DOCSLIB.ORG

Application of Multivariate Statistical Analysis in Evaluation of Surface River Water Quality of a Tropical River

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Application of Multivariate Statistical Analysis in Evaluation of Surface River Water Quality of a Tropical River Hindawi Journal of Chemistry Volume 2017, Article ID 5737452, 13 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/5737452 Research Article Application of Multivariate Statistical Analysis in Evaluation of Surface River Water Quality of a Tropical River Teck-Yee Ling,1 Chen-Lin Soo,1 Jing-Jing Liew,1 Lee Nyanti,2 Siong-Fong Sim,1 and Jongkar Grinang3 1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia 2Department of Aquatic Science, Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia 3Institute of Biodiversity and Environmental Conservation, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia Correspondence should be addressed to Teck-Yee Ling; [email protected] Received 18 November 2016; Accepted 26 December 2016; Published 19 January 2017 Academic Editor: Athanasios Katsoyiannis Copyright © 2017 Teck-Yee Ling et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The present study evaluated the spatial variations of surface water quality in a tropical river using multivariate statistical techniques, including cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA). Twenty physicochemical parameters were measured at 30 stations along the Batang Baram and its tributaries. The water quality of the Batang Baram was categorized as “slightly polluted” where the chemical oxygen demand and total suspended solids were the most deteriorated parameters. The CA grouped the 30 stations into four clusters which shared similar characteristics within the same cluster, representing the upstream, middle, and downstream regions of the main river and the tributaries from the middle to downstream regions of the river. The PCA has determined a reduced number of six principal components that explained 83.6% of the data set variance. The first PC indicated that the total suspended solids, turbidity, and hydrogen sulphide were the dominant polluting factors which is attributed to the logging activities, followed by the five-day biochemical oxygen demand, total phosphorus, organic nitrogen, and nitrate-nitrogen in the second PC which are related to the discharges from domestic wastewater. The components also imply that logging activities are the major anthropogenic activities responsible for water quality variations in the Batang Baram when compared to the domestic wastewater discharge. 1. Introduction logged forest was then converted to commercial oil palm and acacia plantations [1]. The Batang Baram (“batang” denotes big river) (coordinates: ∘ ∘ Although development continues to grow in this area, 4 35 5.28 N and 113 58 44.256 E)islocatedonthenorthern the study on the water quality of the river is relatively scarce part of Sarawak where it flows 400 km westwards, mostly despite the river serving as an important source for drinking through primary and secondary forest to the South China water for the rural community. The discharges of domestic Sea. The river is the second longest river in Sarawak and the sewage and agricultural runoff can lead to eutrophication [2– third longest river in Malaysia. The Baram area was once a 4] while deforestation can cause sedimentation and nutrient pristine area but it has undergone profound changes associ- enrichment in the river [5–8]. In the year 1995, sampling was ated with the population growth and development. Increasing conducted in the uppermost catchment of the Baram River residential area, numerous longhouses, and swidden agricul- basin. The study revealed that the overall water quality of the ture are found along the river. Commercial logging has also river was relatively good at that time but was subjected to high been carried out actively in the area for decades where the suspended solids which came from soil erosions due to land 2 Journal of Chemistry Downstream region of Batang Baram St 26 N St 25 St 30 South China Sea Sabah St 24 St 29 St 27 Peninsular St 28 St 23 Malaysia St 21 St 22 Sarawak St 20 St 18 St 19 St 17 St 16 St 15 St 14 St 13 2 km St 2 St 1 St 3 Upstream region of Batang Baram St 12 St 11 St 4 St 5 St 8 St 6 St 7 St 10 St 9 Sampling station Figure 1: The study area in Sarawak state and location of the 30 sampling stations along the Batang Baram and its tributaries in the present study. clearing and timber harvesting [9]. The author also pointed whole study area was subjected to logging activities. Numer- out that elevated ammonia was found near to the domestic ous longhouses and plantation activities were included in and animal waste discharges. Table 1. In situ parameters including temperature, pH, Water quality assessment and monitoring on large river conductivity, oxygen saturation (DOsat), dissolved oxygen basin like the Batang Baram potentially generate a large (DO), and turbidity were measured using a multiparameter data set. Numerous studies have shown that multivariate water quality sonde (YSI6920 V2-2). Transparency, depth, statistical analysis is useful for the assessment of the spatial and flow velocity were measured using a Secchi disc with water quality variations in a river [10–16]. Cluster analysis a measuring tape, a depth sounder (PS-7, Hondex), and a could reveal similarities among the large number of sampling stream flow meter (Geopacks), respectively. Total discharge, stations in a river while principal component analysis assists mean velocity, and mean depth were calculated according in identifying important factors accounting for most of the to [17]. The water samples were taken for the analyses of variances in water quality of a river. Hence, the aim of the chlorophyll a (chl a), total suspended solids (TSS), five- present study was to apply the multivariate statistical analysis day biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5), chemical oxygen in the interpretation of the physicochemical characteristics demand (COD), total phosphorus (TP), total ammonia − of the Batang Baram and its tributaries. The analysis output nitrogen (TAN), nitrite-nitrogen (NO2 -N), nitrate-nitrogen − would provide valuable information for the decision making (NO3 -N), organic nitrogen (Org-N), and total sulphide in the river basin management. (TS). All sampling bottles were acid-washed, cleaned, and dried before use. Analyses of chl a, TSS, and BOD5 began in − − thefieldimmediatelyaftersamplingwhileNO2 -N, NO3 -N, 2. Materials and Methods and TS analyses were completed in the field after sampling. Water samples were acidified to pH < 2 for COD, TP, TAN, 2.1. Field Collection. In situ and ex situ parameters were and Org-N analyses. The samples were placed in an ice box collected at 30 sampling stations located along the Batang and transported to the laboratory for further analysis [18]. Baram and its tributaries covering a distance of approximately of 172 km (Figure 1). Table 1 shows the details of the samplings from upstream to downstream directions that were carried 2.2. Laboratory Analysis. All the analyses were conducted out in the year 2015. The water level of river was high according to the standard methods [16, 17]. Chl was during samplings due to the rain before each sampling. The determined from samples filtered through a 0.7 mglass Journal of Chemistry 3 Table 1: The details of the sampling regime and sampling locations surveyed in the present study. Sampling Station Location Remark Batang Baram St 1 ∘ ∘ LioMatolonghouse N0310 10.8 E 115 11 47.6 Sungai Selungo St 2 ∘ ∘ N0310 15.0 E 115 11 46.7 Batang Baram St 3 ∘ ∘ Long Tungan longhouse N0309 34.0 E 115 10 51.0 Sungai Temendan St 4 ∘ ∘ N0307 16.7 E 115 09 15.2 Batang Baram St 5 ∘ ∘ 29-30 July 2015 N0307 21.8 E 115 09 10.5 Batang Baram Long Semiyang St 6 ∘ ∘ N0306 54.0 E 115 07 21.8 longhouse Sungai Sebatu St 7 ∘ ∘ N0305 50.6 E 115 05 46.3 Sungai Sela’an St 8 ∘ ∘ N0305 50.5 E 115 04 52.7 Sungai Moh St 9 ∘ ∘ N0302 34.1 E 115 04 35.9 Batang Baram Long Moh longhouse St 10 ∘ ∘ N0303 37.5 E 115 03 23.3 Replantation Batang Baram St 11 ∘ ∘ Long Apu longhouse N0308 23.6 E11448 52.7 Sungai Lasa St 12 ∘ ∘ Residential area N0308 40.8 E11448 49.2 Sungai Menuang St 13 ∘ ∘ N0316 19.1 E11449 22.4 Batang Baram St 14 ∘ ∘ N0316 56.6 E11447 53.1 Batang Baram St 15 ∘ ∘ Long San longhouse 3-4 September 2015 N0317 49.6 E11447 08.1 Sungai Akah St 16 ∘ ∘ Residential area N0319 11.3 E11447 32.7 Sungai Keluang St 17 ∘ ∘ N0319 58.6 E11442 21.8 Batang Baram St 18 ∘ ∘ Long Sangah longhouse N0321 19.0 E11441 31.5 Batang Baram St 19 ∘ ∘ Long Naha’a longhouse N0319 50.8 E114 35 43.1 Sungai Patah St 20 ∘ ∘ N0321 02.9 E114 36 22.3 Sungai Kahah St 21 ∘ ∘ N0323 12.9 E11434 05.7 Batang Baram St 22 ∘ ∘ N0323 08.4 E11433 35.8 Sungai Piping St 23 ∘ ∘ N0324 47.4 E11433 39.0 Batang Baram St 24 ∘ ∘ N0325 45.9 E11433 00.5 Sungai Jertang St 25 ∘ ∘ 21-22 January 2015 N0326 19.3 E114 32 28.3 4 Journal of Chemistry Table 1: Continued. Sampling Station Location Remark Sungai Kesseh St 26 ∘ ∘ Long Kesseh longhouse N0327 26.2 E11430 44.5 Batang Baram St 27 ∘ ∘ Long Kesseh longhouse N0327 11.3 E11430 29.4 Sungai Nakan Long Nakan longhouse St 28 ∘ ∘ N0326 29.6 E114 29 20.6 Oil palm plantation Sungai Liyans St 29 ∘ ∘ N0327 07.8 E11429 15.3 Sungai Kemenyeh St 30 ∘ ∘ N0327 46.7 E11428 29.4 microfibre filter (Whatman GF/F) and extracted for 24h AN, and pH was calculated according to the following using 90% (v/v) acetone.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • JJ Vermeulen
    BASTERIA, 71: 209-220, 2007 Bukit Sarang (Sarawak, Malaysia), an isolatedlimestone hill with an extraordinary snail fauna J.J. Vermeulen Nationaal Herbarium, Leiden Branch, P.O. Box 9514, NL 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands & D.J. Junau Grand Perfect Sdn Bhd, Lot 3469 & 3470, Parkcity Commerce Square, Jin Tun Ahmad Zaidin, 97008 Bintulu,Sarawak, Malaysia Bukit Sarang is an isolated limestone hill in the Tatau River basin, Sarawak, Malaysia (on the 83 26 island of Borneo). Out of the land snail species found, are assumed to be endemic to the hill. of these described this Nine are as new in paper; they belong tothe Assimineidae (Acmella: 3 species), Cyclophoridae (Japonia: 2 species; Opisthoporus: 1 species), Hydrocenidae (Georissa: 1 species), Camaenidae (Amphidromus: 1 species), Charopidae(Teracharopa: 1 species). Key words; Gastropoda, Caenogastropoda, Pulmonata, Assimineidae, Cyclophoridae, Hydrocenidae, Camaenidae, Charopidae, taxonomy, Malaysia, Borneo. INTRODUCTION hills Sarawak of the island of Limestone (karst) are widespread in (Malaysia, part Borneo), but not equally distributed over the state. Extensive karst is found in the West, between and Serian. the scattered such those Mulu Bau In East, areas occur, as in Gunung NationalPark, Niah Caves National Park, and in the Baram River headwaters. In between East and West Sarawak karst areas are few and far apart. They are restricted to the Tatau River basin: Bukit Sarang downstream, the Ulu Kakus range upstream. Both limestone isolated: the distance between the is about60 the outcrops are extremely two outcrops km, nearest limestone ranges to the SW., NE. and SSE. (in adjacent Kalimantan, Indonesia) of Bukit Sarang are about 325 km, 150 km and 210 km away, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • Malaysian Communications and Multimedia Commission
    MALAYSIAN COMMUNICATIONS AND MULTIMEDIA COMMISSION INVITATION TO REGISTER INTEREST AND SUBMIT A DRAFT UNIVERSAL SERVICE PLAN AS A UNIVERSAL SERVICE PROVIDER UNDER THE COMMUNICATIONS AND MULTIMEDIA (UNIVERSAL SERVICE PROVISION) REGULATIONS 2002 FOR THE INSTALLATION OF NETWORK FACILITIES AND DEPLOYMENT OF NETWORK SERVICE FOR THE PROVISIONING OF PUBLIC CELLULAR SERVICES AT THE UNIVERSAL SERVICE TARGETS UNDER THE JALINAN DIGITAL NEGARA (JENDELA) PHASE 1 INITIATIVE Ref: MCMC/USPD/PDUD(01)/JENDELA_P1/TC/11/2020(05) Date: 20 November 2020 Invitation to Register Interest as a Universal Service Provider MCMC/USPD/PDUD(01)/JENDELA_P1/TC/11/2020(05) Page 1 of 142 TABLE OF CONTENTS ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................................................................. 4 INTERPRETATION ........................................................................................................................... 5 SECTION I – INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................ 8 1. BACKGROUND ......................................................................................................................... 8 SECTION II – DESCRIPTION OF SCOPE OF WORK .............................................................. 10 2. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE FACILITIES AND SERVICES TO BE PROVIDED ....................................................................................................................................... 10 3. SCOPE OF
    [Show full text]
  • A Journey up the Baram River to Mount Dulit and the Highlands of Borneo Author(S): Charles Hose Source: the Geographical Journal, Vol
    A Journey up the Baram River to Mount Dulit and the Highlands of Borneo Author(s): Charles Hose Source: The Geographical Journal, Vol. 1, No. 3 (Mar., 1893), pp. 193-206 Published by: The Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers) Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1773815 . Accessed: 17/01/2015 09:40 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. The Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers) is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to The Geographical Journal. http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 128.235.251.160 on Sat, 17 Jan 2015 09:40:26 AM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions , . , . .. .. ... , . The GeographicalJournal. No. 3. MARCH,189 o. VOL. I. A JOURNEYUP THE BARAMRIVER TO MOUNTDULIT AND THE HIGHLANDSOF BORNEO. By CHARLES HOSE, Resident of the Baram District, Sarawak, Borneo.* Hts Highness the Rajah of Sarawak llaving,^ccyle1aunicated to me the wish of the Royal GeobraphicalSociety for some accountof my journey to the head-watersof the Baram and TinjarRivers, I have pleasurein complyingwith the request. It maynot be amiss to remind earena geographicalaudience that Sarawakis a State situatedon the north-westof Borneo,ruled over by an English Rajah,Sir CharlesJohnson Brooke,G.C.M.G., nephew of the original Rajall Brooke,whose careel must be knorn to most of yotl.
    [Show full text]
  • A Case Study of the Baram River Basin, Sarawak, Malaysia
    Shirley & Kammen – Kampung Clean Energy Capacity August 20, 2013 RURAL SUSTAINABLE ENERGY SUPPLY POTENTIAL: A CASE STUDY OF THE BARAM RIVER BASIN, SARAWAK, MALAYSIA Prepared by Rebekah Shirley and Daniel M. Kammen Renewable and Appropriate Energy Laboratory http://rael.berkeley.edu University of California, Berkeley September, 2013 1 Shirley & Kammen – Kampung Clean Energy Capacity August 20, 2013 ABSTRACT In this report, we document the potential for renewable energy resource supply and electricity generation in village communities in Sarawak, Malaysia. This research exercise was done in collaboration with the Sabah-based NGO Land, Empowerment, Animals and People (LEAP), Sabah- based Friends of Village Development or Tonibung and Oregon based NGO Green Empowerment. These groups are currently engaged in rural development and expanding rural energy access in East Malaysia. There are over 600 rural villages (more than 50km from an urban center) in the state of Sarawak. Amongst other issues including the formalization of native customary lands, logging and palm oil concession infringement and urban migration, the common lack of affordable and reliable energy access poses a barrier to development in many villages. A majority of rural villages in East Malaysia are not grid connected and rely heavily on diesel fuel for all electricity and transportation needs. Tonibung and Green Empowerment have been installing micro-hydro systems in Malaysia for over a decade. They have already installed micro-hydro plants in a number of Sarawakian villages including Long Lawen1 and have plans for multiple installations in Baram River villages and the Kelabit Highlands. The results of our current assessment show that Sarawak’s rural economy could benefit greatly from a higher penetration of such renewable energy projects.
    [Show full text]
  • Scanned Document
    Malayan Nature Journal 2006, 59(2), 165 - 187 Small Mammal Survey at Two Sites in Planted Forest Zone, Bintulu, Sarawak DON E. WILSON1, KRISTOFER M.HELGEN1, CHIN SING YUN2 and BELDEN GIMAN2 Abstract: A survey for small mammals was done at two sites within the Forest Department of Sarawak's Planted Forests Project in the Bintulu Division. Sampling was carried out in Bukit Sarang, a flooded swamp forest, and in Samarakan forest, an area of mixed 6-7 year old Acacia mangium blocks interspersed with remnants of disturbed logged forest. A total of twenty-two chiropteran species was recorded from these sites, including the first confirmed Sarawak records of Hipposideros bicolor and Myotis montivagus, and two bat species possibly new to science. In addition, sixteen species of small mammals were recorded at both sites. A short taxonomic discussion including the regional significance is given for each species collected. The annotated checklist from these two areas revealed that certain mammal species do survive within Acacia plantings, while mammal species richness was high in designated conservation zones such as Bukit Sarang. Keywords. Bats, Small Mammals, Bukit Sarang, Acacia mangium. Planted Forest Zone Bintulu, Sarawak. INTRODUCTION During the late 1990s, the Sarawak State government began a major initiative to enhance the supply of industrial wood in its Planted Forests (Pulp and Paper) Project, and employed Grand Perfect Sdn Bhd as its principal contractor. The Planted Forest Zone (PFZ), located in the Bintulu Division, covers approximately 490,000 ha. Of this total, approximately 45% will be planted with the fast growing tree, Acacia mangium, while 30-35% has been set aside as conservation areas, either as large blocks (20,000-25,000 ha) or smaller forested riverine buffers or forest remnants within the acacia blocks.
    [Show full text]
  • NO CONSENT to PROCEED : Indigenous Peoples’ Rights Violations at the Proposed Baram Dam in Sarawak
    A Fact-Finding Mission Report NO CONSENT TO PROCEED : Indigenous Peoples’ Rights Violations At The Proposed Baram Dam In Sarawak Written by: Tanya Lee, Thomas Jalong & Wong Meng-Chuo Endorsed by: Jaringan Orang Asal SeMalaysia (JOAS), Suara Rakyat Malaysia (SUARAM), Asia Indigenous Peoples Pact (AIPP), Asian Forum Sarawak, Malaysia August 2014 for Human Rights and Development (FORUM-ASIA), Bruno Manser Fund & International Rivers NO CONSENT TO PROCEED: INDIGENOUS PEOPLES’ RIGHTS VIOLATIONS AT THE PROPOSED BARAM DAM IN SARAWAK A Fact-Finding Mission Report Written by Tanya Lee, Thomas Jalong & Wong Meng-Chuo Copyright: Save Sarawak Rivers Network (SAVE Rivers) Published in August 2014 by: Save Sarawak Rivers Network (SAVE Rivers) Jaringan Selamatkan Sungai-Sungai Sarawak Lot 1046, 2nd Floor, Shang Garden Shoplots, Jalan Bulan Sabit, 98000 Miri, Sarawak, Malaysia Tel: 085-423044 Fax: 085-438580 Email: [email protected] Endorsed by: Jaringan Orang Asal SeMalaysia (JOAS), Suara Rakyat Malaysia (SUARAM), Asia Indigenous Peoples Pact (AIPP), Asian Forum for Human Rights and Development (FORUM-ASIA), Bruno Manser Fund & International Rivers Front Cover Photo Credit: Bruno Manser Fund Table of Contents • Dam-Building and Indigenous Peoples’ Rights Violations in Sarawak, Malaysia ...................... 4 • Key Findings: Widespread Violation of Internationally Accepted Human Rights ..................... 7 • Violations of Indigenous Peoples’ Rights Revealed by the Fact-Finding Mission ..................... 8 I. Denial of Right to Information and Lack of Transparency ...................................................... 8 II. Denial of the right to free, prior and informed consent ........................................................ 9 III. Violation of Right to Participate in Decision-Making through Representatives .................... 11 of Own Choosing IV. Extinguishment of Customary Land Rights and Violation of the Right to Livelihood ............
    [Show full text]
  • An Undescribed Gecko (Gekkonidae: Cyrtodactylus) from Deer Cave, Gunung Mulu National Park, Sarawak, with Comments on the Distribution of Bornean Cave Geckos Donald A
    Claremont Colleges Scholarship @ Claremont WM Keck Science Faculty Papers W.M. Keck Science Department 1-1-2009 An Undescribed Gecko (Gekkonidae: Cyrtodactylus) from Deer Cave, Gunung Mulu National Park, Sarawak, with Comments on the Distribution of Bornean Cave Geckos Donald A. McFarlane Claremont McKenna College; Pitzer College; Scripps College Joyce Lundberg Carleton University Keith Christenson Recommended Citation McFarlane, D. A., Lundberg, J. and Christenson, K. (2009). "An undescribed gecko (Gekkonidae: Cyrtodactylus) from Deer Cave,Gunung Mulu National Park, Sarawak, with comments on the distribution of Bornean cave geckos." Herpetological Bulletin 110: 33-35. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the W.M. Keck Science Department at Scholarship @ Claremont. It has been accepted for inclusion in WM Keck Science Faculty Papers by an authorized administrator of Scholarship @ Claremont. For more information, please contact [email protected]. An undescribed gecko (Gekkonidae: Cyrtodactylus) from Deer Cave, Gunung Mulu National Park, Sarawak, with comments on the distribution of Bornean cave geckos DONALD A. MCFARLANE1,3, JOYCE LUNDBERG2 and KEITH CHRISTENSON1 1 Wm. Keck Science Center, Scripps College, 925 North Mills Avenue, Claremont, CA 91711 USA. 2 Department of Geography and Environmental Studies, Carleton University, Ottawa, K1S 5B6, Canada. 3 Corresponding author: [email protected] ECKOS of the genus Cyrtodactylus are a Mulu, and are preparing a formal description. Gspeciose group in Southeast Asia, with at In July 2008, a gecko was observed and least nine species known from the island of Borneo photographed in the dark zone of a high-level (Das & Ismail, 2001; Das, 2006).
    [Show full text]
  • South China Sea
    (MPCBM*OUFSOBUJPOBM 8BUFST"TTFTTNFOU 4PVUI$IJOB4FB (*8"3FHJPOBMBTTFTTNFOU 8JMLJOTPO $ %F7BOUJFS - 5BMBVF.D.BOVT -BOE%-BXSFODF Global International Waters Assessment Regional assessments Other reports in this series: Caribbean Sea/Small Islands – GIWA Regional assessment 3a Caribbean Islands – GIWA Regional assessment 4 Barents Sea – GIWA Regional assessment 11 Baltic Sea – GIWA Regional assessment 17 Caspian Sea – GIWA Regional assessment 23 Gulf of California/Colorado River Basin – GIWA Regional assessment 27 Patagonian Shelf – GIWA Regional assessment 38 Brazil Current – GIWA Regional assessment 39 Amazon Basin – GIWA Regional assessment 40b Guinea Current – GIWA Regional assessment 42 Lake Chad Basin – GIWA Regional assessment 43 Indian Ocean Islands – GIWA Regional assessment 45b East African Rift Valley Lakes – GIWA Regional assessment 47 Indonesian Seas – GIWA Regional assessment 57 Pacifi c Islands – GIWA Regional assessment 62 Global International Waters Assessment Regional assessment 54 South China Sea GIWA report production Series editor: Ulla Li Zweifel Editorial assistance: Johanna Egerup, Monique Stolte Maps & GIS: Rasmus Göransson Design & graphics: Joakim Palmqvist Global International Waters Assessment South China Sea, GIWA Regional assessment 54 Published by the University of Kalmar on behalf of United Nations Environment Programme © 2005 United Nations Environment Programme ISSN 1651-940X University of Kalmar SE-391 82 Kalmar Sweden United Nations Environment Programme PO Box 30552, Nairobi, Kenya This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or non-profi t purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purpose whatsoever without prior permission in writing from the United Nations Environment Programme.
    [Show full text]
  • Rights, Rivers and Renewables Lessons from Hydropower Conflict In
    Utilities Policy 55 (2018) 189–199 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Utilities Policy journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jup Rights, rivers and renewables: Lessons from hydropower conflict in Borneo T on the role of cultural politics in energy planning for Small Island Developing States ∗ Rebekah G. Shirleya, , Jettie Wordb a Renewable and Appropriate Energy Laboratory, University of California, Berkeley, USA b The Borneo Project, Berkeley, CA, USA 1. Introduction accepted ideals turn in to practice. There has generally been a failure to meaningfully engage with customary law and the implementation of 1.1. The intersection between indigenous rights and Small Island Developing culturally inclusive planning policy (Techera, 2010). Given the growing States (SIDS) number of large-scale energy projects being developed in SIDS, the magnitude of their potential impacts, and how directly cultural dy- The special role of Small Island Developing States (SIDS) in global namics can affect decision-making processes in such spaces, it is critical environmental protection and the universal importance of their fragile to advance discussion of the role of cultural politics in energy planning ecosystems was solidified in the Declaration of Barbados andthe for SIDS. Barbados Program of Action (BPOA, 1994). Indigenous peoples have In this paper we deconstruct the case of an energy mega-project in also obtained a greater voice at the international level in the past two Borneo - an island in the Pacific shared by three sovereign countries, decades, with the Decade of the World's Indigenous People from 1995 and home to some of the last remaining primary forest of Southeast and the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples Asia.
    [Show full text]
  • Print This Article
    Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol. 8 No. 1 April 2021: 119-130 INDONESIAN JOURNAL ON GEOSCIENCE Geological Agency Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources Journal homepage: hp://ijog.geologi.esdm.go.id ISSN 2355-9314, e-ISSN 2355-9306 Geomorphological and Sedimentological Features of River Sadong, Sarawak, Malaysia Omolayo Ajoke Omorinoye1,2, Zaini Bin Assim1, and Ismail Bin Jusoh1 1Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia 2Department of Geology and Mineral Sciences, Faculty of Physical Sciences, University of Ilorin, P.M.B. 1515, Ilorin, Nigeria Corresponding author: [email protected] Manuscript received: September, 28, 2018; revised: July, 19, 2019; approved: June, 15, 2020; available online: March, 29, 2021 Abstract - The effect of topography, climate, soil, and geology on River Sadong sediments is related to its geochem- istry. Eighteen surface sediments and five core samples were collected in replicates from six sampling sites along River Sadong, Sarawak, Malaysia. The main aim of this study is to describe the geomorphology and sedimentological characteristics of the river sediments. This was achieved by the study of the processes that form the sediments and influence their physical and chemical characteristics. The sediments were analyzed for their sedimentological char- acteristics. The results indicated that the studied area is enriched with organic matter, and there are no sedimentary structures in its vicinity. Keywords: geochemistry, geology, geomorphology, River Sadong, sedimentological characteristics, topography © IJOG - 2021 How to cite this article: Omorinoye, O. A., Assim, Z., and Jusoh, I., 2021. Geomorphological and Sedimentological Features of River Sa- dong, Sarawak, Malaysia. Indonesian Journal on Geoscience, 8 (1), p.119-130.
    [Show full text]
  • Malaria in Sarawak and Brunei* Julian De Zulueta, M.D., D.T.M
    Bull. Org. mond. Sante l 15, Bull. Wid Hith Org. 1956, 651-671 MALARIA IN SARAWAK AND BRUNEI* JULIAN DE ZULUETA, M.D., D.T.M. & H. Medical Officer, World Health Organization Sarawak Malaria Pilot Project, Marudi (Baram), Sarawak SYNOPSIS A general malaria survey of Sarawak and Brunei, two of the territories of British Borneo, is described. Contrary to what was expected in view of the climate and the general conditions, the prevalence of malaria in Sarawak and Brunei proved, on the average, to be low. The coastal areas were found to be practically free from the disease, although epidemics have occurred there in recent years. Malaria was found to be endemic in the hilly and mountainous interior. In fact, topography proved to be an important factor in malaria prevalence, the spleen- and parasite-rates, generally speak- ing, being higher the more abrupt the country. Differences were also observed in the prevalence among the various racial groups, but these were considered to be due to different habits and customs rather than to race itself. Entomological studies showed that Anopheles leucosphyrus Donitz was the main malaria vector in the interior of Sarawak, A. barbirostris playing a secondary role. A. leucosphyrus balabacensis had already been reccgnized as the malaria vector in Brunei. The favourable results of a first field trial of residual insecticides are mentioned and plans for a nation-wide malaria-control pro- gramme are briefly outlined. The present paper summarizes the results of a general malaria survey of Sarawak and the neighbouring State of Brunei, two British territories on the north-west coast of the Island of Borneo.
    [Show full text]
  • The Diary of a District Officer: Alastair Morrison's 1953 Trip to the Kelabit Highlands Matthew H
    Anthropology Faculty Publications Anthropology 2005 The Diary of a District Officer: Alastair Morrison's 1953 Trip to the Kelabit Highlands Matthew H. Amster Gettysburg College Follow this and additional works at: https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/anthfac Part of the Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons Share feedback about the accessibility of this item. Amster, Matthew. 2005. The Diary of a District Officer: Alastair Morrison’s 1953 Trip to the Kelabit Highlands. Borneo Research Bulletin 36: 91-107. This is the publisher's version of the work. This publication appears in Gettysburg College's institutional repository by permission of the copyright for personal use, not redistribution. Cupola permanent link: https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/anthfac/18 This open access article is brought to you by The uC pola: Scholarship at Gettysburg College. It has been accepted for inclusion by an authorized administrator of The uC pola. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Diary of a District Officer: Alastair Morrison's 1953 Trip to the Kelabit Highlands Abstract In 1953, Alastair Morrison, then acting District Officer for the Bara, traveled to the Kelabit Highlands along with his wife, photographer Hedda Morrison, and ever changing entourage of 'coolie" porters and guides. This journey was part of his regular responsibilities as a District Officer. During such tours, Morrison surveyed longhouse communities and collected information about the local population and spoke to people about government policies, school fees, taxes, the registering of guns, and often sought to resolve local disputes. Such journeys were summarized in formal reports. However, Morrison also kept travel notebooks, which he later used to write his memoir, which summarized the highlights of his life in Sarawak (Morrison 1993).
    [Show full text]