Graphic Design BTEC Extended Diploma in Art & Design Typography A basic introduction Typography the art or process of setting and arranging types and printing from them. Aims

• To identify the contemporary definition of typography – Definition of typography – Analyse terminology • To investigate the history of typography – Discussion and analysis of influential typographers • Relation to assignment: Task 1 – research and investigation Definition

1. the art or process of setting and arranging types and printing from them. 2. the style and appearance of printed matter. Oxford English Dictionary anatomy Identifying correct terminology Typography Terminology

ascender line x-line (mean line)

T x y b baseline descender line

Ascender line Descender line Baseline X-line Kerni n g Typeface Anatomy head Standard ascender terminal eye apex Typeface foot serif beak shoulder descender bowl hairline Anatomy

cross bar tail counter spur Typeface Variations

Serif (tail) Sans serif (no tail) Script A A a Brush Script MT

Baskerville Old Face Harlow Solid Italic Bodoni MT MT Freestyle Goudy Old Style Calibri French Script MT Times New Roman Arial

Comic Sans MS The history of typography Influential typographers William Morris 1834 - 1896

“It was the essence of my undertaking to produce books which it would be a pleasure to look upon as pieces of printing and arrangement of type.”

• Inspired by Emery Walker • Kelmscott Press 1872 - 1944

"Fortunately for me there was no-one to teach me for nobody knew anything about my subject."

Calligrapher

Johnston Sans Serif Headline ITC Johnston Commissioned by Frank Peck Johnston Sans Serif, 1916 1916 1882 - 1940

Sculptor Typographer Writer

Fonts he designed: 1925 Perpetua for the Monotype Corporation 1928 Gill Sans 1931 Joanna Then: The Crucifixion, 1931 GILL SANS 1928 - 1930

GILL SANS MT

GILL SANS MT CONDENSED

GILL SANS MT CONDENSED AND BOLD

GILL SANS ULTRA BOLD

GILL SANS ULTRA BOLD CONDENSED

Herbert Bayer ‘Like modern machines, architecture and the cinema, so too must type be an expression of our exact times.’ Director of advertising and printing

Rejected historical forms and individual ‘old-style and fancy types’

Designed the sans serif , universal

Used colour and different weights of 1928 font to emphasise important text Commissioned by Walter Gropius, 1925 a modern approach to Bayer’s typographical themes. Note the simplicity of the strokes and the novel styling

based on Bayer’s type design for posters advertising a 1923 Bauhaus exhibition.

based on universal, but with a rustic look as if it were actually printed during the 20s and recovered in the 90s.

Victory Type’s most accurate reproduction of Bayer’s classic font to date. Presently in development. Comparison of Bauhaus Werkstatte signage in Dessau and Victory Type’s Bayer Sans László Moholy-Nagy

Painter sculptor photographer film-maker industrial designer typographer

Typophoto

Style: – Clear – Legible – Asymmetric

Typophoto

The large Railway Resources http://abc.planet-typography.com http://www.type.nu/bayer http://www.identifont.com http://www.graphicdesign.com http://www.ejf.org.uk http://www.fontcraft.com