DOCSLIB.ORG

Occurrences of Uranium-Bearing Minerals in the St

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Occurrences of Uranium-Bearing Minerals in the St GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 321 OCCURRENCES OF URANIUM-BEARING MINERALS IN THE ST. KEVIN DISTRICT LAKE COUNTY, COLORADO This report concerns work done on behalf of the U.S. Atomic Energy Commission and is published with the permission of the Commission. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIQR Douglas McKay, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY W. E. Wrather, Director GEOLOGICAL SURVEY CIRCULAR 321 OCCURRENCES OF URANIUM-BEARING MINERALS IN THE ST. KEVIN DISTRICT, LAKE COUNTY, COLORADO By C. T. Pierson and Q. D. Singewald This report concerns work done on behalf of the U. S. Atomic Energy Commission and is published with the permission of the Commission. Washington, D. C., 1954 Free on application to the Geological Survey, Washington 25, D. C. OCCURRENCES OF URANIUM-BEARING MINERALS IN THE ST. KEVIN DISTRICT, LAKE COUNTY, COLORADO By C. T. Pierson and Q. D. Singewald CONTENTS Page .Page Abstract.................................... 1 Geologic setting. 4 Introduction. 2 Radioactivity measurements. 4 Purpose, scope, and acknowledgments.... 2 The uranium occurrences. 16 Geography: . 2 Unpublished reports. .. 17 ILLUSTRATIONS Page Figure 1. Index map of Colorado. 2 2. Geologic map of Sugar Loaf and St. Kevin districts........................................... 3 3. Adit showing locality 117 . • . 4 4. Adit showing localities 118, 119, 120 . 5 5. Lower Wilkes barre adit. 6 6. Radioactivity in the St. Kevin district.. .. .. 13 7. Radioactivity in part of St. Kevin district (detailed)........................................... 14 8. Radioactivity in the Sugar Loaf district. 15 TABLE Page Table 1. Radioactivity anomalies, Sugar Loaf-St. Kevin district....................................... 7 ABSTRACT At only a few localities has the identity of the uranium-bearing minerals been determined. Torbernite, Two hundred and seventy-one prospect pits, associated with turquoise, malachite, and chrysocolla, mine dumps, or mine workings within the Sugar Loaf occurs as disseminations and fracture coatings in al­ and St. Kevin mining districts and vicinity, were tered granite at the Josie May turquoise mine; tested for radioactivity by the U. S. Geological Survey metatorbernite is disseminated in granite at the in 1951 during six weeks of investigation on behalf of Turquoise Chief mine. Commonly the limonite-stained the Division of Raw Materials of the U. S. Atomic fractures in the altered granite and schist are radio­ Energy Commission. One hundred and twenty-two active; metatorbernite has been identified in limonite weak radioactivity anomalies were found in the stain at one locality. A uranium-variety of florencite, St. Kevin district and vicinity, and eight slight a hydrous cerium aluminum phosphate, is disseminated anomalies were noted in the Sugar Loaf district, which in the granite on the dump of a mine just west of the adjoins the St. Kevin district on the south. Most of St. Kevin district, and autunite(?) is disseminated in the radioactive anomalies were found in pre-Cambrian fine-grained, highly silicified rock in the northeastern igneo~s and metamorphic rocks, but some were found part of the St. Kevin district. in metalliferous veins of Tertiary age. Samples of altered granite or schist contain as much as 0. 065 per­ None of the uranium occurrences is of commercial cent uranium, -probably in the form of secondary importance. They are for the most partin nonglaciated uranium minerals. Samples of vein material terrane, which has been subjected to a very long period contain as much as 0. 013 percent uranium, also of weathering. Thus, chemical leaching. within the probably in the form of secondary uranium zone of weathering may have greatly reduced the minerals. uranium content of material near the surface, and 1 occurrences of even small quantities of secondary adjoining the district on the west. Fewer tests uranium minerals might be related to stronger were made in the Sugar Loaf district because the concentrations of primary minerals at depth. general level of radioactivity was low. Samples were taken at most localities that INTRODUCTION exhibited radioactivity greater than 3 times backgrounc' count, but only a few were taken at the weakly radio­ Purpose, scope, and acknowledgments active localities. A radioactivity reconnaissance of the St. Kevin min­ The writers are indebted to J. M. Kleff of ing district, an outlying area immediately to the west, and Leadville for courtesies extended during the the northern part of the adjoining Sugar Loaf mining district, examination of the Lakewood mine, and also to Lake County, Colorado, was made in 1951 by the Geological George S. Casey of Leadville, who generously con­ Survey on behalf of the Division of Raw Materials of the U. S. tributed information and a map of the Wilkesbarre mine. Atomic Energy Commission. The reconnaissance was undertaken because in 1951 torbernite was identified in sev­ eral samples previously collected by Singewald. There­ Geography sults of the reconnaissance provide a preliminary apprais­ al of the frequency, magnitude, and distribution of The Sugar Loaf and St. Kevin districts (figs. 1 radioactivity anomalies, and their significance. and 2) are separated by Lake Fork Creek, and are on the eastern flank of the Sawatch range, and 4 to 7 miles The field work was done during the summer of west-northwest of Leadville, the county seat of Lake 1951 byQ. D. Singewald, C. T. Pierson, J. W. Mytton, County. The districts are reached by good secondar'y V. R. Wilmarth, R. C. Vickers, and D. L. Peck. roads from Leadville, and, within the districts, most of the mines are accessible by moderately good Examinations for radioactivity were made of most to poor mountain roads. The relief is about 1, 400 feet; of the prospect pits, mine dumps, and accessible mine altitudes range from about 9, 700 feet to more workings in the St. Kevin district and in the region than 11, 000 feet. 109° 108' Burlington 0 QColorado Springs • j I I 0urango 0 i I : 370 I _____ j NEW MEXICO OKLAHOMA ,-------; 50 0 IOOMiles I I I I I I I Figure 1. -Index map of Colorado showing location of Sugar Loaf and St.. Kevin districts. 2 EX PLANATION Granite W%1J Schist and gneiss Contact between granite, schist and gneiss DasMd --wll~rs int.rrsd ~0 Strike and dip of foliation '*('75... Vein showing dip Ooshed where in""ed + Comer of section Figure 2. -Generalized geologic map of the Sugar Loaf and St. Kevin district, Lake County, Colorado, showing vein pattern. 3 GEOLOGIC SETTING anticlinal arch trending north-northwest, and faulted. Because outcrops are sparse within the Sugar Loaf The geology of the Sugar Loaf and St. Kevin and St. Kevin distriats, however, the details of the districts has . oeen studied by Singewald (in prep­ folding cannot be deciphered. The faults in the aration), and the following is abstracted from Sugar Loaf and .St. Kevin districts have prevailing his report. The bedrock (fig. 2) is composed trends of north-northwest and east-northeast, and are 11 mainly of pre-Cambrian rocks including schist indicated by VeinS, Chert dikeS 1 II and ZOneS Of Sericit­ and gneiss of the Idaho Springs formation(?), ized rock. the Silver Plume(?) granite, and minor pegmatites, but dikes and irregularly shaped bodies of Tertiary The ore deposits of the Sugar Loaf and St. Kevin igneous rock, tentatively correlated with the districts are found in composite veins along fissure White porphyry of the Leadville district, occur zones, within which the ore forms films, veinlets, locally. Most of the area is nonglaciated; how­ and veins. Silver has been the principal metal ever, Lake Fork Creek occupies a glacial valley. produced, although a few of the deposits have been Unconsolidated deposits consist of moraine, outwash worked for gold, and many contain subordinate gravel, alluvium, and gravel. amounts of zinc and lead. Turquoise occurs in several prospects in the south-centra.! part of the Only the schist and gneiss, mapped as a unit, St. Kevin district, but apparently these do not contain and the granite, which approaches quartz monzonite silver. Most of the production, which has an estimated in composition, are shown in figure 2. All types of value of between 10 and 15 million dollars, came during bedrock have been intensely sericitized, and, locally, the last century; the output since that time has been silicified adjacent to fissures. One important effect intermittent. of silicification has been the development of chert "dikes" and 11 dike 11 zones and also of "chert RADIOACTIVITY MEASUREMENTS disseminations 11 consisti~g of innumerable chert veinlets irregularly distributed through the country In the Sugar Loaf and St. Kevin districts and vicinity, rocks. 271 prospect pits, mine dumps, or mine workings were tested for radioactivity during 1951. These localities, of During the Laramide orogeny the area of which 130 were anomalously radioactive, are shown on the Sawatch Range was folded into a broad, figures 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8. The radioactivity EXPLANATION 60 -- ~ 1 +-T.ight pyritic fissure in siilclfied granite I Fault- showing dip, I dashed where opprox­ i.mately locoteti ·1 17 (Only on ore a of ®out .one squore foot of the vein ts rodiooctive} Outline of workings· "-117 Rod iaactive locality and number Crosscut is in pre-Cambrian granite and schist. No stoping. \Portal; 10,930 feet 5.68°30' from N.W. corner of section 7, T.9S., RBOW. 50 0 50 Feet Base by compass and pace traverse. Geology· by C.T. Pierson and J.W.Mytton October 1951 Figure 3.-Map of unnamed adit west of the St. Kevin district, Lake County, Colorado, showing radioactive locality 117. 4 -- 120 Fork about 200 feet lang; not mapped; no a~omalous radioactivity. I ) Breccia zone, I dips steeply SE ' fissure; not radioactive Workings are in pre-Cambrian granite EXPLANATION ~---­ Fault , showing dip~ dashed where approximately located ~I Outline of workings 120---........ Radioactive locality and number 50 0 50 Feet \Portal; 10,160 ieet S.66°W.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Significance of Mineralogy in the Development of Flowsheets for Processing Uranium Ores
    JfipwK LEACHING TIME REAGENTS TEMPERATURE FLOCCULANT CLARITY AREA COUNTER CURRENT DECANTATION It 21 21 J^^LJt TECHNICAL REPORTS SERIES No.19 6 Significance of Mineralogy in the Development of Flowsheets for Processing Uranium Ores \W# INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY, VIENNA, 1980 SIGNIFICANCE OF MINERALOGY IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF FLOWSHEETS FOR PROCESSING URANIUM ORES The following States are Members of the International Atomic Energy Agency: AFGHANISTAN HOLY SEE PHILIPPINES ALBANIA HUNGARY POLAND ALGERIA ICELAND PORTUGAL ARGENTINA INDIA QATAR AUSTRALIA INDONESIA ROMANIA AUSTRIA IRAN SAUDI ARABIA BANGLADESH IRAQ SENEGAL BELGIUM IRELAND SIERRA LEONE BOLIVIA ISRAEL SINGAPORE BRAZIL ITALY SOUTH AFRICA BULGARIA IVORY COAST SPAIN BURMA JAMAICA SRI LANKA BYELORUSSIAN SOVIET JAPAN SUDAN SOCIALIST REPUBLIC JORDAN SWEDEN CANADA KENYA SWITZERLAND CHILE KOREA, REPUBLIC OF SYRIAN ARAB REPUBLIC COLOMBIA KUWAIT THAILAND COSTA RICA LEBANON TUNISIA CUBA LIBERIA TURKEY CYPRUS LIBYAN ARAB JAMAHIRIYA UGANDA CZECHOSLOVAKIA LIECHTENSTEIN UKRAINIAN SOVIET SOCIALIST DEMOCRATIC KAMPUCHEA LUXEMBOURG REPUBLIC DEMOCRATIC PEOPLE'S MADAGASCAR UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF KOREA MALAYSIA REPUBLICS DENMARK MALI UNITED ARAB EMIRATES DOMINICAN REPUBLIC MAURITIUS UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT ECUADOR MEXICO BRITAIN AND NORTHERN EGYPT MONACO IRELAND EL SALVADOR MONGOLIA UNITED REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA MOROCCO CAMEROON FINLAND NETHERLANDS UNITED REPUBLIC OF FRANCE NEW ZEALAND TANZANIA GABON NICARAGUA UNITED STATES OF AMERICA GERMAN DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC NIGER URUGUAY GERMANY, FEDERAL REPUBLIC OF NIGERIA VENEZUELA GHANA NORWAY VIET NAM GREECE PAKISTAN YUGOSLAVIA GUATEMALA PANAMA ZAIRE HAITI PARAGUAY ZAMBIA PERU The Agency's Statute was approved on 23 October 1956 by the Conference on the Statute of the IAEA held at United Nations Headquarters, New York; it entered into force on 29 July 1957.
    [Show full text]
  • Beneficiation of High Phosphorus Limonite Ore by Sodium- Carbonate-Added Carbothermic Reduction
    ISIJ International, Vol. 52 (2012), No. 10, pp. 1757–1763 Beneficiation of High Phosphorus Limonite Ore by Sodium- carbonate-added Carbothermic Reduction Shaojun BAI,1) Shuming WEN,1,2)* Dianwen LIU,1) Wenbin ZHANG1) and Qinbo CAO1) 1) Faculty of Land Resources Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, Yunnan, 650093 PR China. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 2) Engineering Research Center and Ministry of Education for Efficient Utilization of Mineral Resources in Western of China, Kunming 650093, PR China. (Received on March 1, 2012; accepted on June 6, 2012) The characteristics of Huimin high phosphorus limonite ore and the beneficiation of this iron ore by sodium-carbonate-added carbothermic reduction, ultrafine grinding and magnetic separation were investi- gated. Iron particle size in reduced ore without Na2CO3 additive is tiny and the fayalite is abundant. It is indicated that the formation of fayalite is the main hindrance to accelerate the reduction of limonite. With a mass ratio of Na2O3 to ore of 10% additive, the reduction of limonite can be reinforced. The reinforcing affect may be caused by the increase of the reducing reaction activity of FeO and the acceleration of the carbon gasification reaction rate. Fluorapatite were not reduced in the low temperature reduction process and entered to gangue phases, after ultrafine grinding-magnetic separation process, a qualified iron con- centrate with 76.47% Fe, a recovery of 73.20% is obtained with simultaneous decrease in the phosphorus content down to 0.25%. KEY WORDS: iron ore; beneficiation; high phosphorus limonite ore; sodium carbonate; carbothermic reduc- tion; metallic iron; ultrafine grinding.
    [Show full text]
  • Lord Hill Quarry Town: Stoneham, Ox Ford County Base Map: Cen Ter Lovell 7.5’ Quadran Gle Con Tour in Ter Val: 20 Feet
    Lord Hill Quarry Town: Stoneham, Ox ford County Base map: Cen ter Lovell 7.5’ quadran gle Con tour in ter val: 20 feet Type of de posit: Gran ite peg matite. strunzite, to paz, torbernite/metatorbernite, triphylite(?), triplite, uraninite, uranophane, vivian it e, zircon (var. cyrtolite). Col lect ing sta tus: Locat ed in the White Mountai n Nati onal Forest . No perm ission is needed to collec t miner als here. How- Com ments: Lord Hill is one of the fa vor ite col lect ing sites in ever, collec ting must be non com mercia l, done with hand tools, Maine, offer ing a va riety of miner als and White Mountai n scen - and not greatly disturb the mine area. ery. The best-known finds from this local ity in clude large crys- tals of white topaz, and smoky quartz crystal s encrust ed by many Min er als ob served: albit e, almandine (garnet) , autun- small phenakite crys tals. Most col lect ing ac tiv ity ap pears to ite/meta-autun ite, beraunite, bermanite, beryllonite, bertrandite, have oc curred in the larger of the two quarry pits, al though a ma- beryl, bi o tite, bis muth, bis muthi nite, bismutite, cas sit er ite, jor pocket contai n ing smoky quartz and fluorapatite crystal s was columbite, cryptomelane, damourite, elbaite (tour maline) , opened in the floor of the smaller pit in 1991. The pieces of topaz eosphorite, fluorapatite, fluo rite, gahnite, goethite com monly found here are disti n guished by their bluish-whi te (pseudomorphic after pyrit e), goyazite, heterosite, hureaulite, color (es pe cially when wet), sin gle cleav age di rec tion, and hydroxylapatite, hydroxyl-herderite, microcline, microlite, higher den sity than sim i lar-look ing peg ma tite min er als.
    [Show full text]
  • Mineral Collecting Sites in North Carolina by W
    .'.' .., Mineral Collecting Sites in North Carolina By W. F. Wilson and B. J. McKenzie RUTILE GUMMITE IN GARNET RUBY CORUNDUM GOLD TORBERNITE GARNET IN MICA ANATASE RUTILE AJTUNITE AND TORBERNITE THULITE AND PYRITE MONAZITE EMERALD CUPRITE SMOKY QUARTZ ZIRCON TORBERNITE ~/ UBRAR'l USE ONLV ,~O NOT REMOVE. fROM LIBRARY N. C. GEOLOGICAL SUHVEY Information Circular 24 Mineral Collecting Sites in North Carolina By W. F. Wilson and B. J. McKenzie Raleigh 1978 Second Printing 1980. Additional copies of this publication may be obtained from: North CarOlina Department of Natural Resources and Community Development Geological Survey Section P. O. Box 27687 ~ Raleigh. N. C. 27611 1823 --~- GEOLOGICAL SURVEY SECTION The Geological Survey Section shall, by law"...make such exami­ nation, survey, and mapping of the geology, mineralogy, and topo­ graphy of the state, including their industrial and economic utilization as it may consider necessary." In carrying out its duties under this law, the section promotes the wise conservation and use of mineral resources by industry, commerce, agriculture, and other governmental agencies for the general welfare of the citizens of North Carolina. The Section conducts a number of basic and applied research projects in environmental resource planning, mineral resource explora­ tion, mineral statistics, and systematic geologic mapping. Services constitute a major portion ofthe Sections's activities and include identi­ fying rock and mineral samples submitted by the citizens of the state and providing consulting services and specially prepared reports to other agencies that require geological information. The Geological Survey Section publishes results of research in a series of Bulletins, Economic Papers, Information Circulars, Educa­ tional Series, Geologic Maps, and Special Publications.
    [Show full text]
  • Eg9601814 Supergene Alteration of Magnetite And
    EG9601814 SUPERGENE ALTERATION OF MAGNETITE AND PYRITE AND THE ROLE OF THEIR ALTERATION PRODUCTS IN THE FIXATION OF URANIUM FROM THE CIRCULATING MEDIA. BY MA EL GEMMIZI Nuclear Materials A uthority Cairo- Egypt. ABSTRACT. In most of the Egyptian altered radioactive granites, highly magnetic heavy particles were found to be radioactive. They are a mixture of several iron oxide minerals which are products of supergene alteration of the pre-existing hypogene iron-bearing minerals especially magnetite and pyrite. The end products of this supergene alteration are mainly hydrated iron oxide minerals limonite hematite and geothite. During the alteration, deformation and defects in the minerals structure took place , thereby promoting diffusion of the substitutional and interstitial ions (uranium) to words these sites The mechanism of the alteration of the hypogene iron-bearing minerals; magnetite and pyrite to form the secondary minerals hematite, limonite and geothite; the role of these minerals in fixing uranium from the ciculating media as well as the applicability of these minerals as indicators to the radioactivity of the host rocks were discussed. INTRODUCTION It is quite common that in all the altered rocks magnetite and to some extent pyrite which are present as accessories are suffering from some degrees of alteration. Magnetite and pyrite in the altered granite of Wadi Nugrus, El Missikat and £1 Aradyia, Eastern Desert was found by (1 & 2) to possess several degrees of alteration and crystal deformation. This means that both minerals are sensitive to postdepositional environmental changes. The granites of the present study were described as altered granites overlained by metasediments and underlained by magmatic bodies which invaded the granites itself by sills.
    [Show full text]
  • UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT of the INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PRELIMINARY DEPOSIT-TYPE MAP of NORTHWESTERN MEXICO by Kenneth R
    UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY PRELIMINARY DEPOSIT-TYPE MAP OF NORTHWESTERN MEXICO By Kenneth R. Leonard U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 89-158 This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with Geological Survey editorial standards and stratigraphic nomenclature. Any use of trade, product, firm, or industry names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government. Menlo Park, CA 1989 Table of Contents Page Introduction..................................................................................................... i Explanation of Data Fields.......................................................................... i-vi Table 1 Size Categories for Deposits....................................................................... vii References.................................................................................................... viii-xx Site Descriptions........................................................................................... 1-330 Appendix I List of Deposits Sorted by Deposit Type.............................................. A-1 to A-22 Appendix n Site Name Index...................................................................................... B-1 to B-10 Plate 1 Distribution of Mineral Deposits in Northwestern Mexico Insets: Figure 1. Los Gavilanes Tungsten District Figure 2. El Antimonio District Figure 3. Magdalena District Figure 4. Cananea District Preliminary Deposit-Type Map of
    [Show full text]
  • The Brown Iron Ores of West- Middle Tennessee
    ORTONMFMORIAI LIBRARY Please do not destroy or throw away this publication. If you have no further use for it, write to the Geological Survey at Washington and ask for a frank to return It DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Hubert Work, Secretary U. S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY George Otis Smith, Director Bulletin 795 D THE BROWN IRON ORES OF WEST- MIDDLE TENNESSEE BY ERNEST F. BURCHARD Prepared in cooperation with the Tennessee Geological Surrey Contributions to economic geology, 1927, Part I (Pages 63-112) Published October 20,1927 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON 1927 ADDITIONAL COPIES OF THIS PUBLICATION MAT BE PROCURED FROM THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE WASHINGTON, D. C. AT 15 CENTS PEE COPY CONTENTS Page Introduction 53 Earlier geologic work _ _ _______ 55 The early iron industry 57 Geography _ 58 Geology. _ - 60 Stratigraphy - 60 Structure_ _ _ ._ 64 The iron ores _ . __ _ _ 65 Distribution ______________________________ 65 Occurrence and character- ____________:______ 66 Position and form of deposits____________________ 66 Types of ore 66 Mineral composition.. __ ____ ______________ ' 67 Chemical composition___________________,__ __ 69 Topographic relations _ _ _ _ 71 Geologic relations _' ____ 72 Suggestions as to origin ______ _______________ 74 Typical deposits _ ____ __ 77 Stewart County : _ 77 Deposits near Bear Spring _________________ 78 Deposits near Stribling _ _ __________ 80 Montgomery County __ _ ______________ 84 Deposits near Louise _ _ _ __ 84 Dickson County ___________________________
    [Show full text]
  • Thermal Decomposition of Metatorbernite – a Controlled Rate Thermal Analysis Study
    Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, Vol. 79 (2005) 721–725 THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF METATORBERNITE – A CONTROLLED RATE THERMAL ANALYSIS STUDY R. L. Frost1*, J. Kristóf 2, M. L. Weier1, W. N. Martens1 and Erzsébet Horváth3 1Inorganic Materials Research Program, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, GPO Box 2434, Brisbane Queensland 4001, Australia 2Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Veszprém, 8201 Veszprém, P.O. Box 158, Hungary 3Department of Environmental Engineering and Chemical Technology, University of Veszprém, 8201 Veszprém, P.O. Box 158, Hungary The mineral metatorbernite, Cu[(UO2)2(PO4)]2·8H2O, has been studied using a combination of energy dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray diffraction, dynamic and controlled rate thermal analysis techniques. X-ray diffraction shows that the starting material in the thermal decomposition is metatorbernite and the product of the thermal treatment is copper uranyl phosphate. Three steps are ob- served for the dehydration of metatorbernite. These occur at 138ºC with the loss of 1.5 moles of water, 155°C with the loss of 4.5 moles of water, 291°C with the loss of an additional 2 moles of water. These mass losses result in the formation of four phases namely meta(II)torbernite, meta(III)torbernite, meta(IV)torbernite and anhydrous hydrogen uranium copper pyrophosphate. The use of a combination of dynamic and controlled rate thermal analysis techniques enabled a definitive study of the thermal decompo- sition of metatorbernite. While the temperature ranges and the mass losses vary from author to author due to the different experi- mental conditions, the results of the CRTA analysis should be considered as standard data due to the quasi-equilibrium nature of the thermal decomposition process.
    [Show full text]
  • Geology and Mineralogy of the Ape.X Washington County, Utah
    Geology and Mineralogy of the Ape.x Germanium-Gallium Mine, Washington County, Utah Geology and Mineralogy of the Apex Germanium-Gallium Mine, Washington County, Utah By LAWRENCE R. BERNSTEIN U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1577 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DONALD PAUL HODEL, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Dallas L. Peck, Director UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON: 1986 For sale by the Distribution Branch, Text Products Section U.S. Geological Survey 604 South Pickett St. Alexandria, VA 22304 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Bernstein, Lawrence R. Geology and mineralogy of the Apex Germanium­ Gallium mine, Washington County, Utah (U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1577) Bibliography: p. 9 Supt. of Docs. no.: I 19.3:1577 1. Mines and mineral resources-Utah-Washington County. 2. Mineralogy-Utah-Washington County. 3. Geology-Utah-Wasington County. I. Title. II. Series: United States. Geological Survey. Bulletin 1577. QE75.B9 no. 1577 557.3 s 85-600355 [TN24. U8] [553' .09792'48] CONTENTS Abstract 1 Introduction 1 Germanium and gallium 1 Apex Mine 1 Acknowledgments 3 Methods 3 Geologic setting 3 Regional geology 3 Local geology 3 Ore geology 4 Mineralogy 5 Primary ore 5 Supergene ore 5 Discussion and conclusions 7 Primary ore deposition 7. Supergene alteration 8 Implications 8 References 8 FIGURES 1. Map showing location of Apex Mine and generalized geology of surrounding region 2 2. Photograph showing main adit of Apex Mine and gently dipping beds of the Callville Limestone 3 3. Geologic map showing locations of Apex and Paymaster mines and Apex fault zone 4 4. Scanning electron photomicrograph showing plumbian jarosite crystals from the 1,601-m level, Apex Mine 6 TABLES 1.
    [Show full text]
  • The Current Status of Iron Minerals in Indonesia
    THE CURRENT STATUS OF IRON MINERALS IN INDONESIA Siti Rochani, Pramusanto, Sariman and Rezky Iriansyah Anugrah R&D Centre for Mineral and Coal Technology Jalan Jenderal Sudirman 623, ph. 022-6030483, fax. 022-6003373, Bandung 40211 email : [email protected], [email protected] [email protected], [email protected] Received : 24 October 2007, first revision : 06 February 2008, second revision : 26 May 2008, accepted : June 2008 ABSTRACT Indonesia has great iron mineral resources, comprising primary iron ore (17 %), iron sand (8 %) and lateritic iron ore (75 %). Nowadays, Indonesia’s primary iron (hematite, magnetite) has not been em- powered yet, due to the scattered area of the resources location. Meanwhile, national iron sand is commonly used for cement industries and its potency has not supported national steel industries yet because of low iron content (45-48 %). However there is an opportunity to be processed by using Ausmelt process technology. At present, lateritic iron ore is being used as coal liquefaction catalyst in the form of limonite, but hydrometallurgy would be a promising solution to beneficiate lateritic iron ore for steel industries. Keywords: primary iron ore, iron sand, lateritic iron ore. potency, resources, reserves. zine; private and government-owned company web 1. INTRODUCTION site; and scientific handbook or literature. Based on the data collected, the next step is arranging Indonesia has great iron mineral resources, com- and analyzing the data to convey the mindset of prising primary iron ore (17 %), iron sand (8 %) Indonesia current iron minerals potency and sug- and lateritic iron ore (75 %).
    [Show full text]
  • A Solid Solution Series Between Xenotime (Ytp04) and Chernovite (Ytaso0
    MINERALOGICAL MAGAZINE, JUNE I973, VOL. 39, 1'I'. I45--5I A solid solution series between xenotime (YtP04) and chernovite (YtAsO0 STEFAN GRAESER Department of Mineralogy, Natural History Museum, Basel, and Mineralogical Institute, University of Basel, Switzerland HANS SCHWANDER Mineralogical Institute, University of Basel HANS A. STALDER Natural History Museum, Bern, Switzerland "SUMMARY. The mineral chernovite, described as a new mineral from the Urals by Russian minera- logists in I967 (Goldin et aL, 1967), has been found at three different localities in mineral fissures in the Binnatal, Switzerland, and a little to the south, in Italy. The mineral occurs in greenish-yellow bipyramidal crystals up to about t mm. A detailed single-crystal study of several specimens showed that the lattice constants vary considerably on either side of those published for the original cherno- vite. The refractive indices, too, display some variation. Microprobe analyses of this material, and of xenotime specimens from the same region, revealed that there exists at least partial solution between chernovite and xenotime. The three chernovite samples have molar percentages of 63"z, 73'2, and 82.o % YtAsO4 (the Urals chernovite has about 95"2 %). These studies prove the existence of an fisomorphous series between xenotime and chernovite, at least in the As-rich portion. D U RI N G the summer of I966 the mineral collector Fritz Stettler of Berne found some mineral specimens in the southern part of Binnatal that were unknown to him; he sent them to the Natural History Museum in Berne for identification. One of us (H. A. St.) studied the minerals by Debye-Scherrer diagrams and optical methods.
    [Show full text]
  • Virginia Division of Mineral Resources Minerals Of
    VIRGINIA DIVISION OF MINERAL RESOURCES PUBLICATION 89 MINERALS OF ALBEMARLE COUNTY, VIRGINIA Richard S. Mitchell and William F. Giannini COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF MINES, MINERALS AND ENERGY DIVISION OF MINERAL RESOURCES Robert C. Milici, Commissioner of Mineral Resources and State Geologist CHARLOTTESVILLE, VIRG INIA 1988 VIRGINIA DIVISION OF MINERAL RESOURCES PUBLICATION 89 MINERALS OF ALBEMARLE COUNTY, VIRGINIA Richard S. Mitchell and William F. Giannini COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF MINES, MINERALS AND ENERGY DIVISION OF MINERAL RESOURCES Robert C. Milici, Commissioner of Mineral Resources and State Geologist CHARLOTTESVILLE. VIRGINIA 1 988 VIRGINIA DIVISION OF MINERAL RESOURCES PUBLICATION 89 MINERALS OF ALBEMARLE COUNTY, VIRGINIA Richard S. Mitchell and William F. Giannini COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGINIA DEPARTMENT OF MINES, MINERALS AND ENERGY DIVISION OF MINERAL RESOURCES Robert C. Milici, Commissioner of Mineral Resources and State Geologist CHARLOTTESVILLE, VIRGINIA 19BB DEPARTMENT OF MINES, MINERALS AND ENERGY RICHMOND, VIRGIMA O. Gene Dishner, Director COMMONWEALTH OF VIRGIMA DEPARTMENT OF PURCHASES AND SUPPLY RICHMOND Copyright 1988, Commonwealth of Virginia Portions of this publication may be quoted if credit is given to the Virginia Division of Mineral Resources. CONTENTS Page I I I 2 a J A Epidote 5 5 5 Halloysite through 8 9 9 9 Limonite through l0 Magnesite through muscovite l0 ll 1l Paragonite ll 12 l4 l4 Talc through temolite-acti 15 15 l5 Teolite group throug l6 References cited l6 ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 1. Location map of I 2. 2 A 4. 6 5. Goethite 6 6. Sawn goethite pseudomorph with unreplaced pyrite center .......... 7 7. 1 8. 8 9. 10. 11.
    [Show full text]