Interaction Between a Novel Oligopeptide Fragment of the Human Neurotrophin Receptor Trkb Ectodomain D5 and the C-Terminal Fragment of Tetanus Neurotoxin
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Genome-Wide Association Identifies Candidate Genes That Influence The
Genome-wide association identifies candidate genes that influence the human electroencephalogram Colin A. Hodgkinsona,1, Mary-Anne Enocha, Vibhuti Srivastavaa, Justine S. Cummins-Omana, Cherisse Ferriera, Polina Iarikovaa, Sriram Sankararamanb, Goli Yaminia, Qiaoping Yuana, Zhifeng Zhoua, Bernard Albaughc, Kenneth V. Whitea, Pei-Hong Shena, and David Goldmana aLaboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Rockville, MD 20852; bComputer Science Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720; and cCenter for Human Behavior Studies, Weatherford, OK 73096 Edited* by Raymond L. White, University of California, Emeryville, CA, and approved March 31, 2010 (received for review July 23, 2009) Complex psychiatric disorders are resistant to whole-genome reflects rhythmic electrical activity of the brain. EEG patterns analysis due to genetic and etiological heterogeneity. Variation in dynamically and quantitatively index cortical activation, cognitive resting electroencephalogram (EEG) is associated with common, function, and state of consciousness. EEG traits were among the complex psychiatric diseases including alcoholism, schizophrenia, original intermediate phenotypes in neuropsychiatry, having been and anxiety disorders, although not diagnostic for any of them. EEG first recorded in humans in 1924 by Hans Berger, who documented traits for an individual are stable, variable between individuals, and the α rhythm, seen maximally during states of relaxation with eyes moderately to highly heritable. Such intermediate phenotypes closed, and supplanted by faster β waves during mental activity. appear to be closer to underlying molecular processes than are EEG can be used clinically for the evaluation and differential di- clinical symptoms, and represent an alternative approach for the agnosis of epilepsy and sleep disorders, differentiation of en- identification of genetic variation that underlies complex psychiat- cephalopathy from catatonia, assessment of depth of anesthesia, ric disorders. -
Biological Toxins As the Potential Tools for Bioterrorism
International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Biological Toxins as the Potential Tools for Bioterrorism Edyta Janik 1, Michal Ceremuga 2, Joanna Saluk-Bijak 1 and Michal Bijak 1,* 1 Department of General Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/143, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; [email protected] (E.J.); [email protected] (J.S.-B.) 2 CBRN Reconnaissance and Decontamination Department, Military Institute of Chemistry and Radiometry, Antoniego Chrusciela “Montera” 105, 00-910 Warsaw, Poland; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] or [email protected]; Tel.: +48-(0)426354336 Received: 3 February 2019; Accepted: 3 March 2019; Published: 8 March 2019 Abstract: Biological toxins are a heterogeneous group produced by living organisms. One dictionary defines them as “Chemicals produced by living organisms that have toxic properties for another organism”. Toxins are very attractive to terrorists for use in acts of bioterrorism. The first reason is that many biological toxins can be obtained very easily. Simple bacterial culturing systems and extraction equipment dedicated to plant toxins are cheap and easily available, and can even be constructed at home. Many toxins affect the nervous systems of mammals by interfering with the transmission of nerve impulses, which gives them their high potential in bioterrorist attacks. Others are responsible for blockage of main cellular metabolism, causing cellular death. Moreover, most toxins act very quickly and are lethal in low doses (LD50 < 25 mg/kg), which are very often lower than chemical warfare agents. For these reasons we decided to prepare this review paper which main aim is to present the high potential of biological toxins as factors of bioterrorism describing the general characteristics, mechanisms of action and treatment of most potent biological toxins. -
Role of Coiled-Coil Registry Shifts in Activation of Human Bicaudal D2 for Dynein Recruitment Upon Cargo-Binding
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/638536; this version posted May 15, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Role of coiled-coil registry shifts in activation of human Bicaudal D2 for dynein recruitment upon cargo-binding Crystal R. Noell,1,4 Jia Ying Loh, 1,4 Erik W. Debler,2 Kyle M. Loftus,1 Heying Cui,1 Blaine B. Russ,1 Puja Goyal,1,* Sozanne R. Solmaz1,3,* 1Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton, Binghamton, NY 13902 2Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107. 3Lead contact. 4First author equally contributed *To whom the correspondence should be addressed: Sozanne R Solmaz Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton PO Box 6000 Binghamton NY 13902 [email protected] +1 607 777 2089 Puja Goyal Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Binghamton PO Box 6000 Binghamton NY 13902 [email protected] +1 607 777 4308 1 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/638536; this version posted May 15, 2019. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Highlights • Stable, bona fide BicD2 coiled-coils with distinct registries can be formed. • We provide evidence that a human disease mutation causes a coiled-coil registry shift. • A coiled-coil registry shift could relieve BicD2-autoinhibition upon cargo-binding. • The ability to undergo registry shifts may be an inherent property of coiled-coils. -
Engineering Botulinum Neurotoxins for Enhanced Therapeutic Applications and Vaccine Development
toxins Review Engineering Botulinum Neurotoxins for Enhanced Therapeutic Applications and Vaccine Development Christine Rasetti-Escargueil * and Michel R. Popoff Toxines Bacteriennes, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) show increasing therapeutic applications ranging from treatment of locally paralyzed muscles to cosmetic benefits. At first, in the 1970s, BoNT was used for the treatment of strabismus, however, nowadays, BoNT has multiple medical applications including the treatment of muscle hyperactivity such as strabismus, dystonia, movement disorders, hemifacial spasm, essential tremor, tics, cervical dystonia, cerebral palsy, as well as secretory disorders (hyperhidrosis, sialorrhea) and pain syndromes such as chronic migraine. This review summarizes current knowledge related to engineering of botulinum toxins, with particular emphasis on their potential therapeutic applications for pain management and for retargeting to non-neuronal tissues. Advances in molecular biology have resulted in generating modified BoNTs with the potential to act in a variety of disorders, however, in addition to the modifications of well characterized toxinotypes, the diversity of the wild type BoNT toxinotypes or subtypes, provides the basis for innovative BoNT- based therapeutics and research tools. This expanding BoNT superfamily forms the foundation for new toxins candidates in a wider range of therapeutic options. Keywords: botulinum neurotoxin; Clostridium botulinum; therapeutic application; recombinant toxin; toxin engineering Key Contribution: Botulinum neurotoxins (BoNTs) are the deadliest toxins with an increasing number of medical applications. The generation of modified BoNTs has provided innovative tools Citation: Rasetti-Escargueil, C.; Popoff, for specific medical applications. M.R. Engineering Botulinum Neuro- toxins for Enhanced Therapeutic Ap- plications and Vaccine Development. -
Lllostridium Botulinum Neurotoxinl I H
MICROBIOLOGICAL REVIEWS, Sept. 1980, p. 419-448 Vol. 44, No. 3 0146-0749/80/03-0419/30$0!)V/0 Lllostridium botulinum Neurotoxinl I H. WJGIYAMA Food Research Institute and Department ofBacteriology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 INTRODUCTION ........ .. 419 PATHOGENIC FORMS OF BOTULISM ........................................ 420 Food Poisoning ............................................ 420 Wound Botulism ............................................ 420 Infant Botulism ............................................ 420 CULTURES AND TOXIN TYPES ............................................ 422 Culture-Toxin Relationships ............................................ 422 Culture Groups ............................................ 422 GENETICS OF TOXIN PRODUCTION ......................................... 423 ASSAY OF TOXIN ............................................ 423 In Vivo Quantitation ............................................ 424 Infant-Potent Toxin ............................................ 424 Serological Assays ............................................ 424 TOXIC COMPLEXES ............................................ 425 Complexes 425 Structure of Complexes ...................................................... 425 Antigenicity and Reconstitution .......................... 426 Significance of Complexes .......................... 426 Nomenclature ........................ 427 NEUROTOXIN ..... 427 Molecular Weight ................... 427 Specific Toxicity ................... 428 Small Toxin .................. -
Supplementary Materials
Supplementary materials Supplementary Table S1: MGNC compound library Ingredien Molecule Caco- Mol ID MW AlogP OB (%) BBB DL FASA- HL t Name Name 2 shengdi MOL012254 campesterol 400.8 7.63 37.58 1.34 0.98 0.7 0.21 20.2 shengdi MOL000519 coniferin 314.4 3.16 31.11 0.42 -0.2 0.3 0.27 74.6 beta- shengdi MOL000359 414.8 8.08 36.91 1.32 0.99 0.8 0.23 20.2 sitosterol pachymic shengdi MOL000289 528.9 6.54 33.63 0.1 -0.6 0.8 0 9.27 acid Poricoic acid shengdi MOL000291 484.7 5.64 30.52 -0.08 -0.9 0.8 0 8.67 B Chrysanthem shengdi MOL004492 585 8.24 38.72 0.51 -1 0.6 0.3 17.5 axanthin 20- shengdi MOL011455 Hexadecano 418.6 1.91 32.7 -0.24 -0.4 0.7 0.29 104 ylingenol huanglian MOL001454 berberine 336.4 3.45 36.86 1.24 0.57 0.8 0.19 6.57 huanglian MOL013352 Obacunone 454.6 2.68 43.29 0.01 -0.4 0.8 0.31 -13 huanglian MOL002894 berberrubine 322.4 3.2 35.74 1.07 0.17 0.7 0.24 6.46 huanglian MOL002897 epiberberine 336.4 3.45 43.09 1.17 0.4 0.8 0.19 6.1 huanglian MOL002903 (R)-Canadine 339.4 3.4 55.37 1.04 0.57 0.8 0.2 6.41 huanglian MOL002904 Berlambine 351.4 2.49 36.68 0.97 0.17 0.8 0.28 7.33 Corchorosid huanglian MOL002907 404.6 1.34 105 -0.91 -1.3 0.8 0.29 6.68 e A_qt Magnogrand huanglian MOL000622 266.4 1.18 63.71 0.02 -0.2 0.2 0.3 3.17 iolide huanglian MOL000762 Palmidin A 510.5 4.52 35.36 -0.38 -1.5 0.7 0.39 33.2 huanglian MOL000785 palmatine 352.4 3.65 64.6 1.33 0.37 0.7 0.13 2.25 huanglian MOL000098 quercetin 302.3 1.5 46.43 0.05 -0.8 0.3 0.38 14.4 huanglian MOL001458 coptisine 320.3 3.25 30.67 1.21 0.32 0.9 0.26 9.33 huanglian MOL002668 Worenine -
PERFECTION, WRETCHED, NORMAL, and NOWHERE: a REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY of AMERICAN TELEVISION SETTINGS by G. Scott Campbell Submitted T
PERFECTION, WRETCHED, NORMAL, AND NOWHERE: A REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY OF AMERICAN TELEVISION SETTINGS BY G. Scott Campbell Submitted to the graduate degree program in Geography and the Graduate Faculty of the University of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. ______________________________ Chairperson Committee members* _____________________________* _____________________________* _____________________________* _____________________________* Date defended ___________________ The Dissertation Committee for G. Scott Campbell certifies that this is the approved version of the following dissertation: PERFECTION, WRETCHED, NORMAL, AND NOWHERE: A REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY OF AMERICAN TELEVISION SETTINGS Committee: Chairperson* Date approved: ii ABSTRACT Drawing inspiration from numerous place image studies in geography and other social sciences, this dissertation examines the senses of place and regional identity shaped by more than seven hundred American television series that aired from 1947 to 2007. Each state‘s relative share of these programs is described. The geographic themes, patterns, and images from these programs are analyzed, with an emphasis on identity in five American regions: the Mid-Atlantic, New England, the Midwest, the South, and the West. The dissertation concludes with a comparison of television‘s senses of place to those described in previous studies of regional identity. iii For Sue iv CONTENTS List of Tables vi Acknowledgments vii 1. Introduction 1 2. The Mid-Atlantic 28 3. New England 137 4. The Midwest, Part 1: The Great Lakes States 226 5. The Midwest, Part 2: The Trans-Mississippi Midwest 378 6. The South 450 7. The West 527 8. Conclusion 629 Bibliography 664 v LIST OF TABLES 1. Television and Population Shares 25 2. -
Poisonous Mushrooms
POISONOUS MUSHROOMS DR. SURANJANA SARKAR ASSISTANT PROFESSOR IN BOTANY, SURENDRANATH COLLEGE, KOLKATA Dr. Suranjana Sarkar, SNC INTRODUCTION It was difficult not to since eating wild mushrooms and mushroom poisoning seem to be closely related subjects. This is a rather important topic since mushrooms have apparently been gathered for eating throughout the world, for thousands of years, and it is also likely that during that time many people became ill or died when they inadvertently consumed poisonous mushrooms. Because some mushrooms were known to cause death when consumed, they were also known to be used by assassins. Dr. Suranjana Sarkar, SNC Used as Poison in Assassinations and Murders The most famous of all planned murders was that of Emperor Claudius by his fourth wife, Agrippina, The Younger (also his niece!). The story behind this assassination, as well as the political intrigue that was present during this period of the Roman Empire would have made a great mini series or soap opera. Claudius became emperor, in 41 A.D., following the assassination of his nephew Caligula, and married Agrippina, his fourth wife, after disposing of Messalina, his third wife, for adultery. Agrippina came into the marriage with Nero, a son from a previous marriage and wanted him to follow Claudius as emperor. Agrippina persuaded him to adopt her son so that Nero would be in line to become emperor. Once Nero was adopted, Agrippina plotted to kill Claudius, which involved a number of people. Although ClaudiusDr. Suranjana Sarkar,had SNCa son, Brittanicus, by Messalina, and should have succeeded him as emperor, Claudius shielded him from the responsibilities as heir to the throne and promoted Nero as his successor. -
Botulism Manual
Preface This report, which updates handbooks issued in 1969, 1973, and 1979, reviews the epidemiology of botulism in the United States since 1899, the problems of clinical and laboratory diagnosis, and the current concepts of treatment. It was written in response to a need for a comprehensive and current working manual for epidemiologists, clinicians, and laboratory workers. We acknowledge the contributions in the preparation of this review of past and present physicians, veterinarians, and staff of the Foodborne and Diarrheal Diseases Branch, Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases (DBMD), National Center for Infectious Diseases (NCID). The excellent review of Drs. K.F. Meyer and B. Eddie, "Fifty Years of Botulism in the United States,"1 is the source of all statistical information for 1899-1949. Data for 1950-1996 are derived from outbreaks reported to CDC. Suggested citation Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Botulism in the United States, 1899-1996. Handbook for Epidemiologists, Clinicians, and Laboratory Workers, Atlanta, GA. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 1998. 1 Meyer KF, Eddie B. Fifty years of botulism in the U.S. and Canada. George Williams Hooper Foundation, University of California, San Francisco, 1950. 1 Dedication This handbook is dedicated to Dr. Charles Hatheway (1932-1998), who served as Chief of the National Botulism Surveillance and Reference Laboratory at CDC from 1975 to 1997. Dr. Hatheway devoted his professional life to the study of botulism; his depth of knowledge and scientific integrity were known worldwide. He was a true humanitarian and served as mentor and friend to countless epidemiologists, research scientists, students, and laboratory workers. -
Clio 2019 Was Funded in Part by the College of Arts & Letters’ Student- Faculty Collaboration Grant
Clio California State University, Sacramento Student History Journal Clio | Vol. 29, 2019 Phi Alpha Theta California State University, Sacramento Clio Volume 29, Spring 2019 The Annual Publication of Phi Alpha Theta, Rho Xi Chapter Department of History, College of Arts & Letters California State University, Sacramento Clio Editor-in-Chief Janis Pope Editorial Staff Sarah Dutcher Taylor Adam Bardaro Laurie Frazier Timothy Anderson Samuel Bein Brett Coker Emma Sullivan Jacob Jennerjohn Mathew Jones Brittany Nath Joshua Lourence Billy Febuary Shea Cooley Cuauhtemoc Morales Clio 2019 was funded in part by the College of Arts & Letters’ Student- Faculty Collaboration Grant. It was also made possible through generous support from: California State University, Sacramento Peer & Academic Resource Center College of Arts & Letters President Robert Nelson History Department Faculty Dr. Aaron J. Cohen Dr. Nikolaos Lazaridis Dr. Brendan Lindsay Dr. Mona Siegel Dr. Sherry Fields Dr. Jim Rose Dr. Jeffrey Wilson Students, Alumni, Friends, and Family Adam Bardaro Brett Coker James Wheeler Gena Rhoades Jackie Pope R. Moses Perez Cover Photo: Courtesy of Janis Pope © Clio 2019 – All rights reserved. No part of this journal may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, except for the inclusion of brief quotations in a review of study, without prior permission in writing from the publishers and the student author. Copyright reverts to each author upon further publication of his or her article. Department of History, Tahoe Hall 3080 California State University, Sacramento 6000 J Street Sacramento, CA 95819-6059 Letter from the Editor It is with great pleasure that I present the twenty-ninth volume of Clio, the award-winning, student-run history journal of California State University, Sacramento (CSUS). -
Cargo Specific Regulation of Cytoplasmic Dynein by Effector Proteins
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2018 Cargo Specific Regulation Of Cytoplasmic Dynein By Effector Proteins Mara Olenick University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the Biochemistry Commons, Biophysics Commons, and the Cell Biology Commons Recommended Citation Olenick, Mara, "Cargo Specific Regulation Of Cytoplasmic Dynein By Effector Proteins" (2018). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 3167. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/3167 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/3167 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Cargo Specific Regulation Of Cytoplasmic Dynein By Effector Proteins Abstract Axonal transport is vital for the development and survival of neurons. The transport of cargo and organelles from the axon to the cell body is driven almost completely by the molecular motor, cytoplasmic dynein. Yet, it remains unclear how dynein is spatially and temporally regulated given the variety of cargo that must be properly localized to maintain cellular function. Previous work has suggested that adaptor proteins provide a mechanism for cargo-specific egulationr of motors. During my thesis work, I have investigated the role of mammalian Hook proteins, Hook1 and Hook3, as potential motor adaptors. Using optogenetic and single molecule assays, I found that Hook proteins interact with both dynein and dynactin, to effectively activate dynein motility, inducing longer run lengths and higher velocities than the previously characterized dynein activator, BICD2. In addition, I found that complex formation requires the N-terminal domain of Hook proteins, which resembles the calponin-homology domain of EB proteins yet cannot bind directly to microtubules. -
Α-LATROTOXIN and ITS RECEPTORS: Neurexins
P1: FQP April 4, 2001 18:17 Annual Reviews AR121-30 Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 2001. 24:933–62 Copyright c 2001 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved -LATROTOXIN AND ITS RECEPTORS: Neurexins and CIRL/Latrophilins ThomasCSudhof¨ Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Center for Basic Neuroscience, and the Department of Molecular Genetics, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, Texas 75390-9111, e-mail: [email protected] Key Words neurotransmitter release, synaptic vesicles, exocytosis, membrane fusion, synaptic cell adhesion ■ Abstract -Latrotoxin, a potent neurotoxin from black widow spider venom, triggers synaptic vesicle exocytosis from presynaptic nerve terminals. -Latrotoxin is a large protein toxin (120 kDa) that contains 22 ankyrin repeats. In stimulating exocytosis, -latrotoxin binds to two distinct families of neuronal cell-surface receptors, neurexins and CLs (Cirl/latrophilins), which probably have a physiological function in synaptic cell adhesion. Binding of -latrotoxin to these receptors does not in itself trigger exocytosis but serves to recruit the toxin to the synapse. Receptor-bound -latrotoxin then inserts into the presynaptic plasma membrane to stimulate exocytosis by two dis- tinct transmitter-specific mechanisms. Exocytosis of classical neurotransmitters (glu- tamate, GABA, acetylcholine) is induced in a calcium-independent manner by a direct intracellular action of -latrotoxin, while exocytosis of catecholamines requires extra- cellular calcium. Elucidation of precisely how -latrotoxin works is likely to provide major insight into how synaptic vesicle exocytosis is regulated, and how the release machineries of classical and catecholaminergic neurotransmitters differ. by SCELC Trial on 09/09/11. For personal use only. INTRODUCTION Annu. Rev. Neurosci. 2001.24:933-962.