Kampala Urban Ecological Planning Aar 4525 Fall 2013 in Situ Development Market Upgrading Sanitation
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Urban Ecological Planning AAR 4525 KAMPALA Norwegian University of Science and Technology KAMPALA URBAN ECOLOGICAL PLANNING AAR 4525 FALL 2013 IN SITU DEVELOPMENT MARKET UPGRADING SANITATION Mehran Attar Teddy Kisembo Ashish Mohan Ronald Murungi Harriet Nalule Kanutte Næss Doryne Oburah Patrick Okia Marcin Sliwa Tonje Syversen Tusubira Solomons Abigail Turinayo Karina Yudono Preface Working on a project from an office or classroom may The choice of Uganda as our destination was not natural disasters, poor sanitation and lack of access to to look into the sanitation issues in Kampala’s slum areas, definitely produce some valid conclusions, but real accidental. The country is listed as one of the 49 Least other basic services, such as health and education. review applicable technology options and propose low- change may not be possible without a direct involvement Developed Countries according to United Nations’ cost sanitation unit designs. in the issues of the affected people in the field which Developing Policy and Analysis Division (UN DESA, no We, as students and professionals at the same time, defines us as reflective practitioners. This is especially date). Since its independence in 1962 to the late 1980s, were working in the field to propose solutions to those Of course, working in a new, for most of us unknown true of the developing and industrializing countries in Uganda was affected by a series of civil wars and armed problems. As it would not be possible to tackle all of the environment was not easy and all of our groups faced the Global South where the interdependency between conflicts which had a severe impact on the country’s issues mentioned above within the resource and time many challenges, both internal and external. Cooperation formal and informal as well as between people and economy. Similarly to other nations in Eastern Africa, limits, our groups were assigned specific tasks that were with stakeholders and local authorities was not always as institutions are particularly complex and confusing. This Uganda experiences a fast population growth. Since related to a set of particular issues. Our objective was to smooth as we expected. Getting around the city during is the approach taken by the Urban Ecological Planning 1990, the population more than doubled, from 17,7 show how small and incremental interventions can foster rush hours was taking a lot of our time and using faster (UEP) masters’ programme at the Norwegian University million to around 36 million today (UN DESA, 2013). a larger change for the benefit of the entire population. alternatives was dangerous and risky. We also had to of Science and Technology. deal with power outrage issues which almost paralyzed One of the characteristic phenomena of East Africa In Kampala, we were divided into three groups, each of our work for a several days. The good news is that we This document presents the results of the field work and the entire developing world in general is rapid which consisted of both the UEP and Ugandan students managed to overcome or adapt to those issues and were conducted by the UEP students in the period of two urbanization. Uganda’s urbanization rate is ranket at from Makerere University. The first group worked on a able to finish our work on time. months between September and November 2013. This 4.7% in 2012 and its projected that by 2040 over 30% proposed Land Sharing project that is located in the slum was the fifth time that the UEP group went to Uganda in of the country’s population will be living in urban of Kisenyi III (Kiti Zone). It was a continuation of work Although our projects are formally defined as academic, order to elaborate on different projects related to urban areas (CME, 2013). Although more than half of Ugandans done by ACTogether and previous groups of students. they were not perceived as such by the slum dwellers and planning, particularly in the low-income areas. Some of still live in rural areas, every year hundreds of thousands The second group’s task was to analyze the current people we spoke to in Uganda. We feel very fortunate to the work builds on the research conducted by previous of people move into cities in hope of improving their situation and investigate options for upgrading of the be given a chance to work in the field on real life issues. groups of students, both from UEP and others. economic status and find new opportunities. In case of Kinawataka Market in Kinawataka slum neighborhood, We are also excited about the opportunity that some of Uganda, the main destination is Kampala which is by located in Nakawa Division. The last group was assigned our proposals may eventually be implemented. There are two major differences between the 2013 field far the country’s largest city and its administrative and work and previous field works. The first was that this financial centre. The entire urban agglomeration of time our projects were predefined by the Shack/Slum Kampala has a population of about 1.9 million people Dwellers International and their affiliated local NGO with an annual growth rate of around 5% (KCCA, 2012). ACTogether, which is dedicated to support infrastructure It is located on hilly terrain at an altitude of about 1,300 upgrading in low-income settlements and organize m above sea level, on the north shore of Lake Victoria. A community savings groups. The second difference large proportion of the population (40-70%) lives in low- was that the students were divided into two different income informal settlements (UN Habitat, 2007). locations: Kampala - the capital of Uganda, and Jinja - a ‘secondary city’ located 70 km outside of Kampala. This People living in those slums are faced with a number report covers the work conducted by the groups who of issues that require urgent intervention, including were based in the City of Kampala. poverty, overcrowding, unemployment, crime, evictions, Locations of main project sites and case studies in Kampala, Uganda. Acronyms KAWEMPE BOU BOU Bank of Uganda Bwaise Kalimali Sanitation CBR CBR Cost-Benefit Analysis CBO CBO Community-Based Organization CSO CSO Community Support Organization Kalerwe Sanitation NAKAWA KCC KCC Kampala City Council KCCA KCCA Kampala Capital City Authority KWSF KWSF Kampala Water and Sanitation Forum Lubigi Waste Treatment Plant MATIP MATIP Markets and Agricultural Trade Improvement Programme Kinawataka Market MGLSDMGLSD Ministry of Gender, Labour and Social Development (Uganda) MOFPEDMOFPED Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development (Uganda) KAMPALA MOES MOES Ministry of Education and Sports (Uganda) CENTRAL MOH MOH Ministry of Health (Uganda) MOLG MOLG Ministry of Local Governments (Uganda) MLHUDMLHUD Ministry of Land, Housing and Urban Development (Uganda) Kisenyi Land Sharing RUBAGA MWE MWE Ministry of Water and Environment (Uganda) NGO NGO Non-governmental Organization NSDFUNSDFU National Slum Dwellers Federation Uganda NTNU NTNU Norwegian University of Science and Technology (Trondheim, Norway) NWSC NWSC National Water and Sewage Corporation (Uganda) MAKINDYE PMC PMC Project Management Committee SDI SDI Shack / Slum Dwellers International UEP UEP Urban Ecological Planning program at the NTNU Lake Victoria UGX UGX Ugandan Shilling USD USD United States Dollar 0 0.5 1 2 3 4 km Table of contents In Situ Redevelopment Project ...................................................................................................................................1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................2 Background Research ...........................................................................................................................................10 Site Dynamics........................................................................................................................................................16 Design Approach ...................................................................................................................................................22 Financial Analysis ..................................................................................................................................................30 Stakeholders and Their Roles ................................................................................................................................35 The Way Forward ..................................................................................................................................................37 Kinawataka market redevelopment project .........................................................................................................41 Introduction to fieldwork ......................................................................................................................................42 Market development in Uganda ..............................................................................................................................47 Case studies ..........................................................................................................................................................55 Context and site ....................................................................................................................................................61 Design development .............................................................................................................................................67