Europe and the World in the Face of the Holocaust
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Die Deutsche Ordnungspoli2ei Und Der Holocaust Im Baltikum Und in Weissrussland 1941-1944
WOLFGANG CURILLA DIE DEUTSCHE ORDNUNGSPOLI2EI UND DER HOLOCAUST IM BALTIKUM UND IN WEISSRUSSLAND 1941-1944 2., durchgesehene Auflage FERDINAND SCHONINGH Paderborn • Munchen • Wien • Zurich INHALTSVERZEICHNIS Vorwort 11 Einleitung 13 ERSTER TEIL: GRUNDLAGEN UND VORAUSSETZUNGEN .... 23 1. Entrechtung der Juden 25 2. Ordnungspolizei 49 3. Die Vorbereitung des Angriffs auf die Sowjetunion 61 4. Der Auftrag an die Einsatzgruppen 86 ZWEITER TEIL: DIE TATEN 125 ERSTER ABSCHNITT: SCHWERPUNKT BALTIKUM 127 5. Staatliche Polizeidirektion Memel und Kommando der Schutzpolizei Memel 136 6. Reserve-Polizeibataillon 11 150 7. Reserve-Polizeibataillon 65 182 8. Schutzpolizei-Dienstabteilung Libau 191 9. Polizeibataillon 105 200 10. Reserve-Polizei-Kompanie z.b.V. Riga 204 11. Kommandeur der Schutzpolizei Riga 214 12. Reserve-Polizeibataillon 22 244 13. Andere Polizeibataillone 262 I. Polizeibataillon 319 262 II. Polizeibataillon 321 263 III. Reserve-Polizeibataillon 53 264 ZWEITER ABSCHNITT: RESERVE-POLIZEIBATAILLONE 9 UND 3 - SCHWERPUNKT BALTIKUM 268 14. Einsatzgruppe A/BdS Ostland 274 15. Einsatzkommando 2/KdS Lettland 286 16. Einsatzkommando 3/KdS Litauen 305 DRITTER ABSCHNITT: SCHUTZPOLIZEI, GENDARMERIE UND KOMMANDOSTELLEN 331 17. Schutzpolizei 331 18. Polizeikommando Waldenburg 342 g Inhaltsverzeichnis 19. Gendarmerie 349 20. Befehlshaber der Ordnungspolizei Ostland 389 21. Kommandeur der Ordnungspolizei Lettland 392 22. Kommandeur der Ordnungspolizei Weifiruthenien 398 VLERTER ABSCHNITT: RESERVE-POLIZEIBATAILLONE 9 UND 3 - SCHWERPUNKT WEISSRUSSLAND 403 23. Einsatzkommando 9 410 24. Einsatzkommando 8 426 25. Einsatzgruppe B 461 26. KdS WeiSruthenien/BdS Rufiland-Mitte und Weifiruthenien 476 F0NFTER ABSCHNITT: SCHWERPUNKT WEISSRUSSLAND 503 27. Polizeibataillon 309 508 28. Polizeibataillon 316 527 29. Polizeibataillon 322 545 30. Polizeibataillon 307 569 31. Reserve-Polizeibataillon 13 587 32. Reserve-Polizeibataillon 131 606 33. -
Hannah Garza, Mechelen, Belgium, January 2016
Understanding the Recent Phenomena of Holocaust Remembrance in the Form of National Holocaust Museums and Memorials in Belgium, France, and Germany Hannah Elizabeth Garza Universiteit van Amsterdam Graduate School of Humanities A thesis submitted for the degree of Masters in Holocaust and Genocide Studies Spring 2017 !1 Abstract This thesis will focus on national Holocaust museums and memorials in Europe, in specific regards to the national Holocaust museums of Belgium and France, and the national Holocaust memorial of Germany. This dissertation will begin with a brief overview of the scholars used within each chapter, along with a discussion on the development of national Holocaust museums in Europe in the introduction chapter. Following the introduction, the first chapter will discuss the Kazerne Dossin Memorial Museum in Mechelen, Belgium. Chapter two will then cover the Mémorial de la Shoah in Paris, France. Finally, chapter three will then focus on the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe in conjunction with its underground information center in Berlin, Germany. This thesis will endeavor to explore the themes represented in each museum in relation to German compliance, and the role of the bystanders from each Nation. The goal is to understand how each of these national institutions discussed within the text, portray their involvement in the events of the Holocaust and Second World War by way of State compliance and the actions of their bystanders. Through the initiatives of the museum and memorials published catalogs, personal -
SS-Totenkopfverbände from Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia (Redirected from SS-Totenkopfverbande)
Create account Log in Article Talk Read Edit View history SS-Totenkopfverbände From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from SS-Totenkopfverbande) Navigation Not to be confused with 3rd SS Division Totenkopf, the Waffen-SS fighting unit. Main page This article may require cleanup to meet Wikipedia's quality standards. No cleanup reason Contents has been specified. Please help improve this article if you can. (December 2010) Featured content Current events This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding Random article citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (September 2010) Donate to Wikipedia [2] SS-Totenkopfverbände (SS-TV), rendered in English as "Death's-Head Units" (literally SS-TV meaning "Skull Units"), was the SS organization responsible for administering the Nazi SS-Totenkopfverbände Interaction concentration camps for the Third Reich. Help The SS-TV was an independent unit within the SS with its own ranks and command About Wikipedia structure. It ran the camps throughout Germany, such as Dachau, Bergen-Belsen and Community portal Buchenwald; in Nazi-occupied Europe, it ran Auschwitz in German occupied Poland and Recent changes Mauthausen in Austria as well as numerous other concentration and death camps. The Contact Wikipedia death camps' primary function was genocide and included Treblinka, Bełżec extermination camp and Sobibor. It was responsible for facilitating what was called the Final Solution, Totenkopf (Death's head) collar insignia, 13th Standarte known since as the Holocaust, in collaboration with the Reich Main Security Office[3] and the Toolbox of the SS-Totenkopfverbände SS Economic and Administrative Main Office or WVHA. -
Nazi Concentration Camp Guard Service Equals "Good Moral Character"?: United States V
American University International Law Review Volume 12 | Issue 1 Article 3 1997 Nazi Concentration Camp Guard Service Equals "Good Moral Character"?: United States v. Lindert K. Lesli Ligomer Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/auilr Part of the International Law Commons Recommended Citation Ligorner, K. Lesli. "Nazi Concentration Camp Guard Service Equals "Good Moral Character"?: United States v. Lindert." American University International Law Review 12, no. 1 (1997): 145-193. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Washington College of Law Journals & Law Reviews at Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in American University International Law Review by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. NAZI CONCENTRATION CAMP GUARD SERVICE EQUALS "GOODMORAL CHARACTER"?: UNITED STATES V. LINDERT By K Lesli Ligorner Fetching the newspaper from your porch, you look up and wave at your elderly neighbor across the street. This quiet man emigrated to the United States from Europe in the 1950s. Upon scanning the newspaper, you discover his picture on the front page and a story revealing that he guarded a notorious Nazi concen- tration camp. How would you react if you knew that this neighbor became a natu- ralized citizen in 1962 and that naturalization requires "good moral character"? The systematic persecution and destruction of innocent peoples from 1933 until 1945 remains a dark chapter in the annals of twentieth century history. Though the War Crimes Trials at Nilnberg' occurred over fifty years ago, the search for those who participated in Nazi-sponsored persecution has not ended. -
British Responses to the Holocaust
Centre for Holocaust Education British responses to the Insert graphic here use this to Holocaust scale /size your chosen image. Delete after using. Resources RESOURCES 1: A3 COLOUR CARDS, SINGLE-SIDED SOURCE A: March 1939 © The Wiener Library Wiener The © AT FIRST SIGHT… Take a couple of minutes to look at the photograph. What can you see? You might want to think about: 1. Where was the photograph taken? Which country? 2. Who are the people in the photograph? What is their relationship to each other? 3. What is happening in the photograph? Try to back-up your ideas with some evidence from the photograph. Think about how you might answer ‘how can you tell?’ every time you make a statement from the image. SOURCE B: September 1939 ‘We and France are today, in fulfilment of our obligations, going to the aid of Poland, who is so bravely resisting this wicked and unprovoked attack on her people.’ © BBC Archives BBC © AT FIRST SIGHT… Take a couple of minutes to look at the photograph and the extract from the document. What can you see? You might want to think about: 1. The person speaking is British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain. What is he saying, and why is he saying it at this time? 2. Does this support the belief that Britain declared war on Germany to save Jews from the Holocaust, or does it suggest other war aims? Try to back-up your ideas with some evidence from the photograph. Think about how you might answer ‘how can you tell?’ every time you make a statement from the sources. -
Despite All Odds, They Survived, Persisted — and Thrived Despite All Odds, They Survived, Persisted — and Thrived
The Hidden® Child VOL. XXVII 2019 PUBLISHED BY HIDDEN CHILD FOUNDATION /ADL DESPITE ALL ODDS, THEY SURVIVED, PERSISTED — AND THRIVED DESPITE ALL ODDS, THEY SURVIVED, PERSISTED — AND THRIVED FROM HUNTED ESCAPEE TO FEARFUL REFUGEE: POLAND, 1935-1946 Anna Rabkin hen the mass slaughter of Jews ended, the remnants’ sole desire was to go 3 back to ‘normalcy.’ Children yearned for the return of their parents and their previous family life. For most child survivors, this wasn’t to be. As WEva Fogelman says, “Liberation was not an exhilarating moment. To learn that one is all alone in the world is to move from one nightmarish world to another.” A MISCHLING’S STORY Anna Rabkin writes, “After years of living with fear and deprivation, what did I imagine Maren Friedman peace would bring? Foremost, I hoped it would mean the end of hunger and a return to 9 school. Although I clutched at the hope that our parents would return, the fatalistic per- son I had become knew deep down it was improbable.” Maren Friedman, a mischling who lived openly with her sister and Jewish mother in wartime Germany states, “My father, who had been captured by the Russians and been a prisoner of war in Siberia, MY LIFE returned to Kiel in 1949. I had yearned for his return and had the fantasy that now that Rivka Pardes Bimbaum the war was over and he was home, all would be well. That was not the way it turned out.” Rebecca Birnbaum had both her parents by war’s end. She was able to return to 12 school one month after the liberation of Brussels, and to this day, she considers herself among the luckiest of all hidden children. -
2018 Disseminator Grant
2018 Disseminator Grant: Project Title: Unraveling the Past to Create a Better and Inclusive Future Jacqueline Torres-Quinones, Ed.D [email protected] South Dade Senior High School 7701 ONCE I THOUGHT THAT ANTI-SEMITISM HAD ENDED; TODAY IT IS CLEAR TO ME THAT IT WILL PROBABLY NEVER END. - ELIE WIESEL, JEWISH SURVIVOR For Information concerning ideas with Impact opportunities including Adapter and Disseminator grants, please contact: Debra Alamo, interim Program Manager Ideas with Impact The Education Fund 305-558-4544, Ext 105 Email: [email protected] www.educationfund.org Acknowledgment: First and foremost, the Unraveling the Past to Create a Better and Inclusive Future Grant, has led to the development of a practical and relevant Holocaust unit filled with various lessons that can be chunked and accessible resources for secondary teachers to use. The supportive guidance was provide by Eudelio Ferrer-Gari , a social science guru- [email protected] from Dr. Rolando Espinosa K-8 Center, The Echoes and Reflections, and the Anti-Defamation League Organizations. Within this grant, teachers will be able to acquire knowledge of how to help students understand the Holocaust better and assist them to make critical thinking connective decisions as well of how they can make a positive difference today- when dealing with challenging social and political issues. Resources used throughout the grant: Founded in 2005, Echoes & Reflections is a comprehensive Holocaust education program that delivers professional development and a rich array of resources for teachers to help students make connections to the past, gain relevant insight into human dilemmas and difficult social challenges, and to determine their roles and responsibility in the world around them. -
Gazeta Spring/Summer 2021
Volume 28, No. 2 Gazeta Spring/Summer 2021 Wilhelm Sasnal, First of January (Side), 2021, oil on canvas. Courtesy of the artist and Foksal Gallery Foundation, Warsaw A quarterly publication of the American Association for Polish-Jewish Studies and Taube Foundation for Jewish Life & Culture Editorial & Design: Tressa Berman, Daniel Blokh, Fay Bussgang, Julian Bussgang, Shana Penn, Antony Polonsky, Aleksandra Sajdak, William Zeisel, LaserCom Design, and Taube Center for Jewish Life and Learning CONTENTS Message from Irene Pipes ............................................................................................... 4 Message from Tad Taube and Shana Penn ................................................................... 5 FEATURES Lucy S. Dawidowicz, Diaspora Nationalist and Holocaust Historian ............................ 6 From Captured State to Captive Mind: On the Politics of Mis-Memory Tomasz Tadeusz Koncewicz ................................................................................................ 12 EXHIBITIONS New Legacy Gallery at POLIN Museum of the History of Polish Jews Barbara Kirshenblatt-Gimblett Tamara Sztyma .................................................................................................................... 16 Wilhelm Sasnal: Such a Landscape. Exhibition at POLIN Museum ........................... 20 Sweet Home Sweet. Exhibition at Galicia Jewish Museum Jakub Nowakowski .............................................................................................................. 21 A Grandson’s -
Commemoration of the Anniversary of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising on April 19, 1943 by Gary Tischler
Commemoration of the Anniversary of the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising on April 19, 1943 by Gary Tischler Today is April 19. It is an anniversary, of an event that from start to finish—preceded and was followed by events that exposed once and for all the true outlines of what the Nazis euphemistically called the Final Solution It lasted barely a month, but has proven to be unforgettable in its echoing impact. On April 19, in the city of Warsaw and a place called the Warsaw Ghetto, where thousands of Jews had been herded and separated from the city proper in the aftermath of the German invasion of Poland in 1939, the remaining Jews in the Ghetto, faced with deportation to the “East,’ specifically the extermination camp at Treblinka, rose up and defied the German SS General Jürgen Stroop’s order to cease resistance of any sort. As German troops, including a large number of veteran Waffen SS troops, entered the ghetto on the eve of Passover, the Jewish holiday of freedom. Organized Jewish resistance fighters fought back, and for a month battled German forces, with all the courage of a David fighting an implacable Goliath. In the end, using a limited amount of weapons—some rifles, pistols, Molotov cocktails, grenades-- these fighters staved off the Germans, inflicted numerous casualties, and fought bitterly, with little hope, but outsized courage. Many of the survivors and the historians of this conflict, which ended when Stroop used dynamite and fire to burn out the fighters and the remaining residents, told others that they fought so that they could stand up and resist, to die honorable deaths in the face of certain destruction. -
Holocauststudies 2017 02 Form the Editor.Indd
From the editor This volume contains a selection of articles from Holocaust. Studies and Materials published by the Centre for Holocaust Research during 2014–2016. This is already the fourth English volume intended to familiarise the foreign reader with the newest Polish research on the Holocaust and also introducing unknown documents from Polish archives into scholarly circulation. The previous editions were published in 2008, 2010, and 2013. The several dozen texts in this volume are arranged in an order modelled on the Polish-language version, though it was decided not to include a selection of the reviews printed in our periodical. The irst section, Studies, contains six texts. The article opening this volume is Jan Grabowski’s text that reveals new facts regarding the March 1944 discovery of the bunker where Emanuel Ringelblum, the Oneg Shabbat founder, was hiding. This study sheds new light on the mechanism of tracking down Jews in Warsaw. Grabowski’s analysis of post-war court iles proves that specialised groups of criminal police functionaries played an extremely active role in those efforts. Barbara Engelking’s study, which also regards the Warsaw context, discusses the help provided to about a dozen Jews by a pre-war avowed anti-Semite. It is not a simple and unambiguous case, however, because after the war that Pole was tried for having acted to the detriment of other Jews. Another of our authors, Dariusz Libionka, presents the reactions of the Polish Government in exile, its consulting body, the National Council of Poland, and the Polish press published in London to the struggle waged by the Warsaw ghetto in April and May 1943. -
Between the House of Habsburg and Tito a Look at the Slovenian Past 1861–1980
BETWEEN THE HOUSE OF HABSBURG AND TITO A LOOK AT THE SLOVENIAN PAST 1861–1980 BETWEEN THE HOUSE OF HABSBURG AND TITO A LOOK AT THE SLOVENIAN PAST 1861–1980 EDITORS JURIJ PEROVŠEK AND BOJAN GODEŠA Ljubljana 2016 Between the House of Habsburg and Tito ZALOŽBA INZ Managing editor Aleš Gabrič ZBIRKA VPOGLEDI 14 ISSN 2350-5656 Jurij Perovšek in Bojan Godeša (eds.) BETWEEN THE HOUSE OF HABSBURG AND TITO A LOOK AT THE SLOVENIAN PAST 1861–1980 Technical editor Mojca Šorn Reviewers Božo Repe Žarko Lazarevič English translation: Translat d.o.o. and Studio S.U.R. Design Barbara Bogataj Kokalj Published by Inštitut za novejšo zgodovino/Instute of Contemporaray History Printed by Medium d.o.o. Print run 300 copies The publication of this book was supported by Slovenian Research Agency CIP - Kataložni zapis o publikaciji Narodna in univerzitetna knjižnica, Ljubljana 94(497.4)"1861/1980"(082) BETWEEN the House of Habsburg and Tito : a look at the Slovenian past 1861-1980 / editors Jurij Perovšek and Bojan Godeša ; [English translation Translat and Studio S. U. R.]. - Ljubljana : Inštitut za novejšo zgodovino = Institute of Contemporary History, 2016. - (Zbirka Vpogledi, ISSN 2350-5656 ; 14) ISBN 978-961-6386-72-2 1. Perovšek, Jurij 287630080 ©2016, Inštitut za novejšo zgodovino All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, distributed, hired out, transmitted, published, adapted or used in any other way, including photocopying, printing, recording or storing and publishing in the electronic form without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical reviews and certain other non-commercial uses permitted by copyright law. -
Key Findings Many European Union Governments Are Rehabilitating World War II Collaborators and War Criminals While Minimisin
This first-ever report rating individual European Union countries on how they face up their Holocaust pasts was published on January 25, 2019 to coincide with UN Holocaust Remembrance Day. Researchers from Yale and Grinnell Colleges travelled throughout Europe to conduct the research. Representatives from the European Union of Progressive Judaism (EUPJ) have endorsed their work. Key Findings ● Many European Union governments are rehabilitating World War II collaborators and war criminals while minimising their own guilt in the attempted extermination of Jews. ● Revisionism is worst in new Central European members - Poland, Hungary, Croatia and Lithuania. ● But not all Central Europeans are moving in the wrong direction: two exemplary countries living up to their tragic histories are the Czech Republic and Romania. The Romanian model of appointing an independent commission to study the Holocaust should be duplicated. ● West European countries are not free from infection - Italy, in particular, needs to improve. ● In the west, Austria has made a remarkable turn-around while France stands out for its progress in accepting responsibility for the Vichy collaborationist government. ● Instead of protesting revisionist excesses, Israel supports many of the nationalist and revisionist governments. By William Echikson As the world marks the United Nations Holocaust Remembrance Day on January 27, European governments are rehabilitating World War II collaborators and war criminals while minimising their own guilt in the attempted extermination of Jews. This Holocaust Remembrance Project finds that Hungary, Poland, Croatia, and the Baltics are the worst offenders. Driven by feelings of victimhood and fears of accepting refugees, and often run by nationalist autocratic governments, these countries have received red cards for revisionism.