Thomas Hardy and History, DOI 10.1007/978-3-319-54175-4 230 FURTHER READING

FURTHER READING

(In the notes at the end of each chapter, full citation is supplied for published and unpublished sources consulted. These are not repeated in the following list, which refers to works that I have found helpful for a wider understanding of Hardy criticism and the history of Victorian Britain. As in the notes, place of publication is in the United Kingdom unless otherwise indicated.)

(A) BOOKS Biagini, E. F., Liberty, Retrenchement and Reform: Popular Liberalism in the Age of Gladstone 1860–1880 (Cambridge, 1992). Bivona, D., Desire and Contradiction: Imperial Visions and Domestic Debates in Victorian Literature (Manchester, 1990). Bjork L. A. (ed.), The Literary Notebooks of Thomas Hardy (Vol. 2, Basingstoke, 1985). Briggs, A., The Age of Improvement, 1783–1867 (Harlowe, 1959, 2nd edn, 2000) Broadie, A., The Scottish Enlightenment (Edinburgh, 2nd edn, 2007). Brown, D., Palmerston: A Biography (London, 2010). Burrow, J. B., A History of Histories: Epics, Chronicles, Romances and Inquiries from Heroditus and Thucydides to the Twentieth Century (London, 2007). Bullen, J. B. (ed.), The Sun Is God: Painting, Literature and Mythology in the Nineteenth Century (Oxford, 1989). Cain, M. J., The Philosophy of Cognitive Science (London, 2016). Cain, P. J. and Hopkins, A. G., British Imperialism, 1682–1800 (1st edn, 2 vols, London, 1993; 2nd edn, Harlowe, 2002). Chamberlain, M. E., Lord Palmerston (Cardiff, 1987).

Chambers, J., Palmerston, The Peoples Darling (London, 2004). Collini, S., English Pasts: Essays in History and Culture (Oxford, 1999). Colloms, B., Charles Kingsley, The Lion of Eversley (London, 1975). Cook, C., The Routledge Companion to Christian History (London, 2008). Corsi, P., Science and Religion: Baden Powell and the Anglican Debate, 1800–1860 (Cambridge, 1988). Daunton, M. J., Progress and Poverty: An Economic and Social History of Britain, 1700–1850 (Oxford, 1995). Daunton, M. J., Wealth and Welfare: An Economic and Social History of Britain, 1851–1951 (Oxford, 2007). Davy, D., Thomas Hardy and British Poetry (London, 1973). Delaura, D. J., Hebrew and Helene in Victorian England: Newman, Arnold and Pater (London, 1969). Distad, N.M., Guessing at Truth: The Life of Julius Charles Hare, 1795–1895 (Sheperdstown, U.S.A, 1979). Ebbatson, R., An Imaginary England: Nation, Landscape and Literature, 1840–1920 (Aldershot, 2005). Farwell, B., Queen Victoria’s Little Wars (London, 1973). Ford, M., Thomas Hardy, Half a Londonder (Cambridge, M.A., 2016). Freeden, M., The New Liberalism: An Ideology of Social Reform (Oxford, 1978). Gilley, S., Newman and His Age (London, 2003). Gittings, R., The Older Hardy (London, 1980). Gittings, R., Young Thomas Hardy (London, 1975, revd edn, 1978) Hall, C. and Rose, S., At Home with the Empire (Cambridge, 2006). Hands, T., Thomas Hardy, Distracted Preacher: Hardy’s Religious Biography and Its Influence on His Novels (London, 1989). Hardman, M., Six Victorian Thinkers (Manchester, 1991). Harris, J., Hume: An Intellectual Biography (Cambridge, 2015). Harris, J., Private Lives, Public Spirit: A Social History of Britain, 1870–1914 (Oxford, 1993) Higgonet, M. R. (ed.), The Sense of Sex: Feminist Perspectives on Hardy (Chicago, U.S.A, 1993). Hilton, B., The Age of Atonement: The Influence of Evangelicalism on Social and Economic Thoght, 1795–1865 (Oxford, 1988). Hinchcliff, P., Frederick Temple, Archbishop of Canterbury: ALife(Oxford, 1998). Hobsbawm, E. J., The Age of Empire (London, 1987). Holloway, J., The Victorian Sage: Studies in Argument (London, 1953). Holmes, R., Coleridge, I: Early Visions (London, 1989); II: Darker Reflections (London, 1998). Holmes, R., Shelley: The Pursuit (New York, U.S.A, 1974, repr. 1994). Howe, I., Thomas Hardy (London, 1968). FURTHER READING 231

Hughes, W., The Maniac in the Cellar: Sensation Novels of the 1860s (Guildford, 1980). Hunt, T., Building Jerusalem: The Rise and Fall of the Victorian City (London, 2004). Jedrzejewski, J., Thomas Hardy and the Church (London, 1996). Kelly, T., A History of Adult Education in Great Britain (3rd edn, Liverpool, 1992). McDonald, E. D. (ed.), The Posthumous Papers of D. H. Lawrence (London, 1967). Mandelbaum, M., History, Man and Reason: A Study in Nineteenth-Century Thought (Baltimore, U.S.A., 1991). Miller, J. Hillis, Thomas Hardy: Distance and Desire (Oxford, 1970). Morgan, R., Women and Sexuality in the Novels of Thomas Hardy (London, 1988). Newman, J. H., Newman’s Apologia Pro Vita Sua: The Two Versions of 1864 and 1865, ed. W. Ward (Oxford, 1913). Norton D. F. and Taylor J. (eds), The Cambridge Companion to Hume (Cambridge, 1999, 2nd edn, 2009). Parsons, E. (ed.), Religion in Victorian Britain, I: Traditions (Manchester, 1988). Parson, E. (ed.), Religion in Victorian Britain, II: Controversies (Manchester, 1988). Pinion, F. B., A Hardy Companion: A Guide to the Works of Thomas Hardy and their Background (London, 1968). Pinion, F. B., Thomas Hardy: Art and Thought (Basingstoke, 1977). Porter, B., The Absent Minded Imperialists: Empire, Society and Culture in Britain (Oxford, 2004). Price, R., British Society, 1680–1880 (Cambridge, 1999). Roberts, A., Napoleon the Great (London, 2014, pbk edn., 2015) Robinson, R. and Gallagher, J., Africa and the Victorians (London, 1961). Seldon, R. and Widdowson, R., A Reader’s Guide to Contemporary Literary Theory (Hemel Hempstead, 1993). John-Stevas, N. St, Walter Bagehot: A Study of His Life and Thought (London, 1959). Summerscale, K., Mrs. Robinson’s Disgrace: The Private Diary of a Victorian Lady (London, 2012). Tholfsen, T. R., Working Class Radicalism in Mid-Victorian England (London, 1976). Thompson, F. M. L., The Rise of Respectable Society: A Social History of Victorian Britain, 1830–1890 (London, 1988). Tosh, J., A Man’s Place: Masculinity and the Middle-Class Home in Victorian England (London, 1999). Vance, N., The Victorians and Ancient Rome (Oxford, 1997). 232 FURTHER READING

Waterman, A. N. C., Revolution, Economics and Religion: Christian Political Economy, 1798–1893 (Cambridge, 1999). Weiler, P., The New Liberalism: Liberal Social Theory in Great Britain, 1889–1914 (New York, 1989). Williams, M., Thomas Hardy and Rural England (London, 1972). Zeitler, M. A., Representations of Culture: Thomas Hardy’s Wessex and Victorian Anthropology (Oxford, 2007).

(B) ARTICLES Anderson, O., ‘The growth of Christian militarism in Mid-Victorian Britain’, English Historical Review, 86, 1971, pp. 46–72. Chapman, ‘“Arguing about the eastward position”: Thomas Hardy and Puseyism’, Nineteenth-Century Fiction, 42, 1987, pp. 275–294. Davis, W. J., ‘Happy days in Jude the Obscure: Hardy and the Crawford–Dilke divorce case’, Thomas Hardy Journal, 13, 1, 1997, pp. 64–74. Cunningham, H., ‘Jingoism in 1877–1878’, Victorian Studies, 14, 4, 1971, pp. 429–453. D’Arcy, F. A., ‘Charles Bradlaugh and the English republican movement, 1868– 1878’, Historical Journal, 25, 1982, pp. 367–383. INDEX

A C Arnold, Thomas on the late-manhood Chapman and Hall, 87 crisis of English Church of England Reform, proposals civilisation, 26–27 of Thomas Arnold, 9, 24, 26–27, Asquith, Herbert Henry, 32, 45–46, 51, 62, 106, 107, 152, 162 120, 121, 123, 125, 176, 219 Austro-Prussian war, 130 Churchill, Randolph Lord, 151, 159–161, 202 Comte, Auguste: B in ‘Candour in English ’ Bagehot, Walter: Fiction , 179, 199 Estimates of Some Englishmen in Far from the Madding and Scotchmen, 37–40 Crowd, 92, 141, 205 on Liberal Anglicanism, 51 in Jude the Obscure, 205 on literature as history, 40 in The Mayor of Casterbridge, 8, on romantic poets, 134, 180, 181 38–39 in A Pair of Blue Eyes, 116 on Shakespeare, positivist philosophy of history, 8 ’ – 38–40 in Tess of the d Urbervilles, 205 206 on Shelley, 38–39 Curzon, George Lord, 165, 170, Birth control movement, 81, 174n26 221–222, 226 Bradlaugh, Charles, 86 Broad Church, 19, 26–27, 122, D 123, 184 Denison case, 27 emergence in 1850s, Dilke, Sir Charles, 69–70, 80, 106, 26–27 107, 162, 178, 182

Dilke, Sir Charles (cont.) E as government minister under Essays and Reviews, 9, 19, 35, 37, 41, Gladstone, 69 43–51, 79, 219 Crawford v., 69–70 Baden Powell’s essay, 43, 48 Disraeli, Benjamin, 99, 106–107, Frederick Temple’s essay, 43–44, 120–121, 141–142, 145–146, 219 161, 166, 169 Evangelicals as faction in Church of Eastern Question, 142, England, 29, 39 145, 169 ﬁrst Jewish Prime Minister, 120 general election 1874, 106 F imperialist rehtoric 1872, 141 Fathers of the Church, 29, 30, 32, 78, and policy in ofﬁce 1874–6, 141 80, 212 Drysdale, George Franco-Prussian war early life, 62 course of, 21, 50, 53, 79, 171, Elements of Social Science, 9, 61, 62, 199, 207 80, 91, 131, 185 German Empire consequence, 104; in Desperate Remedies, effect of on Hardy, 10; pro- 89, 92 Prussian before creation in Far from the Madding Crowd, 92, of, 103; reversal of 141, 205, 206 support, 107 on the ‘golden age’, 66 Fawcett, Millicent, Hardy to, 220 in Jude the Obscure, Feminine wisdom, 210–213, 218, 206, 218 220–221 on Malthus, 62 in Far from the Madding on marriage laws, 10, 65, 80, 81, Crowd, 136 82, 128, 162 in Jude the Obscure, 218 in The Mayor of Casterbridge, 185, 187, 192 on Neo-Malthusianism, 9, 61, 219 in A Pair of Blue Eyes, 109 G on religion, 10, 58, 63–65, 68, Gladstone, William Ewart 80, 91, 177, 182, 213, 220, death of Gordon, 148 225, 226 Eastern question, 142, 145, 169 on romantic love in poetry, 89–90, Egyptian occupation, 150 93–94, 109, 204 general election 1874, 106, 121 on sex education, 66, 192 general election 1880, 146 in Tess of the d’Urbervilles, 206, Midlothian campaign, 146 208, 219 New Liberalism, 145 in Under the Greenwood Tree, 92 Public Worship Regulation in The Woodlanders, Act, 120–121 185, 187 Golden Jubilee, 155 INDEX 235

H and Earlier, 225; in the later Hardy, Emma, 105, 168 tragic novels, 5, 171, 175, 180; Hardy, Thomas in The Mayor of Casterbridge, 6, on Churchill, Randolph 134, 175, 180, 181, 190 Lord, 158–161, 202 on Napoleonic wars, 143 on class alienation in England, 120 on New Imperialism, 34, 149, on death of Gordon, 148 165–166, 205 on Eastern question, 142, 145, 169 on Newman’s Apologia pro Vita on faction in church and state, 70 Sua, 50 on feminism, 5 on the novel, 3, 5, 7, 85–87, 89–90, on fiction as historical writing, 7–9, 93, 113, 116, 128, 186, 41, 171, 218, 221; as means to 199, 217 promote social on occupation of Egypt, 147 regeneration, 55, 56, 132 as Palmerstonian patriot, 143, first three published novels 145, 149 retrospect, 87 on passion in history, 37 on food tribunals in First World on pessimism vs. optimism, 6, 22, War, 226 52, 171–172, 175, 178, friendship with Horace Moule, 214 216, 225 on gender, 2, 4–7, 178, 217 politics in early 1870s, 107 on Gladstone in 1886, 147 on Providentialism, 9, 35, 50, 51 as Gladstonian Liberal, 10, 145, 162 on reason in history, 7, 8, 63 on home rule for Ireland, 34 on repeal of corn laws, 60 idiosyncratic mode of regard, 12, 227 on revolution, 7, 10, 22, 24–25, 45, influence of Bagehot, 50;of 53, 55, 57, 65, 79, 85, Comte, 8, 10, 57–58, 86, 86, 99, 101, 105, 107, 155, 132–133, 179, 199, 209;of 158, 172, 178, 193, 199, Drysdale, 10, 61, 67, 70, 109, 217–218, 220 135, 182, 185, 186;of on romanticism in fiction, 200 Hume, 50; of John Stuart on Salisbury Lord, 159–161, Mill, 73; of Liberal Anglican 164–167, 169–170 idea of history, 9, 87, 141;of on satire, 10, 26, 85, 87, 89, 90, 93, Richard Whately, 50, 131 109, 119, 120, 122, 124, 201 on Joseph Arch, 148–149, 151, silence on, 146 171–172n5 on South African War, 165–168, 171 on Joseph Chamberlain, 148, 150, on Tess of the d’urbervilles 159–161 controversy, 164 loss of faith, 9, 37, 57, 177 in The Woodlanders, 185, 187, with Marie Stopes, 226 191, 193 on meliorism as philosophy of youthful radicalism, 59 history, 10, 11, 194, 226; Hardy criticism in ‘Apologiaa’ to Late Lyrics gender and, 5–6 236 INDEX

Hardy criticism (cont.) in Jude the Obscure, 172, 206, millennial, 8, 11 209–222 new approaches to, 1–2 in The Mayor of Casterbridge, postcolonial, 6–7 175–182, 190 revolutionary, 3–4 in Millman, 19, 22, 23, 26, Hare, Julius Charles, 25–26 30–32, 55 Henniker, Florence, 168 as substratum, 9, 225, 227 History in W. Bagehot’s Estimates, 9, in Tess of the d’Urbervilles, 200, 19, 35, 40, 46, 49, 79 201–209, 219 Historical writing, paradigms in The Woodlanders, 11, 97, 142, of, 13n34 180, 183–194 Holywell Street, 80, 162 Liberalism Howell, George, 61, 86 in Prussia before 1870, 87, 99, 100, 103 revival in England, 25, 170 I Life and Work of Thomas Hardy Inﬂuence in textual criticism, question on origins of war with Germany, 99 of, 11 on The Poor Man and the Lady, 59, 85–86, 142 on ‘what the world is thinking’, 89 J Jews M admission to House of Macaulay, Thomas Babington, 37–38 Commons, 26 Macmillan, Alexander history of, 23, 127;inFar from the as Broad Churchman, 57 Madding Crowd, 127 on The Poor Man and the Lady, 59, Jowett, Benjamin, 27, 57 85–86 Malthus, Thomas, 62–63 Marx, Karl, 61 K Maurice, Frederick Denison, Kingsley, Charles, 57 resignation of Professorship at Kipling, Rudyard, 165, 168 King’s College, London, 27 Meredith, George, on The Poor Man and the Lady, 87 L Mill, John Stuart Liberal Anglican idea of history criticism of Comte, 53–56; in Far in Arnold, Thomas, 19, 35, 44, 47, from the Madding Crowd, 120, 54, 160, 165, 181, 201 122, 124–126, 127, 136, 141; in Far from the Madding Crowd, 48, in A Pair of Blue Eyes, 87, 107, 92, 120, 122, 124–126, 127, 109–117, 136;inThe Mayor 136, 141, 193, 205 of Casterbridge, 175–182, 190; INDEX 237

in Tess of the d’Urbervilles, Pastorali 206–208, 219;inThe in Under the Greenwood Woodlanders, 185, 187, Tree, 93–97;inFar from 191, 193 the Madding Crowd, 119, inﬂuence on Hardy, 9, 53 141, 175 on Liberty, 10, 73, 74, Postmodern criticism 77–79 in Far from the Madding Crowd, 92 on marriage, 4, 78, 206 of historical writing, 38 on philosophy of history, 74–77 in The Mayor of Casterbridge, on teleology, 10, 209, 226 175–182 Moule, Horace Powell, Baden and adult education, 34, 35 contribution to Essays and essay, 32, 46, 57 Reviews, 44 in Fordington Times Society, 33 criticised by Evangelicals, 27 on Idylls of the King, 33 Public Worship Regulation inﬂuence on young Thomas Act, 120–121 Hardy, 19, 26, 34, 35, 46, 48, 187 on Napoleon III, 101–102 Q on Oliver Cromwell, 33 Queen Victoria, 99, 100, 106, 107, 155 Tempora Mutantur, 33–35

R N Reform League Neo-Malthusianism, 9, 61, 219 campaign for male Newman, John Henry, suffrage, 100–101 27, 43 ofﬁce at Adelphi Terrace, 67 Republicanism as a movement in England, 54 O in Desperate Remedies, 91, 92, 97 Revolutionary criticism Owen, Robert, 54, 60, 63, 80, 114, in Far from the Madding 115, 131 Crowd, 205 Oxford Movement, 24, 27, in Jude the Obscure, 3, 5, 11, 44, 54 217–218 in Tess of the d’Urbervilles, 2, 3 Ritualism P in Church of England, 27 Palmerston, Lord in Far from the Madding funeral, 60, 143 Crowd, 120 Horace Dmoule on his foreign Rosebery, Lord, 162, 165, 166 policy, 26, 146 Robinson divorce case, 187 238 INDEX

Romance in A Pair of Blue T Eyes, 109–117 Tait, Archibald Campbell, 120–122 Rough music, 134 Temple, Frederick Russell, Lord John contribution to Essays and Reviews, 44 and university reform, 35 Tennyson, Alfred Lord, 33, 227 succeeds Palmerston as Prime Thomas Hardy and History, general Minister, 26, 61 argument of, 1–12 Tractarianism: in Church of England, 27 S in Jude the Obscure, 211 Satire Tragedy in Hardy’s ﬁction, 2–3, 11, in A Pair of Blue Eyes, 87, 109–117 217, 221 in Desperate Remedies, 89–93 in Jude the Obscure, 216–218, 221 in Far from the Madding in The Mayor of Casterbridge, Crowd, 119–137 175–182 in Under the Greenwood in The Return of the Native, 142, 172 Tree, 93–97 in Tess of the d’Urbervilles, 3, 201–209 sensational novel, Desperate in The Woodlanders, 183–194 Remedies as, 89–93 Shelley, Percy Byshe in The Woodlanders, 183–194 W his ‘skylark’ as historical Whateley, Richard signiﬁer, 193 criticised by B. Powell, 43 Stanley, Arthur Penrhyn, 26, 27 Elements of Logic, 47 Struggle for existence in Darwin, in Far from the Madding Crowd, 48 Drysdale and Under the Historic Doubts Relative to Napoleon Greenwood Tree, 96–97 Buonaparte, 49 Swinburne, Algernon Charles, 9, 59 Lectures on Political Economy, 47–48