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1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 6959 The PRESIDING OFFICER

• 6972 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 13 what happens?" The toe sends a mes­ The telegram from Dr. Sproul reads Again may I call your attention to sage to the brain and says, "Toe on tack." as follows: · something that has been brought out The brain sends a message back and says, BERKELEY, CALIF., June 10, 1947. here-but I should like t · stress it-we "Take toe off tack." Yet all that time Hon. GEORGE P. MILLER, are not just directing this progra111 you are standing on the tack waiting for House Office Building, toward Russia; there is also the great the messages to go back and forth. He Washington, D. C.: Pacific Basin, the virile part of the world, In past years the University of California said, "You can sit down but one way. has trained hundreds of men and women that part of the world that is demanding · Why I was in a theater the other night from foreign countries and sent them home reform. This program is going there­ and a lady hollered, 'Sit down in front.' " with a better understanding of the United going to a part of the world that respects He said, "I tried to and came darn near States and of democracy to· teach or to hold us and looks to us for leadership. We killing- myself.'' other positions of r{lsponsibility. It is my need the good will it will generate there. The point I make is simply this: You firm conviction that such interchange of The CHAIRMAN. The time of the can take most anything .in the world and students and teachers is a most effective way gentleman from California has expired. of promoting international understanding. ridicule it and criticize it. Of course May I urge you to see that nothing is done All time has expired. you can. Some of you very fine, able t o prevent the promotion of such interchange Without objection, all pro forma members of this committee have crit­ by amendment of section of 201 of the Mundt amendments will be withdrawn and the icized this bill and have criticized it, I bill. Clerk will read. believe, far out of proportion to its actual . ROBERT G. SPROUL, There was no objection. reality. Now, surely, folk-and you are Pr esident, Universi ty of California. The Clerk read as follows: a fine bunch of folk-patriotic, intel­ Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Chairman, will the INSTITUTIONS ligent, sincere American citizens-surely gentleman yield? SEc. 203. The Secretary is authorized to we should not carry our suspicions so far Mr. MILLER of California. I yield. provide for assistance to schools, libraries, that we just suspicion everybody. Cer­ Mr. MUNDT. I am glad to·hear that and community centers abroad, founded or tainly we are against communism. Cer­ sponsored by citizens of the United States, or tainly we ar.e against fascism. Certainly the University of California, along with serving as demonstration centers for meth­ we are against all subversive elements the University of Columbia, and, al­ ods and practices employed in the United in America. But let us not lose our civil though I did not graduate from a very States. In assisting any such schools, how­ big college-just a little fresh-water col­ ever, the Secretary shall exercise no control liberties in our efforts against these sub­ over their educational policies. versive elements. Let us not abandon lege in the Midwest, Carlton College, in our civil liberties. Let us not go too far. the· State of my distinguished colleague Mr. HOFFMAN (interrupting ·the Let us not do un-American things in the gentleman from Minnesota [Mr. reading). Mr. Chairman, I have a mo­ our effort to combat them. Let us not AUGUST H. ANDRESEN]-it is a pleasure to tion on the Clerk's desk. suspicion everybody. I have heard sus­ receive from my college a telegram urg­ The CHAffiMAN. · To what section? picion directed at the Supreme Court ing the Cqngress to retain 201. It is a Mr. HOFFMAN. To section 201, of the United States. I have heard sus­ terribly important part of the program page 3. picion directed at the President. I have to the people out in the Midwest. They Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Chairman, section heard suspicion directed at the State believe that the extension and develop­ 201 has been passed. Section 202 has Department. I am afraid that if some ment of mutual understanding · is the been passed. Time has expired on 202. of you gentlemen are not careful, you basis of peace. The CHAIRMAN. All time has ex­ will start suspicioning yourselves. You Mr. MILLER .of California. I thank pired on section 202. could c·arry it so far that you would the gentleman. Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Chairman, a finally be afraid of yourselves; afraid to I wish also to read a telegram from parliamentary inquiry. read anything or afraid to hear anything Dr. Lynn T. White, president of Mills ·The CHAmMAN. The gentleman lest you be improperly influenced. College, in 'Oakland, Calif., one of· the will state it. Now, I think we have carried it to an foremost women's colleges in the United Mr. HOFFMAN. The gentleman from absurd degree. I really do. I just be­ States-a college established in 1852, that Minnesota [Mr. MAcKINNON] advises lieve we should. not do that. If there has done a great deal to bring about me that the time ·was not limited on ever was a man who lived on the face better understanding between this coun­ amendments to the section. of the earth who would never be a Com­ try and the Orient and this country and The CHAIRMAN. The time was lim­ munist or a Fascist or anything but an South America. ited on section 202. American, it is I. Yet I do riot have President White wires: Mr. HOFFMAN. On amendments that fear that some have~ because I do MILLS COLLEGE, CALIF., June 10, 1947. also? not believe it is justified by the facts. Congressman GEORGE P. MILLER, The CHAIRMAN. Yes. Certainly I do not have any suspicion House Office Building, Mr. MAcKINNON. Mr. Chairman, I that a man as patriotic as General Mar­ Washington, D. C.: believe if the Chairman will check the shall is, a man who has shown the dis­ Would appreciate your support of Mundt record he will find no mention was made position that he as Secretary of State bill including information program. Living to limit time on amendments, but only has .shown would ever, even carelessly, experience provided by international ex­ to limiting time on the bill. I observed change of persons best means of insuring permit communism to be fostered in this mutual esteem. Information program sorely the language very carefully when the re­ Department. I believe that some are needed to overcome existing block in inter­ quest was submitted. carrying suspicions just a little too far. national understanding. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman The CHAmMAN. The time of the LYNN T. WHITE, cannot be right in his observation, for gentleman from Oklahoma has expired. President, Mills College. · the motion was not to limit debate on The Chair recognizes the gentleman the bill but only to 'that section which from California [Mr. MILLER]. Mr. Chairman, I wish to draw upon had been read. Mr. MILLER of California. Mr. Chair­ our own experiences. After the Boxer Mr. MAcKINNON. I mean on the man, I was very happy to hear the gen­ Uprising in 1899 this country refused to section. The motion was only to limit tleman from New York [Mr. JAVITS] read accept indemnity from China, but we time of debate on the .section. Tlie a telegram from the acting president of provided that the interest on the money words "and amendments thereto" were the great University of Columbia because that would have been paid us should be not included. some time ago Columbia University tried used in the education of Chinese students I make that point of order. May we to acquire from the Pacific coast a new in this country. That program is now have it checked? president. 47 years old. We have brought young The CHAffiMAN. The Chair will I would like to read a telegram from Chinese to this country and have edu­ overrule the point of order because the Dr. Robert Gordon Sproul, president of cated them and sent them back to their motion was made to close all debate the University of California, on the sub­ homeland, and they have been the gr.eat­ with reference to any amendments to ject of the interchange of students. He est bond between China and this coun­ . section 202. The question now is on is one of the outstanding educators of try. They are responsible for the un­ section 203, which the Clerk is reading. this country, a gentleman above any sus­ derstanding . that exists between China Mr. MAcKINNON. Mr. Chairman, a picion or taint of un-Americanism. and this country. parliamentary inquiry .

• 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 6973 The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman can do; the very least they can do, is to propaganda provisions of this legis­ will state it. keep the faith of tliose who elected them, lation, which seems to be the chief cqn­ Mr. MAcKINNON. What will be the to refuse to give additional power, blank cern of the Foreign Affairs Committee. situation if the Chair· is in error in the checks for power and blank checks for My chief concern is the immigration fea­ Chair's recollection according to the money, to these departments which re­ tures which, in my opinion, compose record? fuse to carry out the will of Congress, about nine-tenths of the bill. This is a The CHAIRMAN. We will have to departments which are still New Deal in bill to bring people into this county. decide that when we come to it. thought and deed. The gentleman may I want to direct your attention specift­ Mr. MAcKINNON. I thank the Chair- not be afraid of any department's action. . cally to section 20 on page 3, and para­ man. I am. graphs 3, 4, 5, and 6 under title VII, and Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Chairman, a I recall that book written by that ad­ more particularly to title VIII. parliamentary inquiry. mitted liar, Carlson. Under Cover, the You can well underst~nd that my time The r CHAIRMAN. The gentleman book was titled, which charged some is not sufficien.t to read and discuss each will state it. ninety-odd Members of the Congress of of these sections, but the bill is short and Mr. HOFFMAN. May we have a copy the United States with entertaining you can read them in a very few minutes. of that part of the record? seditious ideas, charged them with be­ It was my pleasure to serve on the The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman ing guilty, if you please, of treason. Immigration and Naturalization Com­ may secure that from the reporters. ' Now, I say to you that in my office I mitee for 4 years, and I am somewhat The Clerk will report the committee have letters from the War Department familiar with the an tics of this Adminis­ amendment. which show that the War Department tration when it comes to dealing with Mr. BOGGS of Delaware. Mr. Chair­ purchased and circulated that book. immigration. man, I make a point of order that a Mr. MORRIS. Mr. Chairman, will the · As I read this bill, it practically voids quorum is not present. gentleman yield? our existing immigration laws and au­ The CHAIRMAN. The Chair will Mr. HOFFMAN. Not now. thorizes the Secretary of State to admit count. [After counting.] One hun­ Mr. MORRIS. Well, the gentleman · persons to this country absolutely with­ dred and forty-seven Members are used my name. out limitation. All quotas are disre­ present, a quorum. Mr. HOFFMAN. If everybody had to garded and the safeguards we have set The Clerk read as follows: yield that used my name, calling names up over the past 150 years becomes mean­ Committee amendment: Page 4, line 19, or something-- ingless. after the word "policies", insert the follow­ Mr. MORRIS. I just wanted to ask a The debate on Tuesday was confined ing: "And shall in no case fur:r;1ish assistance question. of any character which is not in keeping principa_lly to the exchange of students. with the free democratic principles and the Mr. HOFFMAN. Not now. This bill provides for the exchange of established foreign policy of the United Not only that but a gentleman came in teachers, instructors, leaders in fields of States." this morning and suggested that, if the specialized knowledge or skill, and in a chairman of his subcommittee would not manner provides for the entry of an adult The CHAIRMAN. The question is on go through with it, he was asking our person who can walk or talk from any the committee amendment. · committee to permit him to offer evi­ The committee amendment was agreed part of Europe and Asia, or any other dence-now listen to this-that the War part of the world. When we talk of to. . Department made possible the publica­ teachers and students, just remember Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Chairman, I tion and the circulation of Under Cover. move to strike out the last word. that Europe at this time is full of scien­ Have we reason to be afraid? There tists and specialists, and the camps for Mr. Chairman, the amendment which is not a Member of this House who has it was desired to offer was to section 201, displaced persons and others are full of been here for the last 4 or 5 years who experts. In short, this measure gives the page 3, line 10, to strike out the words does not know from the admissions of "and leaders in fields of specialized Secretary of · State authority to admit the State Department, the individuals in persons without any limitation as to knowledge or skill." The Chairman it, that in that Department over the failed to see or hear me so I did not number or length of time they are to stay years there have been not one but dozens in this country. obtain recognition. of Communists, and, when Congressmen, Mr. Chairman, the purpose of that Section 801 of title 8 provides that the notably the gentleman from Kansas [Mr. Secretary .can accept reimbursement proposed amendment was to prevent the REES], asked that those fellows be taken State Department from bringing into from any cooperating governmental or out of the State Department, they got private source in a foreign country, or this country agents of Russia or of any just nowhere with their requests. country that was under its domination or from State or local governmental insti­ of any other country, which might be­ Now, until the executive departments tutions or private sources in the United come an enemy country, who had ex­ down at the other end of the Avenue States. Consequently, under this bill any ceptional skill, who might desire, and clean house, we should be afraid; I am racial group, political group, religious who would under this bill 'be permitted to more fearful of the borers from within group, or any qrganization or. society go into the industrial plants of our coun­ than I am of Russia-we should be afraid whatsoever, can support and brmg peo­ try and learn our methods and our se­ of what this State Department, or the ple of every description to this country crets of production, the things which people in it or in other departments­ under this bill without number. As the have enabled us in both wars to come will do to this country of ourf?, because bill is now written,_tt is possible to bring out as winners. no matter what legislation we enact they people into this country just as fast as The gentleman from Oklahoma [Mr. take it and turn it and twist it and transportation facilities will permit. It MORRIS] said that we were the victims of use it to further some purpose of their is not beyond the realm of possibility that undue fear. I am wondering just how own. While on the whole, their efforts the number may reach one million an­ much of truth there is in that. I will may have been all right, here and there, nually, regardless of the appropriation or admit that I am afraid for the future all through, we find the Communist trail, allotment to the State Department. of my country and I know other folks the Communist taint. Now let us look at another feature of who are afraid of what the departments So, let me repeat, that the trouble with the ·program. When and if any person down here are doing or may do. this thing always-most of this legisla­ admitted under this program is · found In November last the people did the tion, anyway-is that if the legislation is undesirable for any reason he is delivered best they could to get a housecleaning _ good, we know from past experience that to the Attorney General to be deported in the legislative branch and they re­ it wm be misinterpreted and maladmin­ under the Immigration Act of 1917. This lied to a certain extent upon the legis­ istered, and for that reason I cannot vote change of authority alone gives cause for lative branch to help out with a house­ for legislation of this kind giving the suspicion of the purpose of this act. The cleaning in the executive departments. State Department a blank check for Attorney General's otllce in respect to Of course, they could not directly do power and money. deporting undesirable aliens, remind one anything about the executive depart.. Mr. ELLIS. ·Mr. Chairman, I move to of a slow-motion picture of the Rock of ments. strike out the last word. Ages. It does seem that the least those who Mr. Chairman, I am not so much Under the existing conditions in Eu­ were elected to the Eightieth Congress concerned at the moment about the rope it is quite likely that any or all of 6974 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 13 them may become displaced persons after mistake. That, too, Is something'that the So that those of us who who oppose they enter the·United States and it will Department should hereafter avoid in- some of these measures,· d9 so because be declared· that he· cannot be returned dulging in. · ·We feel we are protecting the rights of' home ·because the political situation has The bill probably is not as good as the people against the inflammatory changed in his country. So we have him ·proponents wish. Certainly, it ls not as passions of the hour, which result from or her as a. visiting refugee along with the bad as the opposition contend. I think propaganda poured in upon them by other millions. · ·there are some P.arts of the bill in addi­ certain departments of Government. Another fact. I want to i_mpress upon tion to those already eliminated that the We must not forget that never before in you is that if one of these visitors marries committee might well agree should go the history of the entire world has there an American citizen during their stay in out. This can be done without weaken­ been a more powerful propaganda agency this country they cannot be deported, or ing the measure and probably will be than is cr.eated right here in the United at least that is the history of the Immi­ done. States of America, and it works day and gration Department, because they imme­ Mr. Chairman, I am glad that the night. People hear this propaganda. diately becQine a hardship case. In the criticism of Bill Benton has largely Many times they are so excited over it, case of children, they are residents of ceased. I think the committee has the and the various other legislative prob­ this country for the remainder of their feeling that he has been unfairly dealt lems that come up, that they do not life. with. Speaking for myself, I would like reason it clear through. I believe it is I plead with you to give this bill your . to say that my interest in the bill would the duty of those who see danger in some serious consi<_ieration. It is my firm con­ wane to some extent were· I not confident of these bills, as I do in this one, to have viction that if it becomes law it will prac­ that he will continue in charge of this the courage and the Americanism to tically nullify all of our immigration laws informational program. stand up here and state it, without being and permit the free flow of people into Mr. REED of New York. Mr. Chair­ ridiculed. I do not know just how much this country, a situation that not a single man, I move to strike out the last word. time I have r~maining, but it is utterly M.ember of the House wants to support. Mr. Chairman, I hesitate to take the impossible for me to go very far, so I And just remember the 2 or 3 years of· shall not go further at this time because the OWl. floor because of the hick of time. This I want to discuss another phase of it. Mr. COX. ·Mr. Chairman, I rise in is an extremely important matter which But I do want to drive home to those opposition to the pro forma• amendment. we are debating here, and there has been present here that we who take opposi- Mr. Chairman, I hope that in the fur- demonstrated on the floor exti'aordinary . tion to these bills, the support for which ·ther consideration of ·the pending bill ability on both sides of the question. is built up by a terrific blanket of propa­ moderation both in feeling and expres­ I do not' question the motives of. those ganda-it Is the duty to analyze these sion shall prevail. It is my conviction who have spoken on either side of the bills to the very core, and to stand here that the gentleman ·who has just yielded question. I am opposed to this bill be­ and vote against them if we believe we the floor . is entirely mistaken as to the cause I believe it is not at this time in are right in doing so, in the inter~t of · purposes and the effect of the bill. It is the interests of the country. I expect our country. not intended, I am sure, to be used for the to be open to criticism by the intoler­ The CHAIRMAN. The time of the purpose of indiscriminate admittance of ance of those.who are fanatically favor• gentleman from New Yor~ has expired. people to this country. able to this. bill. Mr. JACKSON of California. Mr. Mr. Chairman, I hope that by the time ·I want to read a little extract to the Chairman, I wonder if it is not possible this debate has ended the Department of Members of the House by a man whose at this time, after those who are now on . State will have realized that the deadest patriotism I am sure cannot be ques­ thelr feet have had an opportunity to thing in this country· at this time, at tioned because he was really one of the speak, to ·limit debate on the pro forma least so far as this House is concerned, founders of this country. amendment. is the philosophy now expounded by· the I refer to Alexander Hamilton, in the I ask unanimous consent that all de­ Wallace group, and that the Department Federalist, No. 71. He said: bate on this s·ection close in 15 minutes. will proceed speedily to bring itself' in The republican principle demands that the The CHAIRMAN. IS there objection line with public thinking and will. never deliberative sense o! the community should to the· request of the gentleman from again commit the serious blunder of ad­ govern the conduct of those to whom they California? mitting into the Department those who entrust the management of their affairs; Mr. MATHEWS. Reserving the right have heretofore sought to use it as an but 1t does not require an unqualified com­ to object, Mr.. Chairman, I just want to instrument in the hands of the reformer plaisance to every sudden breeze of passion, be sure that I get my full 5 minutes on to make over the world into some kind of or to every transient i~pulse which the this section. Mai·xist state. , people may receive from the arts of men, · The CHAffiMAN. . Just what is the who fiatter their prejudices to betray their The opposition to the bill that still interests. It is a just observation that the gentleman's request? prevails here in the House ·is grounded people commonly intend the public good. Mr. JACKSON of California. I a.sk upon a lack of confidence in the State This often applies to their very errors. But unanimous consent that all debate on Department to administer the measure their good sense would despise the adulator this section, and all amendments there­ in an Americanlike way. who should pretend that they always rea­ to, close in 15 minutes. The Department has brought down son right about the means of promoting it. The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection upon its head more criticism than is well They know from experience that they some­ times err; and the wonder is that they so to the request of the gentleman from for the country's good. While improve­ seldom err as they do, beset, .as they con­ California? ment has been made in the screening of tinually are, by the wiles of parasites and There was no objection. personnel, I, too, share the feeling that sycophants, by the snares of the ambitious, Mr. JOHNSON of Oklahoma. Mr. there are still· those within the Depart- the avaricious, the desperate, by the artifices Chairman, I move to strike out the last . ment who have no business being there. of men who possess their confidence more word, and I ask unanimous consent to Getting rid of these objectionable people, than they deserve it, and of those who seek revise and extend my remarks. however, is not altogether an easy thfng to possess rather than to deserve it. When The CHAffiMAN. Is there· objection to do and we must be patient. occasions present themselves, in which in­ terests of the people are at variance with to the 'request of the gentleman from The memoranda referred to . and ex­ their inclinations, it ls the duty of the per­ Oklahoma? - · hibited here on the floor this morning sons whom they have appointed to be the There was no objection. by the gentleman from New York £Mr. guardians of th~e interests to . withstand Mr. JOHNSON of Oklahoma. Mr. TABER], and apparently bearing the sig­ the temporary delusion, in order to give Chairman, I spoke on this bill 4 or 5 nature of Mr. Stone, may have been pre­ them time and opportunity for more cool · days ago. It certainly cannot be claimed pared with innocent intentions, ·but the and sedate refiection. Instances might be that I am unfriendly to the State De­ fact remains that it was used by a group cited in which a conduct of this kind has saved the people from very fatal conse- · partment, because I have gone down the of fellow travelers in New York identify­ quences of their own mistakes, and has pro­ . line with them on everything that they ing themselves as' some kind of profes­ cured lasting monuments ·of. their gratitude have asked for this session. I did that sional group to propagandize the Con­ to the men who had courage and magna­ as I ~aid the other day 'as in the matter gress and the country in behalf of the nimity enough to serve them at the peril of of the Greek-Turkish loan for one rea­ adoption of the bill. That, too, was a their displeasure. son, because I took General Marshall and 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 6975 the President at their word that it was a to shoot his child if :he did not abdicate. Mr. MATHEWS. Mr. Chairman, un­ step. towards stopping communism in So he abdicated and fled from his coun­ der ordinary circumstances I would be Europe; but I do reserve the right to ob­ try and the Communists took over. entirely in accord with many of the ideas ject to something like this monstrosity Now, let us not, for God's sake, come that the proponents of this legislation which comes along to us here which does in here in our enthusiasm over one as­ want to get across. not conform to its title-the Voice of pect of the Voice of America program I would like to take a little time to America-to speak out against those pro­ and put ourselves in a position where we talk about Radio Luxemburg. visions in it that I think are going to be get a lot of Pinks and Reds foisted off During the war the American ground inimical to our own country, such as ex­ onto us under some exchange program. forces took over Radio Luxemburg, ~ one changing students, professors and tech­ Let us wait 3 or· 4 years until things have of the strongest, if not the strongest, nicians. had time to settle down, until world radio station in Europe, and used it Now, I think I have a right to be just affairs have straightened out. Then if most effectively for propaganda and psy­ a little alarmed about this thing and I conditions have improved and things are chological warfare. It was a magni:fi­ can speak with just a little bit of author­ different I may be for such a program. ce~t job. The whole proje.ct was organ­ ity. I do not feel as complacent as a lot Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Chairman, ized, directed, and operated by then colo­ of my friends do here. I spent 2 of my will the gentleman yield? . nel, now geperal, Clifford R. Powell. 4 years in the Army in Military Intel­ Mr. JOHNSON of Oklahoma. I yield. I am proud of the job which was done ligence, investigating the Reds and the Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Does the gen­ by him because he is an American. I am Pinks here in our country. I found that tleman believe that it would be ·of any prouder because he is a constituent of the people that they worked with most benefit to America to send to Russia mine. I am still prouder because he was were those in our educational institutions the type of American student who would the commanding general of the division and that they usually send their cookie­ want to go to Russia and stay there? ·in which I was an officer when it was pushers over here from Europe. · Know­ Mr. JOHNSON of Oklahoma. Cer­ mustered iflto the Federal service, and ing what I do of their methods I certainly tainly not. ·because he has been for many years my am going to speak out against this thing, I said the other day that it was use­ close personal fl'iend. for it is not a good thing. Let us wait · less to think we could influence people · General Powell is a great statesman in 3 or 4 years· until this crisis that the -in Europe by sending a handful of stu­ his own right, besides being a great. sol­ .President and General Marshall tell .us dents over there u.nder the exchange pro­ dier. If we had had real Americans like about has settled itself somewhat, has gram. I told you the other day that General Powell operating this Voice of died down. If then it appears to be a during the war we had· many ambas­ America originally, the character of that ·good thing we can consider it in a dif­ sadors of· good wilL We had two or program would not have been such as to ferent aspect. Let us wait until we see three million ambassadors o'f good will have caused the criticism which has been how much good faith Russia shows. over there, our own GI's. justly heaped upon it. These students under this program I say to you that the people of France, But we are not voting for i4eas, under are not going to come from Russia, they the people of Belgium, the people of ordinary circumstances. We are voting are going to come from France, China Luxembourg, the people of Germany and for this specific legislation, under ex­ and Belgium and other countries, and the Soviet zone in Berlin know our GI's, tra.ordinary conditions. the ones they will send over here will be and they were a good cross-section of In section 203, as amended, you will those bespectacled intellectuals they take America. so· if anybody on earth can see that the Secretary of State is author­ d'Ut of their universities over there. ten me what better ambassadors of good ized to provide for assistance to schools, I think what has thrown the members will we could have, and i~ they think that libraries, and community centers abroad, of this committee off is Gen. Bedell a handfUl of two or three hundred stu­ but nothing that is not in keeping with Smith. Bedell Smith has come here and dents can have greater influence than the established foreign policy of the sold them a bill of goods. He said that our soldiers, if they think that striped­ United States. In title V, section 501, the Voice of America broadcast was being pants cookie-pushers that the State De­ the same idea is carried out in regard to heard by 50,000,000 Russians. I will bet partment sends over. there can do more the movies and radio. you he never got out of the Embassy good than 2,000,000 boys, they are crazy. What is the established foreign policy grounds in Moscow. There is no way in I said to you the other day that the GI's of the United States? In the first place, which he or anybody else can know how made love to their girls, that they broke I will tell you one thing that will be the many short-wave radios there are in their windows, but the good things they established foreign policy if you pass Russia or how many radios there are in did more than offset the bad. So they this bill. You will be bringing foreign Russia or how many people listen to radio know us as we are-warts and all. students over here to our own universi­ programs. They do not have any Hooper What influence would 300 or 400 stu­ ties at $10 a day, or $300 a month, for rating system in Soviet-dominated coun­ dents be? Those people already know subsistence, when our own GI's get only tries or Russia. I will bet you further about this country, how great it is, how $65 a month. So you will be establish­ that if he ever did get out of the Embassy wealthy it is, its aims and purposes. ing the foreign rate of exchange of per­ grounds that he was taken around or fol­ And as far as Bedell Smith is concerned, sonnel at the rate of five to one-oRe lowed by an agent of the NKVD-a Rus­ as I said a while ago, I doubt if he ever foreigner equals five good American vet­ sian agent was right there with him all got beyond the grounds of the American erans. That is one of the things you the time. I do not believe that Bedell Embassy; and if he did, he was followed will ·be establishing as a ·foreign policy. Smith was allowed to go through Russia by some NKVD agent or was in the care You will not need 1to sell that one to and be accorded any more freedom of of some NKVD agent. You know in all people in foreign countries. They will observation than was accorded to Wen­ t.hese countries over there, France and grab it. But you better sell it to Ameri­ dell Willkie, Eric Johnst-on, and Mr. others, wlth their ministers and ofticials, can veterans first. But why bother? White and each of them had an NKVD prefets and sous-prefets-they wine and The American veteran is only the home­ agent on his trail all the time. They dine our Ambassadors-! have seen all town boy w.ho saved America. He is no were shown what the NKVD wanted of them; I know how they work and what exotic and fascinating stranger. them to see, and nothing else. they are-and I also know our Ambas­ What about Russian communism? Is My good friend the gentleman from sadors rarely ever have the opportunity that our enemy or is it not? If it is Oklahoma [Mr. MoRRIS], was not scared to see and understand the common peo­ not, then there is no sense in the March when we debated the Greek-Turkish loan. ple of those countries as I did-to send a 12 address of the President or that pop­ He was not scared then about Com­ few students over there would be of no ,gun legislation we passed called the munist aggression in the world and he e1fect. I know how the Communists Greek-Turk loan, or the many anti­ is not scared now. He told·us then that work. Communist speeches made on the floor communism was on the wane in Europe, Strik-e this thing out. Let the voice of this House or the anti-Communist but I asked him what has happened in of America be heard here. legislation which has been passed. Of Hungary within the last week? You The CHAIRMAN. The time of the course, it is our enemy. Even the Pres• know what has happened there. The gentleman from Oklahoma has ·expired, tdent admits it is our enemy in every part Communists ha.d a gun at the head of the The Chair recognizes the gentleman ()f the world-except in the United Prime Minister there. They were goini from New Jersey [Mr. MATHEWS]. States, where it is only a bugaboo. 6976 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 13 What have we done about it and what Mr. RICH. Mr. Chairman, this is the long lines of natives waiting to view are we going to do about it? third day we have heard the Voice-of a cultural exhibit and a movie. Under we gave this enemy.$11;ooo,ooo,ooo in America on the floor -of this House. We dictatorships, no man can enter without lend-lease during the war so it could have heard many Members speak for ofHcial approval, which is not freely given look strong. Still fearing we might he it and many speak against-it. But, they where opponents of such officials seek to criticized for picking on an enemy were unfortunate enough to bring this enlighten such natives-not in a police weaker than ourselves, we have given it bill up on this the third day of debate -state anywhere. $6,000,000:ooo more since that time. on Friday the 13th. Think of it. Fri­ Propaganda is a dangerous weapon. Still being afraid we might be accused day, the 13th, is the day that they bring This measure affords no practical means of bullying, we have appeased it, and up this ·bill and try to conclude it. It -of safely propagandizing foreigners. have given it about 'everything it wanted would be the unlucky bill. Well, more Language, custom, and mechanics bar to strengthen and spread itself. We people in this country are skeptical of the effectiveness of this measure. Who are still doing it. Only a week ago a Friday, the 13th, I think, than prob­ can be reached by our propaganda? constituent told me his firm could not ably any other particular day in the year. How many short-wave radios are there get steel piping. Yet, he said, two ship­ Then you hear of the black cats going in this country? Who would risk our loads left this country under the Russian across the road, and some people are propaganda libraries and movies, or read flag. We have stood around and wrung afraid of that. .a "kept" 11ewspaper in a political stat~? our hands while tbis enemy turned M1'. EVIJ:'ilS. Mr. Chairman, will the To reach western Russia and eastern Europe into the chaos that is there now, gentleman yield? Europe we have to maintain a radio sta­ upon which. its own filthy philosophy can Mr. RICH. I yield to the gentleman tion in Munich, Germany. How long will feed. from Tennessee. we be there? The Moscow fiasco requires On last Thursday, the day before the Mr. EVINS. Would the gentleman be .a separate peace which politically wise House began debate on tHis measure, for this bill if it were brought up on­ men in the State Department will bring the other body ratified several treaties. the 14th? abOut within 12 months. Treaty drafts I am not criticizing the other body. That Mr. RICH. No·; I would not be for were discussed at London and at Moscow. is its responsibility. But I-must point it, especially at this time. I would not The lines of cleavage have been disclosed these things out to you as being some be for this bill, and I will tell you why. and points of disagreement as between true facts of life so far as our foreign This bill is brought in here iq the guise the Allies have been fully explored. policy is concerned. of Republican legislation, but it is only These points of disagreement will be In the treaty with Italy you will find the continuation of the New Deal, and I separately negotiated with Austria and the following: was against everything that the New Germany, notwithstanding military ob­ Italy shall pay the Soviet Union repara­ Deal tried to bring upon this country in_ jections reported in a recent issue of the tions in the amount of $100,000,000 during a the way of regimentation and regula­ New York Times. These military men in periocl of 7 years from the coming into force tion, and we are. finding out now more political jobs in Germany and Austria of the present treaty. than ever, each and every day, just how want to hold onto them. The American terribly bad it has heeri for the Ameri­ people do not want to pay the cost of Now, listen to this: Section 2 Ca), same can people, and I want no part in it. I supporting them in their jobs, and at the article, provides that reparations shall be do not know why our Members have been same time pay the cost of supporting made from "a share of the Italian fac­ so gullible as to swallow this legislation; relief for these peoples. tory and tool equipment designed for hook,line, and sinker. I cannot under­ Returned travelers from Austria artd the manufacture of war material." stand it. I have the highest regard for Germany tell me that these peoples want The same thing applies to reparations the Republican and Democratic Members to be left alone, to work out their own to be given to Yugoslavia, only it is $125,- of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, but recovery, as they have done for centuries, 0UO,OOO taken from the same source. _ I cannot understand what they are try­ without military interference from with- Now, there is something it will take more ing to do in furthering this legislation, in or without. ' than a persuasive radio voice or a pic­ in furthering the thing that the State It takes a letter 2 weeks to travel 100 ture with glamorous movie stars to sell Department has been trying to do with miles through military channels from to the Italian people and to convince this country in foreign governments to Vienna to Lintz by way of Sulzburg. Un­ them what a wonderful nation the sell us down the river. They sold us employed officers must check. No sound United States is. down the river in everything they tried currency has been established by allied In the Hungarian treaty there are to do in the last 15 years, and if we do military authorities in the year and a $200,000,000 that are supposed to be paid not watch out, the first thing we know half of our occupation. The Army does to Soviet Russia and $100,000,000 to be we will have a weak, disrupt, wrecked not want that job and cannot fill it. Only equally divided between Yugoslavia and Federal Government in America, and we the conquered nations can br-ing about Czechoslovakia. · are not going to be able to help any_body, their own recovery from within. This Mr. Chairman, that is the foreign pol­ any .place, anywhere, any time. We bill thwarts and interferes with their re­ icy that this bill is designed t6 sell the have wrecked our own Nation in trying covery efforts. This bill fosters and es­ world on, to teach the world about, by to do that which the New Deal has been tablishes a new controversial instrumen­ broadcasting and movies to make them recommending that we should do in tality with which they have to contend. love us. How can I vote to sell these foreign lands. Obviously, the bill stirs up political and things abroad when I cannot conscien­ Mr. Chairman, I a~ opposed to the social controversy in areas first needing tiously try to sell them to our own people? activities of the State Department which recovery. Not all peoples want our po­ · We are told that this bill is designed to will be financed by this bill. litical and social system. Our attempts sell America to the rest of the world. Sovereign states object to outside in-­ to invade this sovereign privacy will have Well, that would be a change, at least. terference. The war has not changed adverse repercussions upon us. Many of Up to date we have been giving it away. that age-old principle, which most of our these peoples think that we want to swing Mr. Chairman, I want no part in vot­ career diplomats adhere to. our weight around like a sailor on shore ing the taxpayers' money to support, sell, Sponsors of this measure say -that it leave. and broadcast a two-headed, double­ is only $15,000,000 that is r~quired. That Under our social system, industry seeks faced, reversible foreign policy of that will pay interest on a large amount of its own markets and brings to foreigners character. war debt. Once embarked on this pro­ the benefit of our skills and abilities Mr. Chairman, I want to say that this gram, it will last as long as the national when and where foreigners want it. To administration had better decide on debt, and, like all bureaucracies, it hold out an empty picture as provided in going in one direction so far as foreign largely duplicates the work of the regu­ this-bill thwarts the-very objective of the policy is concerned; it better pick out lar Foreign Service o:mcers and of the measure. that direction and it better get started already established Intelligence Service England and Russia may continue to in that direction-quick. ef the State Depa~tment. Sponsors sup­ propagandize as this measure provides, The CHAIRMAN. The time of the port this measure by reference to .mus­ but neither of them, at the moment, gentleman from New Jersey has expired. _trations where it is already function­ seems to be maintaining successfully The Chair recognizes the gentleman ing without congressional authority.. In .their own houses in order-. Many a GI from Pennsylvania [Mr. RieHl, Yugoslavia they-MuNDT...-saw block- and discharged Government worker here 1947 ·CONGRESSIONAL R·ECORD-H()USE· 6977 would like to get for study $10 a day~ Mr. BENDER. Does not the gentle­ wherever it goes. To remember that success as this bill provides we shall pay foreign man feel that instead of spending $30,~ lies wlthin myself, 1n my own brain, my own students. A good ·many GI's would work 000,000 in this way, that if we want to ambition,. my own courage and determina; tion. To expect difilculties and to force my without study for $300 a month. help Europe we shoUld provide them with way through them; to turn hard experience These foreigners want work and not tractors. and harvesters and other ma-. into capital for future struggles. To steer propaganda. A writer in Birmingham, chinery, since we are called upon to feed clear of dissipation and guard my health of England, reports in the New York Times, the world, to make them self-sumcient body and peace of mind as a most precious on March 15, 1947: and feed themselves? Would not those stock in trade. Finally, to take a good trip on With reference to productive efficiency, in harvesters and tractors be far more of the joys of life, to play the game like a man; 1936· outputs of coal per man-shift were: value to all of us and to them than some t o tight against nothing so hard as my own weakness and to grow in strength a gentle­ H undred- books and radio broadcasts? man , a Christian. weight· Mr. RICH. I tell you that if a man is Germany------33 hungry and he gets a loaf of bread, it is He was not taught by an exchange pro­ Poland.------40 · worth a whole lot more to his system fessor unfamiliar with the fundamentals UnitedHolland States.• ~ ------of Amexic------.a ______10035 than to feed him a lot of hot air. of our Government, he was taught by the United Kingdom______23 Bread will take care of the inward man good old solid rock of Americanism, the and prevent starvation and gain a friend. type of man who is turning out just that And the writer conCludes: Words are many times dang·erous and type of boy. The professor that comes If the miner attended his work with the many·. times do more harm than good; in from abroad is not grounded in the same regularity as in 1939 and exerted the words many times are more dangerous philosophy of our Government as our same physical effort while at work, the na­ than one realizes. So, Mr. Speaker, until men here are, reared and taught and tional (United Kingdom) output of coal we get our country settled and happy trained as teachers should be in this· would be increased by no less than 50,000,000 country. There has been too much loose tons per annum. within our own midst, let us not assume Loss of coal exports represents the value of the responsibility of trying to change teaching of the subject of government. our (United Kingdom) imports; steel pro­ the manners, customs, traditions, of all There is one thing that alarms me very duction is also curtailed; chemical exports the nations of Europe,. Asia,· and Africa; much about this whote proposal here, are affected to the extent of £2,500,000 per We might loose _more friends than we and that is, in regard to what we are annum due to shortage of coal supplies. can make. going to sell abroad. I was perfectly Culture and information-my eye. The Clerk read as follows: astounded, and I am not criticizing Rep­ Now, the gentleman from Oklahoma a ENGLISH-LANGUAGE TEACHING resentative MUNDT personally, but I was few minutes ago said that we should SEc. 204. Th& ·secretary is authorized to perfectly astounded, as I. think every stop discussing this bill now and wait provide for the development and de~ons tra­ Member who was on the floor must have a year or two until we see how General tion of better methods for teachmg the been wllen these terrible exhibits were Marshall cleans up the State Depart­ English language abroad. presented here which we were told by ment,. and then if you bring this bill up Mr. REED of New York. Mr. Chair­ the chairman of the subcommittee that we might try to have the Voice of Amer­ man, I move to strike out the last word.' we were going to sell the bad features as ica go to all the countries of the world Mr. Chairman, I want to approach well as the good features of the United and tell them what America means. I this from a little different· angle this States. I am sure that such a philosophy agree with that statement. But, under time. There has been much said here· did not come from the chairman of the the turmoil that exists in the world today, subcommittee; that came from somebody about the question of education, the in the State Department. Exhibits to gentlemen, I do not believe you can do exchange of students, and the exchange prove what they intended to do if the bill a thing. Then again, you are going to of professors. I have had quite a long should become law. ask from thirty to eighty million ·of good, acquaintance with the educational sys­ Would it not be a wonderful thing to hard, American taxpayers' money to be tems of this country and the type of boys hear somebody bellowing over the radio, spent on this propaganda? I would not and girls they are turning out. I can and we will have no control of it after waste my taxpayer's money in this man­ remember the day when the professors this becomes law, "My comrades abroad: ner. It seems to me that if General Mar­ who taught government in our great I want to tell you about our judicial sys­ shall had $1,000,000-not $80,000,000- colleges specialized in emphasizing the tem in the United States. I want to tell $1,000,000 and employed 8 or 10 good, beautiful philosophy behind our goy­ you about our courts, where the humblest high-calibered men, and let them go out ernment and our system of government. person can get justice. and broadcast some things about America They were familiar with it. I want to 4'But, of course, even though the and do something that would tell the · give you an example of the reaction that humblest person can get justice, we also foreign nations just what we are trying that type of teaching had upon our boys. have another system. We have a system · to do, it would not be so bad, but these I knew a splendid fellow. He was an where in certain sections of the country foreign countries think today that all we unusual athlete, very popular, a red­ if they want to do justice and mercy to a can do is to buy. Buy all countries of blooded fellow. He graduated with man they suspect of having committed the world-a poor way to gain friends. honors in the natural course of events. the crime, they hang him or lynch him. We ought to be ashamed of ourselves for He entered the employment of a large We just use a rope. You use a firing trying to buy our neighbors. It will corporation in Canada. He was killed squad, but we just use a rope and hang never work. We ought to be ashamed in the service. His people were very the man from the limb of a tree." of the things we are doing by going out poor. He had been sending what he That is the sort of thing that goes out. and visiting these countries and then earned down to his poor people. He had There is the good and there is the bad. offering them everything they want in worked his way through the university. Then the next night: · gifts-one hundred million, three hun­ As soon as his death was announced, "Fellow comrades of the world: The dred million, forty-three hundred mil­ his fraternity brothers went up there to Voice of America is speaking to you. I lion-where will you get this money? see if he left anything that they could want to tell you about the wonderful In the last 10 years we have been going take to his old people down in Pennsyl­ purity of our election system. That is to these foreign nations, and every time vania. They searched, and there was why we are urging it upon you people they ask for $50,000,000, $100,000,000 or nothing in his little hall bedroom except abroad. That is why we send inspectors three or four hundred million, we have one priceless document, written in his 4 over there to see that you get a fair deal a lot of fellows here in this country that own handwriting, entitled 'My Guide." and that there is no bribery, fraud, or say, "Pass out the money." Uncle Sam I read it to you: coercion in your elections. But we have has Jots of it. And they come to us To respect my country, my profession and another side to the story. We have the for these gifts and get them. We are myself. To be honest and fair with my fel­ Pendergast system. We have a system only suckers. · low men as I expect them to be honest and which we find out in one of our great Mr. square with me. To be a loyal citizen of the · Mr. BENDER. Chairman, will the United States of America. To speak of lt Western States, especially in the city of gentleman yield? with praise and to act always as a trust­ Kansas City, in Missouri. Anybody who Mr. RICH. I ·yield to the gentleman worthy custodian of its good name. To be a wants to listen to us, that is our other from Ohio. man whose name carries weight with it .system. We protect the people who vote. XCIII----440 6978 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE -13 We put the ballots after the people have for $35,000,000. I suggested that we give adhered to in connection with the ex­ voted in a sealed receptacle of solid steel it to them, notwithstanding the·fact that change of persons, knowledge, skills, and and lock the box. So, if there is any there was much criticism of Elmer Davis, the assignment of specialists to carry out irregularity which comes up later, the who was then director of the OW!. I all the other provisions of this act. officials can then examine the ballots. was not too familiar with what was I want to vote for this bill, and if we "But we want to tell you something being done on the domestic front, but I have a commission of that kind that will that happened in America. Two thugs, did know what my senses perceived when formulate the policies that must be ad­ after a number of men had been indicted I was abroad and I saw the excellent hered to, then the only responsibility for fraud in the elections, thinking that character of work being done and how that the State Department has is to serve the box contained lollipops pried the box effective it was. as an operating and administering agen­ open and destroyed the evidence so that This proposed cultural and informa­ cy, and to take the policies that have the men could not be convicted.'' tional policy, then, is in the nature of an been formulated by the commission ap­ And so the bad and the good Voice of extension of a function that began in pointed by· the President and confirmed America will continue day after day and wartime. by the United States Senate, and surely night after night. I share some of the apprehensions of we should be able to have some confi­ Gentlemen, there is not a system of a good many Members of the House of dence in the capacity of a commission of salesmanship in the world that can sell Representatives as to the type of per­ that kind. the good article by stressing the · bad sonnel that will be devoted to this work. At the proper time. I shall offer that features of it. I am confident that General Marshall if amendment and I trust it will commend The greatest sales manager in the given the time will take care of that. itself to your g·ood graces. United States prior to his retirement was The FBI is investigating every person in The CHAIRMAN. The time of the William Holler, affectionately known as the State Department right now. If you gentleman from Illinois [Mr. DIRKSEN] Bill Holler. Do you imagine he or his have any doubt about General Marshall, has expired. salesmen or dealers stressed the bad let me give you one footnote to history. Mr. PHILLIPS of Tennessee. Mr. features of the Chevrolet cars and Perhaps I should not disclose it, but yet Chairman, I move to strike out the last trucks? Look at pis record of sales based I think it is interesting. word. not on the bad qualities of the Chevrolet I recall the day when the Committee · Mr. Chairman, this is the second time cars, but their good qualities. on Appropriations met in secret session I have risen to address this Congress. Bill Holler has been responsible for with the General Staff in the War De­ I have a deep conviction that this Con­ Chevrolet leadership in sales in 9 out of partment, and I remember the day in gress today is discussing a bill which goes the last 10 car-production years. response to a question by our colleague, much further than the question of the In peacetime his vast and closely knit the gentleman from Texas, [Mr. EWING Voice of America. As this debate pro­ retail organization sells over $1,500,000,- THOMASON], that General Marshall, at gresses the provisions of the pending bill 000 worth of merchandise a year. a time when there was so much anxiety unfold in their true light. The body of In the 12 years of his administration and concern in the country, said, "If the the bill is broad and comprehensive. The he has been head of a sales and service Japanese should elect to take Alaska at caption of the pending bill certainly organization employing over 90,000 peo­ this particular period, it may be neces­ gives no indication of the many provi­ ple. sary for us to let them have it.' Just now, sions contained in the body of the pro­ In -these years his sales strategy has first things must come first." posed legislation. The Voice of America sold more than 22,000,000 automobiles- Here is the man upon whom we pinned is not represented in the present bill un­ 7,500,000 new cars and trucks and 14,- our every hope when the Nation was in der consideration since that could be 500,000 used vehicles. This is the equiva­ jeopardy. Is it fair now to come into done only by the voice of 140,000,000 lent of almost four-fifths of all cars and this well and to assail his patriotism and American people. I am disturbed that trucks on the road at the present time. make it appear that, wittingly or unwit­ we should be called upon to enact into Ee is credited with selling 50 percent tingly, this great patriot, upon whose law the present legislation in view of the of all cars and trucks produced by . shoulders we reposed the very welfare critical world situation: Chevrolet since it first began business in and perpetuity of this Republic, should Now that time has passed we are be­ 1912. now have such a change of heart that ginning to see the operation of the recent Mr. DIRKSEN. Mr. Chairman, I move he would sell it down the river? Oh, for Greek-Turkey gift. A tricky clause was to strike out the last word. shame! hidden in that legislation which gives Mr. Chairman, whether we like it or Now, of course, people get into the the State Department together with the not, psychological programs as a part of State Department whose loyalty is in President the right to freeze materials, our foreign and national policy in peace question. Of course there is some doubt, and to take any materials from the vet­ and in war are here to stay. If you have ofttimes, about the nature of the pro­ erans of this country or from the farmers any doubt on that subject, consult the gram. I share something of that ap­ ·or any other group of the American pop- General Staff of the War Department. · prehension. That is why, at the proper ulation, any material deemed necessary ·If you have any doubt on that subject, time, I propose to offer an amendment. for the completion of the Greek-Turkey ascertain the extent of the operations I hope and I believe that the committee gift. Our people are already beginning of the Psychological Warfare Branch in will probably take it, because I have been to suffer from the effects of the heavy World War II. discussing it with them. It proposes the drain upon the supplies and resources of The man who recognized and identified creation of a lO-man commission, includ­ this country. psychological aggression at the San ing the Secretary of State. It will be a What is there in this bill? In the first Francisco Conference more than any bipartisan commission. It must be con­ place, it is a blank check. There is no other man in. the world was Herbert firmed by the Senate. Let me say to my limitation upon the amount of money Hoover. He sought to have written into colleagues on this side of the aisle that that this program could cost. Legisla­ the Charter some provisions on that sub­ since we have a majority in the Senate, tion so broad may lead to waste and ject, but he failed to succeed. We have if we cannot get good circumspect, com­ wholesale spending of the taxpayers a responsibility to roll back not only the petent people on that commission, it will mon~y. It provides for the establish­ falsehoods and misleading things about be our fault in a Republican Senate. ment and maintenance of schools across this Nation that get abroad in the world, Among those men there must be one who the seas, and for the staffing of these but to develop some good will by the in­ has served in World War II. There schools. It provides for the erection of terchange of students, the interchange must be one who has had motion pic­ installations and for the establishing of of information, the interchange of books, ture experience. There· must be ona such institutions and facilities as are and all that sort of thing. from the newspaper industry. There necessary to carry out the far·-fiung pro­ I intend to vote for a program. I saw must be one from the radio industry. visions of the pending bill. Technicians, its effect in 1945. I came back from over­ There must be a labor representative. engineers, and all other necessary per­ seas the day that the Committee on Ap­ There must be three who represent bust.. sonnel may visit foreign lands and en­ propriations was marking up the war ness. It would be a bipartisan commis .. gage in the construction of public works agencies bill. The committee at the time sion. In the very first section of this under the provisions of the pending b111. was considering the appropriation for the amendment it provides that they shall '!'hese agents may enter into contracts omce of War Information. They asked formulate the policies to be followed and with foreign governments for a period of 1947 CONGRESSIONAL _RECORD-· HOUSE 6979

10 years. These contracts may deal with der the very provisions of the pending ods of teaching and demonstr~ting Eng­ leasing of real property both within and bm the Secretary of State is authorized lish in America I, perhaps, would be for · without the c·ontinental limits of the to ·delegate to other officers of the Gov­ it. But why we are turning that job over United States. It is difficult to conceive ernment the power and authority to to the State DePartment 'is beyond me. of a situation that would grant such un­ maintain and carry out the program un­ The authors of this bill will say: "Oh, limited power and authority. Possibly dertaken by this act. The above pro­ well, the State Department has the power in the consideration of this measure we vision means that the Secretary of State to utilize the services under this bill of have overlooked many tricky provisions would have little or no supervision over ·any other agency of Government." Well, that are _contained in. the 21-page bill. the administration of this program. I they have that power if they so see fit to· There is a provision to establish and shall vote against this pending bill for use it, but so far as I am concerned I maintain in the United States reception the reasons heretofore stated· because I want any power in the field of education centers for foreign students and for vis­ do not believe that it is in the interest of to remain with the Office of Education. itors. All of th~se provisions will be paid America. If a proper bill providing for I may say to my distinguished friend, for by American tax dollars. The Gov­ a clearly defined and regulated American the author of this bill, that I capnot sup­ ernment of the United States does not radio program should be brought before port it unless the amendment ~ffered by provide entertainment at the expense of this Congress based upon the spreading the gentleman from Illinois, this amend­ the taxpayers for the college students in of the truth about America I should· be ment and a number of other amend­ our own country. These students, teach­ delighted to support the same. I feel ments to strike out large and sundry por­ ers, trainees, and professors who are au­ that many Members of Congress share tions of this bill, are agreed to. I am thorized to come to this country are to . the same view. certain that a majority of the member­ be entertained and their expenses paid The CHAffiMAN. The time of the ship of this House will not support this for by the American taxpayers. The gentleman from Tennessee has expired. bill in its present form. pending bill provides that the above stu­ Mr. KEEFE. Mr. Chairman, I offer Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Chairman, will the dents and experts coming into our coun­ · an amendment. gentleman yield? try shall have their transportation ex­ 'l'he Clerk read as follows: Mr. KEEFE. I yield to the gentleman penses, and not to exceed $10 per diem Amendment offered by Mr. KEEFE: Page from South Dakota. subsistence and other expenses paid. 4, line 23, strike out all of line 23 and all of section 204. Mr. MUNDT. Upon assurance that This is shocking to the good judgment of the Office of Education has the authority our people. The $10 per diem is far in Mr. KEEFE. Mr. Chairman-- to make these English demonstrations excess of what we pay our own Govern­ Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Chairman, will the abroad, we have no objection to striking ment employees in our own country. gentleman yield · that I may submit a out this section. · The above provisions are alarming unanimous-consent request? Mr. KNUTSON. Mr. Chairman, will when reports indicate that there are al­ Mr. KEEFE. I yield. the gentleman yield? ready as many as 17,000 foreign students Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Chairman, I ask Mr. KEEFE. I yield to the gentleman studying here in America in ·oqr colleges unanimous consent that all debate on and universities. Many young men who from Minnesota. this amendment and all amendments , Mr. KNUTSON. Would the gentle­ wore the American uniform with honor conclude in 5 minutes. in the defense of this Republic cannot man from South Dakota object to widen­ Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Chairman, ing this so as to teach English to some of enroll in college or un~versity because of I reserve the right to object. these economists down here in the de­ overcrowded conditions. Experience has Mr. DONDERO . . Mr. Chairman, re­ partments who have come here during taught us that before World War II Hit­ serving the right to object-- ler sent students and professors into the last 10 years? Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Chairman, I with- · Mr. KEEFE. Mr. Chairman, we should other countries and thereby gained in­ draw my request. formation and prepared the way for a confine ourselves as much as possible to Mr. KEEFE. Mr. Chairman, I have this bill and discuss it section by section later invasion. Under this bill we throw been privileged to hear every word of de­ open the gates for thousands to come to and if it is not possible to improve the bate on this pending bill and I have not bill, and if we cannot, then we should our shores upon the rePresentation that ·heretofore taken any time to discuss it. they are students. This Government has vote to send this bill back to the com­ Like most of those to whom I am privi­ mittee. Let us have it rewritten and have voted billions of dollars to prevent the leged to speak this afternoon I should spread of communism throughout . the like to vote for a bill that would carry that committee bring back a bill here world and my prediction is we will be out the spirit and purpose of the Voice of that will carry out the spirit and pur- . called upon to vote more money for that America as that voice has been described pose of what we have in mind. That is purpose. I cannot see how we are now to the people of America by its propon­ the only fair, decent thing to do and the only way we can be fail~ to the people of justified in supporting the pending bill ents. Therefore, along with other Mem­ which has no limitation upon the num­ bers o.f Congress I expect to offer anum­ America. We should discuss this bill ber, nationality, or section of the world ber of amendments 'to this pending bill section by section and let the people of from which these students and Com­ that will· attempt as best we can on the America and let the Members of this munist agents, slick-tongued, and floor of Congress, to improve this legis­ Congress know what is in the bill. smooth commentators may come to this lation so that it may at least try to carry There are a lot of people who do not even land for no other purpose than to propa­ out the purpose that its authors have know what is in this bill and will not gandize and attempt to change the minds told the people in America is intended. when we get through. If we discuss it of American youth. Experience has Mr. Chairman, I have offered a simple section by section, perhaps we can write taught us that under our present depor­ a pretty good bill right here on the iloor amendment to strike out section 204. of the House. tation laws it is almost impossible to de­ Section 204 says the Secretary is au­ port individuals when they once come to thorized to provide for the development The CHAffiMAN. The time of the tpis -country. For that reason, I am of and demonstration of better methods of gentleman from Wisconsin has expired. the opinion that we should move slowly teaching the English language-abroad. Mr. BANTA. Mr. Chairman, I move to and proceed with caution. By this legis­ We have an Office oJ Education in Amer­ strike out the last word. lation we are moving out into a broad ica. The Commissioner of Education, Mr. BREHM. Mr. Chairman, will the and· uncharted sea. This bill covers Mr. Studebaker, and his representatives gentleman yield? practically every conceivable subject ex­ have been abroad trying to develop a Mr. BANTA. I yield to the gentleman cept the Voice of America. plan of education. I happen to be from Ohio. I could never face the people of my chairman of the Subcommittee of Appro­ Mr. BREHM. I would like to ask the congressional district or the people of priations that handles the appropriation gentleman this question: If the commit­ America and explain to the good women for the Office of Education. Is there any tee has had this bill under cmisideration of this country why I would vote for a reason in God's world why in this legis­ for 2 years, and have been unable to im­ bill to furnish liquor paid for by Ameri­ lation we should set up the broad power prove it, how in the name of goodness are can taxpayers to support and entertain in the office of the .Secretary of State to we going to write it on the floor of the delegations and student groups from develop and demonstrate better methods House in a matter of 2 or 3 days? We other countries who would be permitted of teaching English abroad? If they had Will, in all probability, get it more con­ to come to America under this bill. Un- in here the development of better meth- fUsed than it now is, if that be possible. 6980 CONGRESSIONAL REC_ORD-HOUSE JUNE 13" . Mr. BANTA. Mr. Chairman, I think to send our citizens abroad, without Public Opinion asked the people this the gentleman is right. It appears limit as to number, all expenses to be question: "Do you think our Government as the debate upon this bill proceeds that paid by our Government. should spend money for radio broadcasts the large number of men who have spoken It authorizes the exchange of litera­ to the Russian people, giving them an in opposition to it would have no objec­ ture and translat1ons with other coun­ honest picture of America and of our tion to taking a bill which would provide tries, without limit, and· at our expense. Government's policies?" I wonder if Mr. for a sane and sensible Voice of America. It authorizes the Secretary of State to George Gallup, who conducted the poll, I should not oppose such a bill if someone provide assistance to schools, libraries, or any of his associates, ever read this could devise it, -but even so, I doubt very and community centers abroad, without so-called Voice of America bill. much if even a gentleman with the elo­ limit, and at our expense. Only 1 page and 3 lines of the 21- quence of our distinguished colleague It authorizes him to develop and dem­ page bill deal with the broadcasting of from Illinois, Mr. EVERETT DIRKSEN, who onstrate better methods for teaching the radio programs to other countries. is one of the most persuasive debaters English language abroad and at our ex­ There are 20 pages of provisions, such who speaks to this House, could win an pense. as I have mentioned, yet its sponsors argument with Soviet Russia in a radio If any other country should want any refer to it as authorizing the Voice of broadcasting program of any length of our citizens who are trained in scien­ America. whatsoever. There are not enough radios tific, technical, or professional fields, It is far more than that. One Con­ in Russia to begin with, and, moreover, whether or not these persons are em­ gressman remarked in debate on the the convictions which he has.with respect ployed by our own Government, the Sec­ House floor, ''This bill is the largest, most to America and the convictions which retary is authorized to assign them for far-reaching blank check for power and Soviet Russia has with respect to America duty in the country requesting their serv­ money that has ever been before this are so divergent that it would be the ices-and at our expense. The only re­ House." voices of two nations wasted upon thin striction is that they cannot help any I cannot approve the spending of un­ air, and the money which sponsored foreign country train or equip its armed limited amounts for a program as broad, them would be wasted. We should not forces. as vague, and impractical as the one sug­ waste any of our money. Is it not rather The bill goes so far as to permit any gested by the State Department. paradoxical that this Nation has spent person assigned to a foreign country to They ask that we pay for people from more than $12,000,000,000 of its money in accept an office in that country's gov­ other countries to travel in the United Europe since VJ-day and that now there ernment, to perform official functions, States. These sightseeing jaunts around are those who advocate to the American and in all respects to become an officer our scenic country at the Government's people and to this Congress that we must of such foreign government-but, again, expense might be very pleasant, but I hereafter spend $31,000,000 more an­ all at the expense of the United States. think you agree that this pleasure hardly nually for the State Department to tell That is not all. The Secretary of is justified at the expense of our already them that we have spent that amount of State is authorized, by the terms of the overburdened taxpayers. money and what we have spent it for? bill, to draw upon all other departments And we are to pay for official enter­ Is it not paradoxical that this Congress and agencies of our Government for per­ tainment-another very elastic phrase. provided $750,000,000 to feed the needy sonnel, technicians, and others, a.nd to Does it mean we pay for champagne-or people of Greece, a,nd incidentally to help use the services and facilities of any vodka if the representatives of the pro­ sustain an army in Turkey, and then other Government agency to carry out gram ever get inside Russia? Or if they consider spending $31,000,000 more or this super good-will program. With the visited the Missopri Ozarks, maybe the some other sum to tell those people to agency's consent, these people can be sent official entertainment would include whom we are sending that money that it abroad, or used as escorts for groups of sampling some of our corn liquor. In is our Government and our money that persons from other countries to be view of the· stories that come back from is providing the relief? What kind of }?rought })ere to trayel. throughout the int~rnational meetings and diplomatic thing are we undertaking to put over on United States. Our Government will pay functions, we would be naive to expect the American people? all traveling expenses of the foreign vis­ that the uniimited funds i·equested for Only yesterday or the day before I itors, plus the salaries and the expenses official entertainment are not intended noted in a local newspaper the results of df the escorts. to provide an ample supply of spirits. the Gallup poll on the Voice of America. What a haven this bill would provide Just how much this whole idealistic The uninitiated and the innocent and for all the Government employees forced scheme eventually would cost the Gov­ those who know nothing about the pro­ out as we abandon the New Deal and ernment is not mentioned in the bill. visions of this bill believe that this covers wartime bureaus. But the bill merely authorizes appro­ it. Here is what it says: The bill even authorizes the Secretary priations to carry out its purposes. If of State "to· provide for and pay the ex­ Sentiment found about 50-50 on United the $31,000,000 estimated to be required States broadcasts to Russia. penses of attendance at meetings or con­ annually proves to be inadequate, then ventions of societies and associations you can rest assured Congress will be ex­ Is there anything in this bill that concerned with furthering the purposes pected to agree to the spending of untold would limit broadcasts to Russia? They of this act." There is no limit as to the millions more. polled the American people, and this is number of persons who might attend, no Since VJ-day, the United States has the question that was asked: limit on the number of conventions, and spent more than $12,000,000,000 for re­ Do you think our Government should they may be held any place in the world. lief in Europe alone. Is there any logic spend money for radio broadcasts to the There are a great many societies in this in a policy that says we will give the Russian people-giving them an honest pic­ country, and not all of them wholly needy countries of the world the food, ture of America and of our Government's friendly to democratic processes, who clothes, and equipment that they need policies? not only would happily accept this op­ so desperately, and then spend millions Few people, at first blush, find any portunity to meet at Government ex­ more to tell them who provided the re­ fault with that if they feel we can spare pense, but who would put pressure on the lief? Must we pay the salaries of count­ the money, but this bill goes far beyond Department to finance their conventions less administrators of our $750,000,000 that. It provides for many other in foreign countries. • · program of aid to Greece and Turkey, things. No sponsor of the bill has ever And even this is not all. The bill gives and then spend millions more to inform explained to my satisfaction what the the Secretary and all personnel who are the people of those countries what those true purposes of it are. They seem to me · to be engaged in this strange pursuit of administrators are doing and whom they to be anything approved by the Secretary selling America to the world, the author­ represent? of State. ity to furnish "official entertainment We are the only country in the world Under the terms, Congress is being necessary for the purposes of the act." that is giving away anything. If these asked to give this same State Depart­ I wonder how many American people gifts do not sound a louder Voice of ment, not only authority to broadcast its have any idea·of what this bill the State America than endless radio broadcasts, programs, but to grant to the Secretary Department is asking actually provides. then we would better 'spend the extra of State the authority to bring persons The press refers to it as the Voice of money properly training the personnel from other countries, including students America program. A Nation-wide poll of the Foreign Service and the adminis­ and professors, to the United Stat~s. and conducted by the American Institute of trators of our relief programs. 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 6981 America needs no selling program. fact, I think he is most apprehensive eral Marshall or President Truman talk Millions would like to enter our country about the whole business, 1f the truth and talk and talk about peace, and then now if our immigration laws did not keep were to be known. send our bombers and our warships all · them out. It is known all over the world The gentleman who just preceded me over the world, or to hear them talk of as the land of freedom and opportunity. referred to $12,000,000,000 having been peace and in the same breath demand I feel , as I know other Americans do, spent in Europe since VJ-day. I am universal military training and a thou­ deep injustice, if the very countries to appealing to your common sense. If sand and one other wasteful military which we are handing money and food $12,000,000,000 would not change Eu­ projects. and clothing are being flooded with in­ rope's attitude what in the world will What we should do is come before the formation that attempts to discredit our $31,000,000 do? As a Republican I was United Nations day after day after day country. But opening our own flood­ elected on an economy program, and with constructive, positive, affirmative__ gates of propaganda will not stop this. as a member of the Committee on Public proposals to assist in the reconstru~tion No sensible citizen in this country today Works I know that our committee has of the broken economies of the world and believes that we can engage to our ad­ frowned on all public works because of with proposals to ~aintain genuine dem­ vantage in a short-wave debate with economy. ocratic governments throughout the Russia, or that anything we say over the As I see it, all we are doing with this world. radio will have any effect on the Russian $31,000,000 is throwing it down a rat hole. The world hears us when we speak be­ program of aggression: No good will come from it. Sure, some fore the United Nations. The world In fact there is no proof that the Voice boondoggling in Europe will be carried hears us and sees what we do. Thirty of America broadcasts reach any signifi­ on. Of course, we will have radio broad­ millions of dollars wasted on poppycock cant number of listeners in Europe. casts and publications, but who will read will never hide the constant threats of Eighteen countries send radio broadcasts them and who will listen to them? If war which pour from our present admin­ our way, with a total of about 37 program $12,000,000,000 spent in Europe since VJ­ istration, nor will $30,000,000 in jazz rec­ hours dally. Yet how many of these day will not change the hearts of these ords hide the fact that military adven­ programs have you heard? If they have people as far as the United States of ture and military alliances are the basic any effect on the opinions of the average America is concerned, what will $31,000,- theme of the present administration's American, I have yet to discover it. 000 do? As the gentleman from Okla­ foreign policy. There is far less chance that our pro­ homa pointed out, 3,000,000 men went The substance of our foreign policy is grams are heard by a worth-while num­ overseas, and billions of dollars were what we need to change, Mr.· Chairman. ber of people in foreign countries. spent-$400,000,000,000-to sell America, By our deeds we shall be known. By their votes in the last election, the to sell the heart of America. If that has I suggest, Mr. Chairman, that the American people indicated they want to not sold America, what great miracles $30,000,000 requested by the Voice of will curb our Nation.'s reckless spending, and be wrought with this $31,000,000 ·America is made in a spirit of fear. to limit the power of bureaucracy. They boondoggle? Some bright young man in the State De­ said then that they are not in· favor of The world will think well of us or ill partment bureaucracy believes that radio blank checks and unlimited ppwer to any of us, depending entirely upon one records and speeches can hide the sub­ department,of government. · · thing-what we do. Perhaps sometimes stance of our present military foreign I hope tne true voice of America will we should remember the Scripture-"By policy. Such a hope is sheer folly. be .heard again, and in the Congress, be­ their fruits ye shall know them." Abraham Lincoln once said: fore this bill becomes a law. By our actions we will be known-by what we do, not by what we say; not by You can fool all of the people some of the . Mr. BENDER. Mr. Chairman, l rise in time and some of the people all of the time, opposition to the pro forma amendment. what some radio commentator or jazz but you cannot fool all of the people all ·of Mr. Chairman, an influential P1ember band or comedian or entertainer or some the time. of this body remarked to me just a State Department bureaucrat may say. moment ago, "Don't 31QU think we are Not what we say, but what we do-this is Perhaps, Mr. Chairman, our State De­ losing ground today? Don't you see that what will gain us friendship. partment should ponder those words. the committee is willing and ready to Throughout modern history, tides of Thirty millions of dollars, three hundred accept every amendment that is offered? immigration have brought new life, new millions of dollars, three billions of dol­ They are willing to take anything that skills, and new people to build our Nation lars spent on popaganda will not hide is offered. ·Any amendment that comes into . its present greatness. For more the fact from the people of America or along, like the amendment of the gen­ than a hundred years liberty-loving peo­ from the people of the world that tlle tleman from Wisconsin, will be accepted. ples everywhere in the world have looked present administration has launched this So will Mr. DIRKSEN's amendment. They to the United States. M-ore· than this, Nation on the path of war and on the will accept every amendment, just so they whenever distress has occurred and dis­ path of unilateral military alliances with can pass the old Bloom bill, renamed the asters have occurred anywhere in the corrupt and reactionary governments Mundt bill." They did not fare so well world, the record of the United States everywhere on the globe. 2 years ago with the Republican side. for generous aid has been without paral­ This is the substance of the Truman Mr. VORYS. The bill passed by a two­ lel. The plain people everywhere in the foreign policy. thirds majority. world have confidence in the American The blunt fact is, Mr. Chairman, that Mr. BENDER. Today the gentleman form of government, and expect us now if we appropriate this $30,000,000, we will from Illinois [Mr. DIRKSEN] referred to in the present world crisis to behave in have become an accessory to the foreign General Marshall in glowing terms, and a democratic manner. policy of the Truman administration I share his views of General Marshall. What we need is not a State Depart­ which the people of this country are go­ However, General Marshall is not infalli­ ment broadcast program but a basic ing to turn out of office in 1948. If we ble. General Marshall has made some change in our whole foreign policy from vote for this $30,000,000, we will be voting mistakes, some very glaring mistakes. one of military aggrandizement and mil­ for an endless number of similar projects Any man in his position would make itary alliances and maintenance of enor­ all of which will be a complete waste of mistakes. He is not before us. He is not · mous militarY, forces. We need, Mr. the taxpayers' money. The Congress of part of this bill. · Chairman, to retrace the steps which the the United States as an equal branch of Another gentleman's name was Truman administration has taken us on the United States -Government has the brought into the discussion, Herbert the road to war. We need to come be­ power and responsibility to say "No'' Hoover. I have observed in recent fore the United Nations and present to when the evidence is overwhelmingly months that Herbert Hoover is in good them the problems confronting us in the against proposals of the executive de­ standing again, even among Democratic building of peace. We need to advise partment. This demand for $30,000,000 Members of this House. Lauding Her­ with and work with all other nations in exhibits once again the utter disregard bert Hoover was not so popular 3, 4, 6, or the world through the organization for the interests of the American tax­ 8 years ago, but now they are paying which can be the organized conscience of payer which the administration daily ex­ great and glowing tributes to him. How­ mankind; namely, the United Nations. hibits. ever; Herbert Hoover has not said any­ And in that great forum, we need to give Mr. BREHM. Mr. Chairman, I offer thing about this bill. As a matter ot leadership. It is pot pretty to hear Gen- a preferential motion. 6982 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 13 The Clerk read as follows: The question was taken; and on a di­ Mr. GWYNNE of Iowa. Mr. Cl:}.air­ Mr. BREHM moves that the Committee do vision r representation, as Do you think the people of Russia are Chair did not hear him. they call it, most of which is for liquor going to hear this broadcast, the Voice of Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Chairman, the and things of that. kind. We ought to America? Do not deceive ourselves. point is 'the Chair neither saw nor heard be above that sort of thing, and not fol­ Over there the Government owns every­ me, but I was on my feet seeking recog­ low such procedure in order to try to get thing . . The people can hear what the nition when the gentleman from South along with foreigners. Government wants them to hear, and Dakota [Mr. MuNDT] said that the time Mr. MASON. Mr. Chairman, will the nothing more. They can read only what had been fixed. gentleman yield? the Government wants them to read, and The CHAIRMAN. The Chair assumes Mr. REES. I yield. nothing more. They can see only what that that is true. Mr. MASON. In the other bill, it was the Government wants them to see, and The Clerk will report the amendment limited to a specific amount, but this nothing more. When it comes to using offered by the gentleman from Kansas bill has no limit. • the power of the Government they will [Mr. REES]. Mr. REES. That is right. The other print in a Russian newspaper only that The Clerk read as follows: bill was limited to half a million dollars. which is critical of the· United States, Amendment offered by Mr. REEs: On page I think last year they spent over $600,- such as strikes and unemployment, and . 6, line 3, after the word "agency", strike out 000 for the same thing in Foreign Serv­ nothing else.. .They wili show nothing in the remainder of section 302. · ' ice. Here there is no limitation at all, their theaters except films which show except as may be approved by offic~rs in the United States at a disadvantage, like Mr. REES .. Mr. Chairman, section 302 the Department. the Grapes of Wrath. Do you think they reads as follows: Mr. Chairman, I hope the Committee are going to accept a program such as Any person, while assigned for service to will adopt my. amendment. this bill carries and let 'their people know or in cooperation with another government Mr. LODGE. Mr. Chairman, I rise in under the authority of this act, shall be con­ about it? Even if they did, I understand sidered, for the purpose of preserving his opposition to the amendment. there. are only some 50,000 radio sets in rights, allowances, and privileges as such, an Mr. Chairman, I hope this amendment all of Rus:Sia, in a population of more officer or employee of the Government of the will- be defeated · because I believe it is than 200,000,000 people. United States and of the Government agency important for the people whom we send I do not think you can amend this bill from which assigned and he shall continue to overseas to have some representational­ good enough so I can. vote for it. receive compensation from that agency. · He lowance. In my own experience I know The CHAIRMAN. The time of the may also receive, under such regulations as what it is like not to have such an al­ gentleman from Michigan has expired. the President may prescribe, representation allowances similar to those allowe'd under lowance. I know how important it can All time has expired. section 901 {3) of the Foreign Service Act of be to. be able to entertain and to be able The question is on the amendment 1946 {60 Stat. 999). to invite people to dinner and talk over offered by the gentleman from 'Califor­ matters of common interest. I think it nia [Mr. BRADLEY]. In other words, any person who is as­ is an important part of Otlr entire· rep­ The question was taken; and on a di­ signed for service may also have repre­ resentation overseas, whether it occurs vision (demanded by Mr. BRADLEY) there sentation allowances similar to the allow­ in the diplomatic service, in the Army, were-ayes 87, noes 24. ances that have been allowed our repre- or in the Navy. I suggest to you that So the amendment was agreed to. sentatives abroad. · we in this Congress have not been·remiss The Clerk read as follows: About 2 weeks ago the House approved in accepting- entertainment from time STATUS AND ALLOWANCES of a half million dollars for so-called rep­ to time when it has come our way. It SEc. 302. Any person, while assigned for resentation allowances. I think it was seems to me that we should look upon this service to or in cooperation with another generally understood.on the floor of the question with a great deal more sym­ government under the authority of this act, House, and brought out in the hearings, pathy than we do. .It is not my idea that shall be· considered, for the purpose of pre­ that that fund or at least 75 percent. of it people should have unlimited· funds to serving his rights, allowances, and privileges goes for entertainment and to buy liquor. squander, but I simply say that other as such, an officer or employee of the Gov­ and things of that kind, which are un- nations have· these representation al­ ernment of the United States and of the . necessary and uncalled for. Government agency from which as:igned and ·lowances and it puts the greatest Nation he shall continue to receive compensation 'I'his bill would· spend $31,000,000 and in the world in a rather pe.culiar posi­ from that agency. He may also receive, un­ then you also give these employees or tion for its representatives to have no der such regulations as the President may representatives funds in addition to· the such allowance when the other nations prescribe, representation allowances similar $500,000 that you provided for the other have liberal allowances along this line. to those allowed under section 901 ( 3) of representatives to buy liquor and such If this practice is abused, if these funds the Foreign Service Act of 1946 ( 60 Stat. things. are squandered, then the personnel in 999). The authorization of. such allowances The whole thing was a serious matter. and other benefits and the payment t_hereof question should be replaced. out of any appropriations available therefor We are going to have men and women Mr. REES. Mr. Chairman, will the shall be considered as meeting all the require­ representing this country who can han­ gentleman yield? ments of section 1765 of the Revised Statutes. dle this thing without having to go out Mr. LODGE. I yield. and buy liquor and things of that kind Mr. REES. Does the gentleman think Mr. REES. Mr. Chairman, I offer an to entertain these foreigners abroad. just because foreign countries spend amendment. We are getting into the same old situa­ their money entertaining at liquor Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Chairman, a tion that we did in these other bills. I parties that we have to follow along their parliamentary inquiry. refer to a policy that in order to get . line? The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman will along with foreigners abroad you have Mr. LODGE. I did not say liquor state it. to buy liquor and have parties and give parties. . Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Chairman, when extravagant dinners and have all that Mr. REES. Does not the gentleman the amendment offered by the gentle­ sort of flurry and fuss. A certain amount think that after all we can get along man from California was voted on, I of funds for food is all right, of course, without that sort of thing? had on the Clerk's desk an amendment · but not just run it into the ground. Mr. LODGE. I know that I personally to strike out the last three or four lines There is no limitation here. Let us save spent a great deal of my own money dur­ of that paragraph. Was that amend­ a part of this money. Let us use a little ing th.e last war entertaining members ment out of order? common sense. Use a little sobriety and of foreign navies overseas. I think it The CHAI~MAN. No. In answer to strike this out of the bill. was a useful thing to do. I think such the inquiry of the gentleman: the Chair I trust you will go along with me and encouragement to friendly cooperation will state that the Chair has no infor­ support this amendment. If you are se­ helped to win the war: They will aid mation as to amendments on the Clerk's rious about it, you will adopt this amend­ in winning the peace. · desk or what they contain. That infor­ ment. There is no good reason for Mr. REES. I regret that the gentle­ mation is brought to the attention of granting this allowance in addition to man finds it is necessary for the prosecu- 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 6985 tion of the peace that we have to do this That Is a testimonial last week from Sng associations, agencies, and societies, sort of thing. Austria. and I quote from title 7: Mr. LOPGE. I ·do not say necessary. This bill reminds me of the time when TITLE VII-ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES I say it is desirable for such American a :fish peddler came down the street with THE SECRETARY representatives to have an entertain­ his little cart. He stopped at a house SEC. 701. In carrying out the purposes of· ment allowance for the prosecution of and the lady came out and took one of this act, the Secretary Is authorized, ih addi­ the peace. It responds .to a factor in his :fish out of the wagon to inspect it, tion to and not in limitation of the authority human nature. · I imagine that most of Then she was afflicted with that inde­ otherwise vested in him- the Members of this Congress have from cision that sometimes characterizes femi­ ( 1) In carrying out title n of this act, time to time had occasion to. appreciate nine shoppers and she was un~ble .to within the limitation of such appropriations make up her mind. The peddler in ex­ as the Congress may provide, to make grants the value of this sort .of thing. of money, services, or materials to State and Mr. VORYS. Mt. Chairman, will the asperation shouted: "Lady, lady, if you local governmental institutions in the gentleman yield? don't like the fish, put him back in the United States, to governmental institutions Mr. LODGE. I yield. wagon." in other countries, and to individuals and Mr. VORYS. Is it not true that the From all we have heard here about public or private nonprofit organizations Congress voted themselves $2,500 ex­ this proposal it seems we might better both in the United States and in other . pense allowance and part of the argu­ put it back in the wagon by sendin·g it countries; (2) t o furnish, sell, or rent, by contract ment given on the :floor was the expense back to the committee. or otherwise, educational and information of entertaining constituents? .. Mr. MANSFIELD of Montana. Mr. materials and equipment for dissemination Mr. HOFFMAN. 0 Mr. Chairman, Chairman, will the gentleman yield? to, or use by, peoples of foreign countries; now will the gentleman yield? Was it Mr. BUFFETT. I yield. (3) in carrying out title V of this act, to purchase liquor? Mr. MANSFIELD 'of Montana. The to purchase, rent, construct, improve, main­ gentleman referred a moment ago to a tain, and operate facilities for radio trans­ The CHAffiMAN. The time of the mission and reception, including the leasing gentleman from Connecticut [Mr. report sent back by Knickerbocker with of real property both within and without LoDGE] has expired. regard to how many people in Russia the continental limits of the United States Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Chairman, I won­ heard this program. In the committee for periods not to exceid 10 years, or for der if we can reach some agreement as hearings I asked Gen. Bedell Smith spe­ longer periods if provided for by the appro­ to time on this amendment. 1 ask unan­ cifically about that very matter. priation act; I read from the hearings as follows: (4) to furnish official entertainment when imous consent that all debate on this sec­ provided for by the appropriation act; tion, and all amendments thereto, close Mr. MANSFIELD. You have answered part (5) to establish and maintain in the in· 12 minutes. of my next question which is, are these radio United States reception centers for foreign The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection sets geared to Russian stations only, .or are students and for visitors representative of to the request of the gentleman from t hey capable of picking up outside stations? the fields listed in section 201 above; General SMITH. Most of theJll are sets (6) to provide for printing and binding South Dakota? capable of handling short wave. You see, There was no objection. outside the continental limits of the United the Soviet Union is a country of vast dis­ States, without regard to section 11 of the Mr. BUFFETT. Mr. Chairman, I tances, and a great deal of }?roadcasting from act of March 1, 1919 (44 U.S. C. 111); · move to strike out the last word. Moscow is done by short wave. The ma­ (7) to employ, without regard to the civil­ Mr. Chairman, I want to add some jority of the ones that I have mentioned service and classification laws, when such new testimony to corroborate what the will handle short wave and receive our employment is provided for by the appro­ gentleman from Michigan [Mr. DoNDERo] broadcasts witnout any difficulty. priation act, (i) persons on a temporary said a few minutes ago about whether Mr. MANSFIELD. Is there any attempt ·being basis, and (ii) aliens within the United made to jam our broadcasts? States, but such employment of aliens shall or not these broadcasts would be heard General SMITH. None whatsoever. be limited to services related to the transla­ in Russia. tion or narration of colloquial speech in ·. Here is the report of an interview with Mr. BUFFETT. You can interpret foreign languages when suitably qualified one who recently escaped from behind that testimony in several ways. Per­ United States citizens are not available; and the iron curtain. Cholly Knickerbocker sonally, I normally would prefer the tes­ (8) to create such advisory committees in the New York Journal-American on timony of one who has lived among the as the Secretary may decide to be of assist­ June 10 reports it as follows: rank and file of the people over that ance in formulating his policies for carryil~.g from the embassies, where the thinking out the purposes of this act. . No committee A gaunt, gray-haired man, the terror of may be somewhat in:tluenced by what the member shall be allowed any salary or other what he had left b~hind still in his eyes, compensation for services; but he may be sat across our desk. • • • He was a State Department desires. paid his actual transportation expenses, and Catholic priest from Croatia, and a former The CHAffiMAN. The time of the not to exceed $10 per diem in lieu of sub­ professor of economics at one of the uni­ gentleman from Nebraska has expired.· sistence and other expenses, while away from versities there. • • • The man had The gentleman from California [Mr. his home in attendance upon meetings with­ only escaped from Russian-dominated McDONOUGH] is recognized for 5 minutes. in the United States or in consultation with Europe only a few weeks before. • the Department under instructions. Here is a condensation of what he told us: Mr. McDONOUGH. Mr. Chairman, I American 1·adio broadcasts to Russia are have tried to take a fair and impartial GOVERNMEN'l' AGENCIES absolutely worthless. There are only a few View of this whole situation throughout SEC. 702. In carrying on activities which people in Russia-all top party members­ the days we have been debating the bill, further the purposes of this act, subject to who can receive an American broadcast. All a practical view as to what value it is to approval of such activities by the Secre­ other radio sets in Russia are fixed so they the United States, and the amount of tary, the Department and the other Govern­ can only tune in Soviet stations. ment agencies are authorized- money we shall be called upon to appro­ ( 1) to place orders and make purchases That is the testimony of one who has priate to meet the situation. and rentals of materials and equipment; been behind the iron curtain about As I recall the $31,000,000 in the origi­ (2) to make contracts, including con­ broadcasts to Russia. Then here is a nal budget request that was knocked out tracts with governmental agencies, foreign report by Karl Von Wiegand, American on a point of order did not include the or domestic, including subdivisions thereat, and intergovernmental organizations of correspondent of the New York Journal­ broad aspects of the present bill that is which the United States is a member, and, American in central Europe: before us at all; it was merely in there with respect to contracts entered into in A well-known former Austrian diplomat as the recommendation of the Secretary foreign countries, without regard to section telephoned me today that there is "great of State for broadcasting. As a result 3741 of the Revised Statutes (41 U.S. C. 22) ; uneasiness in the American, British, and of its being knocked out a bill was pre­ (3) under such regulations as the Secre­ French zones of Austria. What good to us sented to the Foreign Affairs Commit­ tary may prescribe, to pay the transportation are the daily broadcasts to Austria Vetce tee-and from what source I do not exp~nses, and not to exceed $10 per diem in of America telling us · of peace, prosperity, know; evidently the State Department lieu of subsistence and other expenses, .of and freedom in your democracy? The Allies citizens or subjects of other countries, with­ promised us peace, independence, and free­ had something to do with it--to broaden out regard to the Standardized Government dom. Two long years we have waited and it so as to permit the bringing into this Travel Regulations and the Subsistence Act we see no sign of your promises being made country of students for exchange for of 1926, as amended; good. Our faith in the west - 1s .sinking educational purposes and, as you .all (4) under ·such regulations as the Secre­ fast." know, for many other purposes, includ- tary may prescribe, wit hout regard to the '6986 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 13 StandardiZed Government Travel Regula­ were here through the benevolence of The question was taken; and on a divi­ tions and the Subsistence Act of 192.6, as this country. The type of stud,ents you amended, to provide for planned travel sion . (demanded by Mr. MUNDT) there. itineraries within the United States by groups would get otherwise would be those that were-ayes 45, noes 59. of citizens or subjects of other countries, to their government desired to be here, not So the amendment was rejected. . pay the expenses of such travel, and to de­ those who desired on their own part to The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will read . tail, as escorts of such groups, officers and come here, as the 17,000 who are in this The Clerk read as follows: employees of the Government, whose ex­ co_untry at the present time. I do not ACCEPTANCE OF OFFICE UNDER ANOTHER penses may be paid out of funds advanced or object to broadcasting, as limited as it GOVERNMENT transferred by the Secretary for the general . may be in reaching the sources we hope SEC. 303. Any person while assigned for expenses of the itineraries; to reach, but I certainly believe that the (5) to make grants for, and to pay ex­ service to or in cooperation with another . bill in its broad aspects should be recom­ government under ~uthority of this act may, penses incident to, training and stu~y; and (6) to provide for, and pay t he expenses mitted and revised by the Foreign Affairs at the discretion of his Government agency, of, attendance at meetings or conventions Committee before being finally approved with the concurrence of the Secretary, and of societies and associations concerned with by the House. without additional compensation therefor, ( furthering the purposes of this act when We should be thinking and doing more accept an office under the government to provided for by the appropriation act. which he is assigned, if the acceptance of for our veterans who are in educational such an office in the opinion of such agency These are very broad powers. institutions in this country, who need is necessary to pe;rmit the effective perform­ Insofar as delivering the Voice of additional aid to carry on· their studies ance of duties for which he is assigned, in­ America to that part of Europe and Asia and take care of their families. We have cluding the making or approving on behal! that will receive it, I have no objection, many obligations here at home to look of such foreign government the disburse­ although even that has certain restric­ after before we add more benefits to for­ ment of funds provided by such government eign countries·, which have reached into or of receiving from such foreign government tions and inhibitions. I am hot con­ f'ijnds for deposit and disbursement on behalf vinced that the Voice will be heard by the billions of dollars. of such government, in carrying our programs people we hope it will be heard by. The CHAIRMAN. The time of the undertaken pursuant to this act. What assurances do we have that the gentleman from California has expired. Voice of America going into the satellite The gentleman from Nebraska [Mr. Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Chairman, I of­ MILLER J is recognized. fer an amendment. countries of Russia will not be monitored The .Clerk read as follows: by the Russian Government and rebroad­ Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. Mr. Chair­ cast to suit their own purpose? If it is man, I want to ask a question of the Amendment offered by Mr. HOFFMAN: Page received directly by any receiving set in Committee as to what it considers the 6, strike out section 303. · that area, there can be contradictory representation allowance to be? Some­ Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Chairman, it statements made over their own broad­ thing was said about the salaries of indi­ must be evident to the members of the casting system to . discount ours. That viduals outside this country. I note in committee that this bill as brol!ght in by is the practical view I am taking of this the State Department hearings, page 397, · the committee does not meet with the thing. It may take several million dol­ that the individuals under this-program approval, at least, of the majority Mem­ lars to do it. of the OIC draw the following salaries: ber-s though it has the support of our At Moscow, $18,600; ·Paris, $17,360; ·Lon­ - political opponents. The bill is too broad and I think not don, $16,960; Rome, $16,000; Ankara, thought out sufficiently by the Foreign Now, undoubtedly the committee did $15,200; Nanking, $15,060. I suppose its best. It brought in a bill which, at Affairs Committee to be passed in its that includes the representation allow- present form. It should be recommitted. the time, it thought was the best bill that ance? · could be written. But someone put It should be brought down-to the point Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Chairman, will the where those of us who feel from a prac­ gentleman yield? · something over on the Republican mem­ tical point of view we could support it if Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. I yield to bers of that committee. Subsequently, it were a broadcast proposition, rather the gentleman from ·south Dakota. · and since the discussion and debate on than having it on the broader scale which the floor, the gentleman from South Mr. MUNDT. May I say to the gen­ Dakota [Mr. MuNDT] in charge of this includes the many other things it now tleman that those are figures which in­ contains. I am told that there are-and clude your change in living costs because bill has suggested several times that he I note from press reports that there are­ of the highly inflationary conditiQns wanted this bill debated section by sec­ some 17,000 students in the United States overseas. In justfce to our employees tion and amendments offered, and we are from foreign sources at the present time. over there, as the gentleman knows, be­ ·pursuing that policy, In behalf. of his I am also told by a member of the For- · cause he has traveled abroad, we provide committee he has accepted several eign Affairs Committee that this bill these allowances. It really does not give amendments-evidently se~king support would regulate that situation to the point a true picture as to your representation for the bill. that perhaps there would be less than account, for it includes money with We all know the difficulty of writing a 17,000 students in this country under the which to supply food to people, if you good bill on the floor . . Where a bill is as bill. If they want to exchange students, invite them to dinner to discuss a prob­ bad as is this bill, it is almost impossible then the Foreign Affairs Committee lem, the same as if you were a salesman to correct its faults on· the floor. It ought to be broad enough to realize that for an American business concern. It is would seem to me that it would be for tl;}e restriction in the bill will cut down a legitimate, well-established practice. the benefit of the party, at least it would this number and there will be less bene­ It certainly does not involve drinking be party wisdom, for the majority mem­ fit from the exchange of students from bouts, or licentious parties of any kind. bers of the committee to withdraw thiS foreign countries if the bill is passed. · I can set the gentleman's mind at rest bill, ask to have it recommitted to the There is now a broad exchange. An­ in that respect. committee, and then call in, after read­ other aspect of the bill is that we are Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. On page ing the RECORD of the last 3 days' debate; endeavoring to have the people of Europe 13, section 4, money is provided to fur­ those gentlemen who might wish to ap­ and Asia believe in freedom, liberty, and nish official entertainment. At the prop­ pear and offer amendments and rewrite independence, which, incidentally, in my er time I hope the gentleman will ex­ the bill in committee. Let us wash our opinion, are virtues to be acquired, not plain what official entertainment is. white linen, if you wish to call it that, to be sold. You cannot tell any country Mr. MUNDT. Yes; for instance, a the Republican linen, in committee1 because they do not have independence public dinner given in honor of a distin­ either through a conference of the Re­ that they ought to acquire it. They know guished visiting guest would be official publican members of that committee ot that without being told. Freedom is entertainment. a conference of all the Republican~. and something they have to work for. We 'l'he CHAIRMAN. The time of the see where we stand. Many a vote on do not have it to sell over the radio. gentleman from Nebraska has expired. amendments has· shown that the Re .. These students who are here now on their All time has expired. publicans are not in favor of this bill. own resources, in my opinion, are far The question is on the amendment of­ A small group of Republicans, backed more respectable· in the fact they are fered by the gentleman from Kansas by a united Democratic Party, are put­ here on their own, rather than if they [Mr. REESJ. ting across a New Deal measure. 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 6987 I recall distinctly the other day that Mr. HO:PFMAN. Yes; but that ts no The CHAIRMAN. The 'time of the an overwhelming majority of the Re­ reason why we should attempt to legalize gentleman from Pennsylvania has ex­ publicans wanted to strike the enacting the practice, and the gentleman's state­ pired. clause of this bill. Of the Republicans ment fs forewarning of wbat is apt to Mr. FULTON. Mr. Chairman-- -87 voted to kill the bill; 53 Republicans, happen under the bill ff accepted as Mr. GAVlN. Mr. Chairman, will the with Democratic support,· kept it alive. written. gentleman yield? Why should we not now take the bill back Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Chairman, I rise in . Mr. FULTON. I yield. to the committee and let the committee, opposition to the amendment. Mr. GAVIN. I wonder if the gentle­ as suggested~ rewrite it? Mr. Chairman, I ask unanimous con­ man would permit me to complete these Now, to go back a moment. The com­ sent that all debate on this amendment few lines? I would appreciate it very mittee is headed by a distinguished close in 5 minutes; not on the section, much. I thank the gentleman, my former clergyman. But he either for­ because there are other amendments to friend and colleague from Pennsylvania got to tell the committee or the commit-. the section. tee disregarded the suggestion made for consideration given me. long, long years ago that no man can Mr. GAVIN. I object, Mr. Chairman. Mr. FULTON. I yield to t-he gentle­ serve two masters. If you will turn to Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Chairman, I ask man, my able colleague from Pennsyl­ page 5 you will find in section 302 that- unanimous consent that all debate on vania. this amendment cease in 15 ·minutes, Mr. As Any person, while assigned for service to GAVIN. I was saying, he goes or in cooperation with a.nother government and I will include myself tn that. The on to say: under the authority of this act, shall be chairman can divide up the time. If this is true, and if the understanding considered, for the purpose of preserving his The CHAIRMAN. Is· there objection they acquire contributes to our security, rights, allowances, and privileges as such, to the request of the gentleman from then we should invite such students not J:n an otflcer or employee of the Government of South Dakota? terms of a few score or a few hundreds but the United States. ln terms of thousands. And we should There was no objection. widen the area from which we assist such So he has one master there in that The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog­ students, not limit it to Latin America. section. nizes the gentleman from Pennsylvania We must widen our horizons and raise our Then, over in this section where I seek [Mr. GAVIN]. sights. This will require the basic legis­ to strike certain words, it provides that Mr. GAVIN. Mr. Chairman, there has lation, to which I have referred, and it will when he is so assigned his duties will in­ been a great deal of taik-- then require a budget. · clude the making or approving on behalf Mr. HOFFMAN.. Mr. Chairman, will Mr. Chairman, I thank my colleague of such foreign government of · the dis­ the gentleman yield? from Pennsylvania [Mr. FuLTON) very bursement of funds or receiving such Mr. GAVIN. Yes; I will yield. much. funds from that government. He may Mr. HOFFMAN. What is this change Mr. FULTON. Mr. Chairman, on this become an officer of that government and particular section 303 I am going to may, at the discretion of his government of voice due to? agency, with the concurrence of the Mr. GAVIN. I am t~·ying to appear as agree with the gentleman from Michi­ Secretary, accept an office under the a. statesman. gan because I have an amendment on it government to which he is assigned. There has been a great deal of talk myse1f. I do not like the provision of How is a fellow going to serve two mas­ about this exchange of students. I have tllis language on line 20 which says, "in­ ters? How is an officer of· the United a letter from Mr. Benton, the Assistant cluding the making or· approving on be- . States to be assigned to another govern­ Secretary of State, under date of the half of such foreign government the ment and then serve under that govern­ 29th of January, in which he submits disbursement of funds provided by such ment? Can a man serve as an officer of to me a speech that he made before the government or of receiving from such two governments at the same time. You Conference of Patriotic Women's Or­ foreign government funds for deposit." see my point? ganizations for National Defense, at the The language is too general. We t·e­ It does seem to me that in all fairness, Hotel Statler, Washington, D. C., Sat­ ceive their funds into the hands of our having the welfare of the Republican urday, January 25. He discussed this employees for deposit and disbursement Party as well as the welfare of the coun­ matter relative to the interchange of on behalf of such government and dis­ try at heart, and I regard them as synon­ students and he refers to UNESCO, which burse it for them. ymous, that this bill might well volun­ means United Nations Educational Unless the committee accepts the tarily be· taken back by the committee. amendment striking out everything be­ Scientific and Cultural Organization. ginning with the word "including" on Accepting that suggestion, the commit­ He said: ·tee would h~ve the grateful and heart­ line 20 so that it cuts out this financial UNESCO will seek to eradicate illiteracy set-up, I am going to vote for the amend­ felt thanks of the majority of the Repub­ everywhere, and to lift educational stand­ licans. Then let the committee rewrite ards. Illiterate men are pawns in a power ment offered by Mr. HoFFMAN because I the bill. . struggle. UNESCO will seek to reduce bar­ have such an amendment myself. Mr. JENNINGS. Mr. Chairman, will riers to the free fiow of ideas and informa­ The CHAIRMAN. The Chair recog­ the gentleman yield? tion everywhere. The most literate peoples nizes the gentleman from Ohio [Mr. Mr. HOFFMAN. I yield to the gentle­ can be led and bullied into aggression when BROWNl. . man from Tennessee. they are cut off from a full and steady ac­ Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Chairman, · Mr. JENNINGS. The gentleman has count of development among other peoples, back in December 1945, the distinguished and fed on lies and distortions. UNESCO [Mr. propounded this question about a man will seek to diagnose the social and psycho­ gentleman from New York BLOOM}, serving two masters. We have a con­ logical tensions that lead to confiict, as . who was then chairman of the Commit­ crete example of it in five instances, in­ urged in Congressman DIRKSEN' s bill. And tee on Foreign Affairs, introduced H. R. volving five employees of the State De­ UNESCO w1ll stimulate the exchange of stu­ 4982. That bill was reported 4 days later partment during the war, when the Ger­ dents, teachers, scholars. and experts on the by the Committee on Foreign Affairs. mans were killing our boys and the Japs Widest possible scale. In such ways UNESCO Because of the opposition of some of us were killing our boys. These men in the will strive to lay that solid foundation of in the Rules Committee, the bill was not State Department, who took an oath of understanding among peoples which is the reported to the fioor of the House until best hope of peace. As UNESCO succeeds, office to faithfully and loyally serve this our security, and the world's security, will late in 1946-I think in July. It finally country, stole the secrets of the State De­ be strengthened. The operating budget for passed the House on July 22.. I have a partment and of the Navy Department all of UNESCO for 1947 is e6,000,000. This is, copy of that bill before me. It is quite and sold them to a Russian sympathizer, I should guess, one ten-thousandth of the similar to the measure H. R. 3342 which and they went scot free. world's military and naval expenditures this is now before the House. I have been Ml·. HOFFMAN. Yes; and the admin­ year. rather amazed that the gentleman from istration lightly ·tapped them on the Then he goes on to say: New York [Mr. BLOOM], the ranking wrist. The exchange of students is an example. member of the Committee on Foreign Mr. JENNINGS. You have a concrete 1 know of no surer method o:f Increasing Affairs, who introduced the original bill; illustration there of how no man can understanding of the United States, for the has not been heard in support of H. R. serve two masters. They served one and long run, than to bring foreign students to 3342, nor has he participated in debate betrayed it to another. live among us for a yem· or two. thereon, to my knowledge. I am just 6988 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HO:USE JUNE 13 wondering if there has been some new necessary for an employee of our Gov­ section in the bill, the gentleman from information, or some reason, which has ernment, working for the Government in California [Mr. BRADLEY] has :Put his come to the gentleman from New York ·this type of work, who would certainly be finger on a very important point. He for his not supporting this measure reasonaby well paid, to accept or take has discussed- it with our subcommittee which is so similar to the bill which he pay from a foreign government. Under and we have agreed to accept an amend­ originally introduced, and which has what theory, in the name of common ment which he will propose. His amend­ been reintroduced in the· House by the sense, is that done? · ment prohibits any American from tak­ gentleman from South Dakota [Mr. Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Chairman, will the ing an oath of loyalty to any foreign MUNDT] . , gentleman yield? country or any foreign government, even Mr. JARMAN. Mr. Chairman, will the Mr. O'HARA. I yield. though serving temporarily in an official gentleman yield? Mr. MUNDT. Not a part of the salary capacity for that government. With that Mr. BROWN of Ohio. No. I am ad- but the entire salary and expenses are safeguard I am convinced it is an impor- dressing my questions to others, thank to be paid by the foreign government be­ . tant extra safeguard in this legislation. you. It is rather difficult for me to un- cause the man must become attached to It is not a basically essential part of the derstand why the outstanding Demo- that government, and the reason he bill, of course, but it is important because cratic leader of the Committee on For- should become attached to that govern­ 1t does give one additional tool to those to eign Affairs is not supporting this meas- mentis so that in some official capacity whom we look to fight our battle for the ure at this time by his voice. Why has he has some regulation over the partie­ peace. It gives them one additional shell his voice been stilled, I ask? ular division, department, or activity as- in their ammunition kit, one additional Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Chairman, will · signed to him by that ·government. approach and avenue whereby we can the gentleman yield? I have the concluding 3 minutes of the work together in a friendly, constructive Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Yes, I yield. debate and I do not want to infringe on manner with countries friendly to us and Mr. HOFFMAN. Perhaps he thinks the gentleman's time. I hope he will whose Jriendship we propose to preserve. he can slip it through with a Republican listen to my further explanation. I ask for a vote, Mr. Chairman, to de­ label. . Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Chairman, will feat this amendment. Mr. BROWN of Ohio. No. I think the gentleman yield? . The CHAIRMAN. All time having ex­ such a surmise is a challenge to the bon- Mr. O'HARA. I yield. esty of purpose of the gentleman, with Mr. HOFFMAN. That is all right, but pired, the question is on the amendment which I do not agree. if you look at the top of page 6 you will of the gentleman from Michigan to strike Mr. JARMAN. Mr. Chairman, will the see the following language: out section 303. gentleman yield? And of the Government agency from which The question was taken; and on a divi­ Mr. BROWN of Ohio. No, I do not assigned he shall continue to receive com­ sion (demanded by Mr. KEEFE) there yield at this time. I think perhaps the pensation from that agency. were-ayes 64, noes 70. So the amendment was rejected. gentleman from New York [Mr. BLOOM] Mr. O'HARA. It has always been fun­ Mr. BRADLEY. Mr. Chairman, I offer has some significant information, or has damental to me that an officer of the an amendment. some other good reason why he has with- government, whether it be municipal, The Clerk. read as follows: drawn his support from this measure, State, or Federal, certainly could not and has not spoken out in favor of it. serve two masters. Amendment offered by Mr. BRADLEY: Page 6, line 25, after the word "act", substitute a Mr. RICHARDS. Mr. Chairman, will I agree with the gentleman from Mich- comma for the period and add the following: the gentleman yield? igan wholeheartedly. I think it is a sit- "Provided, however, That such acceptance of Mr. BROWN of Ohio. I yield. uation that no matter how well-inten- office shall in no case involve the taking of Mr. RICHARDS. In all fairness to. tioned the language may be, is going to an oath of allegiance to another govern­ the gentleman from New York [Mr. make for trouble sooner or later. I hope ment." BLOOM], the author of the bill last year, it will be stricken. to which the gentleman refers, and who The CHAIRMAN. The time of the Mr. BRADLEY. Mr. Chairman, some is not present today-- gentleman from Minnesota has expired. few days ago in speaking on this bill I Mr. BROWN of Ohio. But the gentle- The gentleman from South Dakota offered criticism of the provision which man from New York [Mr. BLOOM] is [Mr. MUNDT] is recognized for 3 minutli!s. would allow any official or appointee of present today. He has great influence Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Chairman, may I this Government to accept an office under in this body. He has great influence say at the outset that this is not a new some other government, and I objected with me. I am sure there are many departure in American policy. It is to it because there seemed to be no pro­ Members of 'this House who would like something we have been doing for a long vision-there which would keep that official to hear from the gentleman from New while in special cases. We ·had in this from taking an oath of allegiance to the York. It seems to me very peculiar and House some years ago a very distin­ other government. Having spoken with very strange that the gentleman has been gui.shed Representative from Illinois by the subcommittee chairman, I find the silent all through this debate. the name of Charles Dewey. After committee agreeable to. accepting the Mr. RICHARDS. Well, the debate ls World War I, under special emergency amendment just offered. I see no reason to take up any more time in this argu­ not over yet, I can assure th~ gentleman. legislation he was assigned to a specific Mr. BROWN of Ohio. And this bill phase of a similar program in which he ment. I appreciate that present laws is not yet law, I can, in turn assure the served as a member of the Polish Cabinet may be considered to preclude the taking gentleman from South Carolina. and he was doing that in connection with of the oath of allegiance by one of our The CHAffiMAN. The time of the the correction of the finances of that people to another government, but I am gentleman from Ohio has expired. • government. . afraid that the present wording here The gentleman from Minnesota [Mr. It so happens that in many joint enter- might be considered as a change in pres­ O'HARA] is recognized for 3 minutes. prises such as the operation of a weather ent law. Mr. O'HARA. Mr. Chairman, I do not bureau and certain other things which Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Chairman, will the know of anything that could be more are the joint responsibility of two coun­ gentleman yield? dangerous in a troubled House than to tries, this would enable the director of Mr. BRADLEY. I yield to the gen­ have a provision in a bill such as section that station under the jurisdiction of the tleman from South Dakota. 303, which would certainly be an incen- two countries to be an American. It Mr. MUNDT. I want to thank the tive to create many Benedict Arnolds. permits him as well to have authority gentleman for his constructive thinking It seems to me the gentleman from Mich- within that country so he can. work with on that matter. There never has been igan [Mr. HoFFMAN] has very properly effectiveness. a case of one of our officials taking such presented a motion to the House which Mr. PHILLIPS of Tennessee. Mr. an oath, but I agree with the gentleman should be supported, to strike th~s Ian- Chairman, will the gentleman yield? we better be doubly safe than sorry and guage from the bill. I have not heard Mr. MUNDT. In a moment. we are happy to accept the amendment. any argument against it. Perhaps the I think it is important th;l.t we have The CHAIRMAN.· The question is on genteman from South Dakota, the au- clearly in mind the language on which the amendment offered by the gentle­ thor of the bill, may speak against it, but we are voting. man from California [Mr. BRADLEY]. I would like to ask him just now why it is I would like to say that if we keep this The amendment was agreed to. 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 6989 Mr. FULTON. Mr. Chairman, I offer Foreign Mairs Committee and have had The CHAIRMAN. The time of the an amendment. amendments that I have not put in that gentleman from Pennsylvania has ex- . The Clerk read as follows: would tighten this bill, because I felt that pired. Do·es the gentleman wish to mod­ Amendment offered by Mr. . FuLToN: On at times certain people speaking were )fy his amendment? If so, in what re- 0 page 6, line 20, strike out all after the word merely trying to delay and cut out the spect? "assigned." · main purpose of the bill . . · Mr. FULTON. I agree to modify my Mr. FULTON. Mr. Chairman, this Mr. JAVITS. Mr. Chairman, will the amendment as suggested by the gentle­ amendment I am offering is really a gentleman yield? man from California. compromise amendment. The amend­ Mr. FULTON. I yield to the gentleman Mr. HOFFMAN. I object to the modi­ ment offered by the gentleman from from New York. . fication of the amendment, Mr. Chair­ Michigan [Mr. HoFFMAN], was to strike Mr. JAVITS. I am sure the gentleman man. out the whole of section 303. I do not is not a ware of the facts I am about to Mr. FULTON. I ask unanimous con­ want our employees over there in foreign give him, ~ut will the gentleman take :r:ny sent, Mr. Chairman, to modify my governments, who are given money by word for 1t that in the agreements con­ amendment, and I ask the gentleman to foreign governments, to disburse on be­ summated through the inter-American withhold his objection, because it is do­ Coordinator, the Latin-American coun­ ing what he wants. half of foreign governments and be re­ I modify my amendment by striking sponsible to foreign governments and tries have contributed their own funds in a very substantial measure, and if a pro­ out on page 6, line 17, all after the word then have our taxpayers in this country "assigned" down to and including the take the final responsibility that these vision like this had not been available and not written in this bill, exchange re­ word "act" in line 25, for which I ask employees did the right job. unanimous consent. If you will notice, this particular sec­ strictions, in other words, the money could not be sent up here and sent back The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection tion does not say how much these Amer­ to the request of the gentleman from icans can dispense for foreign govern­ which would result in our not getting that protection at all. Pennsylvania? ments. We could take their whole Mr. VORYS. I object. budget and dispense it under this sec­ Mr. FULTON. Let me say this: If that is all you intend, why is it not written in Mr. JUDD. Mr. Chairman, I rise in tion or we could take over all the im­ opposition to the amendment. port or export duties, the customs of a this bill that there is a limit on it be­ cause the provisions of this bill a;e so Mr. Chairman, as has just been said by country, for example, and disburse the the chairman of the subcommittee the funds through our employees. The lan­ broad you could go in and run the cus­ toms of the country and- nobody could gentleman from South Dakota [Mr. guage is too general. Under one inter­ MUNDT], this is not a life or death matter. pretation, it would be the start of im• stop you. I have confidence in the State J:?e~art~ent, but.unless you put a specific It is certainly not the most important perialism to me. I do not want to part of the bill. On the other hand it does handle the budget of any .foreign gov­ limitatiOn in here saying that is the pur­ po~e, you do not have adequate legis­ not authorize anything new. We have ernment. been doing it effectively in the Latin­ Mr. WADSWORTH. Mr. Chairman latiOn. Mr. BREHM. Mr. Chairman will the American program for a long time. will the gentle~an yield? · ' Americans did it Poland and Iran after gentleman yield? ' 0 in Mr. FULTON. I yield to the gentle- . the First War. This section merely man from New York. Mr. FULTON. I yield to the gentle­ man from Ohio. makes this available to other parts of the Mr. WADSWORTH. I ask this ques­ world, including Europe, Asia, and Africa, tion not in hostility to the gentleman's Mr. BREHM. Was the gentleman's the sort of assistance from American amendment. As I read the amendment amendment and the other amendments experts which we have been extending to the adoption of it would do away with to which he refers brought up and dis­ South America. the amendment which the Committee cussed il! the committee ·and if so, why · were they not adopted there? Therefore it seems wholly unnecessary of the Whole just agreed to. and too bad, when we are trying to de­ Mr. FULTON. I have discussed that Mr. FULTON. They were not dis­ velop a program where members of our with the gentleman from California [Mr. cussed at the time of the committee Government and members of other gov­ BRADLEY] and I believe that the two hearing as I have been working hard on ernments can work in closest cooperation amendments can be made to conform. the Philippine rehabilitation bill. for the benefit of both, for us to hog-tie Mr. WADSWORTH. His has already Mr. BREHM. My question is not and handcuff them. been adopted. meant as a reflection on the gentleman's Before this world has pulled out of the Mr. BRADLEY. Mr. Chairman, will i':ltegrity. He is a hard-working and mess it is in, it is going to be necessary the gentleman yield? smcere Member of Congress. for financial experts and medical experts Mr. FULTON. I yield to the gentle­ . Mr. FULTON. Thank you for your and technical experts from America to man from California. comment as I value your judgment as help right down at the grass roots in Mr. BRADLEY. Will not the gentle­ another hard-Vforking Member of Con­ ma':ly of these countries; yes, right in man modify his amendment to strike out gress. I discussed them personally With their governments. Some of them areal­ the part between the word "assigned" certai~ committee members, but I do not ready appealing for such American as­ in line 17 down to and including the want many way to endanger by amend­ sistance as they did after World War I. word "Act" in line 25, which would leave ~ent the purposes of the information This section merely permits the Ameri­ the amendment just adopted effective bill that I am for, but I want it tightened. can expert or technician or professional in case the gentleman's amendment Mr. BREHM. So do I, and I dislike to man to do the job that they want him should be adopted? · be accused of not being for a bill because to come and do right in their govern­ Mr. FULTON. I will do that because I take exception to certain parts of it. ment, and which we in our own interest that will make the gentleman's amend­ Mr. FULTON. The Committee on want him to be able to do. ment complementary to mine. First, our F_oreign Affairs is 100 percent for this Mr. VORYS. Mr. Chairman, will the employees cannot take an oa.th of alle­ bill. I am for it, but that does not mean gentleman yield? giance to a foreign government; and sec­ that 100 percent of the time I am for Mr. JUDD. I yield to the 6entleman ond, our employees are not going to run every· provision in the bill. I am not from Ohio. the government of the country which and I have not been. I am one of the Mr. VORYS. Is it not true that years . may happen if they run the money power moderate, practical members of the For­ and years ago Morgan Shuster, an Amer­ of that country. You cannot set up peo­ eign Affairs. ican, went to Persia and, by going into ple in foreign g,overnments without limit _Mr. McDONOU9H. Mr. Chairman: their government and being their finance and have them run the disbursements of Will the gentleman yield? officer, put their finances in order, and a foreign government. This section has Mr. FULTON. I yield to the gentLe­ that the greatest contribution that no limit in it. man from California. Americans could make in many of these Mr. Chairman, I am for this informa­ Mr. McDONOUGH. The gentleman countries is in their fiscal policies and tion bill and will vote for its passage be­ just stated that the bill is broader than helping them in their disbursement of cause I think it is necessary, but there he expected it to be. funds? are several places that the provisions Mr. FULTON. Broader than I :first . Mr. JUDD. The gentleman is wholly need revision. I am a member of the expected it to be. co r:rect. 6990 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 13 Mr. COX. Mr. Chairman, will the ment? You see where we are getting? . Never mind all these trivial amend­ gentleman yield? · I go back to the original argument, how ments or suggestions being made, but Mr. JUDD. I yield to the gentleman can an officer so assigned serve two let us pass this bill. Let us put it into from Georgia. masters? There are men here sitting action because if we do not, and if you Mr. COX. I think the gentleman is before me who served in this war as think you are trying to amend this bill correct in the observation lie has made, officers of our Government. so as to make it more perfect you will but I asked the gentleman to yield in They are still on the reserve list if destroy it. If you should lose after the order to propound an inquiry. If the they are not on the active list. Yet, the 1st of July all that the Government of co:r:nmittee does not complete considera­ Secretary of State can assign those offi­ the United States has within its hands tion of the bill during the afternoon, is cers to other governments, and there and within its breast you will have lost it contemplated that the House will sit they may become officers of that gov­ it forever and will not get it back. tomorrow? · ernment. The only way you can cure Now, that is all there is to it. Now, Mr. JUDD. I must refer that question this situation is to strike out this section. please pass this legislation, and pass it to the chairman_of the committee. But We came within six votes of doing it now. Let us leave it to the State De­ it is my hope that we will stay here and before. It should be stricken now, and partment or leave it to somebody to make finish it tonight.. I believe we are then the committee, if the bill goes back ·_ a perfect bill, and not write this bill the through the worst of the difficulties, and to the committee, can rewrite the bill, or way you are doing on the floor. Let u.s I think that we can bring these sections if it goes to a conference they can fix it put this bill into action and let the Sec­ up one by one, offer amendments, and in conference. I hope when they are retary of State, or whoever has charge vote them up or vote them down, and considering this bill in conference they of it, make it perfect in operation. I proceed with the disposition of the bill. will have better luck than the House have objected to a great many things Mr. Chairman, I hope the Committee conferees on the labor legistl,tion had that they have been doing under the will reject the amendment offered by the when they came back with a report. legislation heretofore, but please, gentle­ gentleman· from Pennsylvania. Mr. BLOOM. Mr. Chairman, I move men, do something that the United States Mr. FULTON. Mr. Chairman, I offer to strike. out the last word. will not lose control to do the things we a substitute amendment. Mr. Chairman, I was sitting over here want to do. If you want to make this The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman a few moments ago listening to the gen­ country of ours successful in the future, cannot do that at this time. tleman from Ohio make his statement. this is the only way to do it, and do it Mr. FULTON. Then I stand on my I was wondering how I was going to now. original amendment, to strike out the answer it. Mr. Chairman, I have been The CHAIRMAN. The time of the part after the word ''assigned." a member of the Committee on Foreign gentleman from New York [Mr. BLOOM] The CHAffiMAN. The question is on Affairs for a great number of years. The has expired. the amendment offered by the gentle­ other day there was a rule which was Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Chairman, I ask man from Penn,sylvania. brought before the House and which was unanimous consent that all debate on The amendment was rejected. adopted, providing. that the chairman this section, and all amendments thereto, Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Chairman, I of the Committee on Foreign Affairs and do now close. offer an' amendment. the ranking minority member should The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection? The Clerk read as follows: There was no objection. have control of the time. If the Chair The CHAIRMAN. The question is on Amendment offered by Mr. HOFFMAN: remembers, I was sitting in my seat and Strike out section. 303 as now amended. the amendment offered by the gentleman the Chair recognized me to have control from Michigan to strike section 303 as Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Chairman, let of the time. The gentleman from South amended. us see where we are. Turn, to· page 5, Pakota made the statement that the The question was taken; and on a title m, down on line 14: time was to be controlled by the chair­ division (demanded by Mr. CRAWFORD) man of the subcommittee and the rank­ Nothing in this act, however, shall author­ there were-ayes 70, noes 81. ize the assignment. of omcers or enlisted men ing member of the minority of the sub­ Mr. COLE of Missouri. Mr. Chair­ of the United States Army, Navy, Marine committee. man, I demand tellers. Corps, or Coast Guard for service relating to Mr. Chairman, I did not want to at Tellers were ordered, and the Chair­ the organization, training operation, develop­ that time say anything or do anything man appointed Mr. MUNDT and Mr. ment, or combat equipment of the, armed that would give the impression to the HoFFMAN to act as tellers. forces of a foreign government. House or to the committee that there The Committee again divided; and the That is the exception. Otherwise men was any dissension in the Committee on tellers reported that there were-ayes in the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and Foreign Affairs with :reference to this 87, noes 105. Coast Guard could be assigned by the legislation. So I politely acquiesced and So the amendment was rejected. Department of State for military service left the table. The Clerk read as follows: in other countries under section 302, and I do not know by what authqrity or by TITLE IV-PARTICIPATION BY GOVERNMENT remain American officers under that what right any Member can change a AGENCIES section. Yes; and under subsequent sec­ rule adopted by this House at a moment's GENERAL AUTHORITY tions become an officer of another coun­ notice and say who is to be in control of · SEc. 401. The Secretary 1s authorized, in try-to me an impossible situation. the bill on the floor or what the purpose carrying on any activity under the authority Then turn over the next section and was, but naturally I was out. The chair­ of this act, to utilize, with their approval, the you learn that it provides that when man of the Committee on Foreign Affairs services, facilities, and personnel of the other so assigned he shall become an officer automatically was out also. Government agencies. Whenever the Sec­ of the foreign government. The Com­ You have been debating this bill not retary shall use the services, facilities, or under the authority of the rule as personnel of any Government agency for ac­ mittee just sought to cure that by adopt­ tivities under authority of this act, the Sec­ ing the amendment offered by the gen­ adopted by the House, but under some retary shall pay for such performance out of tleman from California [Mr. BRADLEY]! legerdemain that I cannot quite under­ funds available to the Secretary under this but the Committee did not cure it. It stand. act, either in advance, by reimbursement, or he is assigned as an officer of another My principal object in arising at this direct transfer. In utilizing the Government government, how can this Government time, Mr. Chairman, after listening to agencies, 1t 1s the sense of the Congress (1) tell the other government what qualifi­ this debate is to say this. I am 100 per­ that the best available and qualified Govern­ cations or requirements it shall make? cent jn favor of this legislation. I think ment services, facilities, and. personnel shall 435 be sought, in order to ensure professional We lose all control of him if he is as­ we here, Members of the House, are competence and avoid duplication; and (2) signed over there, or his assignment 1s considering a piece of legislation that that the Secretary shall· consult the appro­ null and void until he accepts the quali­ will determine the whole future and priate technical agencies of the Government fications put on· by the other government. success of this country. concerning any activity authorized by titles I am asking you this now: Under our I have been a member of the Commit­ n, UI, and IV of this act which comes within Constitution and our form of govern­ tee on Foreign Affairs for a number of the competence of such agencies. ment, how can any officer or private in years. I have traveled all over and I TECHNICAL AND OTHER SERVICES the Army or an enlisted man in the Navy know what is going on or at least I think SEC. 402. A Government agency, at the become an officer of another govern- I do: request o:! the Secretary, may perform such 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 6991 technical or other services as such agency The Clerk read as follows: The committee · amendment was may be competent to render for the govern­ agreed to. . ment of another country desirous of obtain­ Amendment offered by Mr. FELLows: Page ing such services, upon terms and conditions 8, lines 22 and 24, after the words "public Mr. SIMPSON of Pennsylvania. Mr. 'Which are satisfactory to the Secretary and to works", line 22, ·strike out the words "except Chairman, I offer an amendment. the head of the Government agency, when as may be accessory to such investigation, The Clerk read as follows: it is determined by the Secretary that such instruction, or demonstration." Amendment offered ~ by Mr. SIMPSON of services will contribute to the purposes of Mr. FELLOWS. Mr. Chairman, this is Pennsylvania: Add the following to section this act. However, nothing in this act shall a very simple amendment. On page 8, 501: authorize the performance of servtces relat­ "All such ·press releases and radio scripts ing to the organization, training, operation, section 403, line 22, after the words "pub­ shall, in the English language, be made avail­ development, or combat equipment of the lic works" it strikes out the words "except able to press associations, newspapermen, armed forces of a foreign government. as may be accessory to such investigation, radio systems and stations in the United POLICY GOVERNING SERVICES instruction, or demonstration." States within 15 days after release as infor­ SEc. 403. In authorizing the performance My objection to this is it would per­ mation abroad." of technical and other services under section mit the State Department to construct Mr. SIMPSON of Pennsylvania. Mr. 402 above, it is the sense of the Congress (1) public works in a foreign land if it sees Chairman, one of the mysteries that that the Secretary shall encourage through fit to do so and I do not think that that must concern anyone ·listening to the the Government agency with appropriate power should be in this bill. debate here is just what is this Voice of legislative authority the performance of ~ucll Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Chairman, will the America? From early youth each of us services to foreign governments by quallfled gentleman yield? private American individuals and agencies; has in song and story ~eard of the Voice (2) that 1f such services are rendered by a Mr. FELLOWS. I yield to the gentle­ of America as being the voice of the Govel'nment agency, they shall demonstrate man from South Dakota. worker, the hum in the factory, the the technical accomplishments.of the United Mr. MUNDT. The gentleman has dis­ happy home life, private enterprise, in­ States, such services being of a:q advisory, in­ cussed this amendment with the sub­ dividual effort, and th~ reward for the vestigative, or instructional nature, or a committee and we accept it as an addi­ best a man can do here. Those of us who demonstration of a technical process; (3) tional worth-while safeguard to the bill. that such services shall not include the con­ have had the privilege of seeing some of struction of public works or the supervision Mr. FELLOWS. I thank the gentle­ the samples of the so-called art of Amer.­ of the construction of public works, except as man. ica which have been sent abroad; those may be accessory to such investigation, in­ The CHAIRMAN. The question is on of us who have had occasion to look over struction, or demonstration, and that, under the amendment offered by the gentleman some of the broadcasts which have been authority of this act, a Government agency from Maine [Mr. FELLOWS]. made purporting to be the Voice of shall render engineering services related to The amendment was agreed to. America, have properly wondered just public :works only when the Secretary shall The Clerk read as follows: determine that the national interest demands what phase of American life is portrayed the rendering of such services by a Govern­ TRAINING by the State Department as the Voice of ment agency, but this policy shall not be in­ SEc. 404. Any Government agency, at the America. Is it the voice of the real terpreted to preclude the assignment of in­ request of the Secretary, is authorized to America, or the voice of the minority? dividual specialists as advisers to other gov­ provide to citizens of other countries. I respectfully suggest, Mr. Chairman, ernments as provided under title III of this With the following committee amend­ that after these Voice of America broad­ act, together with such incidental assistance casts have been made available overseas, . as may be necessary for the accomplishment ment: , of their individual assignments; (4) that such Page 9, line 23, after the word "countries", that the information be made available services shall not be undertaken for ·a for­ insert "and to citizens of the United States to our various means for dissemination eign government if, in the opinion of the going to other countries .in connection with of knowledge here in the United States. head of the Government agency, such services the carrying out of this act." Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Chairman, will the will impair the fulfillment of domestic re­ gentleman yield? sponsibil1ties of that agency; and (5) that The committee amendment was agreed Mr. SIMPSON of Pennsylvania. I the Department shall invite outstanding to. · yield to the gentleman from South leaders, both within and outside the Fed­ The Clerk read as follows: Dakota. eral Government, in the various fields of engi­ INTERCHANGE OF SPECIALIZED KNOWLEDGE AND Mr. MUNDT. May I say what the gen­ neering in the .United States, to review and SKILLS extend advice on the Secretary's policies in tleman proposes is completely consistent rendering engineering services to another SEc. 405. A Government agency, at there­ with what the committee has in mind in quest of the Secretary, is authorized to pro­ making the reports available to Con­ government pursuant to section 402 of this mote the interchange with other countries act. of scientific and specialized knowledge and gress. The gentleman's amendment Mr. MILLER of Nebraska (interrupt­ skills, within the fields in which such agency makes them available to other public­ ing the reading). Mr. Chairman, I am has competence, through publications and service groups as well, and tbe commit­ unable to follow the Clerk. He seems to other scientific and educational materials. tee will be happy to accept the amend­ be missing very important sections of the INTERDEPARTMENTAL COORDINATION ment. bill. I ask unanimous consent that the SEc. 406. In order that the activities of Mr. SIMPSON of Pennsylvania. Thank Clerk may return to section 403 and read Government agencies authorized by titles II, you. as printed in the bill. III, and IV of this act may be effectively co­ The CHAIRMAN. The question is on ordinated and interdepartmental relation­ the amendment offered by the gentle­ The CHAIRMAN. Without objection, ships as authorized by this act may be clearly man from Pennsylvania [Mr. SIMPSONL the Clerk will again read the section. defined, the Seqretary may establish upon The amendment was agreed to. (The Clerk again read the section.) direction of the President an interdepart­ The Clerk read as follows: With the following committee amend­ mental committee to advise the Secretary on ments: the development and administration of these POLICIES GOVERNING INFORMATION ACTIVITIES Page 8, line 11, strike out "section 402 activities. SEC. 502. In authorizing international in­ above" and insert "this title." TITLE V .-DISSEMINATING INFORMATION ABOUT formation activities under this act, it THE UNITED STATES ABROAD is the sense of the Congress (1) that Page 9, line 13, after the word "lea.ders". the Secretary shall encourage and facilitate insert "in the United States." GENERAL AUTHORIZATION by appropriate means the dissemination Page 9, line H, strike out "various fields SEc. 501. The Secretary is authorized, when abroad of information about the United of engineering in the United States" and in­ he finds it appropriate, to provide for the States by private American individuals and sert "various fields of activity covered by this preparation, and dissemination abroad, of in­ agencies, shall supplement such private in­ title." formation about the United States, its peo­ formation dissemination where necessary, Page 9, line 17, strike out "engineering" and ple, and its. policies, through press, publica­ and shall reduce such Government informa­ insert "technical and other.'' tions, radio, motion pictures, and other in· tion activities whenever corresponding pri­ Page ·9, line 18, strike out "section 4:02 Of formation media, and through information vate information dissemination is found to this Act" and insert "this title." centers abroad. be adequate; (2) that nothing in this act shall be construed to give the Department a The committee amendments were With the following.committee amend­ monopoly in the production or sponsorship agreed to. ment: on the air of short-wave broadcasting pro­ Mr. FELLOWS. Mr. Chairman, I ofter Page 11, line 8, after the word "centers", irams, or a monopoly in any other medium an amendment. Insert "and instructors." of information; (3) that the Depart ment 6992 CONGRESSIONAL R·ECORD-HOUSE JUNE 13 shall invite outstanding private leaders of people of Europe are More starved for- ideas tion sent abroad should be made avail­ the United States in cultural and informa­ than for bread, but it .is- nevertneless true. able to the press and radio of this tional fields to review and extend advice on In our attempt to hold the line against Rus­ the Government's international infor·mation sia in E;urope, we J;lave not even begun to use country. activities; and (4) that all printed matter, ideological weapons. I wanted to submit an amendment to films, broadcasts, and other materials in the his amendment, but when the committee fields of mass media shall, when disseminat­ Then he goes on: quicklY accepted the Simpson amend- ed by the Government, be identified as to While most of our ideological outposts in . ment I di4 riot , have that opportunity. · Government or private source. Europe, thus far, consist of tucked-away, My amendment to the amendment would inadequately -staffed and supplied informa­ have provided that the Members of the Mr. VORYS. Mr. Chairman, I move tion centers and reading rooms, struggling to strike out the period at the end of along on puny budgets, the sledge-hammer Congress of the United States, upon re­ the section. I do not want to strike out blows of Soviet propaganda fal~ everwhere. quest, should also be furnished with this even one word of this section because, information. in my judgment, it is an important sec­ I visited our reading room in Istan­ I am now serving notice that while I tion of the bill, possibly because I wrote bul this spring. They have 1,200 refer­ understand an amendment of that na­ it. ence books. Four hundred of them are ture will be offered; that,- if not, I ex­ The CHAffiMAN. The gentleman taken out every month-a record for any pect to offer an amendment to section from Ohio [Mr. VORYS] is recognized for library. They have 50 library visitors 209 which will provide that the Members 5 minutes. a day, 80 percent students, 10 percent of the Congress of the United States, who Mr. VORYS. Mr. Chairman, last year press, and 10 percent government offi­ represent the people, shall upon request when a similar "!!II was pending for 7 cials. This little whisper of the Voice of be furnished with a copy of any broad­ months it did not get to the floor of the America is very effective, but the sledge cast, publication or statement put out Congress until ·the State Department hammer of Soviet radio across the Turk­ under . the provisions of this act, if it agreed to take the amendment which I ish border was also potent. should become law. offered. When that amendment was ac­ Mr. Hauser goes· on to say in his Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Chairman, will the cepted the bill · was brought up and article: gentleman yield? passed, under suspension of the rules, Moscow is currently reported as spending Mr. BROWN of Onio. I yield. receiving a two-thirds vote of the House. as much on political advertising-mostly in Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Chairman, I regret Europe-as the rest of the world combined, that our acceptance of the amendment The exact text of that amendment is and every ruble pays dividends. contained in section 502 of the present offered by the gentleman from Pennsyl­ bill. Going on further to discuss ideological vania [Mr. SIMPSON] cut the gentleman I do not wish to reread section 502, warfare he concludes his article with from Ohio off. His amendment is em­ which has just been read. The gist of these words: inently a fitting part of this program, it is that this whole information program Barring another war; this is the only man­ and if he will ask unanimous consent is to encourage and facilitate the dis­ ner in which the West can hope to push the that his amendment be considered at this semination abroad of information by Iron Curtain back to where it belongs-the time, if there is no objection, it can then private sources, to supplement such Russian border . . be passed. sources when necessary, and the State This present bill, the Mundt bill, Mr. RICHARDS. Mr. Chairman, will Department is to reduce the Government would authorize the continuation of the the gentleman yield? program whenever it is possible; that American information program, which Mr. BROWN of Ohio. I yield. there shall be no Government monopoly is our only Government propaganda ma­ Mr. RICHARDS. A.s a matter of fact, in any medium of information; that out­ chine in this psychological warfare. I agree with the gentleman from South standing leaders· in private life shall be Bill Benton, who made a great fortune Dakota about the fairness of this propo­ called in to review and monitor the pro­ as an advertising genius, and who -is sition, but . the State Department, it grams, and that in all such Government heading up this program, has oversold it should be recorded here, has never re­ propaganda all information shall be in one respect. This program ~ is not the fused to give information to Members of identified as to Government or private Voice of America, as it has been adver­ Congress. source. · . tised. The Voice of America wells from Mr. BROWN of Ohio. I am glad to I feel, as the rest of you do, that noth­ 140,000,000 American minds and hearts have that information, but I think it ing is more abhorrent to us in America and throats. Bill Benton believes that, should be a-part of the law of the land than a Government · propaganda ma­ too. As provided in section 502 that has that the Congress· of the United States chine. On the other hand, after in- ' just been read, and Bill Benton approves be entitled· to receive this material upon of that section, this program is only a request. tensive study of this for nearly 2 years, Therefore, Mr. Chairman, I ask unani­ I am convinced that we need such a very small adjunct to the real Voice of America. This program is only for the mous consent that we return to section propaganda machine in a world where a 501 so that I may offer an amendment to battle of ideas is now going on, and to­ ptirpose of supplementing the Voice o·f America where · the Voice of America the amendment of the gentleman from talitarian states have the powerful weap­ Pennsylvania [Mr. SIMPSON]. · on of government propaganda in their does not reach. It is only for the pur­ pose of piercing the iron curtain where The CHAIRMAN.· Is there objection arsenals. I personally abhor the use of to the request of the gentleman from atomic bombs, of poison gas, of bacterio­ the Voice of America canno't be heard. It is only a small program supplemental Ohio? logical warfare; but I have voted for funds Mr. FULTON. Mr. Chairman, reserv­ to have them ready, if our national secur­ to the great Voice of America that is welling over the world, but a very ing the right to object, I had had an ity requires their use. Our enemies amendment prepared for page 11, line 24, sometimes force'on us the choice of weap­ necessary program, a propaganda ma­ chine, ·if you please, in an age when covering almost the same thing. I a.m ons. We need whatever weapons others a member of the committee, and I was may use against us, in order to survive. propaganda is so important, when, as Hauser says in the article I mentioned: going to submit it here for the commit­ We need not in the future, but right now, tee to see. It would provide proper an efficient propaganda machine in order Barring another war, this is the only man­ channels for giving to the Congress, that to survive in a warfare of ideas that is ' ner in which the West can hope to push the iron_curtain back to where it belongs. · is, the House of Representatives and the going on, not in_the futqre, but now. . Senate, this information. I will give the I read the current S!iturday Evening . I now withdraw my pro forma amend­ amendment. to the gentleman if he Post last night. There is an article in ment. I am in favor of this section, un­ wants to look at it. It would provide there, "The True Meaning o{ the Iron amended. I am for this bill. that the material disseminated shall be Curtain," by Ernest 0. Hauser, who spent Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Chairman, made available by the Secretary of State 3 years in Europe. He is one of the Post I move to strike out the last word. ·to the Foreign Relations Committee and editors. I do not have time to read you Mr. Chairman, I was very much inter­ the Foreign Affairs Comm.ittee and their all of it, although I commend it all to ested in. the amendment to this title in duly authorized designees at least 24 your attention, bt~t let me read these section 501 which was offered by the hours prior to the issuance thereof, and sentences to you. Hauser says: gentleman fr_om · Pennsylvania [Mr. so· forth. Ideas will have to· be fought wi.tli ideas. SIMPSON] in which it was required that - Mr. BROWN. of Ohio. Tl'iat does not It is hard to convey to Americans that the copies of broadcasts and other informa- take care of the average Member of the 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 6993 . }!ouse. I might possibly want to see with the ·interchange of persons, knowledge, forethought brought this matter before some of these broadcasts myself. and skills, the assignment of specialists, the our committee. We held at least two preparation and dissemination of informa­ Mr. FULTON. But they would be on tion abou-:: the United States, its people, and sessions on it. We worked with him on ~ record here and the State Department its policies, and the carrying out of the every section of it, ori every aspect of wouid ·not have to give· so many out. other provisions of this act. it, and the language was finally evolved The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection in such form that it is now mutually ac· "ME~ERSHIP OF THE COMMISSION; GENERAL to the request of the gentleman from PROVISIONS ceptable both to Mr. DIRKSEN and our Ohio [Mr. BROWN]? "SEc. 602. (a) The Commission shall con­ committee. There was no objection. sis.t :of 10 members, not more than six of The committee is in complete agree· Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Chairman, whom shall be from any one political party, ment with the amendment he has of. I offer an amendment to the amend· as follows: ·(1) Nine members to be appointed fered. If, therefore, the gentleman so ment offered by the gentleman from by the President, by and with the advice and desired, he might extend his remarks in Pennsylvania [Mr. SIMPSON]. consent of the Senate, and (2) the Secretary the RECORD at this point and ·we could The Clerk read as fo_llows: of State or such officer in the State Depart· adopt the amendment unanimously. ment as may be designated by such Secretary. I Amendment offered by Mr. BROWN of "(b) The members o{the Commission shall Mr. DIRKSEN. To that have no Ohio as an amendment to the amendmetit represent the public interest, but of the per· objection. offered. by Mr. SIM;PSON of Pennsylvania: sons appointed under clause (1) of subsec­ Mr. Chairman, I belabored this mat· After the words "United States", add a com­ tion (a) of this section, one shall be selected ter earlier this afternoon endeavoring to ma and the following: "and to the Members from aJnong educators, one from among set it up clearly in the hope that the ap. of the Congress of the United States upon individuals forxperly in active service in the prehensions of the Members on -this their request." _ armed forces of the United States, one from question might be mollified and there Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Chairman, representatives of labor, one from the news· paper business, one from the motion-picture might be a semblance of control reposed I would just like to point ou~ that this industry, one from the radio industry, and in the Congress. That is so manifestiy does not require the State Department three from persons having general business because this Commission is bipartisan to send every Member of Congress a bale e~perience. All persons so appointed shall in character and must be confirmed by of material, but they shall be, by law, be persons of national reputations in their the Senate. If it gets out of Iiand it required to fUrnish copy to any Member respective -fields. No person holding any Is only because we fail to exercise our of Congress who requests it. compensated Federal or State office shall be own responsibility in passing upon those Mr. OWENS. Mr. Chairman, will the eligible for appointment under clause (1) who are members of the Commission. of subsection (a) of this section. gentleman yield? · I "(c) The ~erm of each member appointed am grateful to the chairman of the Mr. BROWN of Ohio. I yield. under clause (1) of subsection (a) of this committee for his indulgence in the mat. Mr. OWENS. I am worried about this section shall be 3 years except that the terms ter and for his acceptance in the name amendment. The State Department has of office of such members first taking office on of the committee of this amendment. never refused·· to give me any informa· the Commission shall e:gpire, a, designated Mr. MURRAY of Wisconsin; Mr. tion, although -the Army has. by the President at the time bf appointment; Chairman, I offer an amendment to the Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Perhaps if there three at the end of 1 year, three -at the end of 2 years, and three at the end of 3 years amendment. had been such a section of law whi~h The Clerk read as follows: required the Army to furnish the in· from the date ·Of the enactment of this act. Any member appointed to· fill a. vacancy oc· Amendment offered by Mr. MURRAY of formation upon request tlie gentleman ourring prior .to the expiration of the term Wisconsin to the amendment offered by Mr. would have received that information. for which -his predecessor is appointed shall DIRKSEN: Strike out "10" and insert "11"; We may not always have the same offi· be appointed for the remainder of such te_rm. and after the word "labor" insert the words cials in the State Department. So it Upon the expiration of his term of office any "one farm.er." is we'll to write this requirement into the member may continue to serve until his suc· law. · cessor 'is appointed and has qualified. 'Mr. MURRAY of Wisconsin. Mr. ·Mr. OWENS. If they put that into " (d) The President shall designate a chair· Chairman, the reasons that I offer this the bill at this point, in another instance man and a vice chairman from among mem­ amendment are as follows: . bers of the Commission. F.irst. In the first plftce the farmer they will say they do not have to give " (e) The members of the Commission 'shall it to lis because there is no law cover· receive no compensation for their services as and the rural people of America and in ing it. such members but shall be entitled to reim· fact in the world are the most peace· Mr. BROWN of Ohio. I do not think bursement for travel and subsistenc·e in con· loving people to be found anywhere on so. They have already said that to you nection with attendance of meetings of the the face of the earth. in the Army. Commission away from their places of Second. The rural people of America, Mr. OWENS. I know. I am going residences. though less than 25 pe·rcent of the people "(f) The Commission is authorized to of our country, raise nearly 50 percent to bring that up at a later time. adopt such rules and regulations as it may The CHAffiMAN. The time of the deem neces&ary to carry out the authority of the children of our country. The bill gentleman from Ohio [Mr. BROWN] has conferred upon it by this title. is offered as a peace·promoting agency expired. "(g) The Commission is authorized, with­ of Government. Should not the rural The question is on the amendment out regard to the civil service laws and the people be represented on this board? . I offered by the gentleman from Ohio Classification Act of 1923; as amended, to say yes, a thousand times yes. (Mr. BROWN] to the amendment. appoint and fix the compensation of such Third. Rural America is called upon clerical assistants as may be necessary in The amendment to the amend~ent carrying out the provisions of this title. to produce the food and fiber in time was agreed to. of war. They are deserving of a place Mr. DIRKSEN. Mr. Chairman, I offer "RECOMMENDATIONS AND REPORTS at the table of the group whose objective an amendment. "SEC. 603. The Commission shall meet not is to maintain peace. less frequently than once each month and The Clerk read as follows: shall .trom time to time prepare and transmit · Fourth. We already have the world Amendment offered by Mr. DIRKSEN: On to the Secretary and to the Congress its rec· Food and Agricultural Organization, page 11, after line 24, insert the following ommendations for carrying out the various known as FAO. Rural America is most title, and change the title numbers, section activities authorized by this act, and shall assuredly entitled to a place on this numbers, and cross-references in other tit les submit to the Congress a quarterly report of board to be in contact with FAO and its of the bill accordingly: all programs and activities recommended by activities. We have at this hour our "TITLE IX-ADVISORY COMMISSION TO it under this act and the action taken to own farm organizations, the Farm Bu· FORMULATE POLICIES carry out such recommendations." reau, the Grange, the Farmers Union "FORMULATION OF POLICIES Mr. DIRKSEN. Mr. Chairman-­ and the national cooperatives meeting "SEc. 601. There is hereby created a. Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Chairman, will the with the world farm organizations. United States Information and Educational gentleman yield? Fifth. Many students from other· lands Exchange Advisory Commission (hereinafter Mr. DffiKSEN. I yield. have and no doubt will continue to at­ in this title referred to as the Commission) Mr. MUNDT. I asked the gentleman tend agricultural colleges of our land in to be constituted as provided in sectio~ 602. ~e Commission shall formulate and pre­ to yield in the interest of saving time. great numbers. The development of ag. sent to the Secretary of State the policies I might advise the House that the gen· ricuJture in many countries is going to to be followed and adhered to in connection tleman from Illinois with a great deal of be all-important, if certain sections o! XCIII--441 3994 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 13 the world are to feed themselves. Sure­ representatives of principal national, volun­ Marine Institute; throughout the dis­ ly American farmers are entitled to this tary organizations interested in educational, cussions informed representatives of · scientific, and cultural matters; and (b) not representation. more than 40 outstanding persons selected organized labor that he and his associ­ Sixth. I have been ·conservative in by the Secretary of State, including not ates were depending on the inevitable asking for only one farmer to be in­ more than 10 persons holding office under operations of the Taft-Hartley bill. cluded. The history of the peaceful posi­ or employed by the -Government of the They have broken off the meetings, they tion of the farmers of the world would United States, not more than 15 representa­ have left the conference. Labor organi­ justify a greater representation. The tives of the educational, scientific, and cul­ zations have sent a telegram to Secretary farmer is close to nature and close to his tural interests of State and local governments, Schwellenbach asking him to intercede Maker. If all the members of all of the and not more than 15 persons chosen at so as to prevent this lockout in the ship­ large. The Secretary of State is authorized ping industry of the United States. boards of all the countries were farmers, to name in the first instance 50 of the prin­ a great step would be taken to prevent cipal national voluntary organization&, each The question that may be raised in any future wars. of which shall be invited to designate one your mind is: Well, perhaps these ship­ Mr. Chairman, I trust this amendment representative for appointment to the Na­ ping companies cannot afford to continue will be adopted unanimously. tional Commission. Thereafter, the National existing contracts; perhaps they are jus­ Mr. DIRKSEN. Mr. Chairman, will Commission shall periodically review and, if tified in demanding wage cuts. the gentleman yield? deemed advisable, revise the list of such Mr. Chairman, I have before me ex­ organizations designating representatives -in cerpts from the testimony of Under Mr. MURRAY of Wisconsin. I yield. order to achieve a desirable rotation among Mr. DffiKSEN. Indeed, I would have organizations represented. To constitute the Secretary Will 'Clayton before the House no objection to the amendment and I am initial Commission, one-third of the members Merchant Marine and Fisheries Commit­ reasonably confident the committee shall be appointed to serve for a term of 1 tee of February 7, 1947. In discussing would not. year, one-third for a term of 2 years, and the profits of the shipping companies, I Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Chairman, will the one-third or the remainder thereof for a term read the following excerpts. gentleman yield? of 3 years; from thence on following, all mem­ Page 200: Mr. MURRAY of Wisconsin. I yield. bers shall be appointed for a term of 3 years Mr. CLAYTON. Mr. Chairman, I don't know each, but no member shall serve more than what the profits are in the shipping business. Mr. MUNDT. Certainly the commit­ 2 consecutive terms. The National Com­ tee would have no objection. We are for mission shall meet at least once annually. I think they are much too large. I would the farmers. The National Commission shall designate like to say that I think they act as a re­ The CHAIRMAN. The question is on· from among its members an executive com­ straint and a limitation, a limiting factor on world trade. I think if we had more of these the amendment offered by the gentle­ mittee, and may designate such other com­ ships out of the rivers and harbors where man from Wisconsin to the amendment mittees as may prove necessary, to consult they have been laid up we would have a little offered by the gentleman from Illinois. with the Department of State and to per­ form such other functions as the Nailonal more competition, perhaps, in the shipping The amendment to the· amendment Commission shall delegate to them. No business and we would get these rates down was agreed to. member of the National · Commission shall somewhat to the advantage of this country The CHAIRMAN. The question re­ be allowed any salary or other compensation and every other country, particularly the curs on the amendment offered by the for services: Provided, however, That he may countries of Europe that are struggling to gentleman from Illinois. be paid his actual transportation expenses, reconstruct and get back on their feet again. I think shipping rates are much too high. The amendment was agreed to. and not to exceed $10 per diem in lieu of subsistence and other expenses, while away Mr. WEICHEL. Do you think the American Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. merchant marine should have more com- Chairman, I move to strike out the last from his -home in attendance upon author­ petition? · ized meetings or in consultation on re~uest word. with the Department of State. The Depart­ Mr. CLAYToN. I think we should .have, 1f we Mr. Chairman, I am extremely glad ment of State is authorized to provide the have rates too high, and I state it as my con­ that this Commission is provided for and necessary secretariat for the Commission. sidered opinion, and I have been in this game that there is to be a screening of the for 40 years, I state it as. my con!3idered opin­ personnel. I remember that I started in Mr. MARCANTONIO. Mr. Chairman, ion that rates are much too high now. the last session of Congress a rather bit­ I move to strike out the last word and Mr. WEICHEL. You mean world rates or ter :fight in the Foreign Affairs Commit­ ask unanimous consent to proceed out American rates? of order. Mr. CLAYTON. World rates, and American tee in urging the adoption of provision rates are part of world rates. If we had more for a Commission to screen the personnel The CHAffiMAN. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from of these ships broken out of the rivers and to be employed by UNESCO, I remem­ harbors where they have been laid up and ber at that time many considered it very New York? put into service, I think we would get rates important that voluntary organizations There was no objection. down to where they would be reasonable. Mr. MARCANTONIO. Mr. Chairman, be given a chance to express their opin­ Page 241: ion on the personnel to be taken, such as I rise at this time to call the attention recommendation for personnel from the of Congress to what will be virtually a Mr. CLAYTON. I am speaking, Mr. Bradley, as Federation of Labor and under the lock-out in the shipping industry. It will to the competitive aspects of this matter and take place at midnight tomorrow. the influence it may have on the profits of amendment by the gentleman from Wis­ the shipping companies. I tell you they are consin [Mr. MuRRAY] one from Agricul­ I wish to give the Congress the facts. making plenty of money and they are not ture. While the Department fought that These facts are very revealing as a pre­ complaining on that score. They would be provision very bitterly at the time it is one view of the effect of. the Hartley-Taft laughed out of court if they should. If they of the things that the Secretary of State bill on industrial relations in the United brought in their balance sheets along with now boasts about. · He boasts that the States. Labor organizations have been their complaint they would be laughed right United States is the only country that has meeting with representatives of the ship­ out of court. a screening commission on personnel. owners. The representatives of the • • • • The American public wants to be in­ shipowners have throughout these meet­ Mr. CLAYTON. No, sir. But I do think com­ ings taken an intransigent position. The panies making enormous profits, unheard of formed on what is being done in appoint­ profits in peacetime, absolutely unheard of, ments. They· feel this screening does it. labor organizations on th~ west coast have made a very simple and what must that anybody making profits on that scale I rejoice that this committee has accept­ should have a right to come in and complain ed this amendment offered by the gentle­ be considered by everyone as a very fair about competition. man from Illinois. proposal. They have asked that the existing contracts be continued. Repre­ Mr. Chairman, when we charged that Section 3 of Public Law 565, Seventy- · this legislation was going to bring about ninth Congress, which shows the ob­ sentatives of labor on the east coast have servation of UNESCO screening of per­ asked for a discussion of wage rates. intransigeance on the part of industry, The ,shipowners have refused to accept wage cuts, complete disruption of peace­ sonnel: the proposal to continue existing con­ ful industrial relations and negation of SEc. 3. In fulfillment of article VII of the tracts on the west. coast and, as far as collective bargaining, we were correct. constitution of the Organization, the Sec­ retary of State shall cause to be organized the east-coast shipowners are concerned, The events of today and tomorrow are a National Commission on Educational this afternoon they notified the repre­ supporting that contention. Scientific, and Cultural Corporation of not sentatives of labor that the only pro­ This lock-out in our merchant marin~ to exceed 100 members. Such Commission posals they will consider are wage cuts. the operation of which is so essential in shall be appointed by the Secretary of State It is significant that Mr. Frank J. the program of world reconstruction, is and · s~all consist of (a) not more than 60 ~aylor, chairman of the Merchant being brought about by the shipowners 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 6995 who have placed their feet on the table States, without regard to section 11 of the During the past few days many of the and who are relying on the Taft-Hartley act of March 1, 1919 (44 U.S. C. 111); provisions carried in this bill have been bill not only to destroy organizations of (7) to employ, without regard to the civil­ presented to us. If we do not know by labor but to destroy the wage standards service and classification laws, when such employmen~ is provided for by the appropri­ this time that this bill should be recom­ that labor has acquired. Not only do ation act, (i) persons on a temporary basis, mitted, then I say we are impossible in they refuse to negotiate, mediate, or ar­ and (ii) aliens within the United States, but our attitude toward it. I warn you now bitrate revision of wage standards up­ such employment of aliens shall be limited that no niatter how much is accepted by ward, but they refuse and continue to services related to the translation or nan·a­ this committee and how many amend­ present wages and demand that wages tion of colloquial speech in foreign languages ments and changes are made in order to be cut. They refuse to continue exist­ when suitably qualified United States citizens get the bill passed by the House, that are not available; and· ' ing contracts, they demand that wages (8) to create such advisory qommittee as does not mean those will be the final pro­ be cut, they walk out of negotiations, the Secretary may decide to be of. assistance visions of this bill and we all know it. walk out of conferences, and rely on the in formulating his policies for carrying out It· will give authority to another body to Taft-Hartley bill. the purposes of this act. No committee place back in the Appropriations Com­ What is happening in this industry member shall be allowed any salary or other mittee the amount that we struck out on will happen in the next few weeks in compensation for services; but he may be a point of order. many other industries in these United paid his actual transportation expenses, and Mr. WADSWORTH. Mr. Chairman, I not to exceed $10 per diem in lieu of sub­ States. This lock-out in the shipping in~ sistence and other expenses, while away from rise in opposition to the amendment. dustry is a preview of labor relations his home in attendance upon meetings with­ Mr. Chairman, as I understand, the under the Taft-Hartley law. It is the in the United States or in consultation with gentleman from Illinois has moved to pattern that the monopolies will follow. the Department under instructions. strike out all of title VII. He has placed Mr. MURRAY of Wisconsin. Mr. special emphasis upon the language be­ Chairman, I ask unanimous consent that With the following committee amend­ ginning at the bottom of page 12 and the word "farmer" in my amendment be ments: running over to line 4 on page 13, which changed to read "one farmer.'·' Ptge 13, line 9, after "(3)", insert "when­ is the _first paragraph of section 701. The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection ever necessary." Had his amendment been confined to Page 13, line 16, after the word "entertain­ that particular paragraph, I think it to the request of the gentleman from ment" strike out the balance of the line and Wi~consin? all of line 17, and . rnsert "necessary for the might. well have been worthy of debate, There was no objection. purposes of this act." but his amendment actually strikes out The Clerk read as follows: the entire -title. The committee amendments were If that should prevail, it will mean the TITLE VI-APPROPRIATIONS agreed to. end of the broadcasting effort com-· GENERAL AUTHORIZATION Mr. MASON. Mr.. Chairman, I offer pletely, for on page 13, commencing at EC. 601. Appropriations to carry .out the an amendment. line 9, we find language which author­ purposes of this act are hereby authorized. The Clerk read as follows: izes the purchase, rental, construction, TRANSFERS OF FUNDS Amendment offered by Mr. MAsoN: ·Strike including maintenance and operation of SEc. 602. The Secretary may authorize the out all of title VII. facilities for radio transmission. transfer to other Government agencies for expenditure in the United States and in Mr. MASON. Mr. Chairman, a few The gentleman from Illinois moves to other countries, in order to carry out the days ago I offered· a very drastic amend­ strike that out completely and make our purposes of this act, any part of any appro­ ment to .strike the enacting clause. I Government withdraw from that field priations available to the Department for knew it was a drastic amendment. I did altogether so as to make the American carrying out the purpos~s of this . act, for not offer it as dilatory tactics but I did people say in effect, "We quit." direct expenditure or as a working fund, and offer it to test the sentiment of the com­ I am not sure that the gentleman in­ any such expenditures may be made under tends to do that but that is the effect the specific authority contained in this act mittee, and I succeeded in doing ·it. I or under the authority governing the ac­ cited as a basis for offerjng that amend­ of his· amendment. On many an occa­ tivities of the Government agency to which a ment some foolish provisions that I con­ sion during this ~ebate I have heard part of any such appropriation is trans­ sider were in the bill, and I read them. Members say that if this bill is confined ferred, provided the activities come within I am offering this amendment to strike more especially to the broadcasting fea­ the scope of this act. title VII, and I want to read part of the ture they would be glad to give it more TITLE Vll-ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDUltES bill as a basis for the reason for offering enthusiastic support. Here is their op­ THE SECRETARY this amendment, and I want to perhaps portunity to decide whether or not they SEc. 701. In carrying out the purposes of carry on from where the gentleman from want to broadcast, because the gentle­ this act, the Secretary is authorized, in ad­ Iowa [Mr. GWYNNE] left off when he was man from Dlinois is offering an amend­ dition to and not in limitation of the au­ discussing the educational provisions in ment to strike it out completely. thority otherwise vested hi him-. this bill and when he stated definitely Moreover, under this paragraph on (1) In carrying out title II of this act, that they were contrary to the educa­ page 13, commencing at line 5, we find within the limitat.ion of such appropriations the language authorizing the furnishing, as the Congress may provide, to make grants tional policies of this Nation as we .have of money, services, or materials to State anci known them in the past-. I also say they se111ng, or renting, by contract or other­ local governmental institutions in the United are absolutely in violation of the educa­ wise, educational and informational ma­ States, to governmental institutions in other tional policies oJ the Unite.d States since terials and equipment for dissemination. countries, and to individuals and public or we have known them, over J50 years. As As I gather it, that would prevent the private nonprofit organizations both in the State Department from distributing the United States and in other countries; a basis for my opinion, I read the exact . wording· in title VII, section 701: educational material in that paper, (2) to furnish, sell, or rent, by contract "America," in Moscow. or otherwise, educational and information In carrying out the purposes of this act, materials and equipment for dissemination the Secretary is authorized, in addition to It would prevent the Department ·Of to, or use by, peoples of foreign countries; and not in limitation of the authority other­ State from maintaining the libraries, of (3) in carrying out title V of this act, to wise vested in him, to make grants· of money, which there are 170 now in existence. It purchase, rent, construct, improve, maintain, services, or materials to State and local gov­ may be stated that these libraries are and operate facilities for radio transmission ernmental institutions in the United States, managed, generally speaking, and are and reception, including the leasing of real to governmental institutions in other coun­ under the control of the American Am­ property both within and without the con­ tries, and to individuals and public or pri­ bassador or under the American consu­ tinental limits of the United States for pe­ vate nonprofit organizations both in the riods not to exceed 10 years, or for longer United States and in other countries. late office in or near the cities in which periods if provided for by the appropriation the libraries are established and main­ act; .- In other words, this is a blanket au­ tained. (4) to furnish official entertainment when thorization of funds in any amount, in In these libraries we find copies of provided for by the appropriation act; the billions of dollars~ that the Congress American magazines and a number of (5) to establish and maintain in the might appropriate, a blanket authoriza­ American books largely of a technical or United States reception centers for foreign student s and for visitors representative of tion to grant Federal aid to States, to engineering character. All the evidence the fields listed in section 201 above; local communities, and to individuals in shows that foreigners flock into them ( 6) to provide for printing and binding the United · States, and to States and to read not only the magazines, if they cutside the continental limits of the United ;private indivi~uals in foreign countries. can read the English language, but to 6996. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 13 get hold of the technical books and learn ernmental institution? May I ask the Mr. KEEFE._ Mr. Chairman, I offer an· more about American progress in engi­ chairman of the committee or some amendment. neering and scientific achievement. In­ member of the committee just what you The Clerk read as follows: cidentally, that is good business for the mean by that? · Amendment offerefi by Mr. KEEFE: Page 12, United States because when knowledge Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Chairman, will the line 22, strike O';lt subparagraphs 1, 4, and 5. of that kind is distributed to a foreign gentleman yield? · country it makes a market for our Mr. KEEFE. I yield. What are the Mr. KEEFE. Mr. Chairman, this. exports. governmental institutions that are ex­ amendment, may I say to my colleagues, The gentleman from Illinois would pected to be afded under subparagraph 1? does not in any sense curtail the activities strike all that out completely by his Mr. MUNDT. Those which we have in that were suggested as necessary by the amendment to strike out all of title VII. mind and those. which come under the distinguished gentleman from New York In other words, his amendment means program are such Government institu- . [Mr. WADSWORTH] ; in fact, in his re­ that there is nothing left to this bill tions as the Smithsonian Institution, marks he referred to these specific para­ worthy of the name. such local governmental institutions as graphs as being open to discussion and It may not surprise members of this the University of Minnesota, perhaps, or debate perhaps. . committee to know that I have been the University of California, where, I think we are getting into very dan­ very heartily in favor of this kind of through contractual arrangements, they gerous waters when we attempt to invest legislation for 2 years. I am in favor work out a program for the exchange of in the State Department the right to of it in view of what I. see going on in foreign students. make grants-in-aid for education in the world today. lam in favor of it be­ Mr. KEEFE. Then, do I understand America or in foreign countries, and that cause I am convinced that it will help the gentleman to say it means a college is the reason I am taking the ftoor now, make America strong, and we need or school that is publicly supported? Is in order that when the question comes strength. that a governmental institution? up for interpretation as to what the Con­ Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. Mr. Chair­ Mr. MUNDT. That would be a local gress meant when it passed such legisla­ man, I ask unanimous consent that the governmental institution. tion as this there will be something in amendment offered by the gentleman Mr. KEEFE. Then you authorize them the RECORD to indicate at least the idea from Illinois [Mr. MASON] may be read to make grants to individuals, public or that the Congress had in mind when it again. private nonprofit organizations, both in passed this kind of legislatiOI;l. The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection the United States and in other countries. I believe it is dangerpus to say to the to the request of the gentleman from It s~ems to me · clearly that is a very State Department: "You shall have the Nebraska? comprehensive and broad grant of power right within the limit of appropriations There was no objection. that has not been explained, and seems granted to you for the purpose of carry­ The Clerk again read the amendment. to open up the field to controversy and ing out the provisions of title 11"-which Mr. KEEFE. Mr. Chairman, I move before you get through it seems to me is the-exchange of students provision of to strike out the last word. you are going to get into uncharted seas. this bill-"to make grants of money to Mr. Chairman, it is perfectly obvious Mr. MUNDT. With private institu­ local . institutions without regard and to me that the very thoughtful, sympa­ tions, you have the church school and without investigation."· I think you will thetic consideration of this legislation is the local private school in the same cate­ be violating a constitutional provision going to reach a point after awhile, it gory as the State university. The ·whole and a policy of this Government that now being 5 minutes to 5, when we are thing is tied to title II. has been inherent in our Government going to start rushing. through the con­ Mr. KEEFE. I understand it refers since it was founded. · sideration of the balance of the bill. I to the student-exchange program. It Mr. MUNDT. Mr. · Chairman., will hope you will not do that. There are would permit the endowment of a pri­ the gentleman yield? some very important amendments that vately supported sectarian· school, to Mr. KEEFE. I yield. have been very well thought out and con­ which people would come from abroad. Mr. MUNDT. I wonder if the gentle­ sidered, which the committee will accept Is that true? man would be kind enough to comply and which perhaps ought to be explained Mr. MUNDT. That is not correct, be­ with a request to divide his amendment? before we rush through this bill. cause it says "in conaection with carry­ It strikes at· three different points, three The distinguished gentleman from ing out title II," which is another way different m:;~.tters. We do not have the New York [Mr. WADSWORTH] just ad­ of saying it covers the exchange of stu­ objections to two that we have to No. dressed the House with respect to the dents. 1, section 701, for example·. It is in a amendment offered by the gentleman Mr. KEEFE. But if you have a pri­ different category. As I explained to from Illinois [Mr. MASON]. In connec­ vately supported school, supported from the gentleman No. 1 involves the tuition tion with his remarks he properly took private funds, it may be sectarian or of students at schools such as Harvard, the position he did with respect to the nonsectarian in character, and you have Yale, and so forth. particular section to which he referred, an exchange of students for that school, Mr. COX. Mr. Chairman, will the but I confess I am very much in the that school would be entitled to receive gentleman yield? dark. I have an amendment before me aid under that section, would it not? · Mr. KEEFE. I yield. that I propose to offer to strike out sec­ Mr. MUNDT. Not aid. It is a con­ Mr. COX. I wish to inquire if it is tions 1, 4, and 5 of title 7. I would like tractual arrangement with a scholarship the purpose of the gentleman to try to to find out, if I can, as a matter of infor­ which the State Department might ex­ defend that part of the gentleman's mation, just what it is contemplated to tend to a South American student. He amendment · which goes to sections 4 do under section 1 of title 7. If I read then selects his school. He might select and 5? . it correctly, it means that you are au­ Harvard University, for instance, which Mr. MUNDT. No; I have no disposi­ thorizing the Secretary of State, within is a private school. We would not want tion to resist that if he will permit liis the limits of any appropriation that may to deny ·Harvard and Yale, for instance, amendment to be divided as to each of be granted, to inaugurate a system of participation in the program. the three points involved. grants-in-aid; grants of money, serviceS, Mr.- KEEFE. I do not want to inter­ Mr. KEEFE. I understand then, that or material to local governmental insti­ fere with this program. I want to be the gentleman would have no objection tutions. helpful i.f I can understand it, and to be if it were limited to sections 4 and 5? Is What do you mean by ''a govern­ sure that we have got a program that that right? mental institution"? What is a govern­ will work and one that will not rise up to Mr. COX. That is correct. mental institution within the meaning of haunt us and torment us later on. · Mr. KEEFE. I personally would have this language? What is a governmental The CHAIRMAN. "The time of the no serious objection to permitting lan­ institution in a foreign country? Is a gentleman from Wisconsin [Mr. KEEFE] guage such as is contained in section 1 parochial school or a privately supported has expired. to remain in this bill with the thorough institution of learning a governmental The question Is on the amendment and distinct understanding that the Con­ institution? Is an institution to which offered by the gentleman from Illinois gress is not committing itself to any you may send these students, under the [Mr. MASON). great big program of grants-in-aid, and exchange programs, for training a· gov;. The amendment was rejected. that when the appropriation comes be- 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 6997 fore this Congress, the Department is. intend to do so, but I think the gentle­ mittee that none of tliat money shall be not going to insist that it was the intent woman should move to strike out the last sent to institutional shops or factories, · that they should ask and put into an word, so we will be going along in an like the Bata shoe factory in Czechoslo­ appropriation bill money to carry on a orderly way. vakia and other industrial factories. For great big grant-in-aid program in edu­ Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. I instance, I understand today this sys­ cation. will be very glad to move to strike out tem is being followed in countries domi· -Mr. COX. Mr. Chairman, will the the last word. nated by the Communists. gentleman yield? The CHAIRMAN. There is a unani­ Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Chairman, will the Mr. KEEFE . • I yield. mous-consent request pending. Does gentlewoman yield? Mr. COX. The committee has no ob­ the gentlewoman from Massachusetts Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. I jection; in fact it has conceded the point object? will be glad to yield. I am sure it is the the gentleman has been making, and in Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. impression of the House that it cannot be view of what is stated I wonder if the Chairman, I object. • done under this bill, but I want to make gentleman would not be willing to amend Mr. COX. Mr. Chairman, I offer a sure. his amendment by confining it to sec- substitute amendment to the amend­ Mr. MUNDT. I am sure the gentle­ tions 4 and 5? - ment offered by the gentleman from woman is concerned, of course, because Mr. KEEFE. Mr. Chairman, in view Wisconsin, to strike sections 4 and 5 on we do not want that to happen and I am of the statement of the chairman of the page 13 of the bill. That is as the gen­ sure that there is no danger of it under subcommittee as made I ask unanimous tleman requested his original amend­ the provisions of this bill. In the first consent to amend the proposed amend­ ment to be amended. The motion is to place, a very tight reciprocal clause has ment by striking out subparagraph 1 and strike sections 4 and 5 on page 13 of been written in on page 3 of the act, leaving subparagraphs 4 and 5 to be elim­ the bill. which provides that these interchanges inated. The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman's of any type have to be on a reciprocal The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection amendment need not be a substitute. basis. As the gentlewoman knows, we to the request of the gentleman from The gentleman may offer that as an are not going to have that with Yugo­ Wisconsin? amendment, if he wishes. slavia and Czechoslovakia and Russia. Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. I will Chairman, reserving the right to object, Chairman, will the gentleman _yield? say to the gentleman that that still does does the gentleman feel this money would Mr. COX. I yield to the gentlewoman. not answer my question. go for instance to shoe industries, tex­ Will not the gentlewoman from Massa­ Mr. MUNDT. As to the other part of tile industries and so forth abroad, such chusetts withdraw her objection and the question, the grants that the gentle­ as the Bata Co. that was in operation in move to strike out the last word? woman is talking about are exclusively Czechoslovakia and then during the war Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. for educational institutions, because they was operated in this country by a Czecho­ Chairman, I move to strike out· the last deal exclusively with title II. A library slovakian? It also had schools. Would word. might not be considered an educational that be considered in connection with Mr. COX. Mr. Chairman, as I under­ institution, but I suppose it is close these grants to other countries? stand the gentlewoman, she withdraws enough to c.ome under that heading. Mr. KEEFE. I may say I do not know her·objection to the unanimous consent Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. I and the hearings are almost barren on request made a moment ago. speak with knowledge of that, because I that subject. I would like to have some Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Chairman, I suppose I was largely responsible for one on the committee answer that. demand the regular order. closing the nearby Maryland establish,­ Mr. JUDD. Mr. Chairman, will the The CHAlRMAN. Is there objection· ment which was operated by the Bata gentleman yield? to the proposal of the gentleman from Shoe · Co. While it was supposed to Mr. KEEFE. I yield to the gentleman Wisconsin to modify his amendment? be a shoe faCtory, in effect they we.re tak­ from Minnesota. Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. ing children into slavery. It was domi­ Mr. JUDD. What is involved in grants chairman, I ·may say to the Chair there nated by Nazi influence. of money and materials and services to Mr. MUNDT. There is a reciprocal .is no objection if I may ha:ve the oppor­ safeguard against that, because we have institutions is illustrated by what we have tunity to ask a question. safeguards in this program so that it been doing under this program in South The CHAIRMAN. Does the gentle­ will not happen. America. There are in South America woman object, or does she not object? almost 300 American schools. The State Mr. McDONOUGH. Mr. Chairman, Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. will the gentlewoman yield? Department puts up about $182,000 a year Chairman, I do not object to it, but I to provide the salaries of about 70 Amer­ • Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. I want my question answered first. yield to the gentleman from California. icans, as I recall, who teach in those Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Chairman, I de­ schools. Many are the principals. The Mr. McDONOUGH. I would. like to mand the regular order. ask the chairman of the committee this governments and the people of South The CHAIRMAN. If the gentle­ America, inch.iding the patrons of the question in connection with the matter woman will permit the request to be he had attempted to answer. What as­ sc.hools put in $3,500,000 a year. They agreed to, she may then move to strike provide $20 for our $1 to maintain Amer­ surances or specific safeguards are there out the last word. Is there objection? in the bill to guarantee that educational ican schools which have great influence There was no objection. in developing the minds and molding the institutions for training in trades, such The CHAIRMAN. The Clerk will re .. as we have established in this country, attitudes of the youngsters of South port the modified amendment of the gen­ America into attitudes favorable to our and that are entitled to the GI bill of tleman from Wisconsin [Mr. KEEFEJ. rights, and that are so recognized by a country. That is the sort of thing au­ The Clerk read as follows: thorized in subparagraph 1. I am glad government in Europe, cannot receive Amendment offered by Mr. KE;EFE: On page grants under this bill? There is no such the gentleman has agreed tQ its remain­ 13, strike out subparagraphs 4 and 5. ing in the bill. language in the bill that I can find that The CHAffiMAN. The time of the Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. does that. gentleman from Wisconsin has expired. Chairman, I move to strike out the last Mr. MUNDT. There are some contin­ Is there objection to the request of the word. gencies that we did not provide against, gentleman from Wisconsin? Mr. Chairman, I would like to make but we have provided for a control board, Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Mr. this very clear to the House. I think it · and we can repeal, by concurrent resolu­ Chairman, reserving the right to object, is their impression that this money will tion, any section of the bill in toto. Now, my question has not been answered and only be given to educational institutions. we have additional control under the I think. it is very important. I would like to state to them that in piaces Dirksen amendment which, I think, is an Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Chairman, like Yugoslavia and Czechoslovakia there additional safeguard, and it can be made we ought to have orderly procedure. has been, in conjunction with industrial to operate unless the whole world goes The gentlewoman from Massachusetts plants, educational teaching, especially cockeyed. can be taken off her feet by anyone de­ communistic, and I want to make sure Mr. McDONOUGH . . But if such an manding the regular order. I do not that it is the understanding of the com- institution for training men in precision 6998 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE JUNE 13 machinery and other things is recognized contributions. I think it is the most . studies, then I do not see how he could as an educational institution in Europe vicious part of this bill. I think it would properly administer title 2 of the bill. or Asia, then they would come under the be ·a dangerous precedent for this House With respect to the statement just ·terms of this bill, as I read it. to establish. ·made by the gentleman from Indiana Mr. MUNDT. Not under any manda· Without taking any more time of the that this would-interfere· with the GI's tory provision. Committee, I 'Urge the adoption of the education, may I say that not a single Mr. REED of New York. Mr. Chair· amendment. undergraduate student will come to this man, I move that the -Committee do now Mr. WELCH. Mr. Chairman, will the country to study under this bill; only I'ise. · gentleman yield? graduate students, a~ our graduate Mr. MUNDT. Mr. Chairman, I make Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. I yield. schools are not overcrowded, with the the point of order that the motion has Mr. WELCH. In what particular re­ exception of a few like medical schools. not been submitted in writing. spect is the subsection vicious? With respect to the question the gen­ Mr. REED of New York. Mr. Chair· Mr .• HARNESS of Indiana. I said I tleman raised as to the $10 a· day per man, a preferential motion of this char· think it would be a dangerous precedent diem for subsistence, that is a maximum acter does not have to be submitted in for the Congress to establish. It would figure and applies only during the time Wliting. give the Secretary of State a blank check of traveling. Under the regulations of The CHAIRMAN. The point of order to make contributions to governmental the State Department published in the is sustained. agencies, to private and public schools Federal Register of August 23, 1944, the The question is on the amendment and universities, not only in this country highest ranking visitors, professors, per­ offered by the gentleman f1·om Wiscon· but in foreign countries; and to in­ sons of infiuence or possessing special sin [Mr. KEEFE]. _ dividuals. qualifications in a technical. professional The question was taken; and Mr. Mr. WELCH. Has not a precedent or other specialized field, are allowed ANGELL demanded a division. been established? an expense account of $10 a day when Mr. REED of New York. Mr. Chair· Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. It occurs traveling. Students under the -regula­ man, I offer a preferential motion. to me this proposed grant is without tions receive not to exceed $7 a day for The Clerk read as follows: precedent. food, lodging, and incidentals. while they Mr. REED of New York moves that the Com­ Mr. WELCH. Of course it is not estab­ are traveling to and from America ex­ mittee do now rise. lishing precedent. Under the GI bill of cept. that it is $3.50 a day while they are rights a veteran can choose any institu­ on shipboard. We can best judge the The CHAIRMAN. The question is on tion of learning or vocational-training future of this program by what has the motion offered by the gentleman from school, public or private, in the United happened in the past. We have gone New York. States. That is his privilege. The over the figures of how it has been op­ The question was taken; and on a amendment would deny that which is erated heretofore, and the amounts spent division (demanded by Mr~ RAYBURN) already granted in the bill of rights. have not been excessive. there were-ayes 93, noes 95. Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. Do you If you want to weaken title 2 and Mr. REED of New York. Mr. Chair· ·mean to the servicemen? To the make the program of student exchange man, I demand tellers. veterans? more difficult to administer, which pro­ Tellers were ordered, and the Chair· Mr. WELCH. Yes. gram in my judgment is one of the most man appointed as tellers Mr. MUNDT and Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. Why. it important in the whole bill, and in the Mr. REED of New York. has nothing whatsoever to do with the long run, more valuable even than the The Committee again divided; and the GI bill of rights, except that its enact· information service, then you will accept tellers reported that there were-ayes ment could hardly be pleasing to our de­ this amendment. · · 101, noes 110. serving veterans receiving educational If the subsection in· question were to So the motion was rejected. benefits under that measure. permit the Federal Government to make The CHAIRMAN. The Chair will state Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Chair,man, will grants~in-aid to private ins.titutions or that before the motion was made that the gentleman yield? - to governmental institutions in the man­ the Committee do now rise the question Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. Yes, I yield. ner feared by some who have expressed was being-taken on the amendment of­ Mr. HOFFMAN. In answer to the gen­ themselves on the fioor, I would oppose fered by the gentleman from Wisconsin tleman from California [Mr. WELCH], the 1t~ My votes have shown I am as vigor­ [Mr. KEEFE]. There was a voice vote paragraph expressly says it is limited to ously opposed to Federal subsidy or con· and then a ·division was requested. title II, which has not anything to do trol of our educational institutions as Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Chairman, a with veterans. any man can be. All the subsection does parliamentary inquiry. Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. That is with respect' to educational and training The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman w111 perfectly true. institutions is to authorize that tuition state it. But as I was about to remark when and related fees when not available from Mr. McCORMACK. The Chair had the gentleman from California inter­ other sources will be paid by the State stated that a standing vote had been re·· vened, this grant of authority to the Department "on behalf of the grantee quested, but I think the Chair failed to Secretary of State can hardly be justi­ direct to the institution concerned upon state that the Chair announced the fied to our American veterans who are presentation of an itemized voucher · "ayes'' had it on the voice vote. trying, with Government assistance, to countersigned by the grantee." Those The CHAIRMAN. No. No announce­ complete educations which were inter· are the words of the regulations. ment was · made on the division. The rupted by military service. We offer This question of student interchange preferential motion intervened. them $65 per month single, or $90 per has already been discussed at great The question is on the amendment month if they are married and struggling length and it has been approved by a offered by the gentleman from Wiscon­ to hold families together. Yet here it is majority of the Committee on several sin [Mr. KEEFE]. proposed to authorize payment of ex­ votes. It is my hope that this amend­ The question was taken; and on a di­ penses of about $10 per day for foreign ment, too, will be voted down. vision there were-ayes 145, noes 1. students. Mr. MANSFIELD of Montana. Mr. So the amendment was agreed to. I urge that this amendment be adopted. Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. Mr. Mr. JUDD. Mr. Chairman. I rise in Mr. JUDD. I yield. Chairman, I offer an amendment. opposition to the amendment. Mr. MANSFIELD of Montana. All I The Clerk read as follows: Mr. Chairman, 1f this amendment were wish to say is that this particular sub· Amendnrent offered by Mr. HARNESS of Indi­ to be adopted it would be almost equiva­ section does not create a precedent but ana: On page 12, line 22, strike out all of is already in force with Latin-American · subsection 1. lent to striking title 2 from the bill be­ cause, of course, if the Secretary of State countries. Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. Mr. Chair­ is not permitted to make the necessary Mr. JUDD. Yes, all that this section man, this amendment has been fully grants to institutions to enable them to does is to permit the Secretary to do in debated for 3 or 4 days. This bas to train the students and professors to be the new areas of Europe, Asia, and Africa do with subsection 1 on page 12. It sent to them, or to give books and money what he has been ·doing all along under strikes out the authority granted to the for travel and maintenance to the indi­ existing Jaw with respect to Latin Secretary of State to make these various viduals to enable them to c'arry out theil· - America. 1947 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE 6999 Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. Mr. Chair­ down almost through title VII and all The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there man, will the gentleman yield? the vital decisions on this legislation objection to the request of the gentle­ Mr. JUDD. I yield. have been made affirmatively. We ap­ man from Indiana? Mr. HARNESS of Indiana. Then if the preciate that. We thank the House for There was no objection. gentleman's statement he just :made to its cooperation and support. PROGRAM FOR NEXT WEEK this Committee is true, they dp not need I see no reason, therefore, why we this section in the bill. The gentleman should sit here and argue about the re­ Mr. HALLECK. Mr. Speaker, I ask says they have been doing it. All right; maining sections, which are pretty much unanimous consent to address the House let them do it the way they have been administrative in detail, and which are for 1 minute. · doing it before without giving them spe­ largely in the nature of correcting safe­ The SPEAKER pro tempore. Is there cific blanket authority. guard amendments and directives. I objection to the request of the gentleman Mr. JUDD. The answer to the gen- think it would be more agreeable to the from Indiana? . tleman is that they are doing it ~ow with House to rise at this time .and take our There was no objection . respect to Latin America because they final action on this legislation the first Mr. HALLECK. Mr. Speaker, I take have legislation for Latin America. They part of next week, since it might require this time to announce the program for do not have it for the rest of the world; from 60 to 90 minutes at this late hour to next week. this section is for the very purpose of wind up the 'details remaining to be con­ ·On Monday we will call the Consent giving it to them, otherwise the Appro­ sidered and to explain fully the admin­ Calendar, and it is possible that there priations Committee properly will pro­ istrative safeguards they include. There may be some motions to suspend the vide no funds. The authority for Latin also remain a number of amendments to rules. Then we propose to take up the America was given in the legislation that which the committee has agreed, but conference report on the so-called wool set up the so-called Rockefeller program. each of them will require some time. bill. I do not know how soon that might This section does not expand the Secre­ Consequently, I move, Mr. Chairman, · be concluded. The measure we have tary's power. It merely extends the that the Committee do now rise. been considering today is unfinished area over which he will have such au­ The motion was agre.ed to. business, of course, and if there is time it thority. could be called up for further considera­ Accordingly the Committee rose; and tion at that time. Mr. MATHEWS. Mr. Chairman, will the Speaker pro tempore [Mr. MicH­ the gentleman yield? Mr. RAYBURN. Mr. Speaker, will the ENER] having assumed the Chair, Mr. gentleman yield? Mr. JUDD. I yield. JENKINS of Ohio, Chairman of the Com­ Mr. MATHEWS. Can the gentleman Mr. HALLECK. I yield to the gentle­ mittee of the Whole House on the State man from Texas. point out in the bill where there is any of the Union, reportlid that that Com­ restriction on the $10-a-day subsistence Mr. RAYBURN. I note that the con- mittee, having had under consideration . ference report on the so-called rent­ allowance? the bill

/ 1947 CONGRESSIONAL. RECORD- HOUSE 7001 been promulgated throughout the years tion it is, and because we see in the hori­ I, for one, choose to champion the whereby each individual is given an equal zon difficult years ahead. Economically, cause of the average citizen of America opportunity to work with his hands. To there is no stabilization abroad. Even who has been and still is given the op­ others is given the opportunity to guide now the Congress is asking for legisla­ portunity to establish his own business and direct, and, in a business enterprise, tion intended to preserve our freedom enterprise as distinguished from the the normal fiow of capital makes labor through military education of youth be­ caste system which remains in so many and capital a working team for the com­ cause, forsooth, no man can tell what to­ nations of this earth. mon good. There is not a single man in morrow will bring. The solution of financial difficulties be­ this assembly that can tell with assur­ It is a paradox, therefore, to face an cause of lack of capital, restoration of ance what will happen 6 months or 2 unknown future on a national plane confidence, the offering of counsel and years hence. where the best minds in America are advice when it is needed most, have been ·There is only one way to judge the concerned about peace and the genera­ the contribution of the Reconstruction future, and that. is from the past and tions to follow, and, at the same time, Finance Corporation to our national present. In the past we have seen re­ consider the elimination of an organi­ well-being for a period of approximately peated depressions following a cycle of zaftion which is the only stabilizing force 15 years. We can ill afford to ignore the war where millions of human beings·were in Government today to assist the ma­ fact that when the economic fabric of dependent upon public aid because posi­ jority of our business enterprises when our Nation was torn apart, these Govern­ tions were not available to them. There credit is not normally available. ment representatives worked day and are many who believe that at the present There is a distinction between the night to bring the seams together in time we are in the throes of a recession. credit made available by banks and that order that others might have the oppor­ Many believe that this recession will be by the Fe~eral Government in coopera­ tunity guaranteed under our form of corrected within a period of several tion with the banks. There is a mistaken government. We will be asked within months, while there are others who be­ concept that the Reconstruction Finance the next fortnight to make our decision l~eve that the recession may well become Corporation is in competition with banks. on this important issue. Let us do it a depression, depending upon the plan­ This is not so. Every time a loan is made forthrightly by giving credit' where credit ning and thinking of our national some bank has denied the application is due.- Let us keep faith with the future leaders. or participates with this Corporation of of America. Let us preserve our private­ During the period of the war, theRe­ the Government to extend credit so that enterprise system, and let us give all an construction Finance Corporation car­ that industry might live. equal opportunity to be proud of their ried a greater burdoo than would nor­ We have erected an .economic clinic Government-the Government which _mally be asked of a peacetime organiza­ where ills of industry can be analyzed we, the Congress, serve. · tion. It did it willingly, faithfully, con­ and a sound formula prescribed so long SPECIAL ORDER GRANTED scientiously, and more and more ~espon­ as there is an opportunity to preserve sibility was placed in this organization this industry for the common good. It Mr. O'KONSKI. Mr. Speaker, I ask because of its reputation for doing a job is that kind of union between Govern­ unanimous consent that after the dis­ along a businesslike way for the com­ ment, banks, and industry for the benefit position of business on the Speaker's desk mon good. The Army, the Navy, the of labor, for the benefit of capital, for and the conclusion of special orders here.:. Maritime Commission, even the Con­ the benefit of this Nation, that we can tofore entered I may address the House gress have made mistakes. To be human preserve our ideals as a Nation and con­ for 5 minutes. is to err. It is unjust now to high light tinue to operate as a private enterprise The SPEAKER pro tempor.e. Is there weaknesses only and not give credit country. objection to the request of the gentleman where credit is due to the over-all Look around you. England, France, from Wisconsin? achievements of an organization which Italy, Austria, Hungary, Sweden, even There was no objection. has helped this Nation weather a depres­ many of our South American countries EXTENSION OF REMARKS sion and is composed now of experts ob­ are turning away from the private enter­ Mr. McCONNELL asked and was tained through 15 years of practical ex­ prise ·system, and we, alJ:,nost alone, are granted permission to extend his remarks perience to withstand whatever economic fighting the battle for a republican form in the RECORD and include an editorial blow may be facing the 142,000,000 peo­ of Government and the retention of our from the Philadelphia evening paper. ple who comprise this Nation. democratic way of life. The bulwark Mr. FARRINGTON