thirteen Ways of the relation between modern legal theory Budapest, and Granada. In 2001-2002 Seeing a Vermin: Metaphor and Chiasm and religious thought. Since 2004 she is he was recipient of a project grant from in Kafka’s Metamorphosis.” His next book the co-editor, with Peter Schäfer, of the the Center for the Study of Religion for projects are Kafka Before the Law, which Jewish Studies Quarterly and currently his research on poverty and charity and will translate Kafka’s legal writings and serves as Director of Graduate Studies in in May 2002 directed a conference comment on their imbrication in his the Department of Religion. This past on “Poverty and Charity: Judaism, poetic work, and a book of linked year she presented papers at Brandeis Christianity, Islam” sponsored by CSR. essays entitled The Will to Art: or, the University, Stanford University, Arizona He has edited the conference proceedings Aesthetic Ideology. State University, as well as at three and they will appear at the end of 2004 different international conferences in as a special issue of the Journal of Germany. In 2003-2004 she published Interdisciplinary History. In the summer articles in Cardozo Law Review, Jewish of 2004 he directed a summer university Studies Quarterly, Yale French Studies, as course on “Jews and Muslims in the FACULTY well as in the edited collections Religion Middle Ages” at the Central European after Metaphysics and Women and University in Budapest with students Gender in Jewish Philosophy. from 16 different home countries, mainly from the former communist bloc. Cohen DAVID BELLOS, Professor of French is a member of the prestigious American Languages and Literatures, was on leave Academy for Jewish Research. in 2002-03. A specialist in literary biog- raphies (Georges Perec; Jacques Tati), he STANLEY CORNGOLD recently is currently writing a study of Romain published a book on Franz Kafka entitled Gary (1914-80), a French novelist, film Lambent Traces (Princeton UP, 2004), Professor John Gager. director, and diplomat of Litvak origin, which treats Kafka as a neo-Gnostic who twice won the Prix Goncourt (once thinker and writer. Norton will bring out JOHN GAGER is the Danforth under the name of Gary – itself a pseu- in 2005 his Selected Stories of Franz Kafka, Professor of Religion. His scholarly donym — and the other under a different which he has newly translated with com- concerns are the religions of the Roman name). Gary has been described as “a mentary. He recently returned from a Empire, especially early Christianity, and romantic and tragic figure, whose fictions year’s leave spent half in residence at the relations between Jews and Christians in extended well beyond his books.” This Institute for Advanced Study and half at the early centuries of the common era. semester Bellos is teaching JDS/FRE367, the Internationales Forschungszentrum He is the author of Moses in Greco-Roman “The Jewish Presence in French Fiction Kulturwissenschaften in Vienna. There he Paganism; Kingdom and Community: and Film since 1945”, where he intro- lectured on “The Great War and Modern The Social World of Early Christianity; duces students to the writing of André German Memory,” which will shortly The Origins of Anti-Semitism; Curse Schwarz-Bart, Elie Wiesel, Albert Memmi appear in the Cambridge Companion to Tablets and Binding Spells from the and Robert Bober, alongside Georges the Literature of the First World War. His Ancient World; and Reinventing Paul. Perec and Romain Gary. essay on “Franz Kafka: The Radical ANTHONY GRAFTON, Henry Modernist” also appeared in the MARK COHEN, Professor of Near Putnam University Professor and currently, Cambridge Companion to the Modern Eastern Studies, specializes in Jewish Chair of the Council on the Humanities,

16 works on European intellectual history. Andrew W. Mellon New Directions His special interests lie in the history of Fellowship. His areas of interest include the classical tradition, chiefly during the Greek and Roman letters; the transmis- Renaissance, in the history of science sion of classical learning to the Arabic and scholarship, and in the history of world and to the Latin West; the vernac- books and readers. Author of Joseph ular literatures of the European Middle Scaliger: A Study in the History of Ages; medieval Arabic, Hebrew and Latin Classical Scholarship, vol. 2: (1993); philosophy; and twentieth-century Commerce with the Classics (1997); The philosophy. He is the author of Footnote: A Curious History (1997): and Fortune’s Faces: The Roman de la Rose Cardano’s Cosmos (1999), his most and the Poetics of Contingency (The recent book is Leon Battista Alberti: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2003) Master Builder of the Italian Renaissance. as well as editor of Giorgio Agamben’s He takes a strong interest in the ways Potentialities: Collected Essays in that Christian thinkers interpreted and Philosophy (Stanford University Press, appropriated Jewish magical practices 1999). He has written articles on classical, and exegetical techniques; in 1999-2000 medieval, and modern literature and he was a member of a research group philosophy published or forthcoming in studying Christian Hebraism at the Diacritics, Littérature, MLN, October, Center for Advanced Judaic Studies of Paragraph, Parallax, Romania, and the University of Pennsylvania, and he South Atlantic Quarterly. His next book, Professor Ulrich C. Knoepflmacher. hopes to join the Center again, in 2005- Echolalias: On the Forgetting of Language, 2006, for a year devoted to the Jewish with fascinating remarks about Hebrew ULRICH C. KNOEPFLMACHER, book. One of his current research projects and Yiddish, is forthcoming from Zone Professor of English and Paton is a study of learned magic in Renaissance Books in March, 2005. Foundation Professor of Ancient and Europe, which includes a close look at Modern Literature, specializes in MARTHA HIMMELFARB, Professor Christian versions of Kabbalah. In fall Romantic and Victorian literature as of Religion and Chair of the Department 2002 he was awarded the internationally well as children’s literature. He recently of Religion, has completed ‘A Kingdom prestigious Balzan Prize (Switzerland), published the Penguin editions of of Priests’: Ancestry and Merit in the in the field of the History of the The Complete Fairy Tales of George Second Temple Period and has begun Humanities. It carries a stipend of MacDonald and Frances Hodgson work on a book about apocalypses for 1,000,000 Swiss Francs. Burnett’s A Little Princess, and is finishing Blackwell’s Brief History series. a memoir called Oruro: Growing Up JAN T. GROSS, the Norman B. STANLEY KATZ, Lecturer with rank Jewish in the Andes about his life as a Tomlinson ’16 and ’48 Professor of War of Professor in Public and International refugee child in South America. Together and Society in the Department of History, Affairs, Faculty Chair of the Woodrow with Professor Claudia Johnson, he author of Neighbors: The Destruction of Wilson School Undergraduate Program, has devised and taught courses on the Jewish Community in Jedwabne, Poland Director of the Princeton University the intersection of Englishness and (2001), is finishing a book manuscript Center for Arts and Cultural Policy Jewishness in British literature, most entitled Fear – Anti-Semitismn in Poland Studies, Acting Director of Law and recently in spring 2002. after Auschwitz: An Essay in Historical Public Affairs, and Past-President of the Interpretation. It will be published THOMAS Y. LEVIN, Associate Center for Jewish Life. Together with next year by Random House. Professor of Germanic Languages and Benny Gidron of Ben-Gurion University, Literatures and Director of Graduate WENDY HELLER, Associate Professor he recently published a book, Mobilizing Studies, teaches courses that range from of Music, was promoted to tenure last For Peace, on the role of nongovernmental the history of aesthetic theory and spring. She is the author of Emblems of organizations in the peace processes in Frankfurt School cultural theory to the Eloquence: Opera and Women’s Voices in Northern Ireland, Israel and South history and theory of media (Weimar Seventeenth-Century Venice. Africa (Oxford University Press, 2002). cinema, rhetoric of new media, archae- In Israel, the research team was led by DANIEL HELLER-ROAZEN, ologies of vision). A former fellow at Tamar Hermann of the Tami Steinmetz Assistant Professor of Comparative the Internationales Forschungszentrum Center for Peace in Tel Aviv. Literature, is on leave from Princeton for Kulturwissenschaften (Vienna) and at the 2004-2005 academic year with an the Institute for Advanced Study (Budapest), Levin has recently published

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a study of the origins of synthetic Imagination. She is currently planning University of Chicago Press. Both books sound in the late 1920’s, and is currently a conference, together with her col- contain discussions of Muslim-Jewish completing a small book on the work league Maria DiBattista, for April 2005 relations in North Africa. He is presently of Guy Debord and the Situationist entitled “Women, Art, and Politics, completing a book entitled Drawn From International. In 2004-05, he is a 1918-50.” Her essay “‘Return from Memory that explores the lives of four Fellow at the Getty Institute. Exile’: Community, Nation, and Gender North Africans, both Muslim and in George Eliot’s Fiction” will appear in Jewish. He also retains an appointment OLGA LITVAK, Assistant Professor of a Looking Forward, Looking Backward: A as an Adjunct Professor of Law at History, has recently finished her first Women’s Studies Reader (forthcoming). Columbia Law School. book, entitled Russia’s First Jewish Prof. Nord serves on the advisory board Soldiers in History and Memory, soon to of the newly created North American be published by Indiana University Press. Victorian Studies Association. She is currently working on a study of THEODORE K. RABB, Professor of the Kishinev pogrom of 1903 as a cultur- History, has written on various aspects al event and the origin of the Jewish of the relationship between Jewish and twentieth century. She is also planning a general history in early modern Europe, book on Jewish artists and the making of and taught a pioneering course on this the Russian imperial image. Litvak serves subject at Princeton with Mark Cohen on the editorial board of YIVO’s forth- and Natalie Davis. He serves on the coming Encyclopedia of Eastern Board of Governors of the Hebrew European Jewish History and Culture, as University of Jerusalem, and is a member the editor of the section devoted to and former chair of the Academic Peter Schäfer and advisee Orly Lieberman. painting and sculpture. This fall, she is Advisory Committee for the Hebrew teaching her survey in modern Jewish University’s Rothberg School for PETER SCHÄFER, the Perelman history as well as a junior seminar on the Overseas Students. Professor of Judaic Studies, returned to relationship between literary and histori- Princeton after a year of leave as a full- ANSON RABINBACH, Professor of cal narrative; in the spring, she will teach time member of the faculty. His recent FACULTY History and Director of the Program in a sophomore seminar in historical book, Mirror of His Beauty: Feminine European Cultural Studies, specializes in methodology as well as a brand new Images of God from the Bible to the Early 20th century European history, with an course in Russian history, entitled “The Kabbalah, was published by Princeton emphasis on German intellectual history. East in the West: Russia, Europe and the University Press (2002, paperback He teaches courses on European culture, Search for Civil Society.” 2004). Together with William Jordan intellectuals, fascism, and the history of (History) and Michael Cook (Near technology. Rabinbach is the author of Eastern Studies), he edits a series for the The Crisis of Austrian Socialism (1983); Press entitled Jews, Christians, and The Human Motor (1990); and In the Moslems from the Ancient to the Modern Shadow of Catastrophe: German World. Ten books have already been Intellectuals Between Apocalypse and published in this series, with more to Enlightenment (1997); and is also the come. Schäfer also edits another series co-editor of New German Critique. Texts and Studies in Ancient Judaism He is currently co-editing The Nazi and the three most recent volumes are Culture Sourcebook (with Sander derived from three conferences spon- Gilman). In Spring 2003 he organized sored by Judaic Studies at Princeton: an international conference at Princeton The Talmud Yerushalmi and Graeco- on the Humanities under Nazi Germany, Roman Culture III (2002); The Bar with publication of the papers expected Kokhba War Reconsidered: New Professor Deborah Nord. next year. Perspectives on the Second Jewish Revolt DEBORAH NORD, Professor of LAWRENCE ROSEN, W. N. Cromwell against Rome (2003), and The Ways that English. Prof. Nord spent the 2003-04 Professor of Anthropology. His book, Never Parted: Jews and Christians in academic year on leave to finish a draft The Justice of Islam, was published by Late Antiquity and the Early Middle of her book, Myths of Origin: Gypsies Oxford in 2000, and The Culture of Ages, Adam H. Becker and Annette and the Nineteenth-Century British Islam, was published in 2002 by the Yoshiko Reed, eds. (2003). In fall 2002,

18 work was started on an ambitious long- (2004) he participated in a Round term collaborative project under his Table discussion on “Confronting the guidance: an edition, translation, and Israeli/Palestinian Conflict in the commentary on Sefer Hasidim, an College Classroom and Campus.” His important pietist text of the medieval She was on leave 2003-04 at the paper was entitled “Israel on Campus: period. Schäfer continues as editor, Institute for Advanced Studies in A Town vs. Gown Affair.” along with Leora Batnitzky (Religion), Princeton, but continued to direct the JENNA WEISSMAN JOSELIT, noted of the Jewish Studies Quarterly, with Program (with help from the committee). historian, author, lecturer, and curator, offices now transferred to Princeton. In addition to her recent publications specializes in the study of material culture ESTHER SCHOR, Professor of in Classics, her essay entitled “New and its relationship to daily life. As a English, is working on a biography of Soundings in Holocaust Literature: A Visiting Professor, she regularly teaches Emma Lazarus for Schocken’s Jewish Surfeit of Memory,” appeared in a courses at Princeton in such varied pro- Lives series. Most recently, she has pub- collective volume, Catastrophe and grams as Freshman Seminars, American lished a volume of poems, The Hills of Meaning, eds. Moishe Postone and Eric Studies and, most particularly, Judaic Holland, published by Archer Books Santner (University of Chicago Press Studies in collaboration with the (www.archer-books.com) and edited the 2003). In April 2004 she participated Department of History. She has offered Cambridge Companion to Mary Shelley. in a conference at Dartmouth College, seminars on “The Making of Americans: Her teaching for the Program includes “Contested Identities of the Holocaust,” Material Culture and the Immigrant “The Bible as Literature,” “Introduction at which she gave a paper entitled, “the Experience,” “The Exhibition in to Jewish Studies,” and a new course Places Where They Walked: Journeying to Modern and Postmodern Culture,” slated for the near future on Yiddish a Vanished World,” on the phenomenon “Getting Dressed” and on different Literature and Culture. of travel pilgrimages to Eastern Europe. aspects of modern Jewish history, In June 2004, she attended a conference including “Modern Jewish History and ABRAHAM L. UDOVITCH, in Leiden, the Netherlands, on “The the Urban Experience.” In spring 2003, Khedouri A. Zilkha Professor of Jewish Generation After and Literature of the Joselit introduced a new course, Civilization in the Near East, Department Holocaust,” where she gave a paper, “Culture Mavens: American Jews and of Near Eastern Studies. He is co-editor “Imaginary Tales in the Land of the the Performing Arts,” that has been of the journal, Studia Islamica and a Perpetrators,” which treated three recent offered three times in as many years. In member of the Executive Committee of works of fiction by authors in the US, fall 2004, Joselit taught another new the Encyclopaedia of Islam. He is also on Germany, and Britain, respectively. She seminar, “Prejudice on Trial: Antisemitism, the World Executive Committee of the also contributed an essay, “Teaching the the Courts, and the Law,” which drew International Center for Peace in the Perpetrators,” to an MLA volume, a wide range of students from those Middle East. He is a member of the Teaching the Holocaust (2005). majoring in the sciences to those in the Board of Overseers of Koc University in humanities. Outside the classroom, Istanbul. His current research centers on Weissman Joselit has been heavily a study of the social and economic life of involved in the nation-wide effort to the 11th century Mediterranean world ADJUNCT FACULTY mark the 350th anniversary celebration based on a collection of about 500 of Jewish settlement in the United Geniza documents relating to the career JAMES S. DIAMOND, Lecturer in States. It has taken her from Omaha, of a merchant by the name of Nahray the Departments of Religion, Near Nebraska, where she delivered the ben Nissim. He is also working on a Eastern Studies, and Comparative keynote address at a Creighton short monograph on rural society in Literature, regularly offers courses for University conference on popular culture 11th century Egypt as reflected in the the Program. In 2003-04, he taught to the Library of Congress where she Geniza documents. His other projects “Masterworks of Hebrew Literature in not only delivered a public lecture on include one on intercommunal relations Translation,” and “A Literary Tour of American Jewish history but also con- in the medieval Near East and another in the Middle East: Arab and Israeli Short sulted on the Library of Congress’s the field of Islamic law. Stories.” In fall 2004 he taught a exhibition, “From Haven to Home.” A FROMA ZEITLIN, Director of the Freshman Seminar on the topic “The frequent contributor to both The New Program in Judaic Studies is the Charles Problem of Suffering,” and will teach Republic and TNR Online, as well as a Ewing Professor of Greek Language and JDS 201 “Introduction to Judaism: longtime columnist for the Forward, Literature (in the Classics Department) Religion, History, Ethics” in the spring. Joselit is currently working on a new and Professor of Comparative Literature. At the Annual Conference of the book about America’s relationship to Association for Jewish Studies in Chicago the Ten Commandments.

(Faculty continued next page) 19 (Faculty continued from page 19) DIRECTOR’S M (continued from page 1)

VISITORS 2003-2004

EDNA AIZENBERG, A world-renowned Borges scholar, Prof. Aizenberg has been an activist for human rights in Latin America and an advocate for multiculturalism in Latin American Studies. She is Professor and Chair of Hispanic Studies at Marymount Manhattan College and Adjunct Professor of Jewish Literature at the Jewish Theological Seminary of America. She taught “From Pale to Pampas: Jews and Judaism in Latin American Literature,”

(Comparative Literature). Froma Zeitlin, Uli Knoepflmacher, and Jim Diamond hanging the new mezuzzah. DAN RABINOWITZ, an anthropologist, is Senior Lecturer at the Department of Sociology and Anthropology at Tel-Aviv University. His academic research areas include The Palestinian “Jews, Christians, and Moslems in the Middle citizens of Israel, Nationalism, Ethnicity; social aspects of envi- Ages,” offered by Mark Cohen (NES). Leora ronmental issues and demographic projections in ethnically Batnitzky, our specialist in modern Judaism, divided states and regions. A regular contributor to the op-ed looks at existentialist philosophy across page of Haaretz, he is a leading commentator on politics, envi- Jewish and Christian lines to include Soren ronmental issues and society in Israel and the Middle East. He Kierkegaard, Martin Buber, Martin Heidegger, was President of the Israeli Anthropological Association 1998 - Jean-Paul Sartre, and Emmanuel Levinas in the 2001, and is a Founding Member of PALISAD — a group of mix. Likewise, she uses a comparative approach Palestinian and Israeli academics involved in on-going in the field of religion and law. In the literary exchange and intellectual debate since 1998. He taught sphere, we experimented with a course on “Minorities in Contemporary Israel and the Middle East,” Latin-American writers, “From Pale to Pampa: (Near Eastern Studies). Jews and Judaism in Latin American Literature,” and another on “Arab and Israeli Short Stories.” FACULTY BURTON VISOTSKY holds the Nathan and Janet Appleman We will continue to encourage such combinations Chair in Midrash and Interreligious Studies at the Jewish and are hoping to introduce a team-taught semi- Theological Seminary. He has served as the Associate and nar on Black-Jewish relations in the near future. Acting Dean of the Graduate School (1991–96), as the founding Rabbi of the egalitarian worship service of the Seminary As we add up the ledger of losses and gains Synagogue and as the director of the Louis Finkelstein among our faculty, we bid a sad farewell to our Institute for Religious and Social Studies at JTS. Professor two “Barbaras” at the close of spring 2004. In Visotzky has been a visiting scholar at Oxford University and a the first instance, Barbara Hahn of the German visiting fellow and life member of Clare Hall, University of department left to divide her time between Cambridge as well as a visiting faculty member at Princeton Vanderbilt University and Berlin, and Barbara Theological Seminary, Hebrew Union College and at the Mann in the Near Eastern Studies department Russian State University of the Humanities. Dr. Visotzky also departed for the Jewish Theological Seminary. is Adjunct Professor of Biblical Studies at Union Theological In both instances, we hope for speedy replace- Seminary, New York. He taught JDS 201, “Introduction to ments – German-Jewish Studies in the case of Judaism: Religion, History, Ethics.” Hahn, and modern Hebrew literature or perhaps Israel Studies, more generally, in the case of YISRAEL JACOB YUVAL, a scholar of medieval Jewish- Mann. On the other hand, we welcome Jan Christian relations at Hebrew University in Jerusalem, writes T. Gross, the new Norman B. Tomlinson ’16 about the continuous interchange between Judaism and and ’48 Professor of War and Society, to the Christianity. He is the author of Scholars in Their Time: The Department of History. I introduced him on Religious Leadership of German Jewry in the Late Middle Ages this page last year, noting his specialization in (1989) and Two Nations in Your Womb: Perceptions of Jews and the history of Eastern Europe. In spring 2005, Christians (2000). Yuval was a Stewart Fellow for the Council for example, he will teach “Holocaust of the Humanities in Religion in the spring and team taught a Controversies: Historiography and Politics,” course “Christianity and the Rabbis in Late Antiquity” with with Anson Rabinbach, and another, more Peter Schäfer. general course, “Between Resistance and Collaboration: The Experience of the Second World War in Europe.” In addition to Gross, 20 MESSAGE

we welcome two other faculty members to our committee. Wendy Heller, now an associate professor in the Department of Music, is a specialist primarily in baroque opera, but she has other talents and interests as well. A practicing cantor for over 15 years, she has an abiding interest in Jewish music, from its begin- nings. She has already given a freshman seminar on liturgical music in the Judaeo-Christian tradition, and we are looking forward to a course on “Jewish Music from the Bible to Klezmer” in the near future. Second is Daniel Heller- Roazen, Department of Comparative Literature, who ranges widely over medieval literature and culture, with a strong interest in Hebrew and Arabic, in In 2003-04, she was a Fellow at the munity in North America, although addition to a host of other languages Center for Advanced Judaic Studies at individual Jews had been there possibly and interests. One of the great virtues of the University of Pennsylvania. In addition as early as the Spanish conquistadors in Princeton as an institution is the cooper- to her research, she will be teaching five the west. ative spirit among faculty and between courses of interest to JDS over the next 100: 2004 is the centennial year of the departments and programs. As we con- three years. master storyteller Isaac Bashevis Singer, who in 1978 became the seventh tinue to build upon our previous successes GENERAL REFLECTIONS. and have become known in the university Memory and commemoration are American to be awarded the Nobel Prize at large for our excellent teaching and concepts that are deeply embedded in for Literature and the first author in general, who wrote in Yiddish. A prolific collegiality, we note that our enrollments Jewish thought and culture. 2004 was writer of novels, short stories, and auto- for fall 2004 have nearly doubled in size. an especially rich year in anniversaries, which I would like to mention here for biographies, Singer came to the United For all our successes, as we grow, we the record – in the fields of philosophy, States in 1935 and dazzled and often still have a way to go. We are hoping to history, and literature. scandalized readers with the earthy maintain (and increase) our offerings in richness of his imagination. 800: 2004 marks the 800th anniversary American Jewish Studies, and to gain a of the death of the renowned medieval stronger foothold in the social sciences, Jewish philosopher, legal scholar and See the next issue of our Newsletter for But topping the list of fundraising efforts Jewish leader, Moses ben Maimon or JDS contributions to the nation-wide is an endowed chair in Hebrew Bible, Maimonides (1138-1204). Maimonides celebrations. which is essential to any Judaic Studies was the most original and influential Program as the gateway to any serious Jewish thinker in pre-modern times. In study of Jewish culture and religion. addition to producing a centrally impor- Second is a visiting professorship, which tant corpus of legal and philosophical would permit us to bring important writings that shaped Jewish thinking and practice in many regions of the world scholars and teachers to the campus on a over the centuries, his Guide to the rotating basis, with fields of study open, Perplexed entered Western history and third, is an endowed post-doctoral through St. Thomas Aquinas who quoted fellowship specifically earmarked for Maimonides in Latin translation. Judaic Studies. We take pleasure, however, Though born in Cordoba, Spain, he in the appointment of Andrea Schatz lived most of his life in Egypt where he as a general member of the Princeton served as physician to the Jewish com- Society of Fellows for a three-year term munity and to the Moslem court. (2004-2007). Schatz, a young German 350. 2004 marks 350 years of Jewish scholar, works on early modern and life in America. 1654-2004. This The design of our logo represents the tradi- modern Jewish culture, focusing on reckoning takes as its starting point tional Jewish symbol of the seven-branched social and cultural transformations that the arrival of Jewish refugees in New Menorah, flanked by Princeton tigers. The produced new forms of knowledge and Amsterdam, who were fleeing persecution Hebrew words, “strong as a tiger,” heads led to reinterpretations of Jewish history in Recife, Brazil. The 23 Recife Jews the list of attributes in a famous line from and reconceptualizations of the diaspora. were to become the first Jewish com- Pirkei Avot (Sayings of Our Fathers), 5.23. 21 EVENTS

LECTURES AND EVENTS Amos Oz Michael Chabon 2003-2004

The Program in Judaic Studies has become widely known Rabinowitz, Tel Aviv University and visiting professor, for the variety of events we sponsor or co-sponsor, Princeton, “Better Management or Deep Change? Ethnic whether lectures, film series, symposia and panel discus- Relations in Israel After the Orr Commission Report” and “Between Morality and Pragmatism: The Palestinian sions. 2003-04 was no exception. It is noteworthy that Refugees and Peace in the Middle East”; and Amos Oz, we began and closed the academic year with appearances Ben Gurion University, “Israel: Peace and War” on the by two noted Jewish authors. Amos Oz gave a passionate Geneva Accord. The year ended with a panel discussion lecture on “Israel: Peace and War,” and Michael on “The Future of Zionism: Three Perspectives.” Chabon, author of the Pulitzer Prize- winning novel, Featuring Michael Walzer, Bradley Hirschfeld, and The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier and Clay, attracted Ze’eva Cohen, with James Diamond, moderator. a rapturous crowd for “Golems and Charlotte Russes.” Colloquium: On Sunday, February 29, our own FILMS: Spanning the entire year was an Israeli film Perelman Professor of Judaic Studies, Peter Schäfer series, coordinated by Hebrew lecturer Esther Robbins, spearheaded the fascinating colloquium “Sefer Hasidim featuring “The Smile of the Lamb,” “My Michael,” and Jewish-Christian Relations in the Middle Ages.” “Keep on Dancing,” “ROAD 181: Fragments of A He was joined by Israel Yuval of Hebrew University, Journey in Palestine-Israel,” “Channels of Rage,” “Aviv,” Haym Soloveitchik of Yeshiva University, and Talya “Laisse Moi Taimer,” “Giraffes,” and “A Warrior of Peace.” In several instances, the director of the film or a Fishman of the University of Pennsylvania, all of whom feature actor was present at the screening for discussion. delivered presentations on the topic ranging from “The Midrash, Sefer Hasidim, and the Changing Faces of ISRAELI CULTURAL SERIES: An Israeli-Arab God” to “Jews and Christians in Sefer Hasidim.” Cultural Series, the Sallam-Shalom! Series, also coordi- William Jordan of Princeton was the respondent. nated by Robbins was an ongoing project throughout the year. It proved a great success. The programs included a SPRING 2004 LECTURES: Our spring schedule talk by Dr. Miriam Yahil-Wax, entitled “The Muse of of lectures was so full that we often had two or three EVENTS Censorship Jewish Arab Theatre in Israel,” a classical speakers in one week. February and March welcomed music performance by Inbal Megiddo, cellist born in Shaul Shaked, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, “The Jerusalem, and Saleem Abboud-Ashkar, pianist born in Rabbi and His Neighbors: Magic Bowls from Sassanian Nazareth, and a presentation by The Sultana Ensemble: Babylonia and Their Jewish Setting”; David Berger, An Israeli Moroccan Musical Experience. Brooklyn College and the CUNY Graduate Center, “Jewish Messiahs: Failures & Hope”; Gideon Libson, FALL 2003: A busy roster of lectures in the fall, each Hebrew University, “Jewish Law and Islamic Law to the co-sponsored with different departments, covered a range Time of Maimonides”; Samuel Gruber, Research of topics, including music, architecture, history, and the Director of the U.S. Commission for the Preservation current Middle East. Jeffrey Summit, Tufts University, of America’s Heritage Abroad and President of the offered two lectures: “Melody as Code: Music and International Survey of Jewish Monuments, “Arise and Identity in Contemporary Jewish Worship” and Build: The Art and Architecture of American “Abayudaya: The Music and Culture of the Jews of Synagogues”; Philip Alexander, University Manchester, Uganda.” Noam Zohar, Bar Ilan University, presented “Targum Lamentations and the Tradition of ‘Mourning “From Archaeology to Architecture: Renovating our for Zion’ in Judaism and Late Antiquity”; Caroline Model for the Study of Rabbinic Redaction,”; Three speak- Bynum, Institute for Advanced Study, “The Presence of ers each discussed a different Jewish community world- Objects: Medieval Anti-Judaism in Modern Germany”; wide: Cormac O Grada, Davis Center Fellow from Albert Baumgarten, Bar Ilan University, “Prophecy University College Dublin, spoke on “Jewish Ireland, Power: The Pharisees of Ant. 17.41-45”; Adam Gaelic Golus: Towards an Economic and Demographic Sutcliffe, University of Illinois/Institute for Advanced History c. 1870-1939” and “The Economic Demography Study, “The Enlightenment, Judaism, and the Paradoxes of of Jewish Dublin: Culture, Class, and Social Networks,” Toleration”; Dominique Frischer, author, “Baron de Minna Rozen, Visiting Ertegun Professor, Princeton, Hirsch (1831-1896) and the Resettlement of European lectured on “The Last Ottoman Century and Beyond: Jews in the New World”; Andrei S. Markovits, University The Jews in Turkey and the Balkans 1808-1945, and of Michigan, “Anti-Americanism and Anti-Semitism: A Edna Aizenberg, Marymount Manhattan College, dis- Steady Tandem in West European Public Discourse”; cussed “Argentine Space, Jewish Memory: Memorials to Noam Zohar, Bar Ilan University, “How to Think about the Blown Apart and Disappeared in Buenos Aires. Tiny Embryos: Exploring a Jewish Approach to Stem-cell Finally, we heard Michael Walzer, Institute for Advanced Research”; Yoav Peled, Tel Aviv University, “From Oslo Study, “The Four Wars of Israel-Palestine”; Dan to the Hague: The Derailment of the Israeli-Palestinian

22 Tony Kushner

Peace Process and Its Consequences”; and visiting pro- HIGHLIGHTS OF FALL 2004 fessor Minna Rozen, University of Tel Aviv, “Memory and History: The Last Chief Rabbi of Thessaloniki.” Our NOVEMBER 4 additional speakers in April were: Tessa Rajak, University Tony Kushner, “An Evening With Tony Kushner” The of Reading, UK/Institute for Advanced Study, “Whose Septuagint?: Recovering the Greek Bible”; Ian Balfour, Biderman Lecture featuring McCarter Theater Artistic York University, UK, “On the Judaic and the Sublime”; Director Emily Mann. and Kenneth Gross, University of Rochester and visiting professor, Princeton, “The Presence of Shylock.” Finally, NOVEMBER 11 on March 23, there was a panel discussion between Murray Friedman of Temple University and Henry Ernst van Alphen, UC Berkeley & University of Leiden, Louis Gates, Jr., of Harvard University on “The “Visual Archives and the Holocaust.” Relationship Between African-Americans and Jews.” NOVEMBER 22 Renata Stih, artist (Prof. University of Applied Sciences, Berlin) In April, we hosted three named lectures. and Frieder Schnock, artist and art historian (Ph.D., lecturer BIDERMAN LECTURE (April 14): David Engel, TFH, Berlin), “Public Space and Memory,” Visual Presentation the Maurice R. and Corinne P. Greenberg Professor of of “Places of Remembrance: Memorial in Berlin- Holocaust Studies, Professor of Hebrew and Judaic Schoenberg,” “Bus Stop,” and lecture. Studies, and Professor of History presented the 6th Annual Biderman Lecture. An expert in modern Jewish political history, the history of the Jews in Eastern Europe, and the DECEMBER 7 Holocaust, he is the author of numerous books and essays. Deborah Lipstadt, Emory University “American Jewish His memorable lecture, entitled “Moral Judgment & Responses to Antisemitism: From Complacency to Hysteria,” Holocaust History: Jewish-Nazi Collaboration on Trial,” The Faber Lecture. discussed the aftereffects of two case histories: Michal Weichert (Krakow) and Caleb Perechodnik (Otwock) to demonstrate changing attitudes on this painful subject.

MYTELKA LECTURE (April 22): Hana Wirth- Nesher of Tel Aviv University presented the 3rd Annual Jeannette Krieger and Herman D. Mytelka Memorial Lecture on Jewish Civilization. She fascinated her audi- ence with the topic “The Accented Imagination: Speaking and Writing Jewish America.” The lecture drew upon her just completed book, Call It English: The Languages of Jewish American Writing. Wirth-Nesher is the Haber Professor for the Jewish Experience in the United States at Tel Aviv University and in spring 2004 was a visiting Starr Fellow at Harvard University. A specialist in Jewish literature (e.g., Henry Roth, Sholem Aleichem, I. B. Singer, and Abraham Cahan), she co-edited the Cambridge Companion to Jewish American Literature (2003).

DRUCKER LECTURE (April 28): Michael Chabon, author of The Mysteries of Pittsburgh (1988) and Wonder Boys (1995), won the Pulitzer Prize for his third novel, The Amazing Adventures of Kavalier & Clay (2000). The title of his talk for the Carolyn L. Drucker ’80 Memorial Lecture was “Golems and Charlotte Russes,” in which he read from his latest unpublished work to an enthralled capacity audience in Dodds Auditorium.

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PROGRAMS SPRING 2005

The following are some of the events scheduled for the spring semester. Watch your mail and email for FOR FURTHER INFORMATION all of the details: If you need further information please contact the Ra’anan Boustan, University of Minnesota Program Manager: Adrienne Cooper, Yiddish chanteuse Marcie Citron Program in Judaic Studies Nicholas de Lange, University of Cambridge Princeton University Susan Einbinder, Hebrew Union College Scheide Caldwell House Princeton, NJ 08544 Isaiah Gafni, Hebrew University of Jerusalem (609) 258-0394 Walter Laqueur, The Drucker Lecture e-mail: [email protected]

EVENTS Daniel Lasker, Ben Gurion University Program Director: Daniel Mendelsohn, author Professor Froma I. Zeitlin e-mail: [email protected] Paul Mendes-Flohr, University of Chicago Web Site Anita Shapira, Tel Aviv University www.princeton.edu/~judaic/

Program in Judaic Studies Princeton University 58 Prospect Avenue Princeton, NJ 08544