Summary Environmental Impact Assessment Fuzhou
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SUMMARY ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT FUZHOU ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT PROJECT IN THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC OF CHINA June 2004 CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (as of 14 May 2004) Currency Unit – yuan (CNY) CNY 1.00 = $0.21 $1.00 = CNY 8.27 ABBREVIATIONS ADB – Asian Development Bank BOD – biochemical oxygen demand CODcr – chemical oxygen demand DO – dissolved oxygen EIA – environmental impact assessment EMP – evironmental management plan FMEPB – Fuzhou Municipal Environmental Protection Bureau FMG – Fuzhou Municipal Government FPEPB – Fujian Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau FUMP – Fuzhou Urban Masterplan FUVCDC – Fuzhou Urban Visual Construction and Development Company IA – implementing agency NOx – nitrogen oxides PMO – Project Management Office RP – Resettlement Plan SEIA – Summary Environmental Impact Assessment SS – suspended solids TSP – total suspended particles YLWWTP – Yangli Wastewater Treatment Plant Company WTP – water treatment plant WWTP – wastewater treatment plant Zn – zinc WEIGHTS AND MEASURES dB – decibel ha – hectare kg/d – kilogram per day km – kilometer km2 – square kilometer m2 – square meter mg/kg2 – milligram per kilogram mm – millimeter m/sec – meter per second m3/day – cubic meter per day m3/sec – cubic meter per second mu – area, ha = 15mu, 1 mu=666.7m2 pH – factor of acidity NOTES (i) The fiscal year (FY) of the Government coincides with the calendar year. (ii) In this report, "$" refers to US dollars. CONTENTS Page MAP I. INTRODUCTION 1 II. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 2 A. Component A: Yangli Phase 2 Sewer Networks 2 B. Component B: Lianban Sewer Networks 3 C. Component C: Nantai Island Inland River Rehabilitation 3 D. Component D: Capacity Building 3 III. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT 4 A. Topography and Geology 4 B. Climate and Rainfall 5 C. Hydrology 5 D. Ecological Resources 5 E. Ambient Water Quality and Pollution 6 F. Economic and Social Conditions 8 IV. ALTERNATIVES 9 A. Within-Project and Without-Project 9 B. Alternative Receiving Water Bodies 9 C. Alternatives for Sewer Construction 9 D. Alternatives for Inland River Rehabilitation 9 E. Alternatives for River Sediment and Waste Soil Disposal 10 F. Alternatives for Wastewater Treatment 10 V. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES 11 A. Impacts and Mitigation Measures during the Construction Phase 11 B. Resettlement 13 C. Impacts and Mitigation Measures during the Operation Phase 14 VI. ECONOMIC ASSESSMENT 15 VII. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 17 A. Environmental Management 17 B. Environmental Monitoring 18 C. Institutional Enhancement 19 VIII. PUBLIC INVOLVEMENT AND DISCLOSURE 19 A. Public Participation during Project Preparation 19 IX. CONCLUSIONS 20 A. Benefits 20 B. Potential Negative Impacts and Associated Mitigation Measures 21 APPENDIXES 1. References 2. Environmental Management Plan 1 I. INTRODUCTION 1. Fuzhou, located in the Min River delta, is a major cultural, commercial, industrial and financial center in Fujian Province. The Min River, an important waterway that passes through the urban heart of Fuzhou, is the city’s main water source for drinking water, irrigation and industrial use. While the economic growth in Fuzhou has averaged about 15% annually during the last two decades, urban environmental improvements have not kept up the same pace. The urban population has increased rapidly from 1.06 million in 1980 to 1.85 million in 2003, creating serious shortfalls in the level of service of all urban infrastructures, especially in wastewater collection and treatment. The large quantity of untreated wastewater discharged into receiving water bodies has caused significant deterioration of water quality in urban inland rivers, most of which are seriously polluted by organic, nitrogen, and phosphorus compounds. Inadequate wastewater management and drinking water resources protection result in poor public health and an unclean urban living environment, creating a risk to drinking water supplies, and negatively influencing economic development. 2. The Fuzhou 10th Five Year Plan and the Fuzhou Urban Master Plan (FUMP) (1995– 2010) are the blueprints for the economic and social development of Fuzhou. The Fuzhou Municipal Government's (FMG’s) goal is to achieve a 70% wastewater treatment rate and 90% sewer service coverage by 2010. The Fuzhou Urban Master Plan has particularly targeted two areas as the main focus for future urban development: (i) the Yangli area in the eastern part of Fuzhou city; and (ii) Nantai Island, which used to be an agricultural area located south of the north branch of the Min River. The shortfall in wastewater coverage, collection and treatment in these areas and the inadequate management of inland rivers at Nantai Island have severely restricted sustainable development in these areas and Fuzhou in general. Wastewater generated from these areas in particular is disposed of untreated or only partially treated and threatens the water quality of Min River, the drinking water source of Fuzhou and downstream communities. Frequent flooding in Nantai Island causes substantial damage to properties, loss of life and is a major health concern. 3. The ADB-funded Yangli Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) Phase 11 with a capacity of 200,000 m3/day can only treat about 50% of the wastewater generated. There is urgent need to increase treatment capacities and expand the sewer networks to meet the growing demand of a fast growing urban population. In line with these needs and the FUMP, FMG is committed to construct, using municipal funds, the Yangli WWTP Phase 2 with an additional capacity of 100,000 m3/day. There is a need to increase wastewater service coverage for the population of the area, construct new sewers and rehabilitate those in need of repairs. 4. A similar deficiency in wastewater management exists on Nantai Island. To facilitate the planned urbanization of up to 84 km2 of land under the FUMP, there is a need to construct a new Lianban WWTP and a new sewer network, as well as rehabilitate existing sewers in need of repairs. In accordance, FMG is committed to the construction of the Lianban WWTP with an initial capacity of 150,000 m3/day, using private sector funds.2 There is a need to increase wastewater services coverage for the population of the area, construct new sewers and rehabilitate those in need of repairs. 1 ADB. 1998. Report and Recommendation of the President to the Board of Directors on a Proposed Loan to the People's Republic of China for the Fuzhou Water Supply and Wastewater Treatment Project. Manila. 2 Under the new provincial policy, all new WWTPs should be constructed through private sector investment. 2 5. Nantai Island is served by a network of inland rivers that are extremely polluted, being classified worse than the lowest water quality of class V. The flow in these rivers is slow or stagnant and, as untreated wastewater is discharged into them, some are carrying grey or wastewater only and present a health concern. The existing flood handling capacity of Nantai Island Inland Rivers is very low, good for only one storm event per year. As a result, the area is frequently flooded with untreated wastewater, creating property damage and nuisance, and health concerns. 6. This summary environmental impact assessment (SEIA) of the Project was prepared in accordance with People's Republic of China (PRC) Environmental Impact Assessment Technical Guidelines and ADB Environmental Assessment Guidelines (May 2003) concurrently with the draft full environmental impact assessment (EIA) reports. 7. EIAs for the Yangli Phase 2 and Lianban Sewer Networks components were prepared by the Fujian Research Institute of Environmental Sciences (FRIES). EIA for Nantai Island Inland River Rehabilitation component was prepared by the Fuzhou Institute of Environmental Sciences. EIA Outlines for each component were submitted to and approved by the Fujian Provincial Environmental Protection Bureau (FPEPB) in July 2003. The EIA of the Nantai Island Inland River Rehabilitation was reviewed by the FPEPB in late February 2004. EIAs for the Sewer Networks components are currently undertaken by FRIES and will be submitted to the relevant agencies for review and approval. The SEIA including the environmental management plan (EMP) will be appropriately updated should the Government’s review of the Project EIAs identify further issues to be addressed. 8. Although Lianban WWTP and Yangli WWTP Phase 2 are not part of the ADB loan, they are closely related to the Project, thus the relevant project preparation of the two WWTPs has been conducted to closely coordinate with the Project. II. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT 9. The Project seeks to improve the urban environmental infrastructure of Fuzhou through construction and rehabilitation of sewer networks, rehabilitation of the inland river system, and strengthening of urban governance in water resource management. Specifically, the Project will (i) construct 271 kilometers (km) of new sewers and rehabilitate 47 km of existing sewers. These sewers will improve the urban environment for 1.85 million urban residents, and (ii) rehabilitate 13 inland rivers and improve the water quality to achieve the targeted Class V or better standards in the inland rivers and assure long term compliance of the Min River to water quality Class III.3 10. The Project has three components: (i) expansion of the Yangli Sewer Networks serving the eastern part of Fuzhou, (ii) construction of the Lianban Sewer Networks on Nantai Island on the southern part of Fuzhou, and (iii) rehabilitation of 13 inland rivers for pollution and flood control on Nantai Island. A. Component A: Yangli Phase 2 Sewer Networks 11. Phase 1 sewer system covers approximately 29 square kilometers (km2) of service area. Yangli Phase 2 Sewer Networks will increase the current sewer capacity and serve an additional area of 24.2 km2. This component will construct 161 km of new sewers, rehabilitate 3 Class III water quality is required for surface water served as a raw water source for drinking. 3 39 km of the existing sewers and rehabilitate one pumping station. The trunk sewer capacity is designed for the 2020 planning horizon when the population served is expected to increase from 650,000 to 1,100,000.