Pigeons E-Edition

Pigeons Backyard e-edition Poultry America’s Favorite Poultry Magazine

All about Pigeons! EXPLORE PIGEON TYPES from Rollers to Racers PLUS: Pigeons Housing & feeding Strike a well-designed loft A Pose keeps your birds healthy

Raising Pigeons FOR PROFIT improving lives while running a pigeon business

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Pigeons e-edition www.countrysidenetwork.com 1 Contents // Pigeons e-edition

4 From the Editor 8 Pigeons Photo Essay Pigeons strike a pose for photographer 6 Backyard Poultry Social Bret Hartman. Connect with Backyard Poultry on social media. 14 Get to Know Pigeons This adaptable bird has been valuable 7 Meet & Greet: Kenny Coogan through the ages. Our Pigeons e-edition featured contributor. 18 From Rollers to Racers Explore pigeon breeds and types.

2 Backyard Poultry 24 Flock Photos Featuring photos from our readers.

26 How to Properly House and Feed Pigeons Good pigeon loft design can help your pigeons stay healthy.

30 Meet the English Pouter Pigeon Your guide to fancy pigeon breeds.

35 Peace, Love, and Pigeons Tips for improving others’ lives with your pigeon business. 26

Pigeons e-edition www.countrysidenetwork.com 3 from the editor Backyard Poultry Unsung www.countrysidenetwork.com

Editorial Steph Merkle, Content Director Heroes Editor, [email protected] Pam Freeman Pam Freeman, Editor [email protected] remember the first time I visited the and are, arguably, some of the most impor- Ohio National Poultry Show and saw tant birds around. They have been, and still Editorial Assistants the rows of pigeons there for the com- are, a food source. But beyond that, hom- Samantha Ingersoll, Ann Tom

Ipetition. Yes, I knew pigeons were more ing pigeons allowed folks to communicate Circulation & Marketing than the street birds you see in the city. But, via long distances well before the internet. Ellen Grunseth, Marketing Director I was shocked at the variety in front of my They’ve been war heroes thrust in the heat [email protected] eyes. There were pigeons with almost no of battle and trusted with saving lives. And, beak, some with frilly feathers everywhere, they’ve provided entertainment through the Advertising Alicia Soper, Advertising Director others standing tall and proud. I have been sport of racing. [email protected] fascinated by them ever since. Pigeons are the unsung heroes of our back- (715) 748-1388 Aside from the show circuit, pigeons have yard flocks. Enjoy learning more about played an important role throughout history them! Kelly Weiler [email protected] (715) 748-1389

Sue Lapcewich [email protected] (970) 392-4436

General Manager Mike Campbell [email protected]

Backyard Poultry’s Main Coop Backyard Poultry P.O. Box 566, Medford, WI 54451 www.countrysidenetwork.com

Subscriptions (U.S. funds): $24.99 per year Backyard Poultry Subscriptions P.O. Box 1848, Carson City, NV 89702 (970) 392-4419 Photo Credit: Pam Freeman

Backyard Poultry (ISSN 1559-2251, USPS 023-374) is published bi-monthly by Countryside Publications, P.O. Box 566, Medford, WI 54451. Periodicals postage paid at Medford, WI and additional mailing offices. ©2018 Countryside Publications. Countryside Publications is owned and operated by Fence Post Co. The views presented here do not necessarily represent On The Cover those of the editor or publisher. All contents of this issue of Backyard Poultry are copyrighted by Countryside Publications, 2018. All rights reserved. Reproduction in whole or in part is prohibited except by permission of the publisher. Managing pigeon breeding will allow your birds to be ready for a show. POSTMASTER: Send all UAA to CFS. (See DMM 707.4.12.5); NON-POSTAL AND MILITARY FACILITIES: Send address corrections to Backyard Poultry Subscriptions, P.O. Box 1848, Carson City, NV 89702

4 Backyard Poultry Backyard Subscribe today! Poultry Goat Journal Countryside & Small Stock Journal The leading magazine that focuses on “all things goat.” Regular topics include The magazine of modern homesteading, raising, breeding and marketing goats, featuring information on gardening, along with features and information on food preservation, small livestock, making the goat business more poultry, preparedness and self-reliant profitable and rewarding. Each issue living. provides timely articles, news, and health information for goat owners.

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6 Backyard Poultry Meet & Greet Getting to Know Kenny Coogan

Our Pigeons e-edition Featured Contributor

Hi! My name is Kenny Coogan and I’m regular contributor to Backyard Poultry magazine and Coun- tryside & Small Stock Journal. I am a freelance writer, author, and permaculturist living in Florida. I have 20 years of experience as a poultry owner and a B.S. in animal behavior. I have trained professionally at zoos and aquariums. I have cared for pigeons, penguins, and porcupines. My all-time favorite animals to work with are sloths. I share my one-acre Florida homestead with cats, chickens, ducks, guinea pigs, bearded dragon and a 28-year-old female Moluccan cockatoo named Buddy. I love teaching about homesteading, raising animals, and gardening. When the hot Florida summer comes, I love to travel internationally. So far I’ve been to five continents.

Kenny Coogan Find Kenny online at: Facebook.com/ CritterCompanions KennyCoogan.com

More great stories from Kenny Coogan on countrysidenetwork.com!

Pigeons e-edition www.countrysidenetwork.com 7 Pigeons Strike a Pose

Bret Hartman has photographed everyone from comedian Will Ferrell to legendary actor Dustin Hoffman, so we challenged him with a new assignment: pigeons.

He captured these stunning shots at the The National Pigeon Association Grand National Pigeon Show in Los Angeles (2015).

Pictured: Charles Scott, Pomeranian Pouter, White

8 Backyard Poultry Pigeons e-edition www.countrysidenetwork.com 9 6 Backyard Poultry 10 Backyard Poultry

BYP April-May 10-2 2-50 start.indd 6 2/22/15 1:22 PM Larry Schulz, American Show Racer, Opal

ore than 7,000 birds and 200 different breeds were shown at the event, Robert Sanchez, West of England including a few by former heavyweight boxing champion Mike Tyson, Tumbler, Almond according to the event’s host, the Los Angeles Pigeon Club. M“LAPC spent almost two years in preparation for the show, and the fruit of that hard work and team effort was evident in any direction you would look at,” said Muhammad Shaheed, the club’s media liason. “What I liked most was the bonding of humanity that was displayed. People came from all over the world, of different races, colors, social classes, religious backgrounds ... and they all became a part of a family, enjoying not only the birds in display, but more importantly, enjoying each others companionship. In a world full of stress and anxiety and hatred, the show of- fered peace and comfort, and love for each other as humans.”

Above: Larry Wilmes, American Giant Homer, Brown Bar

Opposite page, top: Abigail Copeland. Hungarian; Natasha Soares, Gold Fantail; Mia Bella Mefferd, English Shortface; Emily Isom, Oriental Roller; Alisa Foster, Old Style Saddle Muffed Tumbler; Niah Mauldin, Racing Homer; Zachery Ferrell, Voorburg Shield Cropper; and Vincent Pizzuto, Modena.

Opposite page, bottom left: Justin Curl, Portuguese Tumbler, Two Color Tiger

Opposite page, bottom right: Peter Frantangelo Jr., Domestic Show Flight, Yellow Samantha Wendell, Western Fantail, AprilPlain Head / May 2015 Blackwww.backyardpoultrymag.com 7 Pigeons e-edition www.countrysidenetwork.com 11

BYP April-May 10-2 2-50 start.indd 7 2/22/15 1:22 PM KathieSamantha Johnson, Wendell, Pomeranian Western Fantail, Pouter, WhiteBlack

National Pigeon Association President Jerry Gagne (left), and National Fancy Pigeon Association President Fadilius Hendricks, English Tumblers, Splash.

Eugene Sande, Show Roller, Red Top:Top: Keith Keith Chadd, Chadd, English English Tumblers, SplashSplash Checked Beard Bottom, left: Teresa Reyes Barrow (left), and Monica Soareds, Black Headed Tumbler, BlackBottom, left: Teresa Reyes Barrow (left), and Monica Soareds, Black Headed Tumbler, Blacck All photos by Bret Hartman/ Bottom, right: Donald Roscoe, Dragoon, Blue Bar www.brethartman.com Bottom, right: Donald Roscoe, Dragoon, Blue Bar 8 Backyard Poultry 12 Backyard Poultry

BYP April-May 10-2 2-50 start.indd 8 2/22/15 1:22 PM Sherri Owen (Artist), Pigeon Painting — Holy Spirit, White

Pigeons e-edition www.countrysidenetwork.com 13 In addition to a range of colors, pigeons have been bred for shows, racing and as a source of protein.

Get to Know Pigeons

This Adaptable Bird Has Been Valuable Through the Ages

by Kenny Coogan

igeons are remarkable for so many reasons. A true cosmopolitan, long after humans have left this Earth, only cockroaches, rats, and pigeons will remain. Humans and pigeons have been sharing living space P as far back as 3000 BC, in Mesopotamia, modern Iraq. Did you know that pigeons mate for life and both sexes care for the young? They have the ability to fly at altitudes up to 6,000 feet, and at speeds between 50 and 70 miles per hour. The fastest recorded speed is 92.5 miles per hour. These are just a few of many amazing pigeon facts!

14 Backyard Poultry Pigeons are well-adapted at living in urban or rural areas.

show. Some are for performance, such as the roller or tumbler breeds. Growing up I had a small flock of rollers and tumblers. After a few years or raising them, and enjoying their aerial acrobatics, I attended a pigeon show to expand my collection. I purchased a pair of runt pigeons. These ironically named pigeons can weigh up to 3.5 pounds! They are mostly raised for show or squab meat. The seller said I could let them free range in the yard like chickens. After a week of keeping them in the coop to get their bearings, I let them out to explore the lawn. As soon as the door opened, the birds took off straight toward the horizon. That was a sad day. Lesson learned. Not all pigeons should be expected to return if they are released from their coop. Countless park goers across the world How Do Pigeons Breed? In ancient Mesopotamia, sailors would feed thousands of feral pigeons daily. Many The coupling ritual starts with the male release pigeons — and ravens — from their members of different religions including characteristically cooing and puffing out his ships. They would track the birds to orient Muslims, Hindus, and Sikhs feed pigeons neck. The female will fly or walk short dis- themselves toward land. A thousand years for spiritual reasons. Some older Sikhs tances to entice the male to follow her. Once later, you have the story of Noah in the Old will ritualistically feed pigeons to honor she is satisfied she will accept offerings of Testament. Around this time you also start Guru Gobind Singh, a high priest who was food and position herself to be mounted. seeing pigeons featured in sculptures, jew- renowned as a friend to pigeons. I know I Eight to 12 days after mating and ac- elry, and hair needles. couldn’t resist sitting down in the middle cepting food gifts from her mate, the hen The Phoenicians distributed white pi- of Venice’s historic St. Mark’s Square to will usually lay two white eggs. Pigeons geons throughout the Mediterranean around befriend a flock of pigeons. Covering myself will breed year-round and will lay more 1000 BC. The Greeks gave pigeons to chil- with seed, I couldn’t stop smiling, as the eggs before the first clutch has left the nest. dren as toys, used the squabs as a food source, pigeons transformed me into a human perch. “Keeping the number of birds under and used their manure to fertilize crops. With so many types of pigeons to choose control is key to health and quality and suc- from, adding a flock to your backyard can cessful racing,” says Deone Roberts, Sport add a fun source of entertainment, income, Development Manager of the American or food to any homestead. Racing Pigeon Union. “To have the desired results in racing, the flyer/breeder needs to Pigeon Basics set down his/her goals.” Those goals will influence the type of How Long Do Pigeons Live? stock selected and the kinds of pairings you Domestic pigeons can live between 10 will make. Controlling the times of mating and 15 years. Although pigeons can become is also important if you plan on racing or sexually mature as early as five months, showing birds. many breeders recommended waiting for Organizations such as the American the birds to reach one year of age. Racing Pigeon Union are for people who love animals, fellowship, and friendly What Do Pigeons Eat? competition. If considering keeping pigeons you may be “We have a staffed national office to wondering, what do pigeons eat? Pigeons serve member needs such as leg bands and are granivores, eating seeds and cereals. diplomas, race figuring software, educa- Many pigeon feeds include cereals, corn, tional materials, beginner mentor program, wheat, dried peas, barley, and rye. Depend- zoning assistance for ordinance changes, and ing on the actively level of your bird, dif- promotion assistance,” says Roberts. ferent protein percentages are commercially In addition to racing pigeons, Roberts available. Pigeons will also benefit from says that there are hundreds of breeds of pi- fresh greens, berries, fruit, and an occasional geons and it seems more are created through Keeping pigeons is an ageless hobby. Photo by insect. selection for specific traits. Most are for Gary Weir

Pigeons e-edition www.countrysidenetwork.com 15 Budapest pigeons, with their comical eyes, were developed around 1907.

Some pigeon lofts, situated next to Roman houses, could maintain 5,000 Managing pigeon birds. The Romans created tube feeding breeding and watering systems for their birds and will allow started selectively breeding for desirable your birds to be traits. They bred birds that flew strange ready for patterns, could find their way home, were a show. large enough to eat, and had ornamental plumage. Today, schools raise pigeons to connect kids with history, nature and to empower them with life skills. “These projects are developing increased interest in science, math, computer technologies, health, and nutrition,” says Roberts. “When children have pigeons, they connect with nature. They are outside and away from computers, iPads, and the television.” Roberts reminds us that raising pigeons is not just a youth activity. “Likewise, the hobby provides enjoyment for retirees in their golden years.” “Our members come from a variety of backgrounds with regard to education, income, and ethnicity. It is not unusual for individuals to combine two hobbies that include more animals, such as a hobby farmer, that may also have poultry.” “What we have is an organization of members that gives to the community and gives to their own. Combine that with the love of a bird. There’s not much better than that,” says Roberts.

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Pigeons e-edition www.countrysidenetwork.com 17 From Rollers to Racers

Explore Pigeon Breeds and Types

By Kenny Coogan Photos by Layne Gardner (unless otherwise noted)

ecognized as a Master Breeder of Old Dutch Capuchines and Bavarian Pouters, Layne Gardner has had the good fortune of traveling the world photographing various types of pigeons. In her 50 years of raising pigeons (she Rstarted early!) she has developed a passion for quality and enjoys seeing excellent specimens in various breeds. She may have chosen Capuchines for their elegant Cruella de Vil neck feathers and possibly the Bavarian Pouters for their attractive balloon-like crop. But what characteristics and breed will you choose? With hundreds of types of pigeons to pick from, selecting a breed or variety can be overwhelming. Popular pigeon facts include their ability to adapt to various conditions and their inexpensive maintenance costs, which doesn’t help narrow down the choices. One of the best ways to choose a breed is by focusing on the flock’s purpose. Types of pigeons may be grouped into three classes: utility, fancy, and flying or homing breeds.

Pigeon Breeds by Class

Utility Breeds These birds are used mostly for squab production. The largest types of pigeons in this category include the White Kinds, Red Carneau, French Mondain, Giant Homers, and the ironically named Runts. Michael Kolodziej, owner of Ruffled Feather Farm, has been raising pigeons for 30 years. Currently, he raises one of the largest pigeon breeds and one of the smallest. “The giant runt is the largest breed of pigeon, and their size alone makes them regal,” he says. “They are truly a gentle giant. They are not the easiest breed to work with; because of their size, they break their eggs and even crush their young.” He tells me that they are best left undisturbed. When the squabs hatch, it’s amazing to watch this tiny chick develop into a giant. “I very seldom advertise my runts; Runt they sell themselves,” Kolodziej adds. pigeon “When people see them, they just have Photo by to have them. Their mass and impressive Michael Kolodziej size win you over.”

18 Backyard Poultry The French Mondain is valued for its beauty and food source.

Carneau originated in northern France and southern Belgium. Their size makes them suitable for squab production.

Here is a beautiful example of an opal French Mondain, compared to the typical blue.

Pigeons e-edition www.countrysidenetwork.com 19 Fancy Breeds These pigeons are kept for their gorgeous color, form, and texture. I remember fondly going to the New York State fair, annually and visiting the poultry building. I would spend hours on the second floor which was dedicated to the whimsical types of pigeons New York fanciers had to offer. These exhibition breeds included Fantails, Jacobins, Owls, Pouters, Tumblers, and Modenas.

Too little space for peafowl? Add a flock of Fantail pigeons to your yard for a fraction of the space.

Originating in Tunisia, Africa, owl pigeons have short and stout beaks, requiring small seed. This khaki pied individual is an amazing example of artificial selection.

This red splash Jacobin radiates elegance.

20 Backyard Poultry Looking for a blown-out Originally part of the feather look? Look no further tumbler group, this than this Chinese Owl black Magpie whose variety is blue bar. pigeon is predominately used as a show bird in the U.S.

Looking for a bird with curves? Try a bronze tri gazzi Modena.

A dark check show roller pigeon.

Pigeons e-edition www.countrysidenetwork.com 21 A variety of Kolodziej’s flock of Portuguese tumblers. Photo by Michael Kolodziej

Flying or Homing Breeds Possibly the most famous, this category includes racing pigeons that are used for endurance flying (distance or height) and their homing instinct. Breeds include Racing Homers and Rollers. Flying baldhead Kolodziej says that Portuguese tumblers are one of the smallest kite pigeon breeds of pigeons. “They are extremely fast flyers and they perform well.” Their small size is intriguing as well as the way they carry themselves. They have an erect stance, powerful chest, and a small beak which makes their appearance pleasing.

"When the males court, they walk on tip-toe and almost inhale to make themselves appear more impressive,” Kolodziej has noticed. “Another interesting factor is the wide variety of colors and unique patterns. It is always exciting to watch the young birds feather out to see what you produced. My biggest enjoyment is watching them fly. I sit for hours and just watch."

22 Backyard Poultry The Domestic Show Flight pigeon originated in New York state. This variety is a red plainhead.

Exhibition blue German long face tumbler is a slender bar homer upright breed.

American show racer

Berlin Short-Faced Tumblers were developed in the mid 19th century by crossing the Ancient Tumbler, Kazaner Tumbler and other breeds in Berlin.

Pigeons e-edition www.countrysidenetwork.com 23 This is Mapel, our Araucana hen. She is one of best green egg layers around.. – Kaitlyn Johns, Georgia

A white homing pigeon sitting on a nest box. – Emily Finger, Wisconsin

Finding a pullet egg is always a fun surprise. – Karri Burke, Wisconsin

Ways to share: Email photos in JPG format to [email protected] mEssage us on Facebook: Facebook.com/backyardpoultry tag us on Instagram or use #backyardpoultrymag: Instagram.com/backyardpoultrymag mail your entry to: Backyard Poultry, P.O. Box 566, Medford, WI 54451

Backyard Poultry retains the right to publish and/or reproduce any and all photos submitted. To have your photos returned, please include a self-addressed stamped envelope. 24 Backyard Poultry Are you my mother? These young guinea hens adopted this rooster as their mother. Life on the farm is never dull ! – Ed Fedor, Connecticut

Popcorn, one of my Rhode Island Reds, Well-designed loft and good nutrition is my best piece of checking out how life is on top of the hay advice if you plan to start raising pigeons. stack. – Kaitlyn Boss, Texas – Connie Yates

Babadook, a Silkie, playing in an Azalea bush. – Christina Smith, South Carolina

Backyard Poultry retains the right to publish and/or reproduce any and all photos submitted. To have your photos returned, please include a self-addressed stamped envelope. Pigeons e-edition www.countrysidenetwork.com 25 How to Properly House and Feed Pigeons

Good Pigeon Loft Design Can Help Your Pigeons Stay Healthy

by Kenny Coogan

igeons are adaptable, hardy, and agile. And although the types of pigeons range in size and function, all pigeons have similar husbandry requirements. Knowing what to feed P pigeons and their ideal loft design will allow you to ensure a healthy flock.

26 Backyard Poultry The size of the loft should allow eight to 10 cubic feet of air space per bird. A well-made loft would include at least three partitions: one for breeders, one for young birds, and one for old birds. To make it comfortable for yourself and to aid in cleaning, the ceiling should be high enough for you to stand erect. Having the loft elevated from the ground will help

Phil Spatola’s award-winning loft. Having the loft elevated from the ground helps air circulation air circulation and and keeps it dry. keep it dry.

Pigeon Loft Design had a friend install partitions and perches neighborhood is most helpful to encourage Across the board, the rule of thumb when inside the loft,” said Spatola. good community relations,” said Roberts. setting up and maintaining a pigeon loft is He cleans his “Cary’d Away Loft” once And remember, “The cost of construction to keep the loft extremely dry with plenty a day in the mornings and then feeds and has no bearing on racing success.” of ventilation. waters the birds. In the summer, he cleans the The size of the loft should allow eight Philip Spatola of Atlantic Highlands, loft twice a day. Fans and electricity were in- to 10 cubic feet of air space per bird. A New Jersey, recently won the American Rac- stalled to aid in ventilation and convenience. well-made loft would include at least three ing Pigeon Union “Loft of the Year” award. Deone Roberts, the Sport Development partitions: one for breeders, one for young Members were encouraged to submit pho- Manager for the American Racing Pigeon birds, and one for old birds. To make it tographs and descriptions of their lofts. Not Union, says that a well-designed loft consists comfortable for yourself and to aid in clean- only was it an on-line loft “beauty contest,” of a floor, four walls, a roof, external fixtures ing, the ceiling should be high enough for but it also illustrated the variety of appear- (landing board, trap, ventilators and turbines, you to stand erect. Having the loft elevated ances that provide healthy housing for hom- and aviaries), internal fixtures, a storage area from the ground will help air circulation ing pigeons. The styles and sizes conveyed for feed and other supplies plus an infirmary. and keep it dry. a large range of skill sets and funds. The loft needs to prevent vermin, including The roof should be slanted from front to “I contacted a local shed company to aerial predators. back to allow the rain to roll off away from build a shed to my specifications and then “A neat appearance and blending into the the landing board. The landing board should

Pigeons e-edition www.countrysidenetwork.com 27 be large enough for all the birds to land at one time. The trap functions so that pigeons that fly outside can get back into the loft but not be able to fly out again. It should be in the center of the landing board. Traps can be purchased for around $20. My father and I built a trap out of wire coat hangers when I was flying tumblers and racing pigeons, and it worked out great. Roberts says that aviaries are an essential part of any well-designed loft allowing the birds to have a constant supply of fresh air and sunshine. “Each section of the loft should have a small aviary where the birds can go out into the sun and rain,” said Frank McLaughlin. “It is also nice to be able to close off these aviaries to keep the weather from the inside of the loft.” McLaughlin of McLaughlin Lofts has been raising pigeons for 43 years. “Most of the best lofts have air enter- ing low and leaving the loft at a high point causing a chimney effect,” he said. “Many fanciers keep their pigeons on grated floors and some use a deep litter which I prefer a thin layer or wood pellets used in wood burning stoves.” “Dampness is the worst condition for pigeons so having sunlight enter the loft is To have good hygiene in the loft, place lids on all food and water containers. Photo by Phil excellent to keep dry,” said McLaughlin. Spatola. “Pigeons rarely if ever get sick if they have space, dryness, good feed, minerals/grits, and clean fresh water.”

28 Backyard Poultry DIY Pigeon which were strategically placed in fields, feed Formula and the caregivers would harvest the manure once a year to sell to other farmers. The Corn 40% pigeon manure was considered so valuable that guards were posted at the dovecotes to Red Wheat 27% keep thieves from stealing the wild birds’ droppings! In a different time in history, Peas 18% pigeon droppings were used as a component of gunpowder. Kefir (sorghum) 15% Dr. Ayhan Bekleyen of Dicle University, Diyarbakır, Turkey, shared this dovecot from Mineral grit Free Choice Eastern Turkey. Cleanliness in your nest boxes and loft are important for preventing manure buildup, minimizing moisture, and keeping a healthy environment, which reduces the Each mated pair of pigeons should have The Scoop on Pigeon Poop likelihood of disease. Placing an inch of sand their own nest box. The boxes do not need to Ten thousand years ago, farming was on the loft floor will assist in the cleaning on be elaborate. Boxes that are 18 inches long evolving in Iran. The shift from short-term the loft. You can easily sift through the sand and 12inches high and wide are suitable profits to sustaining yields had begun. Farm- and remove debris. Daily raking of the sand for most breeds. Having a small lip on the ers needed a way to amend the soil after their will keep the sand clean and dry. By adding front will keep nesting materials, eggs, and crops had decimated the soil’s fertility. Pi- a little dirt and organic matter like grass squabs safe. Placing a small clay flower pot geon towers, or dovecotes, became a crucial clippings to the manure, it will compost or bowl, along with nesting materials such part of the agricultural economy by provid- down, making your own valuable pigeon poo as hay, straw, pine needles, wood chips or ing fertilizer for crops such as melons and fertilizer. This high-nitrogen fertilizer works twigs will assist with the breeding cycle. cucumbers, which require a lot of nitrogen. well on tomatoes, eggplant, melons, roses, Perches throughout the loft and aviary Wild pigeons would live in these towers, and other plants that do well in rich soil. can be constructed out of one by four-inch boards, tree branches or half-inch doweling. While pigeons are highly sociable, another pigeon fact is that they can be territorial. Having ample perching is important to reduce quarreling.

What do Pigeons Eat? Commercial grain and seed mixes are easily available at farm stores and solve the question of what do pigeons eat. Protein Spatola’s is important for pigeons that are produc- “Cary’d Away ing. Peas and soybeans are great sources Loft” includes of protein. What do pigeons eat depends different on the activity level of the birds. Different partitions for compositions are made for birds that are different aged breeding, raising young, molting, or racing. birds. Some of the first food items that are eaten by the birds include green, maple, and yellow peas, mung beans, and lentils. To guarantee that your birds are getting the nutritional value that is advertised on the package, the birds must eat the full range of grains. If they are given too much seed, they will pick out their favorites. By offering only the amount of food the pigeons will consume in one day, you will ensure that they are eating the nutritional diversity the bag advertises. To create your own pigeon food, check out this baseline formula.

Pigeons e-edition www.countrysidenetwork.com 29 Meet the English Pouter Pigeon

Your Guide to Fancy Pigeon Breeds

By Kenny Coogan

30 Backyard Poultry here are several breeds and types of pigeons, but if there were ever a supermodel pigeon, the English Pouter would be stomping down the runway during fashion week. Homing pigeons, of course, would be the nerds T — calculating and compassing their way home with precession. Pouters have endlessly long legs, voluptuous crops (or globes), stand tall and do not merely strut about in the loft, but saunter. They put the bass in their walk, as they project an attitude of utmost confidence as they take long strides, placing one foot in front of the other. These birds are so attractive that a breed known as the Horseman Thief Pouter steals and retrieves wild pigeons and other fancier’s pigeons back to their loft with its good looks and wooing. Possibly as far back as the 17th century, the Horseman Thief Pouter was developed to have a high sex drive, to be nimble in flight, possess a strong homing instinct, and the ability and intent to seduce other pigeons. Generally speaking, Pouter breeds are very promiscuous and the Horseman Pouter is even more so. This type of selective breeding makes for entertaining birds in the loft, show pen, and flying around the yard. Frank Barrachina, who now lives in Pinon Hills, California has been breeding pigeons for most of his life. At age 66, he calculates that he has been breeding his favorites — Pouters and Croppers — for the past 54 years. He says that Pouters and Croppers are basically the same group of pigeons and the words are interchangeable.

Frank Barrachina’s English Pouter.

Frank Barrachina’s red English Pouter. Two-time National Champion.

Pigeons e-edition www.countrysidenetwork.com 31 For those interested in breeding Pouters, having surrogate pigeons on standby might be a good idea for many of the varieties. With those long supermodel-like legs, Pouters in the nest can become a bit clumsy and will possibly break the eggs.

“Both names describe a pigeon with the unique ability to fill its crop with air,” says Barrachina. But it is more than that, really. It also describes a pigeon that is naturally tame. The ability to distend the crop was originally used by the male pigeon to win over a mate. Over the centuries of selective breeding, this feature of wooing mates with an inflated globe lent itself to being a very tame pet bird. Although there are all kinds of Pouters and Croppers with different distinct physical shapes and markings, they all share the common trait of being able to inflate their crop. Barrachina breeds two distinctive radically different looking Pouter breeds. The English Pouter is the tallest breed of fancy pigeons with some of the biggest ones being 16 inches in height. The most unusual aspect about this breed is that they should stand upright with the eye over the ball of the foot. They have long legs that are clad in smooth feathers. “The body is also far removed from that of the bird your mind associates with pigeons. It is slim with a “V” shaped keel,” says Barrachina. Blue Bar Pigmy Pouter old cock that was the 2015 National Champion. Photo by Tally Mezzanatto.

32 Backyard Poultry Two baby English Pouters in the nest being taken care of by foster parents at five days old.

His other unique breed is the Old German Cropper. “This is the longest breed of fancy pigeon with some measuring 24 inches in Inside section of Jeff Clemens’s loft. length. “This extreme length comes from the long wing flights and tail,” said Barrachina. “The wings when opened and spread measure three or more feet across. The Old German Cropper stands close and parallel to the ground. While they appear substantial and full bodied, they are not thick and heavy but create the illusion of sheer size with their feathering. The ability to While they are not the best flyers, they breed well and are very fertile. “The tamer the bird, the better it is likely distend the crop Barrachina serves as the secretary of to win if its physical attributes as set forth the National Pouter and Cropper Club and by the standard are met,” says Barrachina. was originally is a well-known judge of the Pouter breeds. It all works together, but if the bird were used by the male Barrachina and his wife, Tally have traveled sulky or kind of wild, it won’t show to its the world judging pigeons, focusing on Pout- full potential. So a Pouter judge, if he or she pigeon to win over ers, and enjoy meeting other fanciers who is good, coos to the birds, plays with them, share the same passion. “We’ve met a lot of and gets them to look their best. Posture and a mate. Throughout wonderful folks over the years — friendly temperament are a big aspect when it comes and nice — and all share a common love to the show hall. A bird that is strutting and the centuries of for these unique pigeons,” says Barrachina. dancing will generally do well compared to selective breeding, Tally breeds Pigmy Pouters and Saxon one just standing, doing nothing. Pouters along with many other fancy variet- Jeff Clemens, of Altoona, Iowa, has been this feature of ies for top show competitions. The couple raising English Pouters since he was 12 years has achieved Master Breeder status from the old growing up in Fort Dodge, Iowa. For the wooing mates with National Pigeon Association and National last 25 years, he has been raising English Pouter & Cropper Club for their achieve- Pouters and a variety of other Pouters. an inflated globe ments with these breeds. For those interested in breeding Pouters, lent itself to being a While judging shows, Barrachina en- having surrogate pigeons on standby might courages the pigeons to inflate their crops, be a good idea for many of the varieties. With very tame pet bird. or as fanciers call them globes, and show off those long supermodel-like legs, Pouters in their strutting and posing skills. the nest can become a bit clumsy and will

Pigeons e-edition www.countrysidenetwork.com 33 possibly break the eggs. Clemens who raises 25 to 30 Pouter squabs a year uses German Beauty Homers and Racing Homers as the surrogate parents. “In some cases, I will also hand feed the Pouter babies once they reach seven days old to allow them to trust me and become more friendly, which pays off in the show hall.” For show quality birds, the National Pigeon Association (NPA) standard for each breed depicts the colors, markings, stance/ posture, head shape, eye color, as well as the faults that disqualify a bird. The position- ing and length of the legs is a key with the English Pouters as they are with most of the 30 plus Pouter breeds. Knowing how to properly house and feed pigeons is the key to raising pigeons success- fully. “It all begins with a good loft, clean feed, quality grit, and always clean water,” says Clemens. “Some of our Pouters can breed and raise their young by themselves, others require a more common kind of feeder, such as a homer, to raise their young. It’s a simple process that requires changing eggs that are laid at the same time.” Clemens says that the pigeon hobby is a wonderful way for kids as well as adults to do something fun together. “There isn’t anything like the spring when pairs are mated up and the eggs are hatching as we wait to see if the next Champion was just born,” says Clemens. “For kids, this hobby teaches responsibility and time management — much more exciting than sitting at a computer all day — this goes for any of the poultry or fowl birds. One thing that’s nice about pigeons is that they are much smaller and you can keep a few more to enjoy. Some folks like to fly their birds and others like to participate in shows, so there’s a big variety of why people enjoy the hobby.” The National English Pouter Club is an organization that Rick Wood and Jeff Clemens re-established in 2012. “The club has been in existence off and on since the early 1900’s and the interest was there to re-establish it in 2012, “ explains Clemens. “Today we have 25 members and it’s grow- There are several breeds and types of pigeons, ing monthly as the interest continues to build in the breed.” The club’s members consist but if there were ever a supermodel pigeon, the of doctors, accountants, military members, English Pouter would be stomping down the teachers, masonry workers, and many blue- collar careers. “It’s such a diverse group of runway during fashion week. people that sometimes I find it inconceivable that all walks of life can have an interest in this intriguing breed,” says Clemens.

34 Backyard Poultry Peace, Love, and Pigeons Tips for Improving Others’ Lives with Your Pigeon Business

White homing pigeons, often advertised as white doves, mate for life, and are positive symbols for any ceremony.

Invest in the Birds Choose birds that come from lineages that provide reliable homing instincts, have pure white By Kenny Coogan The White Chariot During your journey on your feathers and are friendly. The final flight home. homing instinct can be strong or White wings will carry you weak according to heredity. If eleasing white homing pigeons will surely add majesty and you will be flown. you are going to be releasing your to a wedding or enlightened spirituality to a memo- To the pearly gates of Heaven, birds only at the local church, then Rrial service. Throughout time, birds have been used in where they will usher you in. you will not need to invest in birds ceremonies and events. White homing pigeons (Columba livia that can home long distances. To the feet of your Lord, your domestica), which are often times advertised as white doves, can However, if you want to expand Savior, and your friend. represent eternal life, love, faith, purity, and prosperity. Pigeons your business range, choosing and doves mate for life, and at a wedding, they can symbolize He will hold you in his arms birds that have strong bodies and faithfulness, commitment, everlasting love, peace, serenity, and and the angels will sing. reliable homing instincts is a bet- new beginnings. Releasing them is environmentally friendly As another one of His children ter investment. Although initially and reinforces the unforgettable occasion. is delivered by higher overhead, these birds will A professionally coordinated white dove release is a unique white wings. reduce your percentage lost, rein- addition to an outdoor ceremony. Seeing the birds soar into the Author: Julie Johnson, vestment cost, and can be easier sky and circle overhead provides a breathtaking experience. For a popular recited verse to go to train. Feed your birds a suit- those getting into the hobby or those who wish to increase their along with a pigeon release able diet to prepare them for long business, here are our top 10 tips. at a funeral. distance flights.

Pigeons e-edition www.countrysidenetwork.com 35 Create a Business and Training Plan “I spent around $4,000 for a 250-square- lucrative.” And as poultry owners we know Your business plan should include your foot loft with water and electricity,” said that this isn’t so. When coming up with fees basic business concept, the markets you’ll Jackie Greenough, owner of Sarasota Dove for your services consider not only the bird’s pursue, an advertising strategy (including Release, in Sarasota, Florida. In addition to costs, but also your training time, mileage, social media) and your financial needs. A the cost of birds and housing, you’ll need to and release crates. loft that allows two square feet per bird is factor in time for training the birds prior to recommended. “I spent around $4,000 for selling your services. Advertise Welfare a 250-square-foot loft with water and elec- “First time around, it will take six to 12 “Almost all clients ask what happens to tricity,” said Jackie Greenough, owner of months to prepare them for a release,” Gre- the birds after the release,” said L.J. Mey- Sarasota Dove Release, in Sarasota, Florida. enough says. She purchased squeakers to ers, owner of Homeward Angels, located In addition to the cost of birds and housing, train, rather than buying adult mated pairs in Landrum, South Carolina. “They are you’ll need to factor in time for training the and waiting for them to reproduce. “Once comfortable with learning that the birds birds prior to selling your services. “First birds have flown — been trained from their are well trained and have a safe home to time around, it will take six to 12 months to home — it is always their home. Young return to.” prepare them for a release,” Greenough says. birds are usually purchased at around 4 or On your website or social media, ad- She purchased squeakers to train, rather than 5 weeks of age. You’ll need to keep them vertise your spacious loft and how they buying adult mated pairs and waiting for in the loft area for a couple weeks before live the good life. Advertise the rearing and them to reproduce. “Once birds have flown you let them out the trap to look at their training process, the clean nest boxes and — been trained from their home — it is new world.” bathing areas. always their home. Young birds are usually Now, after 10 years in the business, she Greenough says that some couples want purchased at around 4 or 5 weeks of age. has a sufficient number of birds to breed and sunset weddings, which she has to turn You’ll need to keep them in the loft area for bring to events simultaneously. down. The birds cannot navigate during the a couple weeks before you let them out the night, which is stated and explained in the trap to look at their new world.” Now, after Analyze the Competition contract. 10 years in the business, she has a sufficient “The first question is price,” Greenough “I explain how well the birds are trained number of birds to breed and bring to events says. People often think, “What a great thing. and how very important they are to me,” simultaneously. Just reusing the same birds. Must be very she adds.

36 Backyard Poultry Psalm 55:6 “Oh that I had wings like a dove! For then would I fly away and be at rest.”

Relay for Life, Battered Woman and Chil- dren, military officers who have lost their lives in combat, to assist with raising funds for charity, or significant events,” Dolly Kouri the Treasurer of the National White Dove Release Society (NWDRS) added. “I see the sense of peace the birds give to families and loved ones,” Greenough said, as she recalled bringing smiles to those remembering their friend.

Be a Pro “The white dove release industry has trade organizations and national directories that set standards and code of ethics for members,” Meyers explained. For those al- ready in the dove release business, NWDRS offers a second level of membership, called the Gold Level. “The benefits to joining Gold is a state listing on our professional Be prepared to answer client questions directory website (whitedovereleasesociety. about the welfare of the birds and what happens after they are released. com) and a Google AdWords advertisement, along with professionally designed marketing materials for purchase,” Kouri says. Be Creative Gold level is $36 per year and includes Greenough offers the wedding couples a free membership to their Yahoo Forum. the opportunity to come to her home and practice handling the birds. “I first hand them Give Options the bird, showing them how to hold them a When first researching this article, I few times and let them release the bird.” initially thought that weddings would be the She then gives them the opportunity to occasion that most often uses dove releases. reach into the basket and practice retriev- “Our most requested releases are for ing them properly. For a couple that wasn’t funerals and memorials and then weddings,” from the area, she met them in a parking lot Meyers says. “The number one choice at Boast Beautiful Release Boxes to practice. At funerals and memorials, she a funeral is the Trinity Release.” Meyers’ Part of growing a business is being pro- simply hands the birds to the participants. As company brings a flock of three birds, with fessional. The beautiful white birds should an added touch of creativity, all of her clients a fourth being set free moments later. The not be coming out of a plastic carrier that get a thank you card with real feathers from symbolism illustrates the soul joining with you transport a cat in. White wood or wicker her birds as an additional remembrance. God and ascending to heaven. release baskets and boxes are ornamental At a wedding the popular choice is two and professional. Smaller heart-shaped Provide Great Service birds released by the couple with a flock set boxes that hold two birds for weddings go “As a white dove release professional, free to celebrate the joining of the couple. for around $50. The box design and color you will be invited to attend a private per- This symbolic gesture represents two lives will certainly affect the setting’s mood, so sonal landmark family events,” Meyers says, getting together and sharing a life journey as plan accordingly. “such as an anniversary, reunion, graduation, one. For those wanting to branch out, open wedding, baptism, or funeral.” your services to all outdoor events. In addition Get Organized Experienced dove handlers realize this to weddings and memorials, dove releases are In addition to having the birds well is not just about letting birds fly. the perfect event for family reunions, store trained (the ability to home and remain calm “To some,” Meyers says, “this is a call- openings, renewal of vows, graduations, and when handled), the business aspect must also ing or even a ministry. We do this because even divorce parties. Locally, a couple had the be organized. Include songs, poems, sayings, we love sharing our birds with people and birds released at their wedding. Six months and idioms as part of your service. Show up seeing how it touches their lives.” later, the woman had a divorce party in which wearing appropriate attire and keep detailed “In an effort to give back to the commu- she rehired the dove release company. The records of booked events, fees, and organiza- nity throughout the year, many dove releases next day, the man had his own divorce party tions that you donate your services to. are donating to fundraisers such as Cancer and released his own set of birds.

Pigeons e-edition www.countrysidenetwork.com 37 “ Budapest pigeons, with their comical eyes, were developed around 1907. “

38 Backyard Poultry