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Karlova Univerzita V Praze UNIVERZITA KARLOVA V PRAZE FAKULTA SOCIÁLNÍCH VĚD Institut mezinárodních studií František Matějíček Personální pnutí ve vedení KSČ v letech 1987-1989. Vliv přestavby na události v Československu na konci osmdesátých let. Bakalářská práce Praha 2010 Autor práce: František Matějíček Vedoucí práce: Mgr. Jaroslav Cuhra, PhD. Oponent práce: Datum obhajoby: 17. 6. 2010 Hodnocení: 2 Bibliografický záznam MATĚJÍČEK, František. Personální pnutí ve vedení KSČ v letech 1987-1989. Vliv přestavby na události v Československu na konci osmdesátých let. Praha: Univerzita Karlova, Fakulta sociálních věd, Institut mezinárodních studií, 2010. 41 s. Vedoucí bakalářské práce Mgr. Jaroslav Cuhra, PhD. Anotace Bakalářská práce nazvaná „Personální pnutí ve vedení KSČ v letech 1987-1989. Vliv přestavby na události v Československu na konci osmdesátých let.“ pojednává o situaci v nejvyšším vedení Komunistické strany Československa v letech 1987-1989 v závislosti na změně politické linie Sovětského svazu a nástupu Michaila Sergejeviče Gorbačova do funkce generálního tajemníka ÚV KSSS. Cílem práce je popsat postoj vrcholných komunistických politiků k přestavbě hospodářského a společenského mechanismu a vývoj s tím souvisejících rozporů uvnitř strany. Zabývá se personálními přesuny, srovnává přístupy politických křídel vedených Vasilem Biľakem, Gustávem Husákem a do procesu nově vstupujících politiků reprezentovaných Ladislavem Adamcem a Miroslavem Štěpánem. Studie zároveň zkoumá atmosféru v nejvyšším stranickém orgánu, předsednictvu KSČ a mocenské ambice jednotlivých osobností. Na základě vzpomínek aktérů doby se pokouší nastínit model politického rozložení sil, které na konci osmdesátých let v domácí politice nastalo a ve svém důsledku přispělo k pádu komunistického režimu. Annotation Thesis called "Personal tensions in the party leadership in the years 1987-1989. Effect of reconstruction of the events in Czechoslovakia in the late eighties "deals with the situation in the supreme leadership of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia from 1987-1989, depending on the change of political line of the Soviet Union and the emergence of Mikhail Gorbachev to the position of the CPSU Central Committee General Secretary. The aim is to describe the position of top Communist politicians to transform the economic and social development mechanism and the related conflicts within the party. Deals with personnel moves, compares approaches to political wing 3 led by Vasil Biľak, Gustáv Husak, and new entrants into the process represented by politicians and Ladislav Adamec Miroslav Stepan. The study also examines the atmosphere in the party's highest authority, the Bureau of the CPC and the power ambitions of individual personalities. Based on the memories of players attempting to outline the time model of the distribution of political forces in the late eighties in domestic politics has occurred and ultimately contributed to the downfall of the communist regime. Klíčová slova Přestavba, Československo, KSČ, Komunismus, Husák, Jakeš, Štěpán, Adamec, Hegenbart, Biľak, Štrougal Keywords Czechoslovakia, Communism, CPC, Husák, Jakeš, Štěpán, Adamec, Hegenbart, Biľak, Štrougal 4 Prohlášení Prohlašuji, že jsem předkládanou práci zpracoval samostatně a použil jen uvedené prameny a literaturu. Současně dávám svolení k tomu, aby tato práce byla zpřístupněna v příslušné knihovně UK a prostřednictvím elektronické databáze vysokoškolských kvalifikačních prací v repozitáři Univerzity Karlovy a používána ke studijním účelům v souladu s autorským právem. V Praze dne 20. května 2010 František Matějíček 5 Poděkování Na tomto místě bych rád poděkoval vedoucímu bakalářské práce Mgr. Jaroslavu Uhrovi, PhD. a vedoucímu bakalářského semináře Doc. PhDr. Jiřímu Vykoukalovi, CSc za podněty a čas strávený konzultacemi nad zpracovávaným tématem. 6 PROJEKT BAKALÁŘSKÉ PRÁCE Jméno: František Matějíček E-mail: [email protected] Semestr: 6. Akademický rok: 2009/2010 Název práce: Personální pnutí ve vedení KSČ v letech 1987-1989. Vliv přestavby na události v Československu na konci osmdesátých let. Předpokládaný termín dokončení (semestr, školní rok): 6./2010 Vedoucí bakalářského semináře: Doc. PhDr. Jiří Vykoukal,CSc. Vedoucí práce (není povinné): Mgr. Jaroslav Cuhra, PhD. Zdůvodnění výběru tématu práce (5 řádek): Důvodem pro výběr tématu je zájem autora o zdokumentování doby, která je součástí jeho osobních vzpomínek. Pokouší se vyhledat, podchytit a pochopit mocenský status nejvyššího stranického a státního aparátu na konci osmdesátých let a postoje jednotlivých politiků k nutnosti společenské přestavby. Předpokládaný cíl (5 řádek): Podchytit skutečnosti, které vedly k pádu komunistického režimu v Československu v závislosti na demokratizačním procesu sovětského vůdce Michaila Gorbačova. Zjistit, zda je při hodnocení událostí prostor pro spekulativní teorie, či zda systém selhal přirozenou cestou neschopnosti obhájení vlastních ideálů a mocenských možností. Středem autorova zájmu je především elita československých komunistů a jejich postoj ke změně politické linie Moskvy. Základní charakteristika tématu (10 řádek): Bakalářská práce nazvaná „Personální pnutí ve vedení KSČ v letech 1987-1989. Vliv přestavby na události v Československu na konci osmdesátých let.“ pojednává o situaci v nejvyšším vedení Komunistické strany Československa v letech 1987-1989 v závislosti na změně politické linie Sovětského svazu a nástupu Michaila Sergejeviče Gorbačova do funkce generálního tajemníka ÚV KSSS. Cílem práce je popsat postoj vrcholných komunistických politiků k přestavbě hospodářského mechanismu v Československu a vznik s tím souvisejících rozporů uvnitř strany. Zabývá se personálními přesuny, srovnává přístupy politických křídel vedených Vasilem Biľakem, Gustávem Husákem a do procesu nově vstupujících politiků reprezentovaných Ladislavem Adamcem a Miroslavem Štěpánem. Zároveň zkoumá atmosféru v nejvyšším stranickém orgánu, předsednictvu strany a ambice jednotlivých osobností k využití nastalé situace. Na základě vzpomínek aktérů doby se práce pokouší nastínit model politického rozložení sil, který na konci osmdesátých let v Československu nastal a ve svém důsledku dovedl komunistický režim k jeho pádu. Předpokládaná struktura práce (10 řádek): I. Úvod II. Pod praporem přestavby III. Československo na prahu změn IV. Personální změny roku 1987 – Jakeš, Adamec a ti druzí Bakalářská práce Personální pnutí ve vedení KSČ v letech 1987-1989 V. Kdo s koho? VI. Závěrečná bitva VII. Závěr Základní literatura (10 nejdůležitějších titulů): SUK, J. Chronologie zániku komunistického režimu v Československu 1985-1990. Praha : Ústav pro soudobé dějiny AV ČR, 1999 VANĚK. M. Vítězové? Poražení? Praha : Prostor, 2005 VANĚK, M. Mocní? A bezmocní? Praha : Prostor, 2006 DURMAN, K. Útěk od praporů. Praha : Karolinum, 1998 VYKOUKAL, J. LITERA, B. TEJCHMAN, M. Východ: vznik, vývoj a rozpad sovětského bloku 1944-1989. Praha: Libri, 2000 KRTILOVÁ, M. Poslední hurá. Praha : Cesty, 1992 FORMÁČKOVÁ, M. Gustáv Husák. Tragédie jednoho osudu. Čechtice: BVD. 2009, JAKEŠ, M. Dva roky generálním tajemníkem. Praha: Regulus. 1996 ŠTĚPÁN, M.. Zpověď vězně sametové revoluce. Praha: Grafit. 1991 PLEVZA, V. Vzostupy a pády. Bratislava: Tatrapress. 1991. Podpis studenta a datum Schváleno Datum Podpis Vedoucí bakalářského semináře Garant oboru 6 Bakalářská práce Personální pnutí ve vedení KSČ v letech 1987-1989 Obsah OBSAH ....................................................................................................................................................... 7 ÚVOD.......................................................................................................................................................... 8 1. BIBLIOGRAFIE .............................................................................................................................. 9 1.1 Metodologie, rozsah a členění práce ................................................................................... 9 2. POD PRAPOREM PŘESTAVBY ................................................................................................ 10 2.1. Brežněvova doktrína .......................................................................................................... 11 3. ČESKOSLOVENSKO NA PRAHU ZMĚN ................................................................................ 12 3.1. Konzervativci a neokonzervativci....................................................................................... 13 3.2. Velmi opatrná přestavba.................................................................................................... 14 4. PERSONÁLNÍ ZMĚNY ROKU 1987 – JAKEŠ, ADAMEC A TI DRUZÍ............................... 17 4.1. Husákův pád....................................................................................................................... 18 4.2. Miloš Jakeš – reformátor nebo kompromisní řešení? ........................................................ 20 5. KDO S KOHO? .............................................................................................................................. 22 5.1. Odchod Lubomíra Štrougala.............................................................................................. 25 5.2. Reformátoři na scéně? Ladislav Adamec a Miroslav Štěpán............................................. 26 6. ZÁVĚREČNÁ BITVA ................................................................................................................... 28 6.1. Sametový pád ....................................................................................................................
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