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The Science of Weed Resistance of Weed Resistance Science The — ACCase Inhibitors — Inhibitors ALS — Synthetic Inhibitors — Synthetase Glutamine DevelopmentDevelopment of of Weed Weed Resistance Resistance of Weed Resistance Science The CropScience Features EPSP Synthase Inhibitors () — (Glyphosate) Inhibitors Synthase EPSP — HPPD Inhibitors Integrated Weed Management PS II Inhibitors — Inhibitors PS II — PPO Inhibitors — Inhibitors Mitosis Group 2 Group Group 14 Group Groups 5, 6, 7 6, 5, Groups Group 27 Group Group 15 Group Group 1 Group Group 4 Group Group 10 Group Group 9 Group

Herbicide Resistance Management Guide — Inhibitors Biosynthesis An educational guide to help maintain herbicide use diversity. Group 29 Group DevelopmentDevelopment of of Weed Weed Resistance Resistance Growing a Healthier World Evolution of Weed Resistance

At Bayer CropScience, we are dedicated to uncovering the most sustainable solutions and The use of herbicides in modern agricultural production systems has allowed best practices for today’s global challenges. This has never been more important than it is growers to more effectively and efficiently control weeds, improve crop yields and now with the increase in the number of herbicide-resistant weeds. increase profitability. Additionally, the adoption of herbicide-tolerant traits has Just like growers, we take weed management very seriously. Bayer CropScience allowed growers to apply herbicides over the top of crops, often with less tillage, works diligently with agronomists and university experts to study the science of weed fuel and labor. However, the evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds is an unfortunate management. As a leading provider of herbicide-tolerant trait platforms and crop side effect from the overuse of a single herbicide or mode of action (MOA).* protection products, it is our obligation to ensure growers have access to robust weed The occurrence of herbicide-resistant weeds worldwide is tracked on management programs that can carry their farms into the future. www.WeedScience.org and is sponsored by the Herbicide Resistance Action But our responsibility goes beyond introducing new technologies. It includes giving Committee (HRAC), an organization comprised of several pesticide manufacturers growers effective weed management resources like this Herbicide Resistance and the Weed Science Society of America (WSSA). Management Guide and our dedication to weed management, including the adoption of Cases of herbicide resistance are becoming increasingly common. Weeds have Integrated Weed Management (IWM) best practices and herbicide diversity through the evolved resistance to 21 of the 25 known sites of action** and to 148 different rotation of crops, traits and modes of action. herbicides. Herbicide-resistant weeds have been reported in 66 crops in 61 By working together to preserve herbicide diversity and reduce herbicide-resistant weeds, countries. There are currently 403 unique cases (species X site of action) of all of us are protecting the planet and its resources, preserving ’s future for herbicide-resistant weeds globally, with 218 species (129 dicots and 89 monocots). generations to come and providing healthier, more plentiful food for the world, one harvest WeedScience.org reported a total of 145 herbicide-resistant weeds in the United at a time. States (October 17, 2013). In the mid-1990s, there was a rapid increase in the number of reported weed biotypes resistant to ALS inhibitors, ACCase inhibitors and synthetic auxin Figure 1. The chronological increase in the global number of herbicide- inhibitors. And the advent of glyphosate-tolerant technology in the same period resistant weeds for several herbicide sites of action (2013). set the timer on resistance evolution for glycines/glyphosate (Figure 1). 140 In the United States, some of the most widespread and increasingly important herbicide 130 resistance problems in corn, cotton, and small grains, as well as tree fruit, nut 120 and vine crops (TFNV), are associated with the following herbicide groups: ACCase inhibitors ALS inhibitors Photosystem II inhibitors (triazines) EPSP synthase inhibitors (glyphosate) Several herbicide MOAs have recently gained broad acceptance in the marketplace, including: PPO inhibitors HPPD inhibitors Glutamine synthetase inhibitors () If not managed correctly, these newer herbicide MOAs could also lose their effectiveness. To effectively manage the development of weed resistance, it is important to understand how herbicide resistance develops.

2013 *Mode of action describes how the herbicide controls the susceptible Modified source: Heap, I. (www.WeedScience.org) plant. It involves absorption into the plant, translocation or movement in the plant, metabolism of the herbicide and the physiological response of the plant. **Site of action refers to the specific biochemical site or process that is affected by the herbicide. Site of action is a more precise description of the herbicide’s activity.

return to cover The Science of Weed Resistance of Weed Resistance Science The The Science of Weed Resistance of Weed Resistance Science The The Science of Weed Resistance What occurs within a resistant weed biotype that allows it to survive a herbicide application? How do herbicides kill weeds? Some weeds naturally develop one or more mechanisms that allow them to survive a herbicide Herbicides enter the plant at lethal dosages and interfere with crucial processes treatment. This generally occurs at a very low frequency in a population. The resistance necessary for the plant to survive. The active ingredient often binds to a particular target mechanism is oftentimes controlled by a single gene. The two most common resistance site(s) within the plant, usually an enzyme or protein(s) essential to plant growth and mechanisms present within a weed population are: development, creating a cascade of consequences that eventually lead to plant death. Target-site resistance A few herbicides can act at multiple target sites. _ The herbicide reaches the target site at a normally lethal dose, but modification or amplification of the target site gene(s)/enzyme(s) limits herbicide binding, and What is resistance and how does it originate? thus its impact. Resistance is a naturally occurring, inherited ability of some weed biotypes to survive a Nontarget-site resistance herbicide treatment that should, under normal use conditions, effectively control a weed _ population. Natural selection is the most common theory for the initial evolution of weed This occurs when any mechanism minimizes the amount of active herbicide resistance within a weed population. reaching the target site (e.g., reduced uptake, reduced translocation, enhanced metabolism, sequestration, etc.). How do resistant weed biotypes increase in number? Herbicides acting at a single target site are more likely to develop resistance than those When a herbicide is applied to a sensitive population, most of the weeds in the population that act at multiple sites. This occurs because alterations at a single target site are more die as a result of the herbicide application. However, sometimes the initially rare resistant likely, as compared to mutations simultaneously at several target sites. weed biotypes can survive, mature and produce seed. With repeated use of the same herbicide or family of related herbicides, or lack of diversity in the herbicide management Can weeds be resistant to more than one herbicide or herbicide family? program, the resistant weeds may eventually be “selected” from the population and Resistance can develop to more than one herbicide, herbicide family or MOA. dominate (Figure 2). Generally, the more effective the herbicide, the greater the selection Two terms commonly used to describe these forms of resistance include: pressure and the greater the probability that only resistant weeds will survive. Cross-resistance _ Figure 2. Selection of resistant weed biotypes with repeated applications of the Weeds are resistant to two or more herbicides with the same MOA by way of a same herbicide or same mode of action herbicides. single resistance mechanism (e.g., Weed A is resistant to both herbicides 1 and 2, each of which affects the same target site of the weed.). Multiple resistance _ Weeds are resistant to two or more herbicides with differing MOAs because they possess two or more different resistance mechanisms (e.g., Weed A is resistant to herbicides 1 and 2, each of which affects different target sites in the weed.). The difficulty of controlling weeds with various forms of resistance can be ranked as follows (least difficult to most difficult): 1. Resistance (one herbicide) 2. Cross-resistance 3. Multiple resistance

Modified source: J.L. Gunsolus. Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. 1998 North Central Region Extension Publication 468. return to cover The Science of Weed Resistance Respect the Rotation™ Integrated Weed Management

™ What actions increase the selection for herbicide resistance? Respect the Rotation is a weed management and stewardship program under the Bayer CropScience Weed Weed management practices that can lead to increased selection intensity on weeds include: Management Initiative that elevates the importance and grower adoption of herbicide diversity through the rotation of crops, Using reduced rates of herbicides. traits and MOAs. Applying herbicides at inappropriate or delayed timing. Rotate crops. Crop rotation diversifies weed management. Applying a herbicide(s) with the same MOA multiple times during a growing season without tankmixing with other modes of action or applying herbicides with long residual activity, thereby Rotate herbicide-tolerant traits. Alternate herbicide-tolerant (HT) traits and/or use maintaining high selection pressure. HT trait stacks for more efficient rotation. Using one or multiple herbicides that act on a single site of action. Rotate herbicide modes of action. Use tankmix partners and multiple MOAs during both the Using the same herbicide without tankmixing any additional modes of action for several growing season and from year to year to reduce the selection pressure of a single MOA. consecutive growing seasons. The following Integrated Weed Management techniques are effective in reducing problems Using herbicides as the only weed control option. with herbicide-tolerant and/or herbicide-resistant weed biotypes. It is best to use multiple Rotation of crops, herbicide-tolerant traits and herbicide MOAs, as well as the inclusion of practices to manage or delay resistance, as no single strategy is likely to be totally effective. mechanical and cultural control methods where possible, can play important roles in delaying the evolution of resistance or managing existing resistant weed populations. 1. Know your weeds, know your fields. Closely monitor problematic areas with difficult-to-control weeds or dense weed populations. Indicators of potential weed resistance* are: 2. Start with clean fields. Effective tillage or the use of a burndown herbicide A patch of weeds occurs in the same area year after year and program can control emerged weeds prior to planting. is spreading. 3. Stay clean—use residual herbicides. Regardless of tillage system, a pre-emergence or Dead weeds appear next to surviving weeds after the same early postemergence soil-applied residual herbicide should be used. herbicide application. 4. Apply herbicides correctly. Ensure proper application, including correct timing, full-use Many weed species are managed, but one particular weed species rates and appropriate spray volumes. is no longer controlled.

* These indicators are not definitive proof of resistance and are merely intended to act as a guide. 5. Control weed escapes. Consider spot herbicide applications, row wicking, cultivation, hand removal of weeds or other techniques to stop weed seed production and improve weed management. What should you do if you suspect you have herbicide-resistant weeds? 6. Zero Tolerance—reduce the weed seed bank. Do not allow surviving weeds to set seed, Contact your local state Extension service, state weed specialist or local Bayer CropScience which will help decrease weed populations from year to year and prevent major weed shifts. representative to have weed seeds collected and evaluated for potential resistance. 7. Clean equipment. Prevent the spread of herbicide-resistant weeds and seeds. What management practices delay the onset or control the spread of resistant weeds? What is herbicide classification by mode of action? The best way to manage herbicide resistance and prevent the development of resistant weeds One simple way to delay or manage weed resistance is to use herbicides or herbicide is to implement a diverse weed management program. The use of IWM strategies will help delay tankmixes with differing MOAs in season and from year to year. Both the WSSA and HRAC resistance and limit the selection pressure on weeds present in your fields. Growers who do employ easy-to-use herbicide classification systems by mode of action, using numbers and not use IWM strategies risk resistant weeds and unnecessary herbicide costs. For example, a letters, respectively. grower with a field full of glyphosate-resistant weeds should not tankmix glyphosate with another herbicide MOA, as the glyphosate will be ineffective against the resistant weeds. The WSSA groups products with similar MOAs together by an assigned Group Number from 1 to 29. The group number easily identifies products with differing sites of action. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requests registrants voluntarily add a group number to the label showing the MOAs of the herbicide or herbicide premixes. A condensed version of the classification document is located at the back of this brochure. Alternatively, HRAC references herbicide classes by letter, as does the International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds (www.WeedScience.org), the reporting body for confirmed resistant weeds. On the following pages, we include both classifications for your reference. return to cover ACCase Inhibitors — ACCase Inhibitors

ACCase Inhibitors Group 1 Common Group 1 Bayer CropScience Herbicides HRAC Group A ACCase-Inhibitor Herbicides for Management of ACCase- Use of Group 1 herbicides is most common Resistant Weeds in small grains and production systems and to a much lesser extent in corn, What is a Group 1 herbicide? cotton, and tree fruit, nut and vine (TFNV). Corn: Inhibitor of acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) enzyme. Balance® Flexx (Group 27) Inhibition prevents the production of fatty acids and lipid synthesis, Corn: Capreno® (Groups 2, 27)

leading to rapid cessation of plant growth at the growing point. 1 Group Poast®† Corvus® (Groups 2, 27) Susceptible grasses generally die in 10 days to two weeks. Liberty® (Group 10) Consists of products from three chemical families: aryloxyphenoxy- Cotton: Laudis® (Group 27) propionate (FOPs), cyclohexanedione (DIMs) and phenylpyrazole (DENs). VLU How do weeds evolve resistance to Group 1 herbicides? Soybeans: Cotton: Liberty (Group 10) Involves both target-site and nontarget-site resistance mechanisms. Assure® II Resistance is due to an altered ACCase binding site or enhanced Fusilade® DX Soybeans: metabolism of the herbicide. Fusion® (P) Liberty (Group 10) How many weeds have developed resistance to Group 1 herbicides? Select® Small Grains: Globally: 43 weed species confirmed Select Max® Axiom® (Groups 5, 15) U.S.: 15 weed species confirmed Small Grains: Huskie® Complete (Groups 2, 6, 27) Axial® XL Olympus® (Group 2) Confirmed Group 1 Axial Star (P)* Osprey® (Group 2) Resistant Weed Species in the U.S.* Axial TBC Rimfire® Max (Group 2) • Barnyardgrass • Foxtail, robust white Discover® NG Tree Fruits, Nuts and Vine Crops: • Brome, downy • Itchgrass Foxfire® (P) Alion® (Group 29) • Canarygrass, littleseed • Johnsongrass Wolverine® (P)* Rely® 280 (Group 10) • Crabgrass, large • Oat, wild Tree Fruits, Nuts and Vine Crops: • Crabgrass, smooth • Ryegrass, Italian Poast Please refer to product labels for additional • Darnel, Persian • Sprangletop, Amazon information on weeds controlled, application timings, precautions, restrictions and other • Foxtail, giant • Watergrass, late (P) = Premix product important use information. • Foxtail, robust purple (P)* = Premix product containing at least one non-ACCase chemistry *Heap, I. The International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Available at www.WeedScience.org. October 8, 2013. VLU = Very little use † = Herbicide-tolerant corn resistant to

return to cover ALS Inhibitors — Inhibitors ALS Common Group 2 Bayer CropScience Herbicides for ALS Inhibitors Group 2 ALS-Inhibitor Herbicides Management of ALS-Resistant Weeds HRAC Group B Use of Group 2 herbicides is most common in small grains, corn and soybean production systems, and to Corn: a much lesser extent in cotton and TFNV. Balance Flexx (Group 27) What is a Group 2 herbicide? Corn: Soybeans: Buctril® (Group 6) Accent® Authority® First (P)* Capreno (Groups 2, 27)

Inhibitor of (ALS or AHAS) enzyme. 2 Group Accent Gold® (P)* Autumn Super Corvus (Groups 2, 27) Inhibition leads to depletion of key branched-chain amino acids ™ ® Liberty (Group 10) necessary for protein synthesis and plant growth. Autumn Super Canopy (P)* Basis® Canopy EX (P)* Laudis (Group 27) Susceptible weeds may take several weeks to die. Basis Gold (P)* Classic® Consists of products from primarily four chemical families: imidazolinone, Cotton: Capreno (P)* Enlite® (P)* sulfonylurea, sulfonylamino-carbonyl-triazolinone and triazolopyrimidine. Liberty (Group 10) Corvus (P)* Envive® (P)* How do weeds evolve resistance to Group 2 herbicides? Hornet® (P)* Extreme® (P)* Soybeans: ™ ® Involves both target- and nontarget-site resistance mechanisms. Instigate (P)* OpTill Pro Liberty (Group 10) Lightning® (P) Pursuit® The binding site on the AHAS enzyme is altered, and the ALS herbicide ® cannot attach itself to the protein. Additionally, enhanced herbicide metabolism Realm Q (P)* Pursuit Plus (P)* Small Grains: has been shown as a resistance mechanism. Require® (P)* Raptor® Axiom (Groups 5, 15) Resolve® (P) Scepter® Huskie (Groups 6, 27) How many weeds have developed resistance to Group 2 herbicides? Resolve Q (P)* Sonic® (P)* Huskie Complete (Groups 2, 6, 27) Globally: 133 weed species confirmed Spirit® (P) Synchrony® XP (P) Wolverine (Groups 1, 6, 27) U.S.: 47 weed species (both grass and broadleaf) confirmed Steadfast® (P) Valor® XLT (P)* Steadfast ATZ (P)* Tree Fruits, Nuts and Vine Crops: Alion (Group 29) SureStart® (P)* Small Grains: Confirmed Group 2 ® Rely 280 (Group 10) TripleFLEX™ (P)* Affinity (P) Resistant Weed Species in the U.S.* ® Yukon® (P)* Ally Extra (P) • Amaranth, livid • Foxtail, robust white • Ragweed, giant Ally XP Please refer to product labels for additional • Amaranth, Palmer • Foxtail, yellow • Redstem Cotton: Amber® information on weeds controlled, application • Amaranth, Powell • Horseweed (marestail) • Rice, flatsedge Envoke® Beyond® timings, precautions, restrictions and other important use information. • Arrowhead, California • Johnsongrass • Ryegrass, Italian Staple® Everest® • Bluegrass, annual • Kochia • Ryegrass, perennial Suprend® (P)* Finesse® (P) • Brome, downy • Lambsquarters, common • Ryegrass, rigid Glean® XP Tree Fruits, Nuts ® • Brome, Japanese • Lettuce, prickly • Sedge, smallflower umbrella GoldSky (P) and Vine Crops: • Brome, rye (cheat) • Loosestrife, long-leaved • Shattercane Harmony® (P) Matrix® • Bulrush, ricefield • Marshelder • Sida, prickly Harmony Extra (P) Pindar™ GT (P)* • Chamomile, mayweed • Mustard, wild • Sowthistle, spiny Huskie Complete (P)* ® • Chickweed, common • Nightshade, eastern black • Sunflower, common Maverick (P) = Premix product • Cocklebur, common • Nutsedge, yellow • Thistle, Russian Olympus (P)* = Premix product ® • Falseflax, smallseed • Oat, wild • Wallflower, bushy Orion (P)* containing • Flixweed • Pigweed, redroot • Waterhemp, common Osprey at least one ® • Foxtail, giant • Pigweed, smooth • Waterhemp, tall non-ALS PowerFlex Rave® (P)* • Foxtail, green • Ragweed, common chemistry Rimfire Max (P) *Heap, I. The International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Available at www.WeedScience.org. October 17, 2013. return to cover Synthetic Auxin Herbicides — Herbicides Auxin Synthetic

Synthetic Group 4 Common Group 4 Bayer CropScience Herbicides for HRAC Group O Synthetic Auxin Herbicides Management of Synthetic Auxin- Use of Group 4 herbicides are most common Resistant Weeds in corn and small grains with very little to no use in soybeans, cotton and TFNV. What is a Group 4 herbicide? Corn: Acts similar to auxin (IAA), similar to naturally occurring plant hormones. Corn: Soybeans: Autumn Super (Group 2) Primary action is to affect cell wall plasticity and nucleic acid metabolism, 2,4-D ( or ester) 2,4-D Balance Flexx (Group 27) leading to uncontrolled cell division and growth, which cause vascular 2,4-DB Buctril (Group 6) tissue destruction. Small Grains: Banvel® Capreno (Groups 2, 27) Often produces epinastic-like symptoms (stem twisting, leaf malformations, etc.). 2,4-D (amine or ester) Clarity® Corvus (Groups 2, 27) Symptoms can often be seen within days of treatment. Banvel Distinct® (P)* Liberty (Group 10) Consists of products from primarily four chemical families: benzoic acid, phenoxy carboxylic acid, Clarity 4 Group carboxylic acid and quinoline carboxylic acid. Hornet (P)* WDG Curtail® M(P) NorthStar® (P)* Cotton: How do weeds evolve resistance to Group 4 herbicides? MCPA (amine or ester) Require Q (P)* Liberty (Group 10) The specific cellular or molecular binding site has not yet been identified. Orion (P)* Shotgun® (P)* Pulsar™(P) Soybeans: How many weeds have developed resistance to Group 4 herbicides? Starane® Rage® D-Tech (P)* Autumn Super (Group 2) Globally: 29 weed species confirmed Status® (P)* Starane Liberty (Group 10) U.S.: 9 weed species confirmed Stinger® WideMatch (P) SureStart (P)* Small Grains: TripleFLEX (P)* Tree Fruits, Nuts and Huskie (Groups 6, 27) Confirmed Group 4 ® Vine Crops: Resistant Weed Species in the U.S.* WideMatch (P) Huskie Complete (Groups 2, 6, 27) 2,4-D • Barnyardgrass • Kochia Yukon (P)* Olympus (Group 2) Starane Ultra Osprey (Group 2) • Bindweed, field • Lettuce, prickly Cotton: Stinger Rimfire Max (Group 2) • Carrot, wild • Starthistle, yellow None • Crabgrass, smooth • Waterhemp, common Wolverine (Groups 1, 6, 27) • Dayflower, spreading (P) = Premix product Tree Fruits, Nuts and Vine Crops: Alion (Group 29) *Heap, I. The International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. (P)* = Premix product containing at least one Available at www.WeedScience.org. October 8, 2013. nonsynthetic auxin chemistry Rely 280 (Group 10)

Please refer to product labels for additional information on weeds controlled, application timings, precautions, restrictions and other important use information.

return to cover Common Groups 5, 6, 7 Bayer CropScience Herbicides for — Inhibitors PS II PS II-Inhibitor Herbicides Management of PS II-Resistant Weeds Use of Groups 5, 6, and 7 herbicides is PS II Inhibitors Groups 5, 6, 7 common in corn, cotton and TFNV production Corn: HRAC Group C1, C2, C3 systems and to a lesser extent in soybeans and Balance Flexx (Group 27) small grains. Buctril (Group 6) Corn: Capreno (Groups 2, 27) Anthem™ ATZ (P)* What is a Group 5, 6, 7 herbicide? Corvus (Groups 2, 27) Inhibitor of photosynthesis at Photosystem II.

Liberty (Group 10) 7 6, 5, Groups Bicep II Magnum® (P)* Inhibition causes electrons to accumulate on molecules. Laudis (Group 27) As a consequence, oxidation occurs in excess of what is normally Callisto® Xtra (P)* tolerated by the cell, and the plant dies. Cinch® ATZ (P)* Cotton: Consists of products from 11 major chemical families: , benzothiadiazinone, nitrile, Degree XTRA® (P)* Liberty (Group 10) phenyl-carbamate, phenyl-pyridazine, pyridazinone, triazine, triazinone, triazolinone, and . Guardsman Max® (P)* ® How do weeds evolve resistance to Groups 5, 6, 7 herbicides? Harness (P)* Soybeans: Lexar® EZ (P)* Liberty (Group 10) Involves both target- and nontarget-site resistance mechanisms. Lumax® EZ (P)* A mutation occurs in the gene leading to an alteration at the site of the protein Small Grains: where triazine binding occurs. Additionally, enhanced herbicide metabolism Cotton: Axiom (Groups 5, 15) has been shown as a resistance mechanism. Caparol® ® Huskie (Groups 6, 27) How many weeds have developed resistance to Groups 5, 6, 7 herbicides? Cotoran Direx® Huskie Complete (Groups 2, 6, 27) Globally: 98 weed species confirmed Diuron Olympus (Group 2) U.S.: 27 weed species confirmed Osprey (Group 2) Soybeans: Rimfire Max (Group 2) Authority MTZ (P)* Confirmed Groups 5, 6, 7 Boundary® (P)* Wolverine (Groups 1, 6, 27) Resistant Weed Species in the U.S.* Canopy (P)* Tree Fruits, Nuts and • Amaranth, Palmer • Groundsel, common • Pigweed, redroot Vine Crops: • Amaranth, Powell • Horseweed (marestail) • Pigweed, smooth Small Grains: Alion (Group 29) • Barnyardgrass • Jimsonweed • Purslane, common Axiom (P)* Rely 280 (Group 10) • Bluegrass, annual • Kochia • Ragweed, common Huskie (P)* • Fingergrass, swollen • Ladysthumb • Sedge, smallflower umbrella Huskie Complete (P)* Please refer to • Foxtail, giant • Lambsquarters, common • Shepherdspurse Wolverine (P)* product labels for • Foxtail, yellow • Nightshade, eastern black • Smartweed, Pennsylvania additional Tree Fruits, Nuts and Vine Crops: information on weeds • Goosegrass • Orach, spreading • Velvetleaf Atrazine controlled, application timings, precautions, restrictions and • Goosegrass, late flowering • Pigweed, prostrate • Waterhemp, common Diuron other important use information. Hyvar® X-L *Heap, I. The International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Available at www.WeedScience.org. October 8, 2013. Karmex® Krovar® Princep® Sinbar® (P)* = Premix product containing at least one non-PS II chemistry return to cover Common Group 9 — (Glyphosate) Inhibitors Synthase EPSP EPSP Synthase-Inhibitor Herbicides Bayer CropScience Herbicides for Management of Glyphosate-Resistant † † † EPSP Synthase Inhibitors (Glyphosate) Group 9 Use of Group 9 herbicides is most common in corn , soybeans , cotton , Weeds HRAC Group G and TFNV production systems. In small grains, Group 9 herbicides are used for burndown prior to planting or after harvest. †Over-the-top use on glyphosate-tolerant crops only. Corn: What is a Group 9 herbicide? Balance Flexx (Group 27) Inhibitor of the chloroplast enzyme 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate (EPSP) synthase. Corn: Soybeans: ™ Capreno (Groups 2, 27) Inhibition leads to depletion of key amino acids that are necessary for protein synthesis Abundit Extra Buccaneer and plant growth. Buccaneer® Cornerstone Corvus (Groups 2, 27) ® Symptoms may take weeks to fully develop. Cornerstone Credit Liberty (Group 10) Credit® Durango Consists of one product from one major chemical family: glycine. Laudis (Group 27) Durango® Extreme (P)* How do weeds evolve resistance to Group 9 herbicides? Gly-4™ Flexstar GT (P)* Cotton: ® Gly-4 There are three known mechanisms of resistance involving both target- and nontarget-site Glyfos Liberty (Group 10) resistance: target-site resistance caused by EPSP synthase gene modification and amplification; GlyStar® Glyfos and nontarget-site resistance caused by a reduced glyphosate translocation mechanism. Halex® GT (P)* GlyStar Soybeans: A potential fourth mechanism, glyphosate metabolism, was recently identified. Honcho® Honcho Liberty (Group 10) Makaze® Roundup® How many weeds have developed resistance to Group 9 herbicides? Roundup Touchdown® Small Grains:

Globally: 24 species confirmed Touchdown Axiom (Groups 5, 15) 9 Group Cotton: U.S.: 14 species confirmed Small Grains: Huskie (Groups 6, 27) Buccaneer Buccaneer Huskie Complete (Groups 2, 6, 27) Cornerstone Confirmed Group 9 Cornerstone Credit Olympus (Group 2) Resistant Weed Species in the U.S.* Credit Flexstar® GT (P)* Osprey (Group 2) • Amaranth, Palmer • Junglerice Durango • Amaranth, spiny • Kochia Gly-4 Gly-4 Rimfire Max (Group 2) • Bluegrass, annual • Ragweed, common Glyfos GlyStar Wolverine (Groups 1, 6, 27) • Fleabane, hairy • Ragweed, giant GlyStar Honcho • Goosegrass • Ryegrass, Italian Honcho Roundup Tree Fruits, Nuts and Vine Crops: • Horseweed (marestail) • Ryegrass, rigid Roundup RT Master® II (P)* Alion (Group 29) ® • Johnsongrass • Waterhemp, common Sequence (P)* Touchdown Rely 280 (Group 10) Touchdown *Heap, I. The International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Tree Fruits, Nuts and Available at www.WeedScience.org. October 8, 2013. Vine Crops: Please refer to product (P)* = Premix product labels for additional Alecto™ (P)* containing at least information on weeds one nonglycine Buccaneer controlled, application chemistry Credit timings, precautions, Cornerstone restrictions and other important use information. Gly-4 Glyfos GlyStar Honcho Landmaster® BW (P)* Makaze Roundup Touchdown Glyphosate-resistant waterhemp in soybeans. return to cover Common Group 14 Bayer CropScience Herbicides for — PPO Inhibitors PPO-Inhibitor Herbicides Management of PPO-Resistant Weeds PPO Inhibitors Group 14 Use of Group 14 herbicides is most common in soybean production HRAC Group E systems and to a lesser extent in corn, cotton, small grains and TFNV. Corn: Corn: Small Grains: Balance Flexx (Group 27) ® Aim Aim Capreno (Groups 2, 27) What is a Group 14 herbicide? Anthem Sharpen† Corvus (Groups 2, 27) Inhibitor of protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) enzyme.

Anthem ATZ 14 Group Liberty (Group 10) Inhibition leads to a chain reaction resulting in the leaking of cell membranes. Cadet® Tree Fruits, Nuts and ® Laudis (Group 27) Symptoms from postemergence applications are observed within one day. Fierce (P)* Vine Crops: ®† PPO inhibitors are typically most effective on annual broadleaf weeds. Sharpen Aim Cotton: Rage (P)* Consists of products from eight chemical families: diphenyl ether, Chateau Liberty (Group 10) Resource® N-phenylphthalimide, oxadiazole, oxazolidinedione, phenylpyrazole, Galigan® pyrimidinedione, thiadiazole and triazolinone. Verdict™ (P)*† Soybeans: Goal Liberty (Group 10) How do weeds evolve resistance to Group 14 herbicides? Cotton: GoalTender® Aim This target-site resistance is conferred by an amino acid deletion in the Oxyflo Small Grains: PPO gene. Chateau® OxyStar® ET® Axiom (Groups 5, 15) How many weeds have developed resistance to Group 14 herbicides? Goal® Pindar GT (P)* Huskie (Groups 6, 27) Globally: 6 weed species confirmed Reflex® Shark® Huskie Complete (Groups 2, 6, 27) U.S.: 2 weed species confirmed Sharpen Treevix®† Wolverine (Groups 1, 6, 27) Valor Tree Fruits, Nuts and Vine Crops: Soybeans: (P)* = Premix product Confirmed Group 14 Alion (Group 29) Authority (P)*1 containing at least Resistant Weed Species in the U.S.* one non-PPO Authority Elite Rely 280 (Group 10) • Ragweed, common chemistry Cadet † = OpTill, †Sharpen, Treevix • Waterhemp, common ® Cobra and Verdict are all Please refer to Enlite (P)* powered by Kixor® herbicide product labels for *Heap, I. The International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. additional information Available at www.WeedScience.org. October 8, 2013. Envive (P)* 1 = Authority includes on weeds controlled, Fierce (P)* Authority Assist, application timings, Flexstar Authority First, precautions, restrictions Authority MTZ and Flexstar GT (P)* and other important Authority XL use information. Gangster® (P)* Phoenix™ OpTill (P)*† OpTill Pro Resource Sharpen† Sonic (P)* Ultra Blazer® Iowa field treated with Corvus at 5.6 fl oz/A tankmixed with 1 lb atrazine. Valor Valor XLT (P)* return to cover Common Group 15 Bayer CropScience Herbicides for — Inhibitors Mitosis Mitosis-Inhibitor Herbicides Management of Mitosis-Inhibitor- Mitosis Inhibitors Group 15 Use of Group 15 herbicides is most common in corn and soybean Resistant Weeds HRAC Group K3 production systems and to a lesser extent in cotton, small grains and TFNV. Corn: Corn: Cotton: Autumn Super (Group 2) What is a Group 15 herbicide? Anthem Dual II Magnum Balance Flexx (Group 27) Inhibits cell growth and division by interfering with development of very long-chain fatty Anthem ATZ Prefix® (P)* acids (VLCFA). Buctril (Group 6)

Bicep II Magnum Sequence (P)* 15 Group Typically affects susceptible weeds prior to emergence but does not inhibit seed germination. Capreno (Groups 2, 27) Breakfree® ATZ (P)* Warrant Oftentimes applied as a soil treatment for control of annual grasses and small-seeded broadleaf weeds. Corvus (Groups 2, 27) Bullet® (P)* Consists of products from primarily four chemical families: acetamide, chloracetamide, oxyacetamide, Soybeans: Liberty (Group 10) tetrazolinone. Cinch ATZ (P)* Authority Elite Degree Cotton: How do weeds evolve resistance to Group 15 herbicides? Boundary (P)* Degree XTRA (P)* Liberty (Group 10) This target-site resistance appears to be due to an altered VLCFA synthase binding site. Cinch Dual II Magnum® Soybeans: ® Dual II Magnum How many weeds have developed resistance to Group 15 herbicides? Expert (P)* Autumn Super (Group 2) Fierce Globally: 4 weed species confirmed Fierce Liberty (Group 10) Intrro U.S.: 1 weed species confirmed FulTime® (P)* Micro-Tech G-Max Lite™ (P)* Small Grains: OpTill Pro Guardsman Max (P)* Axiom (Groups 5, 15) Outlook Confirmed Group 15 Halex GT (P)* Tree Fruits, Nuts and Vine Crops: Prefix (P)* Resistant Weed Species in the U.S.* Harness Rely 280 (Group 10) Sequence (P)* • Ryegrass, Italian Harness XTRA (P)* Alion (Group 29) † Intrro® Verdict *Heap, I. The International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Keystone® (P)* Warrant Available at www.WeedScience.org. October 8, 2013. Please refer to product labels for additional Lariat® (P)* Zidua information on weeds controlled, application timings, precautions, restrictions and other Lexar EZ (P)* Small Grains: important use information. Lumax EZ (P)* Axiom (P)* Micro-Tech ® Outlook® Tree Fruits, Nuts and Vine Crops: SureStart (P)* None Surpass® TopNotch® (P)* = Premix product TripleFLEX (P)* containing at least Verdict† one nonmitosis Warrant™ inhibitor chemistry Zemax® † = Verdict is powered by Kixor herbicide Zidua®

return to cover HPPD Inhibitors Group 27 — HPPD Inhibitors HRAC Group F 2 Common Group 27 Bayer CropScience Herbicides for Prevention of HPPD-Inhibitor Herbicides Potential HPPD Resistance Development What is a Group 27 herbicide? Use of Group 27 herbicides is most common in corn and small Corn: Tree Fruits, Nuts and Inhibitor of 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate-dioxygenase (HPPD) enzyme, which disrupts the formation of carotenoids. grain production systems and to a lesser extent in soybeans. Autumn Super (Group 2) Vine Crops: The lack of carotenoids results in the destruction of chlorophyll molecules by excessive light energy. This leads to Corn: Cotton: Alion (Group 29) characteristic bleaching of leaf tissue and rapid plant death (normally six to 14 days) after application. Buctril (Group 6) Armezon® None Capreno (Groups 2, 27) Rely 280 (Group 10)

Symptoms often appear rapidly, but can be delayed by cloudy weather. 27 Group Balance Flexx Consists of products from four chemical families: triketone, isoxazole, pyrazole and pyrazolone. Soybeans: Corvus (Groups 2, 27) Small Grains: Callisto Liberty (Group 10) How do weeds evolve resistance to Group 27 herbicides? None Huskie (Groups 6, 27) Callisto Xtra (P)* Due to the recent discovery of HPPD resistance, researchers are investigating how this resistance develops. Cotton: Huskie Complete Capreno (P)* Small Grains: (Groups 2, 6, 27) Liberty (Group 10) How many weeds have developed resistance to Group 27 herbicides? Corvus (P)* Huskie (P)* Wolverine (Groups 1, 6, 27) Globally: 2 weed species confirmed Halex GT (P)* Huskie Complete (P)* Soybeans: Autumn Super (Group 2) Please refer to product labels for U.S.: 2 weed species confirmed Impact® Wolverine (P)* additional information on weeds Liberty (Group 10) How can Group 27 herbicides fit in my resistance management strategy? Instigate (P)* Tree Fruits, Nuts and controlled, application timings, Laudis precautions, restrictions and By alternating and/or tankmixing HPPD inhibitors with multiple modes of action, these products can be key management options for Vine Crops: other important use information. control of weeds resistant to ALS, PPO, glyphosate, and triazine chemistries. Lexar EZ (P)* None Lumax EZ (P)* Radius™ (P)* Confirmed Group 27 Resistant Weed Species in the U.S.* Realm Q (P)* — Inhibitors Biosynthesis Cellulose • Amaranth, Palmer • Waterhemp, common Zemax (P)* (P)* = Premix product containing at least one non-HPPD chemistry *Heap, I. The International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Available at www.WeedScience.org. October 8, 2013.

Cellulose Biosynthesis Inhibitors Group 29 HRAC Group L Common Group 29 Bayer CropScience Herbicide for Prevention of Potential Cellulose Biosynthesis-Inhibitor Herbicide Cellulose Biosynthesis Inhibitor Resistance Development What is a Group 29 herbicide? Use of a Group 29 herbicide is registered only in TFNV. Inhibitor of cellulose biosynthesis (CBI). Tree Fruits, Nuts and Please refer to product labels for Inhibits meristem growth. Tree Fruits, Nuts and Vine Crops: Vine Crops: additional information on weeds Consists of products from one chemical family: alkylazines (). controlled, application timings, Alion Rely 280 (Group 10) precautions, restrictions and other important use information.

How many weeds have developed resistance to Group 29 herbicides? 29 Group Globally: 1 weed species confirmed How can a Group 29 herbicide fit into a resistance management strategy? With a new mode of action, products such as Alion (indaziflam) become a key management option for pre-emergent control of weeds resistant to ALS, glyphosate, triazine and other herbicide chemistries. return to cover Glutamine Synthetase Inhibitors — Synthetase Glutamine

Glutamine Synthetase Inhibitors Group 10 Common Group 10 Bayer CropScience Herbicides for Prevention of HRAC Group H Glutamine Synthetase-Inhibitor Herbicides Potential Glufosinate-Resistance Development Use of Group 10 herbicides is most common in corn, cotton, canola, soybean and TFNV production systems. All Group 10 Corn: Small Grains: products are manufactured by Bayer CropScience. Liberty Autumn Super (Group 2) Axiom (Groups 5, 15) What is a Group 10 herbicide? is registered for over-the-top use on all LibertyLink crops Balance Flexx (Group 27) Huskie Complete Inhibitor of glutamine synthetase, a key enzyme in incorporating ammonium into amino acids. including corn, cotton, canola and soybeans. Liberty also can be used for burndown prior to planting any corn, soybean, Buctril (Group 6) (Groups 2, 6, 27) Blockage of this enzyme allows a buildup of phytotoxic ammonia. cotton, canola or sugarbeet crop. Rely 280 also can be used Capreno (Groups 2, 27) Osprey (Group 2) in registered tree fruit, nut and vine crops; ; and for Consists of products from one chemical family: phosphonic acid (glufosinate). Rimfire Max (Group 2) desiccation of potato vines. Corvus (Groups 2, 27) How do weeds evolve resistance to Group 10 herbicides? Laudis (Group 27) Wolverine (Groups 1, 6, 27) Researchers are investigating how glutamine synthetase inhibitor resistance develops. Canola*: Soybeans: Tree Fruits, Nuts and How many weeds have developed resistance to Group 10 herbicides? Vine Crops: Liberty Autumn Super (Group 2) Globally: 2 weed species confirmed Alion (Group 29) Group 10 Group U.S.: 1 weed species confirmed Corn*: Please refer to product Liberty labels for additional How can Group 10 herbicides fit in my resistance management strategy? information on weeds By introducing a new mode of action like a glutamine synthetase inhibitor, products such as glufosinate may become key ingredients Cotton*: controlled, application and management options for control of weeds resistant to ALS, glyphosate, triazine and other herbicide modes of action. timings, precautions, Liberty restrictions and other Additionally, LibertyLink® traits in corn, cotton, canola and soybeans allow over-the-top use of glufosinate. important use information. For a complete resistance management approach, rotate crops, herbicide-tolerant traits and herbicide modes of action. Soybeans*: Liberty Confirmed Group 10 Tree Fruits, Nuts and Vine Crops: Resistant Weed Species in the U.S.* Rely 280 • Ryegrass, Italian

*Heap, I. The International Survey of Herbicide-Resistant Weeds. Available at www.WeedScience.org. October 8, 2013. *Over-the-top use on LibertyLink crops only.

On the left, glyphosate-resistant pigweed overtakes a soybean field, while on the right, Liberty herbicide on LibertyLink soybeans provides an option for growers to help manage or prevent resistance. Arkansas field of LibertyLink soybeans treated with Liberty.

return to cover Bayer CropScience Herbicide Features

10

Cereals roup 2 roup 2 roup G G roup 27 G G roup 6 G Tree Fruit,Tree Nut and Vine roup 1 G Corn Soybeans in winter wheat. wheat. winter in herbicides. populations. populations. Bromus Offers broad-spectrum grass control, including Italian ryegrass and wild goatgrass jointed of ACCase-resistant), suppression (including and oats and rotationalFull crop flexibility and can be tankmixed with many broadleaf Delivers rapid, nonselective control of emerged broadleaf and grass weeds, including those resistant glyphosate to and multiple herbicide classes. Provides excellent crop safety matureto trees and vines. Now more powerful and cost-effective than ever before. Offers spring wheat growers tough protection for control of changing weed active ingredientsTwo work together control to the changing weed spectrum—weeds such as Japanese brome and Persian darnel. Effective control of wild oats and foxtails, including ACCase-resistant biotypes in wheat. Perfect tankmix partner with Huskie for an effective weed-control solution. The convenient postemergence solution for broad-spectrum grass and barley. and wheat in control weed broadleaf Controls 69 grass and broadleaf weeds—all at a single rate. Simplifies growers’ spray operationsby eliminating the need for tankmixing. Cotton

® roup 27 roup 2 G roup 27 G G 10 roup 6 roup G G roup 2 G YLD for the safest and most convenient ® canola and more than brands 100 of corn ® marestail. potential. cotton, InVigor ® control. weeds. weeds. residual soybeans. LibertyLink plus Liberty herbicide is highly effective against even the toughest weeds help to preserve the yield of high-performing varieties. nonselective Liberty for in-crop spray to growers allows LibertyLink trait The postemergence control of the toughest weeds, including Palmer amaranth, giant and waterhemp ragweed, With a unique mode of action, spray Liberty early control to weeds quickly before yield jeopardize they The high-performance LibertyLink across crops—canola, available widely is trait cotton, corn and soybeans—including leading brands such as FiberMax and Stoneville and Delivers postemergence control of more than 65 grass and broadleaf weeds with unsurpassed crop safety on field corn,sweet corn, popcorn and seed corn. with LibertyTankmix for the ultimate weed resistance management tool with Add glyphosate to extend to late postemergence control and kill resistant weeds. Add glyphosate to and Stratego disease and weed management program. Cost-effective winter wheat herbicide that offers reliable postemergence control of tough grass weeds, including wild oats as well as a number of key broadleaf Provides consistent performance with a wide application window. restrictions. grazing no Has Spring and winter burndown. Powered a unique by MOA delivering complete cross-spectrum control of grass and broadleafweeds. grasses and ACCase-resistant including resistance, weed manage Helps ALS-resistant species. broadleaf

roup 27 roup 27 roup 27 roup 27 G G G G roup 2 roup 2 roup 6 G G G weeds. more than 65 grass and broadleaf weeds. Safener for excellent crop safety and flexibility. ™ Burndown takes out early weeds. Residual prevents new weeds. weeds. late gets Reactivation Delivers season-long control of the toughest weeds for an amazing clean. end-of-season Offers the longest-lasting residual of any postemergence corn herbicide. Kills  with glyphosateTankmix and atrazine for four modes of action kill to resistant Tough burndownTough of grass and broadleaf weeds with reactivation kill to late-emerging weeds. enough controlTough to glyphosate-resistant weeds at a low use rate. CSI Perfect foundation herbicide for any two-pass program. Controls the toughest broadleaf weeds with its unique mode of action. of mode unique its with weeds broadleaf toughest the Controls The most effective tankmix starts with Huskie. Postemergence control of more than 50 broadleaf weeds. Dependableone-pass performance at theoz/A fl 5.6 rate. pre-plant burndown from applied be can formulation low-dose Convenient, through corn. V2 with glyphosateTankmix and atrazine at pre-emergence for four modes of action kill to resistant weeds. 15 roup 29 roup G G roup 2 G roup 5 G Applied from germination 2-leaf up to stage of wheat. Offers a unique mode of actionfight to ALS- ACCase-resistantand ryegrass in wheat. second simultaneously the stops while division cell inhibits ingredient active One the photosynthesis process, efficiently killing targetweeds. Provides consistent control of many grasses and certain small-seeded broadleaf weeds in wheat. Provides burndown of emerged weeds with residual. Takes down the toughestTakes weeds and keeps them down for a clean start prior planting.to Alternative mode of action glyphosate to that can help combat weeds. -resistant and glyphosate-tolerant Delivers exceptional crop safety. Provides longer-lasting residual control of both grass and broadleaf weeds. Offers a new and unique chemistry that controls even resistant weeds. Bayer CropScience Herbicide Features Herbicide CropScience Bayer return to cover return Herbicide Classification by Site of Action

Group Active Ingredient Examples (AI) Group Active Ingredient Examples (AI) Site of Action Premixtures Containing AI Site of Action Premixtures Containing AI Chemical Family Chemical Family (Mode of Action) Examples (Mode of Action) Examples WSSA HRAC Common Name Trade Name WSSA HRAC Common Name Trade Name 1 A ACCase Inhibition Aryloxyphenoxy-propionate Clodinafop Discover NG EPSP Synthase Glycine Glyphosate Roundup, Touchdown Halex GT, Sequence, Extreme, RT Master II, (Lipid Synthesis (FOPs) Fenoxaprop-P Puma® Wolverine, Fusion 9 G Inhibition Flexstar GT Inhibitors) (Amino Acid Synthesis -P Fusilade DX Fusion Inhibitors) Quizalofop-P Assure II, Targa® 10 H Glutamine Synthetase Phosphoric acid Glufosinate-ammonium Liberty, Rely 280 Cyclohexanedione (DIMs) Clethodim Select, Select Max Inhibition Sethoxydim Poast Rezult® (Nitrogen Metabolism Phenylpyrazole (DENs) Pinoxaden Axial XL Axial TBC Inhibitors) 2 B ALS/AHAS Inhibition Imidazolinone Imazethapyr Pursuit OpTill, Authority Assist, Extreme, Pursuit Plus 14 E Protoporphyrinogen Diphenyl ether -Na Ultra Blazer Oxidase (PPO) (Amino Acid Synthesis Imazamox Raptor, Beyond Reflex Flexstar GT, Flexstar Inhibitors) Inhibition Imazaquin Scepter Cobra (Cell Membrane Pyrimidinyl thiobenzoate Pyrithiobac-Na Staple Disrupters) Oxyfluorfen Goal, Galigan Sulfonylamino-carbonyl- Flucarbazone Everest N-phenylphthalimide Flumiclorac-pentyl Resource triazolinone Propoxycarbazone-Na Olympus Rimfire Max Flumioxazin Valor, Chateau Enlite, Envive, Fierce, Gangster, Valor XLT Thiencarbazone Corvus, Capreno, Huskie Complete Oxadiazole Sulfonylurea Chlorimuron Classic Canopy, Enlite, Envive, Valor XLT, Authority XL, Oxazolidinedione Pentoxazone Authority Maxx Phenylpyrazole Fluazolate Chlorsulfuron Finesse Pyrimidinedione Foramsulfuron Option® Sharpen, Treevix OpTill, Verdict Iodosulfuron Autumn Super Thiadiazole Fluthiacet Cadet Anthem, Anthem ATZ Mesosulfuron Osprey Rimfire Max Triazolinone Carfentrazone Aim Rage D-Tech Nicosulfuron Accent, Accent Q Steadfast Q, Steadfast ATZ Authority, Spartan® Authority First, Authority MTZ, Authority Maxx, Rimsulfuron Basis, Require Q, Resolve Q, Realm Q, Steadfast Q, Prequel® Authority Assist, Authority XL, Sonic Triazolopyrimidine Chloransulam-methyl FirstRate® Authority First, Gangster, Sonic Mitosis Inhibition Acetamide Napropamide Devrinol® 15 K3 Florasulam PowerFlex, GoldSky, Axial TBC (Seedling Shoot Chloracetamide Harness, Surpass, Warrant Harness XTRA, SureStart, TripleFLEX Growth Inhibitors) Flumetsulam Python® Hornet WDG, TripleFLEX, SureStart Intrro, Micro-Tech 4 O Synthetic Auxins Benzoic acid Dicamba Banvel, Clarity Distinct, Status, NorthStar, Require Q, Yukon Outlook Guardsman Max, Verdict (Growth Regulators) Phenoxy carboxylic acid 2,4-D Many Rage D-Tech Dual, Dual II Magnum Bicep II Magnum, Lexar EZ, Lumax EZ, Boundary, Prefix, Halex GT, Sequence, Zemax 2,4-DB Butyrac® Ramrod® MCPA Curtail M, Bronate®, Orion Isoxazoline Pyroxasulfone Zidua Anthem, Anthem ATZ, Fierce Pyridine carboxylic acid Stinger WideMatch, Curtail M, Hornet WDG, SureStart, TripleFLEX Oxyacetamide Flufenacet Define® Axiom, Radius Starane GoldSky, Pulsar, WideMatch Mefenacet Tordon ®, Grazon® Tetrazolinone Fentrazamide Quinoline carboxylic acid Paramount® ® ® 27 F 4-Hydroxyphenyl- Callistemone Callisto Callisto Xtra, Lexar EZ, Lumax EZ, Halex GT, 5 C Photosystem II Phenyl-carbamate Desmedipham Betanex Betamix 2 1 Pyruvate- Realm Q, Zemax Inhibition (PS II) Phenmedipham Betamix Dioxygenase (Photosynthesis Isoxazole Isoxaflutole Balance Pro Balance Flexx, Corvus, Radius, Prequel Pyridazinone Pyrazon Inhibition (4-HPPD) Inhibitors) Pyrasulfotole Huskie, Huskie Complete, Wolverine Triazine Atrazine AAtrex® Lexar EZ, Lumax EZ, Harness Xtra, Bicep II Magnum, (Pigment Inhibitors) Pyrazole Topramezone Impact Callisto Xtra, Guardsman Max Triketone Tembotrione Laudis Capreno Simazine Princep Cellulose Biosynthesis Alkylazine Indaziflam Alion Triazinone Metribuzin Sencor® Axiom, Authority MTZ, Boundary, Canopy 29 L Inhibition Triazolinone Amicarbazone Uracil Bromacil Hyvar XL Krovar Photosystem II Benzothiadiazinone Basagran® Storm®, Rezult Bayer CropScience commercial products are highlighted in blue. 6 C3 Inhibition (PS II) Nitrile Buctril Buctril+Atrazine, Bronate, Huskie, Huskie Complete, Wolverine (Photosynthesis This table is a partial listing of WSSA, HRAC-approved group numbers or letters and a partial listing of active ingredients and Phenyl-pyridazine Pyridate Inhibitors) products which may be contained within a chemical family. Group 29/L is a newly approved classification by WSSA/HRAC. Photosystem II Urea Diuron Diuron, Karmex 7 C2 Inhibitior (PS II) Fluometuron Cotoran For a complete summary listing of herbicide mechanisms of action, refer to Summary of Herbicide Mechanism of Action According to (Photosynthesis Amide Stam™, Propanil Inhibitors) the Weed Science Society of America (WSSA) available at www.wssa.net/wp-content/uploads/WSSA-Mechanism-of-Action.pdf. For more information visit www.BayerCropScience.us

IMPORTANT: This bulletin is not intended to provide adequate information for use of these products. Read the label before using these products. Observe all label directions and precautions while using these products.

Bayer CropScience LP, 2 T.W. Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709. Always read and follow label instructions. Bayer (reg’d), the Bayer Cross (reg’d), Alion®, Autumn™, Axiom®, Balance®, Betamix®, Betanex®, Bronate® Advanced™, Buctril®, Capreno®, Corvus®, CSI™ Safener, Define®, FiberMax®, Huskie®, InVigor®, Laudis®, Liberty®, LibertyLink®, Olympus®, Option®, Osprey®, Puma®, Radius™, Rely®, Respect the Rotation™, Rimfire®, Sencor®, Stoneville®, Stratego®, the Water Droplet Design (reg’d) and Wolverine® are trademarks of Bayer. AAtrex, Anthem ATZ, atrazine, Balance Flexx, Bicep II Magnum, Breakfree ATZ, Bullet, Callisto Xtra, Cinch ATZ, Corvus, Degree XTRA, Expert, FulTime, G-Max Lite, Grazon, Guardsman Max, Harness XTRA, Intrro, Keystone, Lariat, Lexar, Lumax, Micro-Tech, Prequel, Radius, Shotgun, Steadfast ATZ and Tordon are Restricted Use Pesticides. Alion, Autumn, Autumn Super, Axiom, Balance Flexx, Balance Pro, Betamix, Betanex, Buctril, Capreno, Corvus, Define, Huskie, Huskie Complete, Laudis, Liberty, Olympus, Osprey, Puma, Radius, Rely 280, Rimfire Max, Sencor, Stratego YLD and Wolverine are not registered in all states. Cornerstone is a trademark of Agriliance LLC. GlyStar is a trademark of Agrisel USA Inc. Butyrac and OxyStar are trademarks of Albaugh Inc. Impact is a trademark of AMVAC Chemical Corporation. Banvel, Basagran and Everest are trademarks of Arysta LifeScience Corporation. Armezon, Basagran, Beyond, Clarity, Distinct, Extreme, G-Max Lite, Guardsman Max, Kixor, Lightning, OpTill, Outlook, Paramount, Poast, Pursuit, Raptor, Rezult, Scepter, Sharpen, Status, Treevix, Verdict and Zidua are trademarks of BASF Corporation. Glyfos is a trademark of Cheminova. Curtail, Durango, FirstRate, FulTime, Goal, GoalTender, GoldSky, Grazon, Hornet, Keystone, Pindar, PowerFlex, Python, Sonic, Starane, Stinger, SureStart, Surpass, TopNotch, Tordon and WideMatch are trademarks of Dow AgroSciences. Abundit, Accent, Accent Gold, Affinity, Ally, Assure, Basis, Breakfree, Canopy, Cinch, Classic, Enlite, Envive, Finesse, Glean, Harmony, Hyvar, Instigate, Krovar, Matrix, Prequel, Realm, Require, Resolve, Sinbar, Staple, Steadfast and Synchrony are trademarks of E.I. du Pont de Nemours and Company. Aim, Anthem, Authority, Cadet, Rage, Shark and Spartan are trademarks of FMC Agricultural Products. Targa and Yukon are trademarks of Gowan Company LLC. Makaze and Shotgun are trademarks of Loveland Products, Inc. Cotoran, Direx, Galigan and Karmex are trademarks of Makhteshim Agan of North America. Bullet, Degree XTRA, Harness, Honcho, Intrro, Landmaster, Lariat, Maverick, Micro-Tech, Roundup, RT Master, TripleFLEX and Warrant are trademarks of Technology LLC. ET is a trademark of Nichino America Inc. Credit and Ramrod are trademarks of Nufarm Americas Inc. Stam is a trademark of RiceCo LLC. Alecto is a trademark of Ritter Chemical LLC. AAtrex, Amber, Axial, Bicep II Magnum, Boundary, Callisto, Caparol, Discover, Dual II Magnum, Envoke, Expert, Flexstar, Foxfire, Fusilade, Fusion, Halex, Lexar, Lumax, NorthStar, Orion, Prefix, Princep, Pulsar, Rave, Reflex, Sequence, Spirit, Suprend, Touchdown and Zemax are trademarks of a Syngenta Group Company. Buccaneer is a trademark of Tenkoz Inc. Devrinol, Storm and Ultra Blazer are trademarks of United Phosphorous Inc. Gly-4 is a trademark of Universal Crop Protection Alliance. Chateau, Cobra, Fierce, Gangster, Phoenix, Resource, Select, Select Max and Valor are trademarks of Valent U.S.A. Corporation. For additional product information, call toll-free 1-866-99-BAYER (1-866-992-2937) or visit our website at www.BayerCropScience.us CR1113MULTI1A696V00R0 return to cover 2014