9482 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE May 26 William E. Borah, whom he intensely ad­ great and with the humble, and all that HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES mired and with whom a strong friend­ knew him were enriched by their as­ ship existed. sociations with him. MoNDAY, MAY 26, 1958 His book, describing the critical early He had rich gifts to share with his The House met at 12 o'clock noon. days of World Warn was a remarkable staff, his colleagues, and with the officials The Reverend Ernest A. deBordenave, document of facts. of government-the executive, the legis~ D. D., Emmanuel Episcopal Church, Mid­ Washington will not quite be the same lative, and the judiciary-and he shared dleburg, va., offered the following without Bill Hutchinson. We will all them unstintingly, prayer: miss his genial smile, his ever good will. His death was untimely. His memory and the earnestness he exhibited for his will live a long_. long time. His contri­ 0 God, behold the Members of this work and the country he loved. · butions to the history of his era will re­ Congress. He was a great American and, through main, it seems to me, imperishable. They are called upon to make fateful his writings, helped to make the United He was my friend. decisions that affect the life of all man­ States a better land. kind, while they themselves are pride­ To his relatives, I extend my deepest ful, self-centered sinners like everybody sympathy. COMMITTEE ON MERCHANT else. Theirs is a great opportunity but Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, MARINE AND FISHERIES an awful responsibility. Surely, they will the gentleman yield? need Thy help. Mr. MARTIN. I yield to the gentle­ Mr. BONNER. Mr. Speaker, I ask Keep them humble by the knowledge man from Ohio. unanimous consent that the Merchant that Thou art the final ruler in human Mr. BROWN of Ohio. Mr. Speaker, Marine and Fisheries Subcommittee on history. Guide them by the knowledge I would like very much to associate my­ Fish and Wildlife may sit this afternoon that Thy justice is the measure of Thy self with the remarks of the gentleman during general debate. demand upon their decisions. from Massachusetts [Mr. MARTIN] in The SPEAKER. Is there objection? Give them fortitude to accept what paying tribute to the late William K. There was no objection. cannot be changed, courage to change or, as we knew him, "Bill" Hutchinson. what they ought to change, and wisdom We have been friends for nearly a quar­ to know the one from the other. Amen. ter of a century. He was one of the CALL OF THE HOUSE The Journal of the proceedings of Fri­ truly great newspapermen who served Mr. MURRAY. Mr. Speaker, I make day, May 23, 1958, was read and ap­ here in Washington for nearly 30 years. the point of order that a quorum is not proved. For many years Mr. Hutchinson was present. the head of the International News The SPEAKER. Evidently a quorum Service organization here in the Capital REPORT ON AGRICULTURE AP­ is not present. City. He was long known as one of the Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I PROPRIATION BILL most able political writers this Nation move a call of the House. Mr. CANNON. Mr. Speaker, I ask ever produced. He was what we term A call of the House was ordered. unanimous consent that the Committee in the trade a newspaperman's reporter. The Clerk called the roll and the on Appropriations may have until mid· In other words, he had a nose and a following Members failed to answer to night tonight to file a conference report sense for news that few men have. He their names: on the agricultural appropriation bill. had the ability to write the news with [Roll No. 73] The SPEAKER. Is there objection to a clarity that made it easy for the aver­ Andrews Gary Poage the request of the gentleman from Mis­ age man in the street to understand the Ashley Gordon Powell souri? situation exactly. Auchincloss Granahan Prouty We have also lost a great American Barden Grant Radwan There was no objection. Barrett Green, Pa. Reece, Tenn. in William K. Hutchinson, as well as a Bass, N.H. Gregory Rlley great newspaperman. His place in our Bass, Tenn. Gross Robeson, Va. THE LATE WILLIAM K. HUTCHINSON national life will not be easy to fill. Bentley Gubser Robison, N.Y. Blatnik Healey Rodino Mr. MARTIN. Mr. Speaker, I ask Mr. MARTIN. Mr. Speaker, I ask Boggs Hemphill Sadlak unanimous consent to address the House unanimous consent that any Member Brooks, La. Henderson Saund for 1 minute. desiring to do so may extend his re­ Buckley H1llings Scott, N.C. Byrd Holifield Scott, Pa. The SPEAKER. Is there objection to marks at this point in the RECORD. Byrnes, Wis. Jackson Seely-Brown the request of the gentleman from The SPEAKER. Is there objection? Carnahan James Selden Massachusetts? There was no objection. Celler Jenkins Shelley Chelf Jennings Sheppard There was no objection. Mr. O'BRIEN of New York. Mr. Christopher Judd Shuford Mr. MARTIN. Mr. Speaker, when a Speaker, one of the most distinguished Clark Kearney Sieminski close personal friend of 30 years dies sud­ careers in modern American journalism Colmer Kilburn Siler came to an end with the unexpected Cooley Knutson Spence denly, his death comes as a shock and Corbett Lennon Staggers causes great sorrow. It was so yesterday death on May 25 of William K. Hutchin­ Coudert Lesinski Steed when I was informed of the death of son, chief of the Washington bureau of Curtis, Mo. McCarthy Taylor William K. Hutchinson, manager of the International News Service. Dellay Mcintosh Teague, Tex. Dies Mahon Teller Washington office of International News Mr. Hutchinson held that key position Dooley Marshall Tollefson Service. for 19 years. Before that, he had been Dowdy May Trimble "Bill" Hutchinson, as we knew him, a top Congressional correspondent for Doyle Merrow Udall Eberharter Miller, Calif. VanZandt was one of a group of really great jour­ INS. He served that great news­ Engle Morano Watts nalists who were here when I first came gathering organization for 38 eventful Farbstein Morris Wharton to Washington; a group that has only a years. In point of service, he was one Fino O'Hara, Minn. Widnall Fogarty Osmers Wier few remaining members. They were of the true elder statesmen among Wash­ Forand Passman Wilson, Cali!. journalists who could intelligently inter­ ington correspondents. Fulton Patterson Withrow pret the news, both local and foreign. It was my privilege to know Bill Garmatz Philbin Zelenka They were men who had a scent for news Hutchinson first as a fellow newsman The SPEAKER. On this rollcall, 309 and loved the "scoops" that were often and later as a sage to whom a Member Members have answered to their names, secured. of Congress could turn for wise counsel. a quorum. Bill was a great lover of sports and His achievements as a reporter in the By unanimous consent, further pr~J .. at one time was vice president of the great tradition are legendary. Among ceedings under the call were dispensed Washington Redskins. He accompanied them was his magnificent beat, as tri­ with. the team on its trips throughout the umph over the opposition is called in country. He loved baseball and, as a. newspaper parlance, on the Japanese personal friend of Clark Griffith, could surrender that ended World War II. ADMISSION OF THE STATE OF be found every Sunday at the ball park. He was a man who literally could not ALASKA INTO THE UNION Besides his active reporting, Bill found count his friends, they were so many Mr. O'BRIEN of New York. Mr. time to author a biography of Senator and so various. He walked with the Speaker, I move that the House resolve 1958. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 9483 itself into the Committee of the Whole Alaska for a livelihood. A substantial for admission to the Union. The resi­ House on the State of the Union for the number of former residents of Washing­ dents of Alaska are imbued with deep further consideration of the bill United States. with which we will be doing more and the 1950 session the House passed first I shall not review the grievances of more business in the future, held back the statehood bill for Alaska, then the Alaskans accumulated during their exist­ from its natural development. We hear .statehood bill for Hawaii. I voted for the ence as a Territory. Sufficeth it to say a lot of talk out our way about the need admission of Alaska and I voted for the that the time has long since passed for new markets if the West is to con­ admission of Hawaii. That was a matter wherein we should have sympathetically tinue to develop. Alaska and Washing­ of conscience and of honor. I am sup­ responded to their petitions, pleas, and ton should be able to count upon each porting this bill, granting statehood to requests for corrective action. other as marketing areas for their goods. Alaska, and when the Hawaii statehood I supported statehood for Alaska. I Through the years, statehood tradi­ bill is brought in I shall support that am confident that the people of Alaska tionally has led to increases in popula­ measure. are intelligent, resourceful, and indus­ tion. It is criminal to choke off this The year that I was born there were trious enough to niold this frontier into potential development. 38 States in the Union. During my life­ one of the great States of the Union. The economic benefits to the entire time 10 others have been added-Ari­ Alaska's admission to the United States country of encouraging the development zona, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, will culminate the story of a patient, of Alaska are obvious. It is estimated North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, peaceful, and resolute effort by people to that Alaska, even in its second-class Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. Al­ become part of an existing Government status as a Territory, has repaid 425 ways there were timid souls, afraid of which they love and cherish. This story times the $7,500,000 we paid for it in shadows, afraid of progress. All the will be a refreshing chapter in the dolor­ 1867. One might ask, "If Alaska has arguments of fear and of distrust that done so well for the past 91 years, why we have heard in this debate from the ous book of mankind. opposition popped like firecrackers when Mr. O'BRIEN of New York. Mr. not leave well enough alone and let her Chairman, I yield such time as he may continue to develop as a Territory?" each of these States, not one of which require to the gentleman from Washing­ The best .way to answer that is to ask, we now would wish or could afford to lose, Who knows what is best for Alaska? Is was brought into the fold of our national ton [Mr. MAGNUSON]. family. The arguments sound to me so Mr. MAGNUSON. Mr. Chairman, I it the people who live there and earn a living there or the people in Washing­ like the wailing of a little child when a have listened with a great deal of in· brother or a sister is born to its parents, terest during the past few days to thE ton, D. C., who only hear from quasi­ representatives, who have no real voice the child fearful that it will have to many statements both in favor of and divide with another parental attention against statehood for Alaska. I think in their government? The people who know Alaska, her problems and her po­ and affection. The child soon discovers it is well that we have had this oppor­ that in the addition to the family circle tunity to debate this measure so thor­ tentialities are those who live there. They want statehood by an overwhelm­ of a little sister or a little brother the oughly, because the addition of a State wealth of affection with which it is to the Union is one of the most impor­ ing majority. They want statehood be­ cause they see it as the only way in blessed has suffered no diminution but tant things Congress can do. I hope rather has been richly expanded. _so it that before too long we will be able to which they can continue to grow with the rest of the country. is when a new State comes into our na­ bring this bill to a vote and that it will tional family of States. be passed so we can point to this session When the Territory of Alaska was purchased, we included in our treaty a Mr. Chairman, because in 8 years there of the Congress as the one which had has been no change either in the under .. the wisdom and foresight to admit Alaska clause which stated that-- lying facts or in the desire of the Ameri.. to the Union. . The inhabitants of the ceded Territory can pecple for statehood for Alaska and There are many, many reasons why • • • shall be admitted to all the rights, Hawaii, I am extending my remarks to I am pleased to have this opportunity advantages, and immunities of citizens o! the United States. include portions of my remarks in this to speak in behalf of statehood for Chamber on March 6, 1950, as follows: Alaska. As a Representative from the It most certainly is the duty of Con­ For the first time we are accepting into State which is located nearest to Alaska, gress to fulfill this agreement by ad· the family of sister States those Territories I feel particularly close to the people who mitting Alaska to the Union as soon as that are outside of continental United States live there. Many of our people in the she is ready. And there is no question · and not contiguous thereto. Where this will Puget Sound ·area are dependent upon but what she fulfills the requirements end, to what extent conceivably the pattern CIV;-597 9484 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE May 26 may be carried in the realization of the dream services in this Chamber. For that reason I There is no question of the loyalty or of our generation of a permanent peace am putting in the RECORD, with especial em­ the people of Alaska and of our fellow­ through a world union of states, only the fU• phasis, that the pattern for the future ad­ Americans in that vast area. ture can tell. mission of States, when no longer required As I remember the last report made I think it is proper here to place em· to be of contiguous territory or a part of phasis on the fact that the step we are taking continental United States, came to us from by the Federal Bureau of Investigation has not been decided upon hastily. It is al· the sound judgment of the American people in connection with Alaska and com­ together too important a step to be left for arrived at after long discussion and delibera­ munism therein was in 1951. It is my decision alone to the Members of this body. tion and so wholly on a bipartisan level that distinct recollection that the report at However able and conscientious they may be, both major political parties incorporated in that time stated that there were only 10 nevertheless in common with all humankind their respective platforms expression of that Communists in Alaska. their judgment cannot be 1nfall1ble. What judgment arrived at by the American people. Business Week, speaking of Alaska in we are doing is merely making effective. the decision arrived at by the American people. Mr. Chairman, I am voting for state­ one of its recent publications, said: That is the way democracy functions with hood for Hawaii as I voted for statehood Picture a land stretching from Maine to us. The question of statehood for an island for Alaska. With every new State that Florida, from the Great Lakes to the Cali­ in the Pacific and for a mainland not joins up with us, to share under free gov­ fornia-Mexico boundary, embracing 20 east­ contiguous to a continental United States, ernment the benefits and the responsi· ernmost States, and wrap it around a coast with a long stretch of islands running into bilities of joint effort in advancing hu­ line greater than that of the United States the Orient, has been discussed for a long man welfare, greater strength is given itself and you have an image of Alaska. time in every city, hamlet, and crossroads in Twice the size of Texas, one-fifth as large the country. My colleagues and I must ac­ us to carry on. My faith is in my coun­ as all of the 48 States together. cept it as the judgment of the American try and the purity of its purpose to ask people as a whole-or that substantial major· nothing for its own people that it does We all know that the purchase price ity which under our democratic system con• not seek to make possible for all men to given to Imperial Russia for Alaska was trois-that this step should be taken and in a attain in a world of brotherhood. My $7 million. At that time it was called by new world, bound much closer by radio trans­ faith is in the people of the United States those who opposed, Seward's Folly. It mission of the thoughts of men and aerial and when after discussion and delibera­ was attacked just the same as the Louisi­ transportation of persons and products, the tion they have reached a judgment, by ane Purchase was attacked by its bitter pattern of the old world of the horse and opponents. buggy should be modernized even in the mat­ that judgment I will abide. ter of selecting Territories to be taken into Mr. O'BRIEN of New York. Mr. Seward's Folly, although purchased the Union as States. I say we must accept Chairman, I yield 15 minutes to the dis­ some 90 years ago, has today become one this as the judgment of the American people tinguished majority leader, the gentle­ of the most important areas of the world, because when the delegates met at the na­ man from Massachusetts [Mr. Mc­ one of the most important parts of our tional conventions of the two major political CoRMACK]. possessions, and as we project our minds parties, with scarcely a dissenting vote, they Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Chairman, into the future, Alaska becomes more and pledged the support of their respective parties more important to the United States. to Alaska-Hawaii statehood. We Democrats the admission of Alaska to statehood has and Republicans may differ in our interpreta­ been before the Congress since 1916-42 Despite the fact that the Federal tion of how far the majority vote in a closely years. Both political parties in their Government owns about 99 percent of contested election is to be construed as a platforms are pledged in favor of her the land in Alaska, we have received mandate. There can be no question, however, admission. A series of public opinion back from Alaska close to 500 times the about the validity of the mandate when it polls from 1946 to 1958 shows over­ original purchase price. We know, from emanates from the voters of the two major whelming support of our people of from a reading of history, the opposition and parties. 5 to 1 to 12 to 1 in favor of the admis­ the clamor against the Louisiana Pur­ I respectfully suggest to my colleagues, sion of Alaska. chase to which I have already referred, with no desire to pose as a prophet, that the but we also know of the great results new pattern we are setting up may prove a When Alaska, some 90 years ago, be­ more vital factor than we imagine in bringing came American territory, we pledged, to and benefits to our country that have the world closer· together in peace and the give its inhabitants "all the rights, ad­ flowed from the original Louisiana Pur­ common pursuit of human happiness. vantages, and immunities of the United chase. Today we see a number of States Many in this Chamber, in their ardent desire States." Under that pledge comes self­ in the Union that were once a part of that to advance the cause of understanding and government as a member of the States wide area known as the Louisiana of permanent peace, have sponsored the of the Union of the United States. The Purchase, the farms, the cities, towns, world federation resolution. It at least is facts justifying the admission of Alaska and factories, and their millions of popu­ worthy of note that what we are now doing, lation, all in an area practically unknown although certainly it is not in the minds to me seem very persuasive. There are of any of us here, may furnish in the future advantages to Alaska itself, but there at the time of its purchase. Projecting the basis for a United States of America ex­ are also advantages to the United States my mind several decades into the future panded, on the petition of other peoples, to have Alaska as one of the States of I can see Alaska developed with a popu­ into a United States of the world. the Union. There is not a Member of lation of millions of Americans. And in I am not advancing this thought with the the House, or any intelligent person in this connection I call your attention to idea that having moved in the direction of the United States or in the world who the fact that between 1950 and 1958 taking in territory far from continental but will admit that in the world of today alone the population of the Territory of United States we actually may, as the world and tomorrow Alaska is one of the most Alaska increased by 53,000 persons, or grows closer and closer together, add to our close to 48 percent. If this progress sisterhood of States territories still farther important located parts of the world. removed. For one thing there is the differ­ As far as the United States is concerned, took place under territorial status, what ence in languages and in cusotms, which even our own country, there is no more would be her progress and her popula­ if distances were annihilated would still strategic part of our defenses than tion as a State of the Union? present a formidable barrier. But there is Alaska. The history of every newly admitted no escaping the import of the departure we Another factor involved that I think State shows that its progress was rap­ are approaching. Considered in connection is pertinent: We must bear in mind that idly accelerated as a result of admission with the development of the backward areas as a State to the Union. of the world under point 4 of President Tru­ 85 percent of the people of Alaska today man's plan-an undertaking the success of are the same as those early 'pioneers If one of the States of the West or which hangs on the removal of trade bar­ who went to the Mid-West, the far West the Northwest, originally a part of the riers--it at least should furnish the subject and the Northwest, and who built up Louisiana Purchase, were still a Terri­ for intriguing speculation and lively discus­ that great area of our country. Eskimos, tory today, and instead of the Alaska sion in the way the American people have of Aleuts, and Indians are about 15 percent statehood bill there was pending be­ thinking and talking things over even when of the population of Alaska, and they fore us a bill to admit that Territory to such things are still in the realm of the· are all fine Americans. They have the Union, the same arguments would improbable and the unexpected. clearly evidenced their love of and That we are making history today I think be made against its admission as a State there can be no doubt. The CONGRESSIONAL loyalty to the United States. We must as are now being made against the ad­ RECORD of these days of the Alaska-Hawaii bear in mind that the only place in mission of Alaska; and the same un­ statehood debates very likely will be con­ North America where enemy forces in­ expressed thoughts would exist, the sulted by historical researchers long after the vaded during World War II was Alaska. same hidden reasons in the minds of last of those participating in these debates It is one of the main outposts of ·our some Members would exist, such as fear has had his hour in the traditional memorial continental defense. of losing a Representative and fear of 1958 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 9485 two more Members of the United States Viewing the case of Alaska, it is a bershlp w111 give considered attention to Senate. I cannot see why any of the clear case, and Alaska should be admit­ this most important problem of bringing 35 States that were not a part of the ted into the Union. I hope the motion a new State into the Union. original Union-and they had to be ad­ to strike the enacting clause, when it When the debate is finished and the mitted by resolution-could in good con• comes, will be defeated. I hope any amendments are read, it is my hope that science and sincerity oppose the ad­ motion to recommit will be defeated. the vote will be affirmative for statehood mission of Alaska as a State of the Even those of you who are opposed to for Alaska. Union. To do so would be for them to the admission of Alaska could vote EARLY HISTJ>RT deny the admission of their own State. against those two motions and then have Let us review together a little of the Let us view the United States of your vote recorded on the straight ques­ early history of this vast area known as America today, its greatness, and what tion on the passage of the bill. It would Alaska. . would be its position as a Nation if a be the honorable way for anyone to It has been a possession since 1867 majority of the Members of Congress record his views. when the United States paid Russia $7.2 decades ago took a position against the Mr. Chairman, Alaska should be ad.. million for the land. The actual trans­ admission of any Territory as a State of mitted, and those of you, as I said, who fer took place in October 1867. The the Union. It is, therefore, amazing to are opposed to it and during the debate then Secretary of State was roundly me that Members from these 35 States of today and tomorrow are not influ­ scolded and for many years this vast Ter­ should forget the history of the ad­ enced in favor of it at least ought to ritory was referred to as Seward's Folly. mission of their own State into the vote against the indirect motions de­ How wrong the people were to object Union. signed to cover up a record, and let the to the purchase of Alaska for $7.2 mil­ The admission of a new State into record stand on the passage of the bill. lion because since that time this vast the Union should be viewed from a big, Mr. Chairman, I hope this House will Territory has returned many hundreds broad, statesmanlike angle, not from the adopt and pass the resolution. of millions of dollars to the Treasury of sectional angle or from the angle of per­ Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. Mr. the United States. sonal views or personal thoughts. Chairman, I yield myself 20 minutes. It should be remembered that Alaska Just because Massachusetts might be Mr. Chairman, the several days of de­ was first discovered by a Danish soldier affected in her representation in this bate on statehood for Alaska has about commanding a Russian ship in 1741. body in the future is no reason why I exhausted anything new that might be While Alaska was not actually purchased should vote against the admission of said. · until 1867, negotiations were started in Alaska; no more reason, in bygone years, The arguments being made against 1859 when President Buchanan's admin­ as a Member of this body, why I should the Alaska statehood bill are about the istration offered $5 million for this unex­ have voted against the admission of same as those made in one form or an­ plored wilderness. The offer was reject­ any 1 of the other 35 States which have other against many of the 35 other ed. Alaska has had Territorial rights been admitted into the Union. The States when they came in as a State of since 1912. · same applies to any Member from any the Union. There are about 586,400 square miles other State having. that thought. It is interesting to go back and read in Alaska. The 1950 census indicated Fear of two more Members in the some of the debates. It is interesting to 128,643 people. The population is now Senate is unjustifiable selfishness. If note the attitude that a few men in close to 200,000. I would predict that these feelings influenced the past, the Congress held relative to the prospects when Alaska becomes a State, within 5 majority of the Members of Congress and the development of the land west years it will double its population and in representing those 35 States admitted of the Mississippi River. I want to say the next quarter century from two to subsequent to the original Union would more about this later. five million people will be living in not be sitting here today. A number of I am glad that the legislative proce­ Alaska. the States would still be Territories in­ dure on the Alaska statehood bill is now In 1896 gold was discovered in Alaska: stead of sovereign States within our duai back in familiar grooves. 100,000 Americans rushed to Alaska. system of Government. I was one who pled with the Rules From this time on, the world began to Now, one argument against the ad­ Committee to grant a rule. It was my take notice of this vast Territory rich mission of Alaska is that it is not con­ intention that in bringing up a bill in mineral resources. tiguous to the continental United States. under a highly privileged motion was an STATEHOOD BILLS I agree with that. But, neither were unusual procedure and one full of leg­ There has been a long history of at­ California and Oregon contiguous to the islative entanglements. The fact that tempts to get statehood for Alaska. The then other States of the Union when there has been numerous quorum calls first statehood bill was introduced March they were admitted into the Union. and legislative maneuvers to hold up 30, 1916-42 years ago. Certainly the means and methods of the bill is, I am sure, evidence that the Not much was done until the 80th Con­ travel today brush aside the contigu­ Rules Committee serves a valuable pur­ gress when hearings were held in Alaska ous territory theory or it should, in all pose. It is so necessary to have a Rules and Washington. A bill was reported, but sincerity, brush aside that theory in Committee that will set up the rules and no action was taken. There was some the minds of, any of the Members. The take in order great legislative questions rapidity of travel through the air, on action in the 81st Congress when hear­ such as we are discussing here today. ings were held ::.n washington. The bill the sea, and under the sea in the years The general debate upon this bill will that lie ahead will be even more rapid passed the House on March 3, 1950, by a end at 5 tonight, May 26, 1958. The bill vote of 186 for the bill and 146 against. than today. The very fact that the then will be read for amendments. There relationship of Alaska to continental It died in the Senate. The 82d Congress ~re several amendments that will be again took some action. The Senate re­ United States is through the sea rather made that will be in order and I will dis­ than overland makes Alaska just as ported a bill but the bill was finally re­ cuss them later. committed. much contiguous, at least today, as Cali­ I know there are many honest and sin­ fornia and Oregon were when they were cere men in this Chamber who are op­ In the 83d Congress, the House passed both admitted into the Union; in fact, posed to statehood. There will be an a bill for Alaska. The Senate combined they were separated by far more im­ equal number, and I hope a majority, Alaska and Hawaii, and a request for a penetrable barriers at the time of their who will be in favor of statehood. conference was objected to and thus the admission than Alaska is separated to­ bill died. It is my intention as the individual In the 84th Congress, some 10 days of day. Viewing the situation again, my designated to handle the time on the colleagues, from the angle of .the · na­ Republican side of the aisle to give equal hearings were held on Alaska and Hawaii. tional interest of our country, lifting time to opponents and proponents. A combined bill was reported but the ourselves above personal feelings, which House recommitted it. are human, but which we should do, There was a famous statesman of an­ In fact, the history of Alaska's at­ certainly we, the elected Members of other day who said: tempts to become a State is quite parallel Congress, have a duty to perform and :r do not believe a word you say but :r will to the attempts of some of our own States are supposed to be capable of lifting defend with my ll!e your right to say 1t. to gain admission to the Union. ourselves above personal feelings, we It is my hope we may avoid unneces­ In the early days and up to the time should vote for the admission of Alaska. sary quorum calls and that the mem- that Nebraska was admitted in 1867 it 9486 CONGRESSIONAL RECOI{El~ HOUSE May-26 was the custom to admit a known slave upon which it mfght- exist? It has been There are some who will tell 'you that State along with a State that was a free my experience that the State never de· statehood votes have been held, but they State. velops the resources of the land it holds. always were tagged with fishtraps, con­ The 17 Western States had tremendous It takes the individual with initiative, stitutional amendments or some other problems in being admitted to the Union. courage, and ability to· work, to go out provision affecting the· State. The vote The Federal Government retained about and do the things that cannot easily on the plebiscite in 1942 was as follows: 50 percent of the land in the Western be done by the State. . The West was 9,600 for, or 58 percent; 6,822 against, or States. Much of this was waste and developed because . individuals had the 41 percent. mountainous land, just as it is in Alaska. courage to go out and select the land, I understand this amendment has the PUBLIC LANDS had the courage to go out and seek new approval of the Delegate of Alaska and minerals, to work out their destiny and the majority leadership in the commit­ Alaska is about 98 'h percent Federal become a part of America. tee. It was presented in the committee land. In that respect it is similar to what It seems to me that we ought to look and while it carried in the subcommittee happened to some of the other States. rather upon this as being a give back to it lost in the full committee by a tie vote. There has been some complaint be· the American people some of the assets While I believe the people of Alaska­ cause the bill proposes to give ·· Alaska we have kept in the icebox for far too when they fully understand what state· 183,200,000 acres out of her nearly 365 long a time. hood will mean to them-will vote for million acres of land. I can recall seeing on one of the pub· statehood, I am not one of those who be· I think we should bear in mind that the lie buildings in Sacramento words lieve that all of the people of Alaska­ Federal Government has already re· carved in stone over the public entrance. at least 1 year ago-are in favor of state· served 100 million acres of some of the These were the words, "Bring me men hood. I say that because in the course of best land in Alaska. This 100 million to match my mountains." They were our hearings of the statehood for Alaska acres of selected land makes up the na· carved there in honor and memory of about a year ago, I raised the question tiona! forests, parks, the monuments, oil the many thousands and thousands of as to a plebiscite because of the number reserve, fish and wildlife, the military, men and women who had courage of letters I received. Then I suggested and other holdings. enough to trek across free lands and to the 10 radio stations and 5 newspa­ When the 35 States were carved out of tackle numerous problems in search of pers in the larger cities of the Territory public domain, most of the land was a home. California was all public that they, without public expense, pub­ made available to the States. domain. California was separated lish or broadcast this question: "Do you In my State of Nebraska, the new from the other States. When gold was favor immediate statehood for Alaska?" State decided to have a homestead law discovered, people flocked to that land. I was surprised at the great response. where at first a man could homestead It may well soon become the No. 1 In the course of 3 weeks my office re· 160 acres, meet certain requirements, State in the Union. ceived 1,916 airmail letters from Alaska. and own the land. This was later · The wise handling of the public offi· They came from all over the Territory. raised to 640 acres under a tree claim cials in the 35 States had helped Amer­ Some were written by those who took the proposition. Nebraska and many States ica to grow from the three or four time and trouble to write long letters of the West found settlers coming in cov· million population in the 13 original setting forth reasons for their vote. ered wagons and slow moving ox-cart colonies to more than 174 million people. Here are some of the types of quotations conveyances-people seeking new homes Most of our frontiers have been con· from some of these 1,916 airmail letters: and new places to live. They _carved quered. There is room in Alaska for (From the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD Of July 1, out their future and their destiny in a large number of people. The people 1957] what was then inhospitable prairies of going there will have to pioneer-they FOR IMMEDIATE STATEHOOD the West. These pioneers settled all will have hardship. They will have to The people of Alaska have been steadily through the West, built their soddies, tackle unfriendly soil and treat it right preparing for statehood for a good many raised their families. They had no in order to get it to produce. They will years and I feel that we are fully ready to guaranteed price for their crops, no in­ find Alaska rich in resources that, when assume the responsibilities that go with surance or unemployment compensation developed, will help add to the wealth statehood. benefits. They knew there would be of a growing, dynamic America. I object very strongly to the blocking ef· grasshoppers and the elements to fight. So, I say to my colleagues who object forts from outside interests. They threw their strength against the to giving Alaska about one-half of her Reason alone would indicate that Alas· elements and won. They made the kans desire statehood. What reasoning man land-remember that from the 48 States wishes for government by edict; taxation many hundreds of communities over the many people are going to Alaska to help without representation; discrimination in West. These pioneer men and women develop these resources. shipping, highway construction and use of had iron in their blood and granite in AME;NDMENTS national resources; and trial by judges who their soul. are appointed by his rulers? Is there anyone here from the Thir· One of the amendments to the bill I am unequivocably in favor of lmmedi· teen Original Colonies who would say which must be voted on by the people ate statehood for Alaska and cannot under­ that because the Government made it of the new State will set aside 43 per· stand why it has been so long denied us. possible for these pioneers to have a cent of the land north of the Yukon · We do not have a vote in Congress nor a home and work out their destiny that River as a military reservation. While vote for President. _We must depend on it will be essentially a part of Alaska it Federal courts for justice. There is ~othlng . this was a give-away of resources be­ wrong with Federal courts but we have l ­ longing to all the people? will all be under military jurisdiction. The people themselves must approve,of in Anchorage for a population of 60,000 peo­ I would like to ask of my friends who ple and it is 2 years behind in its calendar. oppose Alaska getting about 50 percent this amendment before the new State I say, let's have statehood. of her land whether they would object cari be created. We Alaskans have contributed much to if people left-Virginia, New York, Ohio, PLEBISCITE the welfare of our country. Why should we Nebraska, California, or any of the Another amendment I expect to intro­ be denied statehood now? States of the Union-left in small groups duce is "Shall Alaska be immediately Alaska has so much to give but.is stymied but with the same pioneering spirit that by the restrictions of Territorial government. admitted into the Union· as a State." I think you wlll agree that Americans those pioneers of the seventies and I am doing this not to delay statehood­ should not be compelled to live under a eighties had-to locate in Alaska and it will not delay statehood 1 day. · The colonial system, even an American colonial­ there carve out their home. Would that proposed new State must vote on ism, 1f we are going to keep our Amertcan be a give-away of the resources of all the two other amendments before it can be· way of life and our American ideals. people? It is a · strange feeling that come a State. This will be merely an For the sake of our American heritage and some people have relative to how this additional question upon which the peo· way of life and for the sake of the children acreage of land should be given to the ple of Alaska will be expected to vote. and grandchildren of the American citizens new State. If 183 million acres is too I believe in doing this they meet who make up the entire Alaska population, will Alaska should be granted immediate state­ much-would they be satisfied with 100 many of the objections now raised by hood. million acres-or 50 million acres-or some of my colleagues in the House. We want the advantages of statehood we would they prefer to keep it all as Fed­ It has been about 16 years since a vote used to enjoy when we lived in the great eral domain and give this State little was held upon statehood for Alaska. State of Washington. We are disgusted 1958 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 9487 with the way Alaskans are treated by selfish The past three Republican and Demo­ I want to ask the gentleman this ques­ business interests in the States. cratic Conventions have promised imme­ tion: To your knowledge, is this not the I can't understand why any Congressman diate statehood for Alaska. Presidents first time that the citizens of Alaska or Senator can conscientiously oppose giving Roosevelt, Truman, and Eisenhower have have had an apportunity to vote on im­ us the privilege of statehood. As it now all in their messages to Congress, recom­ mediate statehood? stands, we have taxation without represen­ tation. mended statehood for Alaska. Mr. MILLER of Nebr:?.ska. I believe The Gallup poll for the last 10 years that is correct. Except in 1942-they OPPOSING IMMEDIATE STATEHOOD shows between 75 and 80 percent of the did vote on a similar question. The few people now living in Alaska would people think Alaska is entitled to state­ Mr. O'BRIEN. of New York. Mr. not be able to pay for the tremendous cost Chairman, will the ·gentleman yield? of statehood. hood. Let's leave Alaska a Territory, not make it There has been a score of public opin­ Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. I yield. a haven for a lot of money-hungry politi­ ion polls conducted in a dozen different Mr. O'BRIEN of New York. I want to cians. States within the past 3 years includ­ compliment the gentleman from Nebras­ We are burdened with such high taxation ing California, Texas, Nebraska, Iowa, ka on his statement. I think he has an­ now there is no incentive to stay. and New York. The average recom­ swered any questions which may be I definitely think Alaska is not ready for mending statehood for Alaska is about raised as to the desire of Alaskans to be statehood, and about 90 percent of the peo­ 78 percent. in the States, by suggesting an amend­ ple here are opposed. Statehood is recommended by more ment under which they would vote. I The statehood committee is organized and have no desire, and I am sure the gen­ 1s being run strictly one-sided. than 100 civic organizations, women's clubs, veterans' organizations, and people tleman has no desire, to shove statehood The Congress should not turn over this down the throats of anyone. If they do vast undeveloped land to a- bunch of fast interested in Alaska. I realize that polls operators to exploit for their own benefit. may not always be accurate or should be not want statehood there is a very sim­ I am not in favor of statehood for Alaska the dominating infiuence upon a Mem­ ple answer. But may I say this, that we at this time, but, on the other hand, I am ber's vote. went to Alaska in 1955. We covered not in favor of the present system of treat­ I must confess I was a little surprised every part of Alaska, the tiny fishing vil­ ment, but I do believe the present to be the at the poll conducted by the radio sta­ lages and the larger cities. lesser of two evils. tions and newspapers in Alaska. I I might state-and this is the conclu­ I am a frequent traveler in the Alaska in­ sion of a man who has spent a quarter terior, and I know the majority of inhabi­ would be more swayed if I lived in Alaska and the people were voting for me as a of a century in the newspaper business­ tants are opposed to statehood but do not that I went there to find out the facts, have the means or the communications to Member of Congress. In my own District express their views. I sent out at least six questionnaires with and I believe that both then and now On the practical side, most of us know we the simple question, "Do you favor state­ the people of Alaska favor statehood can't support statehood. hood for Alaska?'' The vote is between better than 4 to 1. We got a bunch of amateur politicians 73 and 78 percent in the affirmative. I Mr. PILLION. Mr. Chairman, will trying to appeal to our Alaska pride. believe this is what the people of the the gentleman yield? We are taxed very heavy now and can't Fourth District of Nebraska want me to Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. I yield to raise enough money to run a Territory. I do-vote for statehood. the gentleman from New York. don't know what we would do with a State. · Mr. PILLION. I wish to compliment When all the arguments are finished­ It would be pleasant if the politicians the gentleman for his very fine state­ would forget themselves for a moment and and there will not be be much new that can be said-! trust my colleagues will ment and also for the very fair and im­ face the facts and think of the people. partial manner in which he conducted We do not complain about being colonials, give thoughtful consideration to the most nor do we feel the Federal Government has important question-statehood for himself throughout the hearings on this stifled our growth. There is nothing new Alaska. I believe you should support it. particular bill. I would like, however, to that statehood can do for us that the Fed­ Alaska is one of the last great existing point out that the referendum to be held in Alaska under the gentleman's amend­ eral Government has not done for us in the frontiers that offers great promise for past. ment is not the whole answer to the prob­ the future. I favor statehood, but certainly not until lem of statehood for Alaska; because, the Territory can manage itself in a more Alaska in the years ahead will make a after all, the people of Alaska are the businesslike manner and be in position to great contribution to the Union. It is people who are receiving the power, yet support itself. rich in many resources. The people it is the people of the 48 States who are This is the only organization that can going to Alaska will find difficulties. being deprived of the power. When you speak for 35,000 of us natives. We are op­ There will be hardships similar to those posed to immediate statehood, because you take power from one group of persons faced by the pioneers of three-quarters of and give it to another you shoula seek count as permanent residents the transient a century ago when they settled the population of 100,000 persons, and in addi­ not the consent of the person to whom tion, you don't allow for the other transients West. I believe that Alaska, with good the power is given but the consent of the (Government workers), who file their appli­ leadership, can work out her destiny and parties from whom the power is taken; cations for transfer as soon as they get here, become an important State of the Union. and that is, of course, the people of the and yet because they are citizens, can qualify Alaska should be admitted as a State 48 States. to vote. We natives constitute almost the of the Union. It would make much more sense and entire group that lives off the country. Why Mr. HALEY. Mr. Chairman, will the hurry? (William L. Paul, Sr., Juneau, grand would be much more equitable, if a ref­ president emeritus, of the Alaska Native gentleman yield? erendum were taken not only on the part Brotherhood.) Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. I yield. of the recipients, the beneficiaries of this Mr. HALEY. I thoroughly agree with power, but also of those from whom Now I realize that 1916 votes represent the gentleman that he should present his power is taken, those people of the 48 but a small segment of Alaska's popu­ amendment. It is rather a strange thing States who would lose 3 or 4 seats in the lation. I had felt, however, that since to me that a committee of the Congress House, and those people whose represen­ 1394 were negative against immediate -would not, especially in view of the im­ tation in the Senate would be reduced by statehood for Alaska and only 522 were portance of this thing, allow the people the admission of Senators from Alaska affirmative, that the people of the Ter­ of Alaska to vote on this very important and Hawaii. ritory should have the right to vote for matter. I may say to the gentleman, So if a referendum were to be taken it the question, "Shall Alaska be immedi­ and I think he will agree with me, that would seem to be fair and eminently im­ ately admitted into the Union as a responsibl~ partial and a very reasonable thing, I State?" in this poll that he was for being taken in Alaska, I think he ren­ think, that consent be obtained from When it comes time to vote I hope this dered a · very distinguished service, not those who are being deprived and who amendment will be admitted. It will be only to the people of Alaska but to the are losing their power of representation a clear-cut explanation of the thinking people of this House who are going to in the House and the Senate, and in the of the people of Alaska. judge this measure. I am sure the gen­ right to choose and elect a President. To WHY STATEHOOD FOR ALASKA? tleman was just as surprised as I was do otherwise, it seems to me, would be I shall vote for statehood for Alaska when he found that in the poll lie took anything but reasonable. because this country promised statehood up there practically 3 to 1 were against Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. I may say to Alaska. immediate statehood for Alaska. to the gentleman from New York that 9488 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-. ·HOUSE May 26 that same argument was used when some from the State of Washington, but which ests-whether resident or nonresident­ 10 or 12 of the Western States were being is also important to all Americans. I not be allowed to gain control of Alas­ admitted into the Union. Many Mem­ refer to the conservation of natural re­ ka's fisheries. But last year the terri­ bers of Congress thought the States sources-in this case fish and wildlife. I torial legislature passed Senate bill 3{), should vote on the question. am firmly convinced that present condi­ which would do exactly that. Fortu­ Mr. JONAS. Mr. Chairman, will the tions require that the administration of nately, with Alaska in a territorial gentleman yield? the fish and wildlife resources of Alaska status, the management . of fish and Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. I yield to be retained by the Federal Government wildlife remains under the United States the gentleman from North Carolina. until it can be clearly shown that the Fish and Wildlife Service and not the Mr. JONAS. Will the gentleman ex­ Alaskan State Legislature has made ade­ new Fisn and Game Commission set up plain the reasoning behind the provision .quate provision for the administration, by Senate bill 30. But should this state­ that would give Alaska the right to vote management, and conservation of these .hood bill pass without appropriate lan­ on whether the 43 million acres should be resources in the broad national inter.est. guage to protect Alaska fish and wild­ converted into a military reservation? At the appropriate time I intend to ofter life, the provisions -of Senate bill 30 Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. I believe an amendment to accomplish this end. granting control of Alaska fish and wild­ the area is larger than that, I believe it Alaska fisheries are .now under the life resources to commercial interests is 43 percent of the land. The military jurisdiction of the Fish and Wildlife would become a reality. establishment in Alaska is quite large, Service in the Department7 of the Inte­ The Acting Governor, although be de­ as the gentleman knows; and while it rior. Fish and 'Wildlife is presently en­ clined to veto the bill, since its over­ will be a part of Alaska, they must agree gaged in a rehabilitation program for whelming 'legislative support would to relinquish any hold on the land during .the Alaskan salmon run. This program have made a veto a useless act, sent a the time the military wants the land. -is made doubly difficult by the incursions stinging message to the territorial legis­ Mr. JONAS. I understand that, but is .of the Japanese high seas fishing fleet. lature. Let me quote from the Gover­ not that a reason why we should make Evidence shows that the Japanese tleet, nor's message: that determination before statehood is although it is cenfined to waters outside It is. at once apparent that this commis­ granted? Why should they be allowed the 3-mile limit and by the Japanese 'Sion is stiU heavily weighted in favor of the to have a referendum on -that? Peace Treaty to waters west of the 175th commercial interests. Other provisions of Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. I would re­ west meridian, has been netting millions ·the bill further emphasize this factor. mind the gentleman that the military of immature salmon spawned in Alaskan The bill provides that the four commer­ now in case of emergency has the right to streams. Scientific evidence has been cial fisheries, members of the present fish­ take land from any State, and they are ·eries board, shall be members of the new submitted by the United States to prove commission. No such provision is made with doing it in some.small areas. the damage the Japanese are causing to regard to the public member of the present Mr. JONAS. They have that right. this great resource. Although I under­ fisheries board, who has represented the rec­ But that does not answer my question. 'Stand recent negotiations between the reational interests. Would it not be better to reserve the mili­ United States and Japan in an effort to The bill further provides that four mem­ tary land :first? find a solution to this problem have bers of the commission sball constitute a Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. This is in­ broken down, this is a matter which must quorum. It permits the four, by unanimous herently a part of Alaska. I think the be settled, whether by negotiation or vote, to car,ry all motions, regulations, reso- committee felt that that should be made ·Iutions, and policy decisions. · other means at the disposal of the Fed­ Most noxious of all, perhaps, is the pro­ crystal clear. That was the thought eral Government. It would be a fool­ Vi$ion which permits members of the com­ throughout all the considerations, and it hardy, I believe, to turn' over the :fish­ mission i~self to define "trapper," "hunter," is now expressed as part of the bill. eries to Alaska so long as this serious "sport fisherman," and other terms used in Mr. WESTLAND. Mr. Chairman, I international problem remains to be set­ the section relating to the appointment of ask unanimous consent to extend my re­ tled. members. marks at this point in the REcoRD. It would thus be possible for four mem­ While rehabilitation of the fishery and bers of the commission to so define these The CHAIRMAN. ·IS there objection the international problem is ample rea­ to the request of the gentleman from terms as to circumscribe the power of the son for continued Federal control, a Governor to appoint or to severely limit his Washington? further reaso:1 is that Alaska has no choice of ap_pointees. There was no objection. competent :fisheries organization which . Mr. WESTLAND. Mr. Chairman, I could cope with this problem. The over The Governor further stated: favor statehood for Alaska. I hope the 200 fish and wildlife employees in Alasl{a _ Aside from this, a governor could, if he House will approve statehood legislation were so inclined, fill every position on the are under United States civil-service commission with commercial fishermen since this session. Ever since coming to Con­ rules and the civil-service-retirement gress I have consistently voted for state­ many commercial fishermen also trap, llunt, hood both in committee and on the :floor program. There is considerable likeli­ and engage in sport fishing. of the House. Others with more elo­ hood that they would prefer to remain Every protection is given to the commercial with fish and wildlife rather than be­ interests in Senate bill 30; the recreational quence than I command .have and will interests are assured of no protection what­ set forth the numerous reasons why come a part of the State program. The 1958 Federal budget for :fish and ever. statehood should be granted and granted And, in addition to its other shortcomings, this year. wildlife for Alaska totaled $1,594,00.0. To the bill makes no provision for representa­ As the Representative of the Congres­ carry on a program in the way the Fed­ tion of the general public who do not engage sional District closest to Alaska, I have a eral Government has done would mean a in hunting, trapping, or fishing, but who, special interest in welcoming the Terri­ considerable burden on Al~ska. Not only nonetheless, have a substantial interest in that but the Wildlife Management Fed­ the conservation of wildlife resources by tory of Alaska as the 49th State of the -commercial fishery interest. And, while this Union. I recognize the importance of .eration at its 1957 convention stressed .the need for more adequate funds for is discomforting at tl;le moment to those the relationship between the ·state of most interested in the recreational phases ot Washington, particularly the Puget fish and wildlife management in Alaska; these resources, in the long I'Un it is likely Sound area and Alaska. .Statehood for Aside from the problem of personnel and to be barmful in the other direction, for it Alaska will, I believe, further this rela­ organization, it would be a heavy burden will almost inevitably provoke reaction that tionship and will add to the many bene­ on Alaskan taxpayers to maintain a fish­ will be detrimental to the interests o! the fits which already accrue to these two eries and wildlife management program commercial fishermen. a,reas. .at the present level, to say nothing of ex­ In addition to the shortcomings which I pending a·dditional funds. have outlined above and which have to Ur past relations with Alaska. The sub­ eause Communists are allegedly power­ ward in our country's destiny is possible. ject has been fully explored by other ful in Hawaii, Alaska is not fit for state­ To deny statehood for Alaska to the speakers and in numerous writings. We hood. We are not debating Hawaii's people of that Territory and the people -are all familiar with the basic facts. admission. Let the Hawaiian case stand of the Nation generally would be a step Let me point out, however, the signifi­ -or fall on its own merits. backward which we can ill afford to take cance of the calendar of events in that Mr. Chairman, we are a proud peo­ today. history. ple-and rightly so. We are proud of Mr. Chairman, this is third oceasion, Alaska, you will recall, was purcased our economic, military, and moral since becoming a Member of this House, in 1867. The next year it became an strength, of our enlightened form of that I have had the privilege of coming incorporated Territory. In 1883 the Su­ government. We are proud of our hard­ .down into this well to address my col­ preme Court, in ex parte Morgan, de­ won and hard-kept liberties, of this leagues on the subject of statehood for fined an incorporated Territory as an mighty Nation, this beacon of the world. Alaska and to urge favorable action by .uinchoate State,-» tbat is, an embryonic Perhaps above all, we are proud of our this body on this legislation. State. In 1912 Congress passed the Or­ .sense of justiee. It is my intention to present as con­ ganic Act confirming Alaska's status as Is it the course of either justice or .clusively as I am able to do the case for an incorporated Territory. ~onsistency for those who so fervently statehood. I shall present it as follows. In other words, the Members of Con­ uphold States rights to deny the right of First, what· is the opposition to state­ gress, when they passed the act of 1912., statehood to their fellow Americans? hood-what are the -arguments advanced must have been aware of the signifi­ Mr. Chairman, let us clear our con­ by the opponents of this legislation; sec­ .cance of confirming Alaska's status. sciences by granting it to them, now . ond, what are the reasons for statehood­ Twenty-nine Territories had previously Mr. O'BRIEN of New York. Mr. is the Territory ready-politically and ec­ been incorporated and afterward blessed Chairman, I yield such time as he may onomically-is it able and qualified to with statehood. How can there be any desire to the gentleman from Colorado .assume the responsibilitj.es of statehood; doubt that the passage of the act of {Mr. ASPINALL]. and third, what will be the outcome for 1912, in the light of previous .exper­ Mr. ASPINALL. Mr. Chairman, it Alaska once statehood has been achieved.. ience, was anything but an implied will come as no surprise to my col­ Let us tak-e them one at a time. First promise of statehood? leagues when I state that I support of all, let me say that the opposition tm Of course we are not absolutely bound wholeheartedly the legislation now be­ statehood stems from those who for by the action of previous Congresses. fore this committee. Years before I be­ economic or political reasons refuse and That is why we are now debating the came .a Member of this great legislative have refused to accept any changes in subject. But surely we must recognize body. I favored the principle of state­ the present status quo of Alaska. They the implied obligation that rests upon hood for the Territory of Alaska and for wish to ~eep the Territory in an indefi­ us. Hawaii as well. My zeal in such cause nite state of what has often been refened And what of our obligation to the has not diminished with the years. In to as modern colonialism. They wish to Alaskans as fellow Americans? There fact, it has grown. I sincerely believe keep the Territory in a ·status where it are in the Territory some .212,50.0 people, that the bill which we presently have is unable to protect itself against econo­ perhaps a few more. About 90 percent before us is a good one and one which mic and political discrimination. are .Alnerican citizens. They come from will .bring about an event which is long Let us analyze, and let us look very every section of the United States, from overdue. carefully at the arguments which are every State of the Union. I feel quite sure that I understand fully advocated by these well-intentioned but It has been implied that these people the position or positions taken by the to me misguided citizens. The~e argu­ are not worthy of statehood. Who is opponents of this legislation. I do not ments can generally be classified into more worthy? The qualities they pos­ question the sincerity of a single one of three principal groupings: F~rst, geog­ sess and have so amply demonstrated trAem-many of them are not only col­ raphy; second, population; third, politi­ are precisely those qualities we profess leagues but my own close personal cal immaturity. Now let us look at these most to admire: The pioneering .spirit, friends as well. arguments individually and see if there the will and ability to carve a civiliza­ My position, simply put, is this: The is any substance, any validity to either tion out of a wilderness, to grasp nature granting of the status of statehood to any or all of these positions. and mold jt to man's desire. These Alaska-advantages to the residents not Geography: The argument is made people are the great adventurei:S of our only .of Alaska but to each and every that the Territory is not contiguous to day, sturdy, independent, se1f-reliant, resident who claims allegiance to this the mainland. Therefore, it should not democratic. ·The average Alaskan has grea.t country of ours--far outweigh any be granted statehood. What a spurious a better-than-average education. He is of the disadvantages or costs that may argument that is. The Constitution of well .r.ead~ he is well traveled. result for the time being to any par­ the United States of America does not But above all he is an American. He ticular group of us or any specific area stipulate that a qualification for state­ is not -an alien. He shares our culture of our Nation. hood is that a State must contiguous to and our customs. And he deserves to Perhaps there may be involved an the borders of one or more of the sister enjoy the privileges that accompany ultimate minor question of locality rep­ States. Indeed, if such were one of the statehood. resentation in this particular body. criterias of statehood, it appears doubt­ The wishes of Alaskans in this respect Perhaps there may be a shift-to my ful that California, and later Oregon are well known. They want full-fiedged way of thinking, a very slight shift, if could have qualified for admission into citizenship. They expressed their desire any-in the political control alinement the Union. In this day and age of elec­ for statehood by a 3-to-2 vote in 1946. ·of the bodies of our Federal Congress. tronics, jets, and satellites, and all of In 1956 the m-argin rose to 2% to 1. In These are the age-old possibilities that the modern paraphernalia, are there .still 1957 Alaska's legislature-both houses­ have been -surrounded by the bringing of some among us who fail to realize that voted unanimously for statehood. Jaew States into the Union. How long Alaska is closer for all practical pur­ Nor are the American people reluctant must unreasoning selfishness be left to poses to the National Capital than were to accept the Alaskans into the Union. block the path of progress-the path Boston or New York at the time the What could be more enthusiastic than of equitable and just treatment to all Union was formed. Furthermore, the 12-to-1 reaction in favor of Alaskan of the citizens of our land? Alaska and the rest of the Union are stat-ehood reported by the 'Ga11up poll Mr. Chairman, these same motives of linked c1osely toget11er 1n a way tbat no this year? Is there a Member of this opposition to equitable treatment for all States were at the time of their admis­ House who, having polled his District, have been with us since the .first patriot sion. I refer to the instantaneous com­ has failed to find a majority of his con­ cried out for the release of the shackles munication by telephone. That did not stituents favoring statehood? which enslaved him. lt is history re­ exist at the time earlier States were ad­ Mr. Chairman, these Alaskans are our peating itself. mitted. Today it is possible to reach any own and deserve to be treated like our Let us make no mistake in our think• city iri. Alaska from any city in the United own. They do not deserve shabby treat­ lng as we make our decisions on this leg­ States and vice versa and converse as ment. Nor do they deserve to be op- islation. All of America watches. All easily .as is done by a local telephone 1958 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 9491 call. Let us, therefore, not fall prey to her own destiny, she will experience a Is that the end result of a citizenry not this fallacious and spurious argument. tremendous increase in her permanent quite ready for statehood-not quite po­ It has never been a requirement in the civilian population. litically mature? How absurd these re­ past and there is no factual reason why The third general classification offal­ marks are. Let me read you section II, it should be so at this time. It is the lacious arguments advanced by the op­ which proclaims the source of govern­ same one which was made at the time ponents of this legislation, is that of ment, as follows: both California and later Oregon sought political immaturity-nonreadiness, or All political power is inherent in the peo· admission into the Union. It is as weak whatever synonyms one wishes to give ple. All government originates with the peo­ now as it was then. to it. This is probably the most absurd ple, is founded upon their will only, and is The second general line of opposition argument of all. The citizens of Alaska instituted solely for the good of the people which I should like to lay to rest once are for a large part emigrants from 1 as a whole. and for all, is that pertaining to popula­ or the other of the 48 States or children Mr. Chairman, is such a declaration of tion or the presupposed lack of it. The of such immigrants. They were em­ rights the achievements of citizens not 1950 census listed Alaska with a popula­ bued with the pioneer spirit of old and yet ready to assume the full responsibili­ tion of 132,000. The latest estimates went to Alaska to overcome obstacle ties and duties of statehood? Mr. Chair­ available as of June 1, 1957 showed Alas­ after obstacle in order to settle the land man, let this document, this historical ka with a population of 209,000 which is and build a decent life for themselves document, if you please, answer once and exclusive of the large but rather transient and their families. They took with for all the fallacious charges of the op­ military personnel. Therefore, in 7 them the community law-abiding spirit ponents of this legislation. This con­ years, Alaska has had an increase of 77,­ which they had themselves assisted in stitution shall ever l:>e a monument not ooo in its civilian population alone. establishing, in perpetuating, and which only to the delegates to this convention, Allow me to remind you, my colleagues, they had practiced in their everyday but to all citizens of Alaska now and in that Alaska has a larger population at living in their home communities in the the future. Such a document is the re­ this time than had 25 of the 35 States States. Many of these people had been sult of the untiring efforts of dedicated which were admitted into the Union leaders at home, active in civic, county, and responsible citizens fully capable of after the original13. Let me back this up and State affairs. Is there any reason administering their own internal affairs. with a few dates and figures: Alabama to believe that they became less respon­ The constitution as drafted by the con­ had a population of slightly above 127,- sible citizens once they had established vention was subsequently approved by the 000 at the time of its admission into the themselves in Alaska? Of course not; voters of the Territory by a vote of 17,- Union in 1819; Arkansas joined the to say otherwise is purely wishful argu­ 477 to 7,180-slightly better than a 2-to-1 Union in 1836 with a population of 52,- mentative thinking. All the evidence is vote. 240; California, admitted in 1850, had to the contrary. They have built com­ In its desire for early statehood, the only 92,527 people; my own State of munities, notwithstanding the difficul­ convention also adopted the Tennessee Colorado, at the time of its admission in ties encountered, which are on a par plan, that is to say, an ordinance which 1876, had approximately an estimated with the services rendered in any similar provides for the immediate election of 150,000; Florida joined in 1845 with size community in any of the 48 States. two Senators and a Congressman from about 72,000. Permit me to continue Allow me to give you further evidence the State of Alaska. The so-called Ten­ this call of the roll of States: Idaho en­ of responsible citizenship on the part of nessee plan was adopted by the electorate tered the Union in 1890 with slightly Alaskans by reminding you of some re­ of Alaska by a vote of 15,011 to 9,556. more than 88,500 persons; Illinois joined cent history. Under legislation enacted I want to call your attention to the fact in 1818 with only 53,211; Indiana came in by the Alaska Legislature in the fall of that Alaskans' adoption of the Tennessee 1816 with slightly under 100,000 popula­ 1955, the citizens of the Territory elected plan was based not on 1 but on 7 his­ tion; Iowa had a population of 102,000 at delegates to a constitutional convention toric precedents. Not only did Tennessee the time of its admission in 1846; Kan­ for the purpose of drafting a constitu­ adopt it, successfully, in 1796, but similar sas, in 1861, joined the Union with tion. Mr. Chairman, the finished prod­ procedure was adopted, in advance of somewhat less than 150,000; Kentucky uct of the convention is one of the out­ action by the Congress, by 6 other great in 1790 had approximately 73,600; standing documents of our times. Let it States representing not only, as in the Louisiana in 1812 had a population of be the am:wer to any statement of non­ case of Tennessee, the South, but the 76,556; Michigan was admitted into the readiness or of political immaturity. Middle West, the Prairie States, and the Union in 1837 with fewer than 200,000·; It is a pi·ofound statement of rededica­ Far ·west. Those 6 States which, in Minnesota entered into the sisterhood tion to the democratic way of life. It is addition to Tennessee, established that of States in 1858 with 123,000; Mis­ my thinking that it will go into our his­ fine precedent which Alaslmns were wise sissippi came in with less than 75,000 tory as one of the outstanding constitu­ enough to follow, were-and I give them in 1817; Missouri in 1821 brought only tional documents of the 20th century. in chronological order-Michigan, Iowa, 66,586 into the Union; Montana admitted This historical document is included in California, Minnesota, Oregon, and in 1889, had a population of almost 143,- the committee report, starting on page Kansas. The Representatives of those 000; Nebraska came into the Union in 49, and I urge all of my colleagues to read seven great States should be flattered 1867 with 28,841 inhabitants; Nevada in it. I should like to quote here and now and proud that their States set so fine 1864 had only 11,000; North Dakota en­ the preamble to the constitutio:Q. of the an example and that the ingenuity, en­ tered in 1889 with 190,000; Ohio had State of Alaska: terprise, and pioneering spirit of Alaskans slightly above 45,000 at the time of its We the people of Alaska, grateful to God revived that procedure a century later admission in 1803; Oregon added 52,465 and to those who founded our Nation and and put it to use. Accordingly, in 1956, to our national population when it came pioneered this great land, in order to se­ candidates for such offices were nomi­ into the Union in 1859; Tennessee had a cure and transmit to succeeding generations nated by the respective political parties population of approximately 60,000 at the our heritage of political, civil, and religious time of its admission in 1796; Vermont liberty within the Union of States, do ordain and were elected in the general election. in 1791 brought in 85,425 new citizens; and establish this constitution for the State They have been knocking on the door of and, Wyoming added 62,555 people to of Alaska. congress seeking admission since Janu­ ary of 1957. Is this the action of politi­ the national population at the time of its I should like further to read sections admission into the Union in 1890. cally immature people? Or is it not I and II of the declaration of rights of rather the accomplishment of qualified, In practically each and every instance, the constitution of the State of Alaska: dedicated, and capable citizens eager and the various States were subjected to a Section I stipulates: desirous of administering their own des­ substantial increase in population within This constitution is dedicated to the prin­ tiny. I am of the belief that the steps a few years after having achieved state­ ciples that all persons have a natural right taken by her citizens in the recent past hood. There is no substance to the be­ to life, liberty, the pursuit of happiness, and answer adequately the question, ''Is the lief that the Alaska story will be any the enjoyment of the rewards of their own in­ dustry; that all persons are· equal and en­ Territory ready, able, and qualified to different. On the contrary, evidence titled to equal rights, opportunities, and assume the responsibilities of state­ would lndicate that once Alaska has ob­ protection under the law; and that all per· hood?'' The answer is ''Yes." tained statehood, and thus, political and sons have corresponding obligations to the I hope that in this first part of my economic independence, with control of people and to the States. address, I have _not only replied to ~he 9492 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE May 26 arguments of the opponents of state· ceeding legislatures of the Territory have the reasons and factors why Alaskans hood, but far more important indeed, petitioned the Congress, and the execu­ have earned their entitlement to the that I have also adequately shown that tive branch, to grant it control over its status of Statehood. In these closing the citizens of Alaska have earned and resources, notably the transfer of its moments, I should like to advise why I deserve the right to manage and adminis· fisheries to territorial jurisdiction. This hold the belief that statehood will be ter their own internal affairs. has not been achieved. Control and beneficial not only to Alaska and its In this second portion of my presenta· management of its wildlife. This has residents but to our Nation as a whole. tion of the case for statehood, I should not been achieved. Mr. Chairman, I I sincerely believe that once statehood like to point out the problems and the could cite additional instances of similar has been achieved there will be a tre­ discrimination to which the Territory disregard for the wishes of the Territory. mendous upswing in the population of has been subjected and why statehood In my remaining moments, I should the area-a population increase of a is the answer to resolve such difficulties. like to bring to the attention of my col­ permanent nature. With the status of In signing the treaty of cession with leagues probably the most fiagrant of the colonialism-be it intentional or re­ Czarist Russia some 90 years ago our discriminations which have been prac· sultant-abolished, there will be an in­ Government made a specific pledge to the ticed against the Territory and its citi­ crease in capital investment which will citizens of Alaska "the inhibitants shall zens by the Federal Government. I have permit and accelerate the growth of the . be admitted to the enjoyment of all the reference to the field of transportation. economic development of Alaska. The rights, advantages, and immunities of In 1920 Congress enacted the Merchant area is blessed with tremendous poten­ citizens of the United States." Mr. Marine Act, better-known as the Jones tial in natural resources, timber, Chairman, this pledge was made by the Act. The purpose of the Jones Act was minerals, oil, and so forth. The develop­ Government of the United States of to assist the shipbuilding and allied in­ ment of Alaska's natural resources will , America on March 30, 1867, 91 years ago. dustries. However, it discriminated get additional impetus from statehood. Mr. Chairman, has our country, has our against the Territory by prohibiting the Of that, I am convinced. As Alaska's Government lived up to this pledge? shipment to Alaska of any goods or prod­ population increases, and industry ex· Let me answer it with an emphatic "No." ucts aboard foreign ships, specifically pands there will be an ever-greater need Allow me to quote here from the excel­ Canadian vessels, and authorized only for electric power. As Alaska becomes lent presentation made before our com· United States bottoms to take on ship­ additionally self-sufficient in food pro· mittee by a former Governor of Alaska, ment destined for Alaska. This was, duction, there will be, consequently, and now Senator-elect from the Terri· naturally, a boom to Seattle and its citi­ an expansion in related development. tory, the Honorable Ernest Gruening. zens, but it tripled the cost to the citi· Alaska's water and power resources are Governor Gruening quite adequately and zens of Alaska. The enactment of the enormous. Among its natural resources correctly analyzed the approach and at· Jones Act resulted in the complete elimi­ are found: Gold, lead, tin, antimony, titude of the Federal Government in its nation of competition. Consequently, mercury, copper, platinum, silver, coal, relationship toward the Territory when terminal charges, loading and unloading iron, oil shales, petroleum. I believe it he stated before our committee: charges, freight charges, and so forth, significant to note in passing that Alaska Now, those 90 years under the American were increased beyond all logical reason­ provides us with almost 95 percent of our flag have represented in the relation of the ing. It caused hardship and discrimina· total domestic tin production-certainly, Federal Government to Alaska a period of tion in a thousand and one ways against an important mineral in these critical neglect and indifference, and worse, even the residents of the Territory in the days. discrimination, without precedent or parallel The benefits to be acquired by granting in this history of our country. shipment of material for the economic development of Alaska; in the shipment statehood to Alaska will naturally fiow Is that a record to be proud of, Mr. of merchandise, food products, and other · primarily to Alaska and its citizens. Chairman? We hear frequent reference commodities necessary and essential to However, such benefits must necessarily in this Chamber to the shameful and de· the existence, progress, and development result in like benefits to every nook and grading treatment which certain foreign of the people of the territory. Briefiy cranny of the Union. countries have at one time or another and in a nutshell, the residents of Of greater immediate value, Mr. adopted and practiced in their relation· Alaska-United States citizens all-were Chairman, and of far greater signifi- . ship with their overseas territorial pos· being penalized for living in Alaska. cance to mankind is the fact that the sessions. Such conduct, such indiffer· Another type of discrimination to entire world will witness our action here ence, such discrimination, such abuse is which the Territory has been subjected in approving this legislation. It will loudly deplored. Yet, in many respects to until fairly recently was under the clearly demonstrate to all that the we, ourselves, have had an equally dis· provisions of the Federal-Aid Highways United States of America believes in tasteful and shameful record in our Act. Until the 84th Congress took cor­ self-determination and in self-govern­ treatment and attitude toward the Ter.. rective steps, and included Alaska within ment. To disapprove this legislation at ritory of Alaska. I wish to suggest to my the provisions of the bill, the Territory this time is my way of thinking a dan­ colleagues that they read, and read with had again and again been denied the gerous course. · Mr. Chairman, in closing care, Governor Gruening's excellent tes­ privileges and benefits accorded to the I should like to repeat the statement timony in the hearings held before our States of the Union by the Federal Gov­ which I made in 1955 during the con­ committee on this legislation. ernment. Yes, and I regret very much sideration of similar legislation: "Grant­ Briefly, permit me to point out some to say this, but such discrimination has ing self-government and encouraging of the more flagrant abuses to which the been extended into the air age as well. self-government is consistent with our Territory of Alaska has been subjected. One of the foreign airlines fiying from history and our traditions." I urge the Alaska was purchased from Russia in Copenhagen to Tokyo stops at Anchor­ membership of this House not only to 1867. Yet it was not until 1884-17 age. Alaskans, however, are forbidden support favorably the passage of the years later, mind you-that enlightened to embark or debark. Alaska statehood bill, but to do so by recognition was given to Alaska, and the an overwhelming vote. An additional discrimination which Mr. Organic Act of 1884 was enacted by Con· has been practiced against the Territory O'BRIEN of New York. Mr. gress. It was not until 1906 that the Chairman, I yield 1 minute to the gen­ is that relative to the land situation. tleman from Oregon [Mr. ULLMAN]. Territory was authorized to have a dele· Under the Organic Act, Alaskans are gate-nonvoting-in Congress. It was Mr. ULLMAN. Mr. Chairman, next prohibited from enacting any land laws. year the State of Oregon, whose Second not until 1912 that Congress gave the All determinations in such respects are Territory some semblance of self-Gov­ District I have the honor to represent made by the Federal Government and will celebrate the lOOth anniversary of ernment in enacting a new Organic Act. its authorized agencies. I have the firm It was an improvement over the unwork­ its statehood. The citizens of my State able act of 1884, but as Governor Gruen­ conviction that the various discrimina­ look back with pride over that 100 years, ing so aptly described it in our hearings: tions just mentioned will be corrected by for we feel that we have had an oppor­ the granting of statehood to the Terri- tunity to fully share in the obligations It is notable chiefly for the things it for­ tory. . bade and forbids Alaskans to do. and privileges which attend the citizens Mr. Chairman, I have presented my of any of the States. ¥r. Chairman, the first legislature of reply to the arguments of the opponents Acquired by treaty in 1867 and incor­ the Territory of Alaska in 1913 and suc· of statehood's charges. I have presented porated as a Territory the next year. 1958 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 9493 Alaska has remained virtually a colonial remain 1n the ceded territory, they, with the Of course, if I thought Alaska would possession for 90 years. Its citizens exception of uncivilized native tribes, shall never have any more populatio~ than it be admitted to the enjoyment of all the have enjoyed all the obligations of state­ rights, advantages, and immunities of citi· has now, I would not vote for its admis­ hood but have consistently been denied zens of the United States and shall be main· sion as a State. But all the evidence the enjoyment of its privileges for the ta1ned and protected 1n the free enjoyment shows that it has greater prospects for last 90 years. of their liberty, property, and religion. growth than any territory over which the American flag has flown. It has Mr. Chairman, there are a number of Let me repeat the pertinent words of similarities that easily come to mind enormous resources, and we may be sure when we compare Oregon's fight for that provision: that they will be developed when Alaska statehood with the admirable e:tiort be­ The inhabitants shall be admitted to the has statehood and is free of the hamper­ enjoyment of all the rights, advantages, and ing restrictions which unfortunately ing made by Alaska today. Certainly immunities o;f citizens of the United States. the attitude of many toward the ad­ exist under our territorial system. I mission of the State of Oregon into the Is there any possible way in which this firmly believe that Alaska can support Union was closely analogous to the atti­ promise can be fulfilled other than to many millions of people and will do so tude expressed by many of my colleagues grant Alaska its long desired statehood? if we make its development possible. today with regard to the admission of With commendable patience Alaskans Because of the restrictions to which I Alaska. As we read the debates that and their representatives have waited for have referred, the only way we can do so preceded the admission of Oregon, we the fulfillment of this promise. They is to admit it to statehood. find again and again the same arguments have drawn up an admirable constitution But while physical resources are im­ advanced against the aclimate of Alaska and tinent of North America, but it has been Constitution so that the existing States its distant location, I have very serious adjacent to the United States and there can have a voice in it, and not leave it doubts as to whether or not it will ever was almost the certain prospect that up to a simple majority vote of the Mem­ be populated by American people. They they would become a component part of bers of the House and the Senate here. now have to pay premium prices to get the land area of the United States, Why, even to override a veto of the Presi­ people to go there to work. Many of which up to this time has been an en­ dent it requires a two-thirds vote of both those who go to Alaska go there for some tire, unbroken land area. Houses and certainly that is not as im­ special purpose, and return to their It is extremely improbable that we portant a matter as taking in a new homes when that purpose has been will have the opportunity to admit any State. It requires the same majority to accomplished. · new State which would flll this descrip-:o amend the Constitution and this question Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. Mr. Chair­ tion. It would have to come from Can­ of Alaskan statehood·certainly is as im­ man, I yield such time as she may desire ada on the north or Mexico in the south­ portant as many of the amendments to to the gentlewoman from New Jersey west. So far as Alaska and Hawaii are the Constitution which have been [Mrs. DWYER]. . concerned, Canada lies between our adopted. Many learned, distinguished, Mrs. DWYER. Mr. Chairman, 91 country and Alaska, and the Pacific and studious Members have spoken on years ago, in the treaty of cession be­ Ocean between our country and the the facts involved in this bill. Almost tween the United States and Russia: Hawaiian Islands. anything that· could be said now would between the administration of President The admission of a new State is a be repetitious, of course. Andrew Johnson and Tsar Alexander II matter of the greatest concern to every But look at the popuiation of Alaska of Russia, a solemn pledge was made citiz~n of the United States. The ad­ as compared with the population.in the concerning the future status of the citi­ mission of a State is an irrevocable act. existing States of this Union. The four zenry of what had been called Russian· No State has ever been put out of the smallest States of this couritry, insofar America and thenceforth was to be called Union, and no provision has been made as population is concerned, have larger Alaska. for such action. A State cannot volun­ populations today than Alaska has, and Article III of the treaty declared: tarily separate itself from the Union. so does every State for that matter. MY. The inhabitants • • • shall be admitted The Confederate States undertook to own home county, De~alb County, in the to the enjoyment of all the rights, advan­ secede during the War Between the State of Georgia, has more people in it. tages, and immunities of citizens of the States, but were defeated, which estab­ than the entire Territory of Alaska. We United States. lished the fact that a State cannot se­ have there some 225,000 people now. MY. Ninety-one years have passed since cede. So, once in the Union, always in. home District has more than four times that promise was made. It awaits ful ... 1958 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE fillment. Our opportunity to fulfill it, issue of statehood for that great North­ United Nations--pledges the signatories, to live up to that nearly century-old ·west Territory. and I quote "to develop self-government, commitment is here and now. In the 1956 platforms the two major to take due account of the political as­ Why have we not done it before? The parties again went on record. This time pirations of the peoples.'' Alaskans have sought its fulfillment re­ both parties' planks expressed them· Well, that treaty was signed by the peatedly. The first Alaskan statehood selves as favoring immediate state· United States 13 years ago. We have not bill was introduced in 1916 by its then hood. Please note the adjective "imme· yet granted self-government to the peo­ Delegate, the Honorable James Wicker­ diate." It cannot mean less than action ple of Alaska. We have not yet taken sham. in the 85th Congress--the Congress im· due account of the political aspirations Statehood bills have been introduced mediately following. The time for that of the people of Alaska, which we know in every Congress for the last 15 years. action is here and now. to be statehood. The pledge in the They have invariably had favorable The 1956 Republican platform plank, United Nations Charter of 1945 is as yet committee reports after extensive hear­ asking for immediate statehood, con­ unfulfilled in regard to Alaska. ings. tained the additional clause, recognizing There is an even more recent treaty In 1946 the people of Alaska voted that the fact that adequate provision for de­ commitment, similar in character and they wanted statehood. They declared fense requirements must be made. Aware purpose. In the Pacific charter signed themselves, at a referendum in their gen­ of the immense importance of Alaska to in 1954, the United States, along with eral election, in October of that year. the national defense, President Eisen­ other signatories, pledged itself to up­ The referendum had been provided by hower wanted to make certain that hold the principle of equal rights and the previous Territorial legislature in statehood would in no way-under pos­ self-determination of p~oples. Well, 1945. The people of Alaska voted for sibly changed conditions--limit the De­ obviously, equal rights and self-determi­ statehood in a ratio of about three to two. fense Department's utilization of Alaska. nation in the case of Alaska mean state .. Since that time we have had the addi­ So he proposed that the northern and hood. tiona! commitments of both -major western part of Alaska, a sparsely in­ Let us recall that the United States parties. In the 1952 platforms, .both the habited area of about 175,000 square was not merely a signator of the Pacific Republican and Democratic Parties miles-a little less than half of Alaska's charter. The United States was the said: "We favor statehood." The Demo­ total extent-be designated in the leader in proposing it and securing the cratic Party's plank said "We favor im­ Alaska Statehood bill as an area which­ assent of the other signatory nations. mediate statehood.'' The Republican if and when military necessity required Now, the Pacific Charter goes even fur­ Party's plank said "We favor statehood it-could be withdrawn wholly or in ther than is indicated in the pledge that for Alaska under an equitable enabling part for defense purposes. It does not I ha·1e quoted from it, namely, "to up .. act." seem likely that much of this area will hold the principle of equal tights and This language was in no sense a hedge be utilized, since the Defense Depart­ self -determination." It pledges that the or a weakening qualification. On the ment has already acquired whatever signatories will do more than merely up­ contrary. There had been considerable acreage it feels is needed. But in any hold the principle, and are-and I criticism in Alaska and elsewhere that event, the provision is in the Alaska quote-"prepared to continue taking ac­ previous versions of Alaska statehood Statehood bill before us. It has been tive measures to insure conditions favor­ readily accepted by the people of Alaska, able to orderly achievement of the fore­ bills had retafned too much Federal con­ who were keenly alive to the vital stra­ trol of the proposed State. Objection going purposes"-that is to say, equal tegic importance cf Alaska long before rights and self-determination. We have had been raised to the retention of too it was fully appreciated by the Federal much land by the Federal Gov.ernment. Government, and who are proud of not yet carried out that pledge in the That has been one of Ala.ska's long­ Alaska's service as a bulwark of defense case of Alaska statehood. standing and justified grievances, that for the North American Continent. The Now, there is a special, contemporary acquisition of land by private ownership proposal has been thoroughly discussed significance attaching to that treaty has-as a result of Federal law and Fed­ with Department of Defense officials in with Russia. For we are deeply engaged eral regulations-been beset by almost Congressional committee hearings, and in a conflict with the present rulers of insuperable difficulties. At present 99 has their full approval. So that the Russia. It is a conflict of ideas and percent of Alaska is in Federal owner­ stipulation in the additional clause in ideals. It is an all-out effort to win over ship. So the words "under an equitable the 1956 Republican platform plank the neutral, the uncommitted peoples of enabling act," added to the 1952 Repub­ favoring Alaskan statehood, which calls the world, and to retain and maintain lican plank favoring statehood, were de­ for adequate provision for defense re­ the confidence of the free nations in our signed to improve and strengthen future quirements, has been fully met. leadership. We have valid cause to be­ drafts of Alaskan statehood bills. That That leaves us with the clear duty of lieve, and to act on the assumption, that was accomplished. Beginning in 1953, fulfilling both the specific pledge in the the word of the present inmates of the Alaska statehood bills were equitable. treaty with Russia of 91 years ago, and Kremlin is not to be trusted. How often 'rhey have made-and the bill before us the specific current platform commit­ have we had reason to point out the lack makes-a substantial portion of the pub­ ments of both major parties. What of Russian good faith since the estab· lic domain available to the State of justification can there be for not carry- ­ lishment of the Soviets and that their Alaska, although the F'ederal Govern­ ing out these pledges, past and present? commitments have not been carried out. ment still retains a greater portion. Let me devote a moment to the oldest The lack of trust in Russian promises is Nevertheless, action looking toward of these _pledges. Let me point out that basic to our present policy of caution in making statehood a reality, though sev­ a treaty, once ratified and in effect, is dealing with the masters of that police eral times attempted, failed in the years the highest law of the land. In this state. It underlies our approach to the between 1953 and now. case, the treaty with Russia has the neutrals, indeed, to all nations, to whom It failed largely because of the ill­ additional weight of having been ap­ we would make clear the total difference advised move to tie the Alaska and proved not merely by the United States between the intent and purpose of the Hawaii bills into one package. Whatever Senate-according to constitutional pro­ free world for which we strive and for­ may be one's views on the desirability of cedure, in 1867-but also by the House which we seek to speak, and the intent statehood for either Alaska or Hawaii­ of Representatives in the following year, and purpose of the totalitarian impe· 1868, when the House appropriated the rialists, who, whatever may be their be­ and there are obviously differences of guiling promises and persuasive propa­ opinion on each-it seems clear to me $7,200,000 required in payment for our great new acquisition. ganda, cannot be depended upon to car· that the case of each should stand or fall l'Y out their agreements. on its own merit. The issue of one should In addition to this 91-year-old unful­ filled Alaska Treaty pledge, are more Can we, therefore, afford-in justice not be confused or complicated by tying 1·ecent treaties, to which the United to ourselves and to the righteous cause it up with the other. Each should have States is committed. we espouse throughout the world-to its day in court-or, perhaps, I should The United Nations Charter, in article breach any longer our solemn commit- say its day in Congress. But we are '73-which deals with non-self-governing ment to the Russian Government 91 today dealing with Alaska, anq I propose territories, and that includes Alaska, years ago? True, that government, that to devote my remarks to A,laska, to the which must make annual reports to the 1·egime and its successors passed from 9496 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE May 26 the stage of history a third of a century The Clerk called the roll, and the fol- me about that letter. He said it was a ago as a result of the Bolshevik revo­ lowing Members failed to answer to their ···red herring." I did not appreciate that lution. But it is to the Americans who names: · · very much. He said: · · have gone to Alaska during the 91 years [Roll No. 74] That letter makes two points which are~ in that Alaska has been under our flag, that Andrews Garmatz Patterson my opinion, meant to smear the cause of Ashley Gary Philbin statehood with a giveaway label. This Is a validation of that pledge is due. It is Auchincloss with them, who went westward as Barden g~~~~han ~~~~~ red herring out of the creel of an avowed Americans have throughout our history, Barrett Grant Prouty opponent of stat~hood, and I believe should the pioneers who conquered the wilder­ Bass, N.H. Gray Radwan be recognized as a red herring and treated Bass, Tenn. Gregory Reece, Tenn. .as such. ness of the last frontier-and live there Becker Gross Riley today-that we must keep faith. Bentley Gubser Robeson, Va. I did not hear the statement but I Because of the limitations of time, I Blatnik Hemph111 Robison, N.Y. heard about it, so I came back in here Boggs Henderson Rogers, Mass. cannot go into the many other positive Brooks, La. HUlings Sadlak later in the afternoon and asked the reasons why statehood for Alaska is de­ Buckley Holifield Saund gentleman to yield. He yielded and I sirable and necessary-reasons eco­ l3yrd Jackson Scott, N.C. asked him if he questioned the accu­ Byrnes, Wis. James Scott, Pa. _nomic, social, political, military; rea­ Carnahan Jenkins Seely-Brown racy of the letter. He said that he ques­ sons material and spiritual; nor to re­ Chelf Jennings Selden tioned the accuracy of the giveaway fute some of the threadbare arguments Christopher Judd Shelley part of my letter. Then I asked him to Clark Kearney Sheppard advanced in opposition by the opponents Colmer Kilburn Shuford yield further and he would not yield of statehood. I will leav-e that to those Cooley Knutson Siler any more. of my colleagues who know that our Corbett LeCompte Spence This "red herring" business, I do not Nation has grown to greatness from a Coudert Lennon Staggers Curtis, Mo. Lesinski Steed know what it means. I do seem to thin fringe of States along the Atlantic Dawson, Dl. McCarthy Taylor -recall that a very prominent statesman seaboard, of which my State of New Dies Mcintosh Teague, Tex. here a few years ago used that expres­ Jersey was one, because it admitted new Dooley Mahon Teller Dowdy Marshall Trimble sion. When the facts were known and states, extended the blessings of equal­ Doyle May Udall the chips were down, the gentleman was ity and democracy to them, and carried Eberharter · Merrow Van Zandt .very much embarrassed by the use of the American idea ever forward, on­ Engle · Miller, Cali!. Watts that expression. I think, perhaps, it Evins Morano Wharton ward, and westward. Farbstein Morris Widnall will be true of the gentleman from I am concerned-and therefore con­ Fino Norrell Wier Pennsylvania. The only. definition I fine my remarlrs to just one aspect of Fogarty O'Hara, Minn. Williams, Miss. know of "red herring'~ is that when a Forand Osmers Winstead this issue:.._that the greatness of our Fulton Passman Zelenko fellow gets into an argument and beloved country be not impaired by our reaches a point where he does not know not living up to our professions. Accordingly the Committee rose; and the answer-then he yells "red herring" I am concerned that our national con­ the Speaker having resumed the chair, as loud as he can yell thinking that that science shall be clear. Mr. MILLS, Chairman of the Committee will settle the argument. Now, I want I am concerned that our Nation's of the Whole House on the State of the to repeat what I said in that letter, and repute in the eyes of our own people­ Union, reported that that Committee it is documented, and I have the evi­ who overwhelmingly favor statehood, having had under consideration the bill dence right here. I said that this was and whom we are here to represent-­ H. R. 7999, and finding itself without a the greatest giveaway . of natural re­ shall not suffer. quorum, he had directed the roll to be sources in the history of this country­ I am concerned lest the faith of all called, when 310 Members responded to and it is. In the first place, it gives to mankind in us be diminished by con­ their names, a quorum, and he submitted this State 182 million acres of land that tinued avoidance of commitments sol­ herewith the names of the absentees to belong to all the people of the United emnly entered upon; by failure to keep be spread upon the Journal. States. I went back to the last ten our pledges; by being untrue to all that The Committee resumed its sitting. States that have been admitted to the is the most basic in the past perform­ The CHAIRMAN. The gentleman Union. I have here photostatic copies ance and promise of American life. from Virginia [Mr. SMITH] has been rec­ of the a.cts making them States. All of That is why I have specifically called ognized for 60 minutes. those ten States together were granted attention to those explicit and indelible Mr. SMITH of Virginia. Mr. Chair­ less than one-third the land that is pledges in treaties, old and recent, in man, statehood. It is a fine-sounding granted in this bill to the Territory of the platforms of both political parties, word. A great many of my constituents Alaska. I examined those bills and and, no less important-in the promise and I expect a great many of yours have fou~d that they invariably reserved to ever implicit in our great American been puzzled to know why I could oppose the people of the United States, to whom heritage. such an idealistic idea as statehood for it belongs, all of the oil, gas and mineral Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. Mr. anybody. It is a little difficult to explain rights in the lands granted to the States. Chairman, I yield 5 minutes to the gen­ because you do not have time to make Much land was granted, it is true, 52 an hour's speech to each one of your million acres was granted· to these ten tleman frOI!l Illinois [Mr. VURSELL]. constituents. They do not know what is Mr. VURSELL. Mr. Chairman, I ask States as against 182 million acres to in this bill and what is not in it. That the State of Alaska. But, these former unanimous consent to p~oceed out of is what I want to talk to the House acts invariably reserved, and quite prop­ order, to revise and extend my remarks, about today. erly so, the mineral resources. and that my remarks appear in the Statehood. Yes, statehood. It is won­ That is a policy that this Congresses­ RECORD at the close of debate today. derful. But when you get down to writ­ tablished, and if you will look into the Th~ CHAIRMAN. Is there objection ing a statehood bill then you want to United States Code in the sections deal­ to the request of the gentleman from examine this thing and look at it and see ing with public lands and the grant of Illinois? what is in it. public lands and the sections dealing There was no objection. There are so many compelling reasons with mineral rights, you will find in­ Mr. O'BRIEN of New York. Mr. why statehood should not be granted to variably this Congress has in granting Chairman, I yield 60 minutes to the the frozen areas of Alaska that it is diffi­ any land, reserved to the people of the gentleman from Virginia [Mr. SMITH]. cult for me to know where to start. I United States, to whom it belonged, the Mr. HALEY. Mr. Chairman, I make want to say to the Committee that I will mineral resources which may be found the point of order that there is no quo­ try to be as brief as I can. It is a big there. I made that statement-that this subject, and I will try not to consume bill did not reserve those rights. If you rum present. over 30 of my 60 minutes. The CHAIRMAN (Mr. ALBERT). The will examine the bill, · you will find on I think I will start with the letter I sent page 11, at line 10,· language that has Chair will count. [After counting.] to the membership some weeks ago on Seventy-six Members are present. not a never been found in any of the state­ quorum. this subject. I do that because the gen­ hood . bills heretofore because in that tleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. SAYLOR] language the bill specifically grants to The Clerk will call the roll. in his remarks the other day took off on the State of Alaska all of the mineral -

1958 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD~ - HOUSE !}497 rights in the lands granted, mineral Mr. SMITH of Virginia. I thank the some of us get the benefit of it; I would rights that belong to your constituents gentleman for his contribution. I want rather keep what we have. and mine, to the taxpayers of the United to deal with that point right now. There is a list of all these minerals states. This is the first time that that Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. Mr. Chair­ that have been discovered up there, and has ever happened in the history of man, will the gentleman yield? the gentleman from Pennsylvania said statehood bilL That is new language Mr. SMITH of Virginia. Would the that we can do nothing about this be­ not found in any other bill and not gentleman wait until I deal with this cause it would take so long to survey all found in previous Alaskan statehood first, and then I will -yield. these grants that we give away and bills. Then there is another thing that I was intrigued by this peculiar lan­ that it would cost $121 million to make I call the gimmick in the bill. My guage, because I got all of the old state~ the survey. That is taken care of in the friend, the gentleman fro~ Pennsyl­ hood bills and the old Alaska statehood bill, if you notice. How many of you vania, took exception to the term "gim­ bills and examined them, and I was in­ have studied this bill carefully? The mick." Well, I feel about the word trigued by the fact that it is an unprece­ surveying business is taken care of like ''gimmick" like I feel about the words dented thing to grant all the mineral these other gimmicks in there; it states ''red herring." I do no~ know exact!Y rights that belong to our constituents to that when the State of Alaska chooses what ·it means, but it sort of sounds like the State; and, second, that it gave them land, that then the Secretary of the In­ a dirty word-and that is what I in­ authority to select them anywhere they terior, if you please, shall make the sur­ tended it to sound like. This bill not wanted to, all over the area, in plots of vey and give them a pat~nt-all at the only provides for all the giveaways that 5,000 acres. So I made some inquiry expense of your constituents and mine. I told you about, and neither the gen­ about what minerals had been discovered I wonder, and I know my good col­ tleman from Pennsylvania or any other up there. I find in one of the articles leagues and friends here in this body Member of this House can deny the ac­ that appeared in Life magazine, in which look on me as a little too reactionary curacy of any statement found in my that publication took a dim view of my and backward, but I often wonder, my letter. position in this matter, the following: friends-and I have friends in this It provides in that bill . not only this Along with its great timberland and fish­ body-when we are going to wake up to 182 millio.n acres, but the State of ing grounds, its na~ural endowments pro­ what has always seemed to me to be Alaska is given the right for 25 years to vide Alaska with oilfl.elds which may be of our fundamental duty he!:e, and that is make their selection. They can select Texan magnitude, 31 of the 33 vital minerals on the United States strategic list, much good to look after and protect and preserve . it anywhere they want to except mili­ farming land and some impressive intenia­ the rights of the 48 States of this Union. tary reservations. They have 25 years tional trading prospects. Do not give this stuff away. in which to do it. They have this other Now, I started to say-and you know language in the bill which has never oc­ So I inquired of the Library of Con­ I am not quarreling with this commit­ curred in any statehood bill at any time gress what we could find out about the tee because some of my best friends are before in the history of this country. mineral resources there, and I have a on this committee and it is a very fine That provision is that they can, in se­ letter here and a whole bundle of maps committee and it has done a lot of work lecting the 182 million acres, select it and repo~·ts from the Bureau of Mines, on this subject of graciously and gen­ anywhere they want, in little parcels not all of which are too big for me to go into erously admitting other States to the less than 5,000 and some acres per par­ at this particular time, in view of the Union, but the best reason that I know cel. So that they are put in a very fa­ brief time that ·I have. The Library .of of outside of a few other reasons why vorable position where all they have to Congress say in the letter: we should not grant statehood to Alaska do is wait until a valuable mineral or After making an examination of these is that this subject has been before the oil deposit is discovered anywhere in things- Congress session after session, Congress that vast area of Alaska and then take And here al'e the things that are being after Congress, year after year. We 5,000 acres here and 5,000 acres there found, they say- brought it up here and we have United States Senate gentleman yield? nails down this proposition that those where great and momentous problems Mr. SMITH of Virginia. I yield. who are looking for Alaskan statehood of this country are often decided by a Mr. JONAS. Much has been said in anticipate we are going to have other vote of l or 2 in that . body where 4 debate about the dilution of the powers debates of this kind. I do not know Senators may completely change the of the State by reason of the extra rep­ which Territory they have in mind first, balance of power and the course of leg­ resentation here in the House and in but I am sure i:t will be one. Section 19 islation in this Nation. I wonder if we the other body. But, if this point has reads: been made, I have not heard it and I have given ·serious enough thought to SEc. 19. The first paragraph of sect!on 2 of that. My State does not want to lose wonder if the gentleman would comment the Federal Reserve Act (38 Stat. 251> is any representatives. It may be selfish. on the advisability of giving a State amended by striking out the last sentence It may be political, but we do not want with that small population an equal thereof and inserting in lieu of such sentence to lose any. Of course, there have been voice in determining who might become the following: "When the State of Alaska or a couple of gentlemen who have said President of the United States with the any State is hereafter admitted to the Union they would give up their seats. Perhaps, l'epresentatives here from, let us say, the the Federal Reserve districts shall be read­ State of Virginia or the State of New justed by the Board of Governors of the Fed· they would, I do not doubt them. But, eral Reserve System in such manner as to I do not believe that their people are York in case the election of a President include such State." going to want to give up any of their is thrown into the House of Represent­ seats. You know when we get these atives. Mr. SMITH of Virginia. I thank the seats in the Congress, there is nothing . Mr. SMITH of Virginia. Of course gentleman. I overlooked mentioning permanent about them. They get a the State of Virginia, which has been that. The obvious reason is that they crack at us every 2 years. When we are interested in constitutional matters from will not have to bother with the Federal gone, maybe those States will want the foundation of our Government iS Reserve Act when they admit Hawaii, somebody else to take our places. I do fully alert to that question. What Guam, the Virgin Islands, and Puerto not think the people of those States are amazes me is that the great State of Rico. going to want their representation here New York, with 15 million population, Mr. ROGERS of Texas. I wonder diminished. I do not know how many would be willing to put itself on an what the gentleman would think about of you have read these figures, which equivalent basis with Alaska, with 80,000 this, if Venezuela should decide to be­ were sent to you by the gentleman from population, in a situation which you come a part of the United States and New York [Mr. PILLION]. But, I have mentioned. I tha.nk the gentleman for have a referendum offering themselves gone over them pretty carefully. The his contribution. to the United States and saying, "We average increase in population since Now the question comes, Do the people want to become a State." What would 1950 per State has been 13 percent. Do of Alaska want it, and that will con­ be the answer of the United States and yoU- know that as- of the p:resent time, clude my statement. You have heard this Congress if they should permit Alas­ the estimated-population State by State the gentleman from Nebraska, Dr. ka to come in as a State at the present shows that some 12 or 15 States have MILLER, who has been most fair and increased in population less than 5 per­ considerate about this whole situation, time? cent and that 3 of those States have de­ tell you about his poll, so I will not Mr. SMITH of Virginia. I think we creased in population? Those three repeat that except for thQ.$e who may would have a lot of folks crying about States whose population has decreased not have heard his statement, when he how we c~mld not exclude anybody; how and who are bound to lose, if we do this said that he had a poll taken by the it would not be neighborly and it would thing, I do not think would be so anx­ newspapers and radios of Alaska which not be nice if we do not take care of all ious to be put in any more difficult posi­ asked the question: "Do you want im­ these folks who would like to become a. tion. I think those Members who have mediate statehood?" The result of that part of the United States. CIV--598 !>500 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE May 26 Mr. THOMSON of Wyoming. Refer­ day, and it would have saved me a good will not have the time to read it all, but ring to the granting of minerals within deal of time today had he done so, but it says in part: the public lands to other States, I be­ he declined; and I think I will give him Alaska needs a 10-year moratorium on the lieve there is a technicality tha't should the same kind of treatment today. statehood ·issue, which is a political foot­ be cleared up. I know as a fact that the Mr. SAYLOR. Does not the gentle­ ball, and is being forced by intimidation on State of Wyoming did take its minerals man want to correct the RECORD? the property owners of Alaska. on the public land that was granted to Mr. HOFFMAN. Mr. Chairman, I de­ You notice he says "property owners." the State. The act of admission of the mand the regular order. State of Wyoming states in section 13 Mr. SMITH of Virginia. Does the During this moratorium we can put our that all mineral lands shall be excepted gentleman from Florida wish to ask me house in order to develop industry so that from the grants made in this act. · we can afford statehood at the end of 10 a question? years. * * * The technicality is this, that the Con­ Mr. HALEY. I can wait until the gen­ Our continued request to be heo.rd has gress excluded those lands which prior tleman finishes. been jockeyed and moved around. Anyone to the date of selection had been found Mr. SMITH of Virginia. I am a~)OUt who speaks realistically about the develop­ to be valuable for mineral purposes, and to conclude. I yield to the gentleman ment of Alaska for the benefit of all of the if it were so excluded then. in-lieu land briefly. United States meets the propaganda of the was selected, and the State did get min­ emotionists and the leftists and those who erals under the allotted grant of lands. . Mr. HALEY. I would just like to call put political gain first and our Nation the gentleman's attention, and especial­ second. I appreciate the gentleman's allow­ ly that of the committee, to page 4 of ing me the opportunity to clear up that This morning I received by air mail technicality. the report of the committee on which certain States are listed. At the bot­ an editorial which appeared in the An­ M~. SMITH of Virginia. I thank the chorage Daily News, evidently of recent gentleman for his contribution. tom of the page appears a footnote which reads ''No territorial government." date_:_May 22. It is headed ''If State­ Mr. O'BRIEN of New York. Mr. hood Bill Dies in D~bate It Will Be Chairman, will the gentleman yield? I notice that the first State listed in the footnote is the great State of Florida. I 'Blessing." Mr. SMITH of Virginia. I yield to Now, these are two evidently impor­ the gentleman from New York. think somebody should do a little home­ work in history on some of these things. tant daily newspapers in that country, Mr. O'BRIEN of New York. Mr. and I find that newspapers usually try Chairman, I do not rise to challenge I notice also the great State of Texas is listed in the footnote. I can understand to reflect the sentiments of their local­ what the distinguished gentleman has ities. And, I just want to :r:ead a couple said except that it has been my observa­ that Texas had no territorial status but I would like to say to the chairman of of extracts from that editorial. One is tion that some of those who questioned this: him would not want Alaska to be a State the committee so that he can get his even if we gave them no land. But my record a little straighter, that Florida We are among those who feel that if Con­ real purpose in a·sking the gentleman to was discovered by Ponce de Leon in 1513 gress votes statehood for Alaska at this and acquired from Spain in 1819. The time it will b~ doing a disser.vice to the peo­ yield was to state publicly for the record ple of the Territory. There will be imme­ what I have already stated privately. acquisition was ratified in 1821 and the diately withdrawn from Alaska a good por­ The distinguished gentleman from Territory was formally transferred to the tion of $125 million to $150. million annually Virginia has been criticized in some United States at Pensacola, Fla., in 1821, of Federal funds appropriated for the op­ places for his -position with regard to and we were granted statehood on March eration of Federal agencies. 3, 1845, as the 27th State of the Union. Alaska statehood. I want to state that Another paragraph: while I strongly favor this legislation, I I would just like to ask the gentleman why was a statement of this kind put The Federal budget will show that the respect the gentleman for the vigor of total civil expenditure in Alaska this year his stand against a bill in which he does into the RECORD. Was it just to embar­ rass the gentleman from Florida, who is for federally operated functions is $122 mil­ not believe. lion. It has gone as high as $151 milllon. Nearly 1 year ago the gentlema.n from opposing this bill? We enjoyed a ter­ Virginia told me frankly that he would ritorial status from March 30, 1822, to And it concludes with this ~tatement: oppose me with all the weapons at his March 3, 1845. It would be a surprise to us if debate on command. Had I felt as he does and Mr. SMITH of Virginia. I hope you the floor of Congress does not kill the did I would have done the same, but I will not ask me to go into that, because statehood blll entirely, which will be a bless­ want to tell the Members that the gen­ Alaska is about all I can handle, and ing to Alaska. tleman's attack upon my position and when you get into Florida, I am afraid Now, we have this thing every 2 years, that of those who favor statehood has you will use up all my time. and some of us get awfully tired of hav­ always been open and frank; there have Mr. HALEY. I would like to have the ing to devote so much time to it. Con­ been no stabs in the back, nor has there RECORD to be accurate in some of these gress has repeatedly turned down these been any personal animosity on the part things, and if the rest of these state­ requests of both Alaska and Hawaii. of the gentleman from Virginia. ments are no more accurate than that, Let us bury this ghost. Let us get rid I do not know what the fate of this we will be in bad shape. of it. Let us knock this thing out and bill in the House will be, although I Mr. SMITH of Virginia. I am going not have to take up so much valuable earnestly hope it will be passed; how:. to discuss now whether the people of time with it. Do you know how much ever, win or lose, I wish to say that my Alaska really want statehood. Some ap:.. important legislation, legislation impor­ already existing respect for the integrity parently do, but it looks like they voted tant to this Nation and the world~ is and ability of the gentleman from Vir­ 2 Yz to 1 against it when they had the piled up behind this bill of Alaskan ginia has grown into warm regard. I opportunity. I received a number of let­ statehood, which they know is a per­ thank the gentleman for yielding. ters, and I have them in my files, but fectly futile thing? As that Alaska Mr. SMITH of Virginia. Mr. Chair­ time will not permit me to read them. newspaper says, it is a political football. man, I do not know how I can express But, they are largely from business peo­ If it did happen, as I hope it will not, my appreciation of the very generous ple, and they all tell me that Alaska just that it pass the House, it will not pass remarks of my good friend from New is not ready for statehood; that she the Senate. That is what happens every York except to say that anything kind could not support statehood if she had time. They pass them in the Senate and he has said about me is fully reciprocated it, and that she is much better off now do not pass them in the House, or they on my part. He has at all times been than if she had statehood: pass them in the House and hold them eminently fair about the advodacy of I have extracts here from the paper up in the Senate. We ought to be do­ this bill in which he so sincerely and called the Alaskan Sportsman, and the ing something more important. Let us honestly believes. I certainly appreciate editorial in that paper expresses opposi­ kill this bill and get -through with this his kind remarks. tion. I have an editorial which was pub­ matter of forever trying to do something Mr. SAYLOR. Mr. Chairman, will lished in the Washington Times at the that is just not practical, that is not the gentleman yield? expense of the editor of the Daily Alas­ sensible, that is not wise either for the Mr. SMITH of Virginia. No; I asked kan Empire, of Juneau, and he opposes people of the United States or the people the gentleman to yield to me the other statehood. It is a .long editorial, and I of Alaska. 1958. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 9501 Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. . Mr. Senators from Alaska, and you on the against a very, very inconsequential bill Chairman,_ I yield 5 minutes to the gen· Democratic side are not going to get any that there was no such thing as appre­ tleman from Michigan [Mr. HoFFMANJ. Democratic Senators from Hawaii. :If ciation in the Reuther outfit. . The very Mr. HOFFMAN~ Mr. Chairman, as you admit Hawaii, Harry Bridges will .next issue of the CIO News came out always the· statements of the gentleman pick your Senators. If you admit Alaska, editorially and said they would rather from Virginia [Mr. SMITH] are very Reuther will name the Senators from support HoFFMAN, who was always very helpful to some of us. that State. · I know that over the years against them, than a doublecrosser who Inasmuch as the people of Alaska do UAW-CIO money has gone into the had thrown them downr Think of it. not seem to want statehood, I find it diffi· campaigns on behalf of the Democrats. That is what they will do to you, and cult to force it upon them; especially in The record shows over here in the Clerk's you are going to. get that kind of treat.. view of the fact that so many people want office there are I think, some 167 or 176 ment, and we are not going to cry about to join up with the United Nations. It candidates who received financial aid it, not on our side, because you have is a long way around to get into the from UAW-CIO. That financial aid been warned. Neither party will profit United States of America and then get is just a drop. in the bucket compared politically by the admission of Alaska. into the United Nations in_order to be to the aid that organization renders So why not forget politics and decide .in a one-world organization. during election time through their or­ the issue on its merits? The gentleman· from Virginia [Mr. ganizers. They are efficient, far more Mr. O'BRIEN of New York. Mr. SMITH] referred to the fact that he was than we are in organizing our political Chairman, I yield such time as he may regarded as a reactionary. On this side workers. desire to the gentleman from Texas of the aisle, permit me to say to the If the Democratic Party thinks for 1 [Mr. FISHER]. gentleman from Virginia, there are sev· moment it -will get 2 Democratic Sena­ Mr. FISHER. Mr. Chairman, I rise eral who, if their qualifications merit ·tors if Alaska is admitted it should think in opposition to the pending bill. This the term, will be pleased to join in being .again. Who will control your next Na· ~ssue of statehood at this time for Alaska so characterized. tional Convention? Brother Reuther. is of tremendous importance and I am The gentleman referred to the politi­ Do not worry about that. You Democrats sure no one would want to treat it lightly. cal situation as it might be affected by will not clear it with Sidney this time, The importance of this issue lies in the admission of Alaska as a St?-te. To you will clear it with Walter, and he will the fact that the decision will be final. me it would seem that neither the Re­ pick your candidates. There is no ques­ The grant of statehood becomes an ir· , publican leadership nor that on the tion about that. You may get Socialists revocable act. We are playing for keeps, Democratic side should be unduly con­ at the best-Something else at the worst. and if_a mistake is made it can never cerned about any. future support it Of course, we will get no help over on be corrected. · would receive from favorable action. this side, though some of our ·leaders Personally, I am most sympathetic Hawaii is to follow Alaska, we are given think we will. We will not; no. It may with Alaska and with the aspirations of to understand, and maybe-! do not well be Reuther, and he may pick the the people who make their home there. know about Guam and all the rest of two Senators. Then where will you be? Those people are ably represented here the islands down the line, even Vene­ Not long ago on the fioor here refer­ by Delegate Bartlett. I earnestly hope zuela was mentioned awhile ago-but in ence was made to the situation in Wayne the time will come in the not too distant any event, _Hawaii, we- understand, is County and Detroit. The CIO runs that future when that territory will be able under the control of Harry Bridges, the country down there at election time. to qualify on a sound and logical basis Communist. We are told that Alaska They pick the candidates and they elect for statehood i~ the American union. bows the knee to Reuther. Whatever them. That is one reason why Repub­ I am convinced that the admission at may have been said about Reuther in the ·licans are out of office in Michigan, a this time would be premature and would past, it is my hope -that folks will be bad,. bad thing for the State ·and the carry with it grave implications, which more considerate of him if he is sin­ country, too, even though some may not have been developed during the course cerely repentant. He has been attend­ realize it now. of this debate, which I shall discuss ing the school of experience. The lesson What has happened on your side? I briefly. is bitter-difficult for him to accept. ask you to take the UAW-CIO home with ADMISSION OF ALASKA MEANS ADMISSION OF _He .has found that employers are neces­ you and think it over. You had here in HAWAII ALSO sary if people are to have jobs. Reuther years gone by a very distinguished, able, It has been said that this bill is being quite recently has learned, as has the and capable gentleman from that sec­ pushed thro-ugh the Congress ahead of motor industry, that while they can hike tion of the country, John Lesinski. You Hawaiian statehood for reasons of strat· wages and hike prices, there is no way remember him. He was chairman of the egy. Surely there can be little question of making the consumer buy. It is a House Committee on Education and about that being true. The two issues new version of the old adage "You can Labor. He was succeeded by his son, are, in effeet, inseparable. Any one who lead a horse to water but you can't and he has been doing a good job. Both votes for admission of Alaska is by doing make him drink." So, most unfortu­ of them went along with the CIO. Now so also, in effect, voting for the admission nately, several -hundred thousand in the look what has happened. The president of Hawaii. Only the naive and the un­ State of Michigan are unemployed. Our of local 600, one of the most violent­ realistic would deny that fact for a unemployment compensation fund is be­ oh, they are a _bad bunch-are trying moment. coming exhausted. Unemployed will to defeat one who has served them well. It is in order, therefore, and indeed either have to go to work at some other Come over in my office some time and very necessary, that during this debate job or the employed will have to take iook at the pictures over there, where we also consider the propriety of ad­ care of those who are out of work, be­ UAW-CIO boys are beating up the men mission of the Territory of Hawaii to cause in Michigan we do not let anyone who wanted to work. They have for­ statehood in the near future. I should starve. We do not let anyone go with­ gotten about civil rights. Now what like, therefore, to address myself to that out adequate clothing or housing. In has happened? They have put in the question for a moment. fact, we provide all with at least some president of local 600 against a member There have been some rather signifi­ of what are termed the luxuries of life. on your side, one of their most faithful cant developments in Hawaii in recent It will be quite an effort for "Soapy" and able Representatives. They will use years, and we should not act upon the and Reuther acting together to carry you as they tried to use us, just as long question before us without taking those on their program Reuther being recently as they can. . If you introduced a bill developments into account. It has been a ·· part of management; that is, he has at their request and it became a law said that Harry Bridges and Jack Hall had supervision over hours and wages, and it did not turn out as they thought hold the economic life of Hawaii in the thus also fixing prices. But the combi· it would, you would be criticized and palm of their hands. That fact is too nation of the two has not been too suc­ opposed for supporting it. It does not well documented and too well demon­ cessful in providing jobs. In fact the make any difference what you might strated to warrant any one to think contrary is true. As a direct result of do--Reuther and his goons will betray otherwise. Let us examine the facts. their efforts Michigan iS in serious you whenever it suits their -purpose. The International Longshoremen and trouble. Jennings Randolph was formerly a Warehousemen's Union,_ known as the But there fs no reason to worry on thfs Member from West Virginia. He ILWU, is under the control of Harry side. We will not get any Democnitic learned to his sorrow after he had voted Bridges, our No.· 2 Communist, and Jack 9502 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE May 26

Hall, Hawaii's No.1 C~mmunist. It will EX-GOVERNOR STAINBACK OPPOSES STATEHOOD ered pertinent or decisive. But I am be recalled that Hall, along with 5 others FOR HAWAII RECAUSE OF COMMUNISM convinced the case for Alaska is weak, in Hawaii, was convicted in 1953 of con­ Now lest someone might say this is and that admitting that Territory at spiracy to overthrow the United States just a red herring, let us call as a witness this time would not only be wrong as a Government by force and violence. one of Hawaii's most distinguished citi~ national policy but would actually be Members of that union include prac~ zens, and its elder statesman. I refer rendering a disservice to the people of tically all agricultural employees as well to the Honorable Ingram M. Stainback, Alaska. as stevedores -and dock workers, and in former Governor of Hawaii. When he As ·we look at the case for Alaska there that way Bridges, Hall and company testified a little time back before a Con~ are a few things we should examine most maintain a stranglehold on the islands' gressional committee he said the ascen~ carefully. The civilian population of economy. An example of that power, dency of Communist influence in Hawai­ that Territory is 160,000, excluding about and the complete control which those ian politics makes it dangerous to admit 55,000 members of the armed services. union leaders exercise over the union that Territory to statehood, and his views And there are about 20,000 dependents members, was displayed in 1953 when the are shared by a number of other prom~ of members of the armed services sta~ Communists were convicted by a Federal inent citizens there. tiohed there. court jury. Within an hour after the Mr. Stainback went to Hawaii more In addition, there are 16,000 nonciti­ verdict was announced, the 25,000 than 40 years ago to practice law and zen Federal employees and about the workers belonging to the union walked has been there ever since. He served as same number of noncitizen dependents off their jobs as a gesture of protest attorney general of the islands, later as of those employees. against a court of justice for convicting United States attorney, and still later as Transient and seasonal employees ac~ their Communist leaders. Just imagine United States judge for the district of count for an additional20,000. the influence and control those leaders Hawaii. In 1942 he was appointed Gov­ The permanent citizen population is can exercise over their subservient mem~ ernor and served in that capacity until less than 90,000 people. Out of this, 35,~ bers in the political field. 1931 when he became justice of the ter~ 000 are Aleutian, Eskimo, and Indian na~ In addition to the agricultural workers ritorial supreme court. Can you think tives, who are said to have little interest and those in shipping, the United Public of a more qualified person to testify on in such things as statehood matters. Workers Union, which has a membership the subject of statehood for Hawaii, and ONLY 28,000 VO~ IN ALASKA of some 2,000, is clearly Communist~ the conditions that exist there? dominated and under the presidency In his testimony Mr. Stainback said In the last general election only 28,000 of Henry Epstein, a well-known Com~ the ILWU is the so-called labor union, votes were cast. If admitted to state­ munist. but really is "just a disguise for the hood, Hawaii and Alaska would become As evidence of the influence of the Communist organization in the Terri­ entitled to representation in the United Communists in Hawaii, a survey was tory," and "the men that control it abso­ States Senate 10 times greater than the made by the Honolulu Star-Bulletin lutely follow the Communist line and average representation of the people of after the November 1954 election. The they follow Jaclt Hall and Bridges:• the 48 States. Moreover, in the most re­ ILWU endorsed 71 candidates. Of these, When asked if Bridges' union controls cent poll the people of Alaska voted 3 to 58 won, or 81 percent. the economic life of Hawaii, the former 1 against statehood. In establishing his power and nailing Governor replied: ALASKA'S ARTIFICIAL ECONOMY it down, it will be recalled that Jack There isn't any question about it, not the Let us look for a moment at the eco­ Hall ran the big sugar, longshoremen's slightest. They have sugar, pineapples, and nomic side of the picture in Alaska. The and pineapple strikes out there a few transportation right in the hollow of their gentleman from New York [Mr. PILLION] years ago that cost the islands an esti~ hands, and those hands are Communist presented some documented facts on mated $100 million. He was working hands, or rather controlled by them. that subject that every Member should under Bridges. And on the question of the effective­ read and study before voting on this is• HALL SAYS WOULD ELECT LIBERALS TO CONGRESS ness of the Communist political power, sue. It is significant that in 1956 private Mr. Chairman, the fact that statehood Governor Stainback stated: business accounted for less than one­ for Hawaii is supported by the Commu~ In my opinion it has been increased; par­ third of Alaska's income. More than nist Party and the ILWU does not per ticularly the laet year they have shown their two-thirds of her income was derived se make this cause wrong or undesirable. power, or at least they have shown it to me from Government spending. But one can be sure that their support more dramatically than at any previous The civilian Federal aid and Federal for statehood is not actuated by the time. defense spending amounts to $2.50 for same motives for good government as The ex-Governor went on to warn: every $1 of private-enterprise income. And Alaska's total Federal taxes are only those who sincerely believe that state~ I do not think there is a State in the hood is a just cause. In a book called Union that can compare with Hawaii for $36 million a year. "Hawaii, the 49th State," a handbook put political domination. I think the Com­ There are some other pertinent facts out by and for the statehood lobby, munists can veto the election of anyone. and figures that should be repeated. The Jack Hall, the convicted traitor, wrote: • • • Even now their powe1· seems to be labor force varies from about 30,000 in growing, If Hawaii becomes a State, we can send the winter to about 50,000 in the sum­ some good men to VVashlngton from here-­ Mr. Stainback, who some 12 years ago mer. About 21,000 of these, or one-half not only to represent the majority in the favored statehood for Hawaii, said he of the peak labor force are union mem­ islands but also to strengthen liberal forces bers, compared with about one-fourth in in the National Congress. had reluctantly come to the conclusion that there would be considerable danger the 48 States. This means high wage Hall went on to s~y: to the National Government if Hawaii levels-and high wages are necessary in We're for statehood-unqualifiedly-at is admitted to statehood at this time. Alaska in order to attract labor from the once. In view of these undisputable facts, States-and, coupled with expensive transportation costs and other factors, it When Jack Hall says he want::; state~ Mr. Chairman, would it not be only reasonable and proper that Hawaii get all adds up to a fantastically high cost hood immediately, and at once, and that of living condition. he wants to "send some good men to its house in better order before admit­ ting it to statehood, because as the situa~ Is it any wonder, therefore, that out~ Washington," he reduces his argument to side capital is reluctant . to come into simple terms; every man can take his tion is now we know that statehood would add tremendously to the power of Alaska because of the high tax rates, its choice. Do we want to admit Hawaii as immature politics, labor shortages, and a State and thereby add to the political Bridges, Hall and company? And again I repeat, the admission of the high cost of production which im~ power of Jack Hall and Harry Bridges? peril the chances for returns on invest­ Whether we like it or not, that question Alaska now means the admission of Hawaii as wei!. ments? This is unfortunate, and let us is interwoven with the proposed admis~ hope this condition can be improved as sion of Alaska because no one can be so GOOD REASONS TO DEFER ACTION ON ALASKA time goes on. naive as to believe the admission of Mr. Chairman, if a good case were It appears that the Territory of Alaska will not pave the way for the made out for the admission of Alaska, Alaska, as indeed is true with some of early admission of Hawaii. Let us face perhaps its effect in bringing about the our States, is having financial strains the facts. approval of Hawaii would not be consid~ in the operation of the government there. 1-958. -- CONGRESSIONAL RECORD - -HOUSE 9503 It has been pointed-out that Alaska bor­ the people-living in those islands the There is also a serious · backlog of rowed $2,635,000 in February 1958 and rights of statehood. cases at Fairbanks involving about 1,500 a year earlier borrowed $2,630,000 from Mr. Chairman, if Alaska is to be ad­ legal controversies. · the Federal Government. And it is es• mitted let us not be unmindful of all Thus, in Alaska, we see the classic ex­ timated that ·an additional loan will ·be these implications that are involved. ample of the saying that justice delayed requested later this year. They are many and far reaching. Let is justice denied. I do not know what the facts are but us summarize: Underlying the district court in Alaska I do know that it has been estimated by First. Alaska at this time can hardly within each of the four judicial divisions some who are supposed to know, that it afford to pay the cost of operating a is a system of commissioners' courts. costs about twice as much to operate a State government. These commissioners, working only for State government as it does to operate Second. The population of the Terri­ such fees as they take in-a very small a Territorial government. tory of Alaska is not ample to justify sum· in the outlying precincts-are ex­ It appears obvious that Alaska as a State government. That Territory was ofiicio justices of the peace, coroners, State would have some rough going that able to muster only 28,000 votes in the marriage commissioners and recorders. would probably require considerable sub­ last general election. Except in the five principal cities· of sidization by Uncle Sam. There are sim­ Third. The admission of Alaska Alaska where the work is a full-time oc­ ply too few sources of revenue. The fish­ means also the admission of Hawaii, cupation at reasonable pay. These com­ ing industry there has long since passed even though Hawaiian statehood is not missioners are not attorneys, being lay­ its peak. The 1956 salmon catch was included in the pending bill. For all men engaged in other pursuits, yet less than half of the 1937 catch. Ex­ practical purposes it might as well be original jurisdiction in all probate mat­ cept for some petroleum deposits, which included. ters is lodged in their hands. To make it is hoped will prove to be substantial, Fourth. The precedent established up for this horse and buggy setup, the the mining industry in Alaska can pro­ would undoubtedly lead to Hawaii and Congress has made all orders in probate duce very little tax revenue for a State. other possessions demanding statehood, proceedings subject to appeal to the dis­ Gold production dropped from $22,036,- and Pandora's box would i:>e opened. trict court. 794 in 1906 to only $7,350,000 in 1957. Fifth. The admission at this time of Under statehood and under the pur­ And agriculture is, of course, inherently either Alaska or Hawaii would be pre­ view of the fine State constitution already weak and will always be, due to lack of mature. Hawaii's economy is in the written by Alaskans, an excellent found­ tillable land and the short growing sea­ clutches of subversives, and that Terri­ ation exists for an adequate State judi­ sons. tory should clean house before being ciary. There would be a sufiicient num­ ALASKA HAS POTENTIALS admitted. Both Territories have con-· ber of judges manning the courts of gen­ Mr. Chairman, I am sure everyone siderable home work to do before they eral jurisdiction, including jurisdiction wants to see Alaska develop and prosper. will be ready to become States in the in probate matters, and an improved sys­ It will take time, of course, but I can Union. To admit them_ now would, in tem for justices of the peace. Judges envision possibilities if the people who my judgment, tend to weaken the super­ would be appointed on nomination of a live there continue to devote themselves structure_of our Republic. nonpartisan judicial council, following to the task. It would seem, for example, · Mr. O'BRIEN of New York. · Mr. the idea of the Missouri plan, and be that much more can be done to commer­ Chairman, I yield 3 minutes to the gen­ voted on by the electorate periodically cialize Alaska's scenic splendor. That tleman from Montana [Mr. METCALF]. for retention or rejection, solely on their calls for more roads, hotels, and other Mr. METCALF. Mr. Chairman, we respective records without having to facilities which are now in short supply. have discussed the need for the people campaign against an opponent. This Nowhere in the world can one se·e nat­ of Alaska to have a governor of their system is designed to create as far as urai scenery that surpasses that of own choosing; the right of the people to possible a model judiciary in the State of Alaska; yet comparatively few American have a legislative assembly whose mem­ Alaska. tourists are able to go there because of bers they elect; but I wish to discuss the Of course, under the pending state­ the lack of roads and facilities to ac­ other branch of government, the judicial hood legislation, there would be a Fed­ commodate them and because -of the branch, and the people's need to have eral court in Alaska, with one judge de­ distance and cost. control over their judiciary. voting his time solely to cases arising The tourist dollar, which is an impor­ Congress has reserved sole jurisdiction under Federal law. tant item in Hawaii's economy, is as over Alaska's courts. What I have said in regard to the im­ good as any other dollar when it comes Congress has established the District proved judiciary branch in Alaska under to paying the cost of operating a govern­ Court of Alaska, with four divisions, as statehood is just one more example of the ment. And since Alaska has such few the court of general local jurisdiction, political and social maturity of our possible sources of revenue of a perma­ but with the added power of exercising Alaskan brethren who are desirious of nent type that would add up to very all the powers and functions of a district full rights in the Union of States, and, much, it would seem that every possi­ court of the United States with respect after 90 years of territoriality richly de­ bility of a new source should be, and I to Federal cases arising in Alaska. serve fulfillment at this time of their am sure is being, explored. For 49 years there have been 4 judges manifest destiny under our flag. DANGER OF· PRECEDENT of the court in Alaska, 1 for each judi­ Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. Mr. Chair­ Mr. Chairman, I have been impressed cial division. Notwithstanding the great man, I yield 5 minutes to the gentleman with the danger of the ·precedent of increase in the volume of court business from Indiana [Mr. BEAMER]. admitting Alaska, a noncontiguous area during the last 15 to 20 years, based on Mr. BEAMER. Mr. Chairman, I hesi­ several hundred miles away. We own Alaska's growth and turbulent period of tate to impose my own personal opin­ other possessions several hundred miles national-defense construction, there are ions on the Members of the House, and I away. The precedent feature has been still only 4 judges. Forty-nine years ago also realize that almost anything any of very ably developed during debate. I Alaska had only 60,000 people, which us would say during this debate would be have already discussed the Hawaiian sit­ number has now more than tripled. repetition. But, I would like to tell of a Alaskans have appealed repeatedly to little experience I had in Anchorage to­ uation. In addition, there is the case of Congress during the last 10 years for gether with our distinguished colleague, Puerto Rico with its 2% million people legislation ·establishing another judge­ the gentleman from Massachusetts [Mr. where agitation is already being heard ship for the third division at Anchorage, MACDONALD]. We were asked to appear for statehood status. And the Virgin Is; but without avail. · For one reason or before a television .program for some 25 lands and Guam, both of which are pres­ another the extra judgeship never mate­ or 30 minutes. There was a little ad­ ently heavily subsidized by the Federal rializes; and the 3,000 cases which are vertising, of course, as is always required Government, would naturally clamor for backlogged at Anchorage remain un­ by the sponsor of any particular pro­ admission. And a precedent of ad.:. heard, undecided, and unresolved. This gram. We answered the questions of mitting a noncontiguous territory with a backlog exists even though the judge the moderator. He asked why each of low population and a weak economy, from Nome, or other visiting judge, us, representing a different political having been once established, there spends several months a year at Anchor­ party, voted against statehood for Alas­ would be increased difficulty in denying age trying to cope with the problem. ka, and we told him very frankly. Our 9504 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE May 26 remarks went out on the airwaves of this State of · Alas~ would be unable for when the gentleman from New York particular channel in that area. The many years to support itself, especially [Mr. O'BRIEN] was chairman of a com­ next day we were entertained by the if by chance we would be able to remove mittee when I was serving on the Interior chamber of commerce or a group of busi­ the military forces. The presence of our and Insular Affairs Committee. nessmen, and I was surprised-and I Armed Forces provides the source of in­ There have been some statements know my colleague, the gentleman from come in that Territory. made during the course of the debate Massachusetts, likewise was surprised­ All of this, I say, is repetitious, but I in the last few days that have bothered at the number of men who came to us want to emphasize one particular point me. _ and shook our hands and said, "We want that I do not believe has been empha­ Last week the distinguished gentleman to congratulate you on the forthrightness sized quite enough. I have noticed in from New York, whose opposition to with which you expressed yourselves on the RECORD that the name of one conser­ Alaskan statehood is well known and television last night. We saw you; we vationist has been mentioned, a former respected in this House, stated: heard you, and we agree with you." I Hoosier, Mr. C. R. Gutermuth, of the "That the grant of two United States am recounting that one particular point Wild Life Management Institute. He Senators and three electoral votes to of view because I think we must recog­ served in Indiana under three good Alaska's 28,000 voters is repugnant to nize that the businessmen, the men who Democrat governors. I say "good Dem­ the proper apportionment of representa­ have money invested-and I am not talk­ ocrats,'' because they were. He came to tion in a national democracy, that it ing about the Federal Government, and I Washington with a great desire to con­ violates the spirit and intent of our. am not talking about the State govern­ tinue conservation work. I have read Constitution, and that it is incompatible ment or the would-be State government his testimony and the testimony of oth­ with the ideal of political equality for or of the present Territorial government, ers, and I have talked to some of those our citizens." but I am talking about the businessmen people and they are quite concerned Mr. Chairman, I shall not now debate who live there. I do not know whether about some of the possibilities if we the question of Alaska's population with that is prevalent in all of Alaska. I am adopt the legislation that is before us. the gentleman though I believe those not an authority on Alaska and I do not The CHAIRMAN. The time of the. :figures can well be challenged. But that pretend to be one, but I have received gentleman from Indiana has expired. is not an important point. The point letters-and I think all of you have re­ Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. Mr. Chair­ I seek to make is that the idea of equality_ ceived letters-from a committee calling man, I yield the gentleman 1 additional of representation in the Senate is-far itself the Committee on Referendum. I minute. from being contradictory to the spirit or am wondering whether or not we are Mr. BEAMER. So I think it is very the intent of our Constitution-a pro­ giving the people who have a chance to important that we should investigate vision which made the Constitution pos­ vote on this-are we giving them their some of the legislation that has passed sible. I believe that every student of the choice, or are we going to force it down the Alaskan Territorial Legislature. I history of this Republic is aware of the. their throats or attempt to force it upon think the bill is Senate 30 that would absolute impossibility of agreement upon them in the manner in which we are con­ give away conservation rights, minerals, a formula of union prior to the develop­ ducting this proposal. and wildlife that is so dear to all of. ment of the Great Compromise. We are First of all, I think it is a rather un­ us, in that Alaskan Territory. It is a taught in every course on the history of usual way to bring the bill before the conflict. As a member of the Izaac the Republic-from the high school House. Why do we have a Committee on Walton League, I believe in conserva­ classrooms to tlie graduate seminars­ Rules, and then find it necessary to dis­ tion. I think it is time we should realize that the formula which gave equality of regard, perhaps, the majority opinion that we should conserve our natural in­ representation in one House to each of that committee. terests, not only in the United States State and representation according to I would sugr;est, too, that I do not but in the Territories, and that includes population in the other House was the think as Republicans or Democrats, Alaska. formula which made a Constitution pos­ members of our two great parties, we Mr. O'BRIEN of New York. Mr. sible. The Great Compromise is the very need be too concerned about the plat­ Chairman, will the gentleman yield? heart of the intent and spirit of our Con­ forms. Platforms are important, of Mr. BEAMER. I yield. stitution. In my opinion, by no stretch of course, and we recognize them. Those Mr. O'BRIEN of New York. I was historical-interpretation can the gentle-. platforms really reassert that we still just going to ask the gentleman if he man's description of it as incompatible live in a republic. Each of us has been did not see some inconsistency between with that spirit and that intent be justi­ chosen by the people to represent the the alleged poverty on the part of Alas­ fied. people of that particular district; and~ ka and inability to support statehood But, Mr. Chairman, let us defer for a therefore, if it is of advantage, material and this tremendous wealth they are moment the proposition that this consti­ or otherwise, to the people of our partic­ going to get by this tremendous give­ tutional compromise is, or is not, consist­ ular districts to vote for statehood, then away. ent with past practice. Let us ask our­ we should do it. But if we find some rea­ Mr. BEAMER. I do not know what selves simply which is a more legitimate son thr..t we feel it is not of advantage, the gentleman refers to as "give-away". expression of the "ideal of political that it might be injurious to our respec­ I would rather give it to Alaska than equality of our citizens," to which the tive districts, then we should forget per­ to give it to some foreign nations that gentleman appeals.. Is there greater sonal emotions, and we should vote for probably have not been appreciating equality in affording thousands and the people back home. That is the group some of the billions of dollars we have thousands of American citizens no voice we represent. A majority of the 435 been giving away. at all in their government or in afford­ Members of this House, and, of course, The CHAIRMAN. The time of the ing them a voice which might in some the 96 Members in the other body-it is gentleman from Indiana has again ex­ way be considered as mathematically their duty to express as nearly as pos­ pired. overweighted? Certainly, if Alaska is sible the majority opinion of tha people Mr. O'BRIEN of New York. Mr. admitted to the Union, each of the they represent. Chairman, I yield 5 minutes to the States we represent will lose a tiny frag­ I am sure we will abide by such deci­ gentlewoman from Oregon [Mrs. ment of its numerical power in the run­ sions. That is the reason I say it will GREEN]. ning of the House and the Senate and in not be especially of advantage to our Mrs. GREEN of Oregon. Mr. Chair­ the election of a President. But, Mr. districts. I cannot see where it will help man, Alaskan statehood is becoming more Chairman, we lose far more by retaining the Fifth District of Indiana. I have and more important to the people of my Alaska in its present state as a colony. had very few letters about it, less than district. There is an increasing amount Is it truly more democratic to govern on most any other subject; but we should of trade between the Territory and the Americans, to tax them and to make resolve to cut expenses instead of in­ State of Oregon; we find many citizens policies which will affect, not only their creasing them. I am not quite sure the of Oregon have gone to Alaska to live, politics, but their very lives, without Members who have spoken previously and many citizens of Alaska have come giving them any voice whatever in the know what they are speaking about to my State. formulation of those policies-is that when they say there will not be an addi­ I was very fortunate in being in Alas­ more democratic than to give them the tional tax burden; because apparently a ka on two different occasions, once tiny voice in this Chamber which the 1958 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 9505 Constitution of the United States assures the mathematical power of our office to adopted by the narrowest margin of 5 them as their right? welcome to our midst voting Representa· votes to 4. It is true that the people of Alaska are tives and Senators from Alaska. We do The framers of our Constitution could heard in this Chamber through the voice not lessen ourselves when we grant to foresee both the inequitiel:! and the of their truly distinguished delegate, Alaskans what is theirs by right. We do iniquities of granting equal Senate rep­ BOB BARTLETT. The people of Alaska have not lessen ourselves, when we invite into resentation, irrespective of population. been well served by this great American, our midst the good counsel which we will To provide against disproportionate the weight of whose character and abil­ receive from Alaska's elected Represen· and excessive political power in the Sen· ity have made his views respected and tatives and Senators. We lessen our· ate, article V of our Constitution pro· his role a constructive one. selves only as we continue to exercise un· vides that no State can be deprived of But the fact remains, Mr. Chairman, justified authority over persons who are its power to consent to accept less than that BoB BARTLETT cannot vote for the not themselves represented. I suggest, two Senators in the Senate. This clause people of Alaska, even where their most Mr. Chairman, that taxation and war of our Constitution is unamendable. important concerns are before us. BoB and peace, without representation, is still It leaves the question of Senate repre .. BARTLETT must sit on this :floor as we de­ tyranny, even when wielded by the soft sentation for States, to be hereafter ad· bate matters of high foreign policy, as and considerate and benevolent hand of mitted, open for further Congressional we discuss issues which may prevent or the Congress of the United States. decision. Mr. Chairman, one last point. We not prevent the plunging of this Nation In fact, the Convention defeated by a into war-war which would affect the will be told again-as we have been 9 to 2 vote, a proposal that new States be people of Alaska as directly and as trag­ told before in this debate-that we can· unalterably admitted each with 2 Sena.. ically as it would affect the people of not afford the cost of granting state· tors. New York or Oregon or Washington, hood. We have been assured that this At that time, the ratio between the D. C.; and he may speak, eloquently as involves great losses to the Nation in most populous State, Virginia, and the he always does, persuasively as ever, but Iand-in money-in resources. We have least populous State, Delaware, was only still without the strength of a vote. been told that statehood would be costly 12 to 1. This, Mr. Chairman, I believe is as to Alaska-that Alaska cannot really undemocratic, as "incompatible with the afford statehood. The ratio of New York's 16 million peo .. spirit of political equality,'' to quote the This is really putting a price tag on pie to Alaska's 160,000 citizens is 100 to 1. gentleman from New York, as the most representative government. Certainly, this disparity of political tyrannical kind of dictatorship. It would not surprise me in the least power is repugnant to our ideals of po­ Another point, Mr. Chairman. It has if-around the year 1775-some juggler litical equality. been suggested that the admission of of figures had not written to the British In my statement of last Wednesday, I Alaska will cause one member of this papers proving conclusively-or at least attempted to point out how the adoption, House to lose his District, thus disen­ to his own satisfaction-that the Ameri· of the 12th, the 16th and the 17th amend· franchising some indefinite number of can colonies really could not afford free· ments, has transformed our Government Americans. The bill refutes this argu­ dom and that it was cheaper for them from a Federal republic into a national ment in its terms. There will be, when to remain under British rule. If such democracy. The restraints upon Fed· this bill passes and becomes law, one letters were written-or such claims eral power that were carefully built into additional seat in this House until the were made-I am glad that the Ameri· our constitutional foundations have been 1962 elections. At that time, it is true, can colonists did not heed that falla· removed. there will be again only 435 members of cious advice. Our National Government is no longer, this House. But the great shifts in Democracy is not something that is in any degree, a government of federated population in this country in the current sold in the market place to the highest States. We are a government of men decade will mean inevitably that many bidder. It is something to be striven and of people. present seats will be lost, and new seats for even at a sacrifice and once won, is There have been significant charges gained in other States. But when the to be preserved and nurtured. in our political structure since the ad· apportionment of 1960 takes effect, no And so, Mr. Chairman, in casting m'y mission of the last State in 1912. A tre­ American will be without representation vote for Alaskan statehood-far more mendous political power, and incidental in this body unless we, by denying our important to me than these statistics economic power, has been concentrated heritage and setting our own immediate which can be juggled-is the value which into our National Government. advantages against the whole current we cannot deny-the value we place on The conditions, under which the fram­ of our Nation's history, unless we, Mr. the American dream of liberty, of equal· ers of our Constitution reluctantly, and Chairman, unless we deny representa­ ity, of self-government. Surely, on this with great misgivings, agreed upon the tion to the people of Alaska. basis-the people of Alaska are entitled grant of two Senators for each State, no If this bill should be defeated, good to statehood. longer exist. Americans, Americans whose citizenship Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. Mr. Chair· The admission of other States is not, is as firmly attested in the honor rolls of man, I yield 20 minutes to the gentleman today, a valid precedent for the admis· the Nation as the citizenship of the peo­ from New York [Mr. PILLION]. sion of Alaska, with the grant of two ple of any State, good Americans will in Mr. PILLION. Mr. Chairman, I again Senators. Alaskan statehood would es­ truth be denied the franchise. I submit address myself to this subject, only be­ tablish a most embarrassing precedent Mr. Chairman, that a vote against this cause of the enormity and the finality for the admission of Hawaii, Guam, and bill, not a vote for it, but a vote against of this proposal. the Virgin Islands. this bill is a vote against the principles of Statehood is an irrevocable status. If Statehood is espoused by many per.. democratic national government. we make a mistake here today, it can­ sons who sincerely believe this to be a We have been told that we would not be amended or repealed here tomor­ liberal cause. It is the exact reverse of sacrifice some small portion of our per­ row. true liberalism. Statehood for Alaska is sonal power if the House were enlarged; The distinguished proponents of this not consistent with either democratism that our States will suffer a fractional bill have propounded the idea that two or republicanism. The theory of equal dilution of their power in the Senate if Senators, regardless of population, for representation for State governments has the Senate is enlarged. This might be each State to be hereafter admitted, is become an obsolete fiction. true mathematically. But I repeat, we an unquestionable and valid political Liberty, freedom, and justice for indi· will gain greatly in the dignity and worth principle. of our office when we cease to exercise On the contrary, the grant of two Sen· victuals presupposes political equality. power over people who cannot hold us or ators to Alaska is indefensible, if we Statehood would establish a preferen· our colleagues responsible for the exer-· study the proceedings and the intent of tial political aristocracy in the people of cise of that power. the founders of our Constitution. Alaska at the expense of the people of the I believe very firmly, Mr. Chairman, It will be recalled that this very fun· 48 States. that it detracts from the worth of oUr damental question almost disrupted our Mr. Chairman, it is assumed by many own offices to exercise this undemocratic Constitutional Convention. The motion Americans that our constitutional ap .. rule far more than it would detract from to grant 2 Senators to each State was portionment of Senate representation has 9506 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE May 26 been adopted by other constitutional rep­ tories, and the gentleman understands Communist Party is the Fisherman and resentative governments. This is entirely that. Allied Workers Union. This union has erroneous. Mr. PILLION. No, that is a fiction. a membership of 750. _ .. In most secondary or upper legislative If we grant statehood to Alaska,. with . It was expelled from the CIO in Au­ bodies, either the members are not 100,000-some people, why should we not gust 1950 as being Communist con­ elected by the populace or the powers in order to pacify the Asiatic countries trolled. The very next day it joined the of the upper house are limited to that and go along with their request, give International Longshoremen's and portion of power which acts federally Guam statehood. They seek it. They Warehousemen's Union, which had also upon the States and those powers which would like that power. If the gentle­ been expelled from the CIO as being touch upon the rights and .liberties of man will recall, the representatives of Communist controlled. Both of these the people are reserved to the popularly the Virgin Islands have hinted to us dur­ unions continue to have the same lead­ elected· representatives. ing meetings that they would like to have ership they had when expelled from the In our neighboring Canadian Govern­ a delegate in this Congress. Why not CIO. ment, the Senators are appointed for carry this thing to the logical conclu­ The ILWU, of course, is led by Harry life. Although apportionment is partly sion, as it will be, and ·go along with Bridges. He is, next to William z. Fos­ based on sectional interests, the mem­ statehood for Guam and the Virgin ter, ·the most powerful Communist in bership closely follows the population Islap.ds? They can present the same this country. · pattern. _ valid argument that is being presented Mr. Bridges has established a Com­ In the successful West German Fed­ here today for Hawaii and Alaska. munist beachhead in Alaska. His oper­ eral Republic, the upper house, the Mr. ASPINALL. Will the gentleman ations there are dormant, awaiting the Bundesrat, in many areas of legislation, yield for an answer about Guam and the right time to expand and take over. · only possesses . the power of veto over Virgin Islands? Twenty years ago, no one dreamed the actions of the lower house. Only Mr. PILLION. I should like to finish that Harry Bridges could, possibly, at­ the lower house, the Bundestag, possesses my presentation, then I will be pleased to tain the econom~c and political power complete legislative power. yield. that he holds over the life of Hawaii. The members of this German Senate Mr. ASPINALL. I repeat that there . I show here a photograph that brings are not elected by popular vote, they never has been a serious attempt by shame and disgrace to every American. are appointed by the states and vote in either one of those areas to come in for This is the front page of the May 22 accordance with the instructions of their statehood. edition of Hawaii's largest newspaper, the Star Bulletin. It shows our Gov­ state governments. The apportionment Mr. HALEY. Mr. Chairman, will the of senators is made on the basis of pop­ gentleman yield? ernor, with Harry Bridges, the well­ ulation. known Communist, and Jack Hall, his Mr. PILLION. I yield. Hawaii regional director of the lLWU, I know of no constitutional, represen­ Mr. HALEY. Apparently this bill is tative government in this world, having negotiating over the 4-month sugar here today simply because statehood has workers strike in Hawaii. · a congress, whose two legislative bodies been promised. I would like to read to . have coextensive powers, and whose up­ Jack Hall is a notorious Communist. per house is directly elected by the peo­ the gentleman from Colorado a part of These two men are emissaries of ple, where there is such a fantastic the platform of the Democratic Party in Moscow, subject to the discipline of the disproportion between the power of rep­ 1940: Communist Party. They are dedicated resentation and population, as exists in We favor a large measure of self-govern­ to the overthrow of this Government by ment leading to statehood for Alaska, Ha­ either parliam,entary or revolutionary the United States Senate. waii, and Puerto Rico. Mr. Chairm·an, I propose to discuss tactics. the implications of communism in this Now if I may go to the 1940 pledge of To show you the power of this Com­ proposal to grant statehood for Alaska. the Republican platform: munist conspiracy in Hawaii, Governor Mr. ASPINALL. Mr. Chairman, will Hawaii sharing the Nation's obligations Quinn, 2 months ago, tendered Jack Hall the gentleman yield before he gets into equally with the several States is entitled to a public appointment as a member ·of that section of his remarks? I should the fullest measure- the safety commission. like to ask my good friend from New Statehood for Hawaii is a major poiit­ And so forth. ical objective of the Communist Party. York if there has ever been any proposal Puerto Rico statehood is a logical aspira­ that the gentleman takes seriously about It will give to the Communist Party 2 tion of the people of Puerto Rico who were Senators and 2 Representatives in our bringing Puerto Rico or Guam or the made citizens of the United States by Con­ Congress. These men will necessarily trust territories or Samoa into the gress in 1917. be under the infiuence and direction of United States. Reading further: the Communist Party. Mr. PILLION. Yes. As the gentle­ The Republican Party platform of The ILWU with a membership man knows, the first step in any terri­ 1948: of 25,000, controls the sugar and pine­ tory's seeking admission to statehood is We favor eventual statehood for Hawaii, apple industries. It controls all shipping to ask for a delegate to be admitted to Alaska, and Puerto Rico. through its stevedores. our Congress, sucil as the delegate we The UPW is an associated Communist have from Alaska and the delegate we I do not know whether these things are dominated union with a membership of have from Hawaii. The legislature of from a reliable source or not, but ap­ 3,000. This union controls the trans­ Guam, way out in the Pacific, with 65,000 parently we have this bill here today portation, waterworks, and public work­ people, has repeatedly adopted resolu­ simply because somebody said, "Well, go ers, including the sherifi's department. tions asking this Congress to permit back to the platforms of both parties. The ILWU maintains 16 libraries for them to send a delegate to this Congress, We promised them." If that is not a Communist literature. They use 4 I think the distinguished gentleman will promise, what is? radio stations, with broadcasts every recall. Mr. PILLION. I thank the gentleman day, in the English, Japanese, and Fili­ Mr. ASPINALL. No, I do not recall for his contribution. pino languages. that. They have asked for a commis­ First of all, I would like to state that The ILWU spends more than $250,000 sioner: It is the understanding of the I have probably, at some time or an­ a year for propaganda alone. gentleman from Colorado that they other, favored causes which were also It operates in both the Democratic asked for the provision of an unincorpo­ favored by the Communist Party. Noth­ and Republican Parties. It is stronger, rated territory, and that is entirely dif­ ing that I say here is intended to refiect more potent, than either the Demo­ ferent. The reference made to Puerto upon the sincerity or the integrity of cratic or Republican Party. Rico. Whether it is a commonwealth any Member of this House. Nor do I In the last 1956 election, 21 out of 30 today or tomorrow or what not does not in any way imply that the advocacy of representatives in the Territorial Legis­ mean that we will ever grant statehood statehood here is intended to aid or com­ lature were elected with ILWU political to Puerto Rico. There is a difference, by fort the Communist Party. support. In this last election, it elected tradition and by attention given to them Communism is not as serious a menace 26 out of 28 candidates that it endorsed. by the Federal Government between in Alaska as it is in Hawaii. The only · If Alaska is admitted to statehood, territories and . unincorporated ·terri- union that is directly controlled by the Hawaii will immediately present the 1958 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 9507 problem of whether this Congress w111 Mr. ROGERS of Texas. Mr. Chair­ ourselves or do we believe in them for also grant statehood to a Territory that man, will the gentleman yield?. others too? will, probably, send 4 Congressmen to Mr. PILLION. I yield. Were these sentiments merely ex­ Washington, who will be selected and Mr. ROGERS of Texas. I want to pedient expressions designed simply to elected by Harry Bridges, who will be commend the gentleman on the great serve our own temporary advantage? Or obligated to and under the discipline of contribution he has made to this debate. were they fundamental and abiding the Communist Party. I think he is exactly right in the fear of truths upon which we consistently base Mr. Chairman, I am preparing an ex­ what may happen in Alaska; and I think our national policies? hibit to be piaced in the vestibule, to­ that what has happened in Hawaii could The case of Alaska thrusts these ques­ morrow, documenting the Communist very well foretell what could happen in tions uncomfortably before us. It re­ influence over the economy and politics Alaska. quires an answer and will not be put of Hawaii. . Mr. PILLION. I thank the gentle­ off. Mr. O'BRIEN of New York. Mr. man. The citizens of Alaska do not have the Chairman, will the gentleman yield? Mr. O'BRIEN of New 'York. Mr. right of self-determination, which we Mr. PILLION. I yield. Chairman, I yield 5 minutes to the gen­ have professed to hold sacred. They are Mr. O'BRIEN of New York. I would taxed by our Government while having like to congratulate the gentleman. tleman from Texas [Mr. WRIGHT]. Mr. WRIGHT. Mr. Chairman, I have no voice in the Halls of Congress when Perhaps he has solved one of our na­ appropriations are made and taxes are tional defense problems, because we no special claim to be heard here today. I am not a member of the committee levied. Their sons are drafted to do have a new intercontinental missile battle in our common defense; and yet capable of throwing a mud ball from which considered this legislation. Nor will the disposition we make of it mean they have no vote when Congress de­ Hawaii to Alaska. Three years ago the clares war, or when the Senate ratifies gentleman had his exhibit on the floor, any more to my particular district than treaties of peace. However we might and that is when my interest in state­ to any other. seek to justify this, there is no evading hood for Alaska began, because I saw Yet I am convinced that there is here the fact that this is taxation without the Territory of Alaska smeared and involved a matter of principle so deep representation. This is government kicked around by implication because of that it makes some of the terms in which without the consent of the governed. alleged communism in places thousands this matter has been discussed seem Were the people of Alaska content in of miles away. I made up my mind rather pale and petty by comparison. such condition, did they not desire the then and there that if I ever supported This could be the most historically sig­ full measure of freedom which we de­ a bill on this floor it wou1d be separate nificant decision to confront us in the mand for ourselves, it would be a differ­ and distinct from any other Territory. 85th Congress. Whether or not to grant ent matter. Yet they have repeatedly We are considering bere Alaska only. Alaska's plea for statehood forces us to memorialized us to make good our 91- The CHAffiMAN. The time of the face up to some searching questions. year-old promise of statehood. They gentleman from New York [Mr. PILLioN] They are questions about ourselves which have become restive and impatient with has expired. probe deeply into our national conscience. .their status as half citizens, and with Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. I yield the They are the kind of questions upon our deliberate delays. They have called gentleman 1 additional minute, M1•. which history, with its cold and stern im­ themselves together in convention, Chairman. partiality, will make its judgment of na­ written and adopted a constitution, and Mr. PILLION. Does the gehtleman tions. Here are three of those questions: declared themselves to be a State. Our believe that the situation in Venezuela First of all, do we as a Nation really decision can be no longer delayed. is mud? Does the gentleman believe and truly believe what we professed to OUR PROMISE that the situation in France with its believe 182 years ago at the inception of Communist impli'Cations there is nothing our Republic? And do we practice what There is an intangible something in but mud? Is the situation in Syria and we preach? the history of nations which marks some Lebanon and Egypt mud? It is all a for enduring greatness and others for Secondly, are we a nation which holds fleeting fame and mediocrity. It is ·a part of the .Communist consptracy of its promises sacred, a people to whom our which Bridges and his union is an inte­ quality of honor. In what sanctity do national word is inviolable? · we hold the promise of the United gral part in Hawaii. I show the gentle­ Finally, what is to be our destiny? Is man this document that was issued by States? the United States finished with growing? In the original treaty of cession by the Territorial Committee for the Study Are we still young and vibrant and vital, of Communism and Subversion, hun­ which Alaska was annexed, this solemn with a message and a mission and a fu­ and specific commitment was made: dreds of pages. ture in the world? Or have we reached Mr. O'BRIEN of New York. How The inhabitants of the ceded Terri­ the stale matmity from which the only tory * * *shall be admitted to the enjoyment much communism is there in Alaska? road leads downhill? Mr. PILLION. Much of what I have of all the rights, advantages, and immunities said here is reported in this; it is the History is demanding an answer to of citizens of the United States. the~e questions. The world is keenly in­ 1955 report. This so shocked the Com­ terested in our answer. Our enemies, That was the pledge. It was the word munist Party that they went to the leg­ looking for the vacillation that bespeaks of the United States of America, given islature and the legislature just about wavering weakness, are interested. We 91 years ago. It was a treaty, the high­ completely cut the funds of that inves­ est form of contract, to which our Gov­ tigating organization. ourselves should be most interested of ·all. Let us examine each of these questions ernment was a solemn signatory, and Mr. O'BRIEN of New York. This was in the clear, clean light of honest intro­ to which all mankind are witnesses. not an Alaskan investigation. spection. In the very act of incorporation as a Mr. PILLION. No, it was the inves­ Territory was the implicit promise• of tigation in 1Iawaii. Here is the 1957 OUR MOST BASYC PRYNCYPLE eventual statehood. Like Hawaii, Alaska report. The funds were cut off and they Does this Nation, born of a burning was taken into the United States as a had no means for printing it. It was passion for freedom and swearing at its permanent part thereof. There is a printed at the expense of a group of founding an oath of eternal hostility world of difference between such an in­ Hawaiian residents, a group of patriotic against colonial domination, still hold corporated Territory and a dependent citizens who collect something like this basic principle to be the source of possession such as Puerto Rico, the Vir­ $90,000 a year to fight and counteract our strength? gin Islands, and Guam. the $250,000 per year spent by the Com­ Do we still believe, as we so so1emnly The Philippine Islands constituted a munist apparatus. affirmed in our Declaration of Independ­ possession. When we fell heir to them Mr. O'BRIEN of New York. What ence, that government derive its just at the end of the Spanish-American does Hawaii have to do with Alaska? powers from the consent of the War, Congress did not consider it ad­ Mr. PILLION. Because Hawaii will governed? visable ever to extend statehood, and be proposed for statehood next. Do we still hold to the principle that therefore did not incorporate them as a Mr. O'BRIEN of New York. And will taxation without representation is tyr­ Territory. They did not pay taxes as be judged on its own merits by this anny? And. if we really believe in these residents of States and Territories are House. · things, do we believe in them only for required to pay them. When finally they 9508 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD -1-IOUSE May 26 attained a readiness for self-government, growth cycle has been completed now Now, if those rights, advantages, and they were granted their independence, that we span the continent. This can­ immunities are important to us, can we which is the eventual goal of a possession. not be, for then the natural order of say they are less importapt to the people The eventual goal of a Territory, on the things would ordain that we have al­ of the Territory of Alaska? Either other hand, can be no other than state­ ready begun to die. Our Nation's found­ they are important or they are not. hood. ers recognized that our national great­ Either they are the goal of mankind's We could no more grant independence ness would be that of an ever-expanding striving; or they are not. Here we stand to Alaska or Hawaii than we could grant Nation. before the world and we say "These it to Texas or Oklahoma. The Supreme There are two ways by which a na­ rights are the important things. These . Court has consistently interpreted the tion may grow; by military conquest or are the things to seek in a government. law to mean that no incorporated Terri· by the willing attachment of others to These are the abiding values." Having tory can ever be separated from us. The it. The first is anathema to us. It· is said this, are we consistent, when people Court speaks of indissoluble bonds, and the way of marauding expansion, the come to us and petition us for these this principle has been affirmed in eight way of the warlord. It does violence to rights, to rebuff them and deny them? different decisions of our highest tri­ the consciences of free men. The latter And that, it seems to me, is the basic bunal, dating to the famous 'Dred Scott is the route of statehood, the method principle underlying this entire discus­ case. The only purpose of incorporation ordained by our Founding Fathers, the sion. For freedom is not a thing of as a Territory is to tie the area insepara­ manner in which we grew throughout little supply, to be hoarded and kept ble and irrevocably to the United States · the 19th century and the early years of from others for fear that they, in gain­ in preparation for its statehood. the 20th, while our example inspired ing it, would take it from us arid .we Except for the 13 founding colonies mankind and popular people's move­ would have less of it for ourselves. and four others, every State in the Union . ments throughout the world were seek­ Freedom is a gift, a blessing of God, served an apprenticeship as a Territory. ing to model new governments after our a thing to be shared. As with all bless­ The Northwest Ordinance established own. ings, its richest enjoyment comes in the the criteria for Territories• becoming 'n should be a matter of great pride to · sharing of it. If we truly value it, we States and by its language assumed that us that there are those in Alaska and want others to enjoy it too. . upon meeting the criteria a Territory Hawaii who desire to tie themselves to If we love freedom, as we claim to was entitled to statehood. Out of the us with the indissoluble bonds of state­ love it, we feel about it as we do our 31 Territories Congress has created, the hood, to share. our perils and our respon­ faith. With a missionary zeal, we want promise of statehood has been redeemed sibilities. For it proves that there still . to spread it, to share it, to tell the · for all save Alaska and Hawaii. Alaska is something dynamic and attractive world of it, to bring othets . into the has been waiting for 91 years, and that . and growing .in the American experi­ warmth of its glow . is a long time to wait for a promise to be ment in free government. It gives hope Whenever we cease to feel that mis­ kept. that the American ideal, far from being sionary zeal about this thing called free­ OUR FUTURE? a thing of the past, is the wave of the dom, whenever we begin to begrudge it The final question, in a material sense, future. . to others and selfishly seek to enjoy it might be the most crucial one of all. What an example it could be to the exclusively for ourselves alone, then we For it places us in true historic perspec­ uncommitted peoples of the world, now shall have ceased to deserve it. And, tive. What is our destiny? 'Where do wavering between our way and that of ceasing to deserve it, w~ may find that we go from here? the Communist ideology. What a con­ we have it no more. . Thomas Carlyle, writing in the 19th trast to the method by which commu- Mr. MILLER of Nebraska. Mr. Chair­ century, drew a very vivid, and it seems . nism has expanded its sphere. Where man, I . yield 5 minutes to the gentleman to me a valid, analogy.· He compared the they have achieved growth by the route from Wyoming [Mr. THOMSON]. life of a nation to that· of a living organ­ of subversion and military conquest, we Mr. THOMSON of Wyoming. Mr. ism. It is born, as with man, in can be expanding by .the voluntary Chairman, considerable point has been travail ·and pain; it develops through method, by peoples coming to us as ma~e in this debate as to some mys­ tender childhood and reckless adoles­ Alaska has come and asking to be united terious . giveaway ·of mineral rights. I cence; it matures and. reaches its full with us in the whole enjoyment of .our did not intend to take part in the de­ tlower and productivity; it then begins freedoms. But what a tragic example bate until that came up, but it is a mat­ an inevitable decline~ ending in stagna­ if we should meet them with rude rebuff ter of such vital importance to the tion and de_cay. when they come asking only to share Western States, particularly the 11 I would ask the opponents of this legis­ with us the whole enjoyment of our Western States, that I thought it should lation if it is their contention that Amer­ freedoms, as we promised them 91 years be clarified. I realize that it is some­ ica's growth is finished? Is our Nation ago. thing that is easily misunderstood by a still a vibrant, growing organism, capa­ We pledged at that time that the peo­ person who does not live from day to ble of world leadership, or must we con­ ple of Alaska, "shall be admitted to the day with some of the terms that are cede that our finest hour is past and that enjoyment of all the rights, advantages, used. further expansion of the American ideal and immunities of citizens of the United I have not had the opportunity to ex­ is foredoomed? States." Now, can anybody seriously amine the acts of admission of all the Karl Marx, the infamous . archangel contend that the inhabitants of Alaska various States, but I am familiar with of communism, reveals in his writings have all the rights, advantages, and im­ that of the State which I represent, the that he had considerable respect for munities of citizens when they have no State of Wyoming; and I think the capitalist vigor and achievements, but voice in the Congress? Could anyone others are in· general similar on this he believed that a nation such as ours seriously maintain that they have the point. contained in it the seeds of inevitable rights, advantages, and immunities of By the Act of Admission of the State decay, and he insisted that only in those citizens of the United States when they of Wyoming, under section 13 thereof, far advanced and even de~lining States have no choice in the selection of the it is provided: · . could the socialist revolutionaries hope President of the United States? Can All mineral lands shall be exempted from to succeed. A capitalist nation, accord­ anyone honestly say that they have the the grants made by this act. But if sections ing to his dialectic, would destroy itself rights, advantages, and immunities the 16 and 36, or any subdivision or portion of through selfishness and overcautious re­ l."_est of us enjoy when they have no choice any smallest subdivision thereof in any ,. township, shall be fo~nd by the Department trenchment. It was to . be the Com­ even in the selection of a governor for munists' goal to wait patiently and seize of the Interior to be mineral lands, said their Territory? Can anyone say they State is hereby authorized and empow~red power when the once vibrant nation have those rights, advantages, and im­ to select, in legal subdivisions, an equal grew old, static, and weary of the ideals munities which we hold dear and which quantity of other unappropriated lands in that had given it birth and the bloom of we would fight to defend if anyone even said State . in lieu thereof, for the use and growth. suggested that 'they were about to be the benefit of the common schools of said It could be tragic indeed if we should taken away from Texas, Virginia, Okla­ st~te. deliberately decide that we are all fin­ homa, !"lorida, or any of the other The mere mentioning that mineral ished with growing, that our national States? lands are exempted from the grant ap- 1958 _CO.NGRESSlONAL RECORD-. HOUSE 9509 pears to be misunderstood to mean that cultivation, and settlement, and to the misled by the argument that has been proper enjoyment of their Jurisdiction and minerals are exempted from the lands sovereignty. · · made. I sincerely hope the time will . granted. But that is · ~imply not the come when the inequities as far as the fact. The Geological Survey prior to The Constitution provides for the ad­ other 11 Western States are concerned the time that these States came in had mission of new States. In the same can be corrected and these States will made certain examinations and surveys article IV, it is provided in section 2 in truth and in fact as their organic of the lands within the State a.nd _had that: acts provide be States on an equal foot­ found some of them valuable for min­ The citizens of each State shall be en­ ing with all of the other States. eral purposes. They were desjgnated as titled to all privileges and immunities of Mr. O'BRIEN of New York. Mr. mineral lands. But other lands were citizens in the several States. Chairman, I yield 5 minutes to the gen­ open and unappropriated and a ~tate In the treaties by which we acquired tleman from Maine [Mr. CoFFIN]. could select them, and the State ob- land from Mexico, France, and other Mr. COFFIN. Mr. Chairman, as I . tained the title to the minerals in the countries, it was clear that the Territory have listened to a good part of this lands which they acquired, was to be incorporated into the Union in debate, I could not but be impressed by As a matter of ~ fact, in the case of due time as States on an equal footing the level on which it was conducted. I State of Wyoming against the United with the other States. In each of the think this debate has occurred in the States, it was decided-this was re­ organic acts, I have seen, it is stated that highest of parliamentary traditions. We ported in 255 United ~tes 493-that States shall be admitted on an equal in this body should never feel we have the State having made a selection of footing. That has been construed by abandoned the tradition of a delibera­ lands that at the time were open and the Supreme Court. In the case of Pol­ tive body under a free parliamentary not classified as mineral lands, the State lard's Lessee against Hagen, et al., Jus­ system. acquired an equitable right to the lands tice McKinley, delivering the opinion of As I listened to the gentleman from even before the selection was approved the Court, had this to say. This was a New York a few moments ago, as he by the Sect;etary of Interior, and the case involving the State of Alabama: spoke against Alaskan statehood, I could subsequent classification by the Federal The right of Alabama and every other not help but admire the historical and Government of such lands as mineral new State to exercise all the powers of gov­ constitutional study that went into his lands did not justify the Secretary of ernment, which belong to and may be_ex­ presentation. But it seemed to me· that Interior in withholding transfer to the ercised by the original States of the Union, he argued too much when he said that State, even though oil had in fact been must be admitted, and remain unques­ our system was the only one of its kind discovered thereon. tioned, except so far as they are, tempo­ in effect, that other systems such as The State was entitled to the lands rarily, deprived of control over the public lands. that prevailing in Germany, mentioning including the minerals. I thought this Whenever the United States shall have the Bundesrat and the Bundestag, did should be further clarified. fully executed these trusts, the municipal not have two bodies with largely co­ · If there is .anything I would object to sovereignty of the new States will be com­ equal rights and duties, with one body in the mineral provision, it is the re­ plete, throughout their respective borders, giving equal representation to areas of striction that is put upon the State of and they, and the original States, will be differing populations and differing Alaska as far as the transfer of minerals upon an equal footing in all respects what- strengths. to individuals is concerned. It was ever. I began to feel that at that moment never the policy of this Government Again in the case of Scott against the statehood .of my own State of Maine that the Government should be a great Sanford in the concurring opinion of was in jeopardy because our population and huge landowner. This subject Justice Catron he very well spoke for is not so great as most of the other came up in the Congress of the Con­ the Court in principle when he stated States. Yet, I think in the history of federation and the Continental Con­ that the theory is that the States had our country, we have made our contri­ gress in 1780 adopted a resolution on it. reserved the ultimate power over .their bution as have the Representatives and Here is their policy as to public_lands: own soil. On the other hand, the United Senators of other States, many of those The unappropriated lands that may be States had temporary authority over the being of small size. 'ceded or relinquished to tP.e United· States public domain in the States for the pur­ I think the gentleman from Texas • • • shall be disposed of for the common pose of disposal under the Constitution benefit of the United States, and be settled who spoke more recently phrased the and formed into distinct republican States, and international treaties. faith which I· share in the future of our which shall become members of the Federal The point is simply this, that the country and in the future of Alaska Union, and have the same rights of sov­ Federal Government under the original should statehood be granted. I suspect ereignty, freedom, and independence as the concept and the· concept that we still when all the arguments are finished and other States. have been following was not set up to all the facts have been tallied and pub­ The reason that the public lands were be a landowner or a huge land baron as lished in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, ceded by the original 13 States to the in governments of other philosophies. what we do here will be an act of faith. Federal Government was to make for The idea was that the public lands I submit, in the coQrse of our delibera­ equal States and to make provision for would be held in trust by the Federal tions, that we seldom have opportunity .the payment of the Revolutionary War Government to be disposed of so that to take :;~.ction that is good for the long debt. It was never intended that we they would be subject to taxation and run as well as good for the immediate should be -a country with Goverr1ment subject to individual ownership. As far future. The issue that comes before us .ownership of land. That is contrary to as the 11 Western States are concerned, tomorrow comes before us at a particu­ -our basic philosophy. In 1832, the Pub­ this policy has been changed- with re­ larly fortunate time. We have an un­ lic Lands Subcommittee of the United spect to our minerals since 1920, when usual opportunity to· do something not States Senate made a complete survey title to land was passed into private only for the indefinite, permanent future of the whole question and reported to ownership. This is not leaving them on but something that will strike a blow that the Senate in part as follows, showing an equal footing with the other States. is badly needed today. In the cold war the continued land policy of the United I think this is a situation which shouki that we are fighting, in this great con­ States: be corrected by separate legislation, but test of ideas and ideals between our way Our pledge would not be redeemed by certainly following the basic policies of of life and that of the Soviet Union, we merely dividing the surface into States and the United States in turning over the find that all too often our friends over­ giving them names. The public debt being minerals beneath these 182 million acres seas have forgotten the heart and soul now paid·, the public lands are entirely re­ to the State of Alaska is not a deviation of our tradition of freedom and democ­ leased from the pledge they were under to or is not a giveaway. racy and self-government and think of that object, and are free to receive a new The only provision in this act more us chiefly in terms of economic and mili­ and liberal destination for the relief of the favorable than the acts of the other States in which they lie. The speedy ex­ tary power. Here it seems to me is an tinction of the Federal title within their .States in that respect is that if some of opportunity to demonstrate that ours is limits is necessary to the independence of these lands in Alaska may have been the only way of life under which it is the new States, to their equality with elder designated as mineral lands, they can possible to have great power coexistent States, to the development of their resources, still be selected by the State of Alaska. with freedom and self-government. You to the subjection of their soil to taxation, I sincerely hope that no one will be have heard many times on the floor of 9510 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE May 26 the House reference made to the pledge original Americans. Does the gentleman mitted to have its own legislature, it at the time the treaty with Russia was not think that would be a good place to has served its apprenticeship as an or­ signed, pledging the rights and immuni­ start? ganized Territory. At the outset it was ties to the people of Alaska that are Mr. COFFIN. In so far as a good underdeveloped, and commenced govern­ possessed by the citizens of this Nation. place to start is concerned, any place mental operations on a very small scale. I just want to expand on the theme of is a good place to start. We cannot Appropriations for all Territorial gov­ the timeliness of the admission of Alaska. correct all the sins and errors and omis­ ernment activities during the first few I do this because this question has come sions of this country for 180 years, but years were less than one million dollars before this body so often in the past that, we have a chance to do something today per year. As late as 1945 the Alaska perhaps, there is a tendency to say, "Oh, and do something right and sound, and Legislature appropriated just over five well, we do not need to do this today and I do not think we should miss the op­ and one-half million dollars for the bi­ we can put it off for awhile-this is so pOrtunity. ennium ending March 31, 1947. irrevocable." The CHAIRMAN. The time of the Since that time the rapid growth of Mr. Chairman, I submit there is no gentleman from Maine [Mr. CoFFIN] Alaska has impelled Alaskans to meet better time than now. Alaska, as you has again expired. their many problems, which they have have been told, · is a nonselfgoverning Mr. McGREGOR. Mr. Chairman, I done in a politically mature manner. portion of the Free World-it is that make the point of order that a quorum Since enactment of Alaska's basic tax portion liying closest to the Russian po­ is not present. program by ~ 1949 legislature, reve­ lice state. No other area occupied by The CHAffiMAN (Mr. MILLS) . The nues have increased to over forty mil­ free men lies so close to that fortress Chair will count. [After counting.] lion dollars per biennium-$20 · million across the narrow strait. Communist Forty-five Members are present; not a per year. For the purpose of this dis­ imperialism has gobbled up one by one quorum. cussion, I will speak in terms of cost of such countries as Lithuania, Estonia, The Clerk will call the roll. government in Alaska per year and in Latvia, Poland, Rumania, Bulgaria, The Clerk called the roll, and the fol­ terms of revenues derived by Alaska each Czechoslavakia, Hungary, and East Ger­ lowing Members failed to answer to their year. many. Now only 54 miles separate Alas­ names: It is my purpose to discuss the princi­ ka and Siberia across the Bering Strait. [Roll No. 75] pal objection which I have heard voiced One can stand on the shore of Alaska Andrews Fogarty O;:mers to the effect that Alaska cannot afford Anfuso Forand Passman and look across and see the headlands Ashley Fulton Patterson statehood. If Alaskans can afford state­ of Siberia. There are two islands-Big Auchincloss Gordon Philbin hood, there is no valid reason why their Diomede and Little Diomede-one Rus­ Baker Granahan Poage fundamental rights as American citizens sian and one American. They lie only Barden Green, Pa. Powell Barrett Gregory Radwan should not be extended to them at this 2 ~ miles apart in the Bering Str.aits. Bass, N.H. Gross Reece, Tenn. time. Russia has forcibly evacuated the inhabi­ Bass, Tenn. Gubser Riley Since undertaking the responsibilities tants of her island, Big Diomede, and she Becl{er Gwinn Robeson, Va. of giving full-fledged governmental serv­ Bentley Haskell Robison, N.Y. has deported them to the Siberian main­ Boggs Healey Rodino ices to the people of Alaska, the Terri­ land. In contrast, the inhabitants of our Boland Hemphill Rogers, Mass. tory has established and maintains every island, Little Diomede, live there unmo­ Bolling Henderson Sadlak department and function common to the Breeding Hillings Saund lested. Their loyalty to Uncle Sam was Brooks, La. Holifield Scott, N.C. States, except four which Congress spe­ shown during World War II when every Buckley Holt Seely-Brown cifically reserved to Federal control in male resident of the island who was Budge Jackson - Selden the Organic Act of -1912. The four cate­ Burdick James Shelley not enrolled in our Armed Forces vol­ Byrd Jenkins Sheppard gories to which I refer are: court system, unteered for service . in the Alaskan Byrnes, Wis. Jennings Shuford administration of fish and wildlife, gov­ Territorial Guard, the youngest being Carnahan Judd . Sieminski ernor's office, ll!nd the legislature, the two boys 13 and 14 years of age but phys­ Celler Kearney Siler Territory already paying one-half of the Chelf Kearns Smith, Miss. ically able to perform the services Chiperfleld Kilburn Spence c.ost of the Alaska Legislature and a por­ required. Christopher Knutson Staggers tion of the expense of the governor's Mr. Chairman, Hungary is a name Clark Lane Steed office. I have before me a list showing Clevenger LeCompte Taylor that has been emblazoned on the pages Colmer Lennon Teague, Tex. 70 agencies and functions for which the of history for all time. It seems to me Cooley Lesinski Teller ·Alaska Legislature appropriates, includ­ that if we believe this is a wise and a Corbett McCarthy Thompson, La. ing an excellent school system and a fully Coudert Mcintosh Trimble good act, now is the time to make sure curtis, Mo. Mack, Wash. Udall accredited university. that Alaska shall be a name emblazoned Dawson, Ill. Mahon VanZandt Alaska has adopted compliance acts on the pages of history for all time. Derounian Marshall Vinson for participatien in Federal programs the Alaska and Hungary, the perfect op­ Dies , Martin Wainwright same as all the States, and has paid its Dingell May . Watts posites-the perfect symbols of the Dollinger Merrow Wharton way on the same basis as the States. fight for the ideas and hopes of mankind Dowdy Miller, Calif. Wier Alaskans have done all this without in­ with which we are now confronted. Doyle Morano Williams, Mass. curring any bonded indebtedness, having Durham Morris Wilson, Calif. Mr. HALEY. Mr. Chairman, will the Eberharter Morrison Winstead managed to maintain a small surplus gentleman yield? Engle Moulder Zelenka from year to year, which I regard as a Mr. COFFIN. I yield. Farbstein Multer remarkable performance. Mr. HALEY. I agree with what the Fino O 'Hara, Minn. In the light of the· fact that the peo­ gentleman has said about the sanctity Accordingly the Committee rose; and ple of our great northern Territory have of treaties and so forth. the Speaker having resumed the chair, already .achieved what is virtually tanta­ I am just wondering if the gentleman Mr. MILLS, Chairman of the Committee mount to a State government, the ques­ is aware of the many, many treaties of the Whole House on the State of the tion as to whether Ala'Ska can afford that our -Government has with the Union, reported that that Committee statehood hinges upon the cost of the American Indians, if he can go along having had under consideration the bill extra four functions which I have men­ with me in trying to protect some of H. R. 7999, and finding itself without a tioned. Based on cost to the Federal those treaties. quorum, he had directed the roll to be Government of carrying out these func­ Mr. COFFIN. Treaties with the called, when 298 Members responded to tions, and in round figures, the situation American Indians? · their names, a quorum, and he submit­ is as follows: Mr. HALEY. Yes. ted herewith the names of the absentees The Federal Government appropriates Mr. COFFIN. I would certainly agree to be spread upon the Journal. approximately $2 million per year for the with the gentleman. Our record in that The Committee resumed its sitting. court system in Alaska, including mar­ case is far from something to be proud Mr. O'BRIEN of New York. Mr. shals' offices and jails. The proposed of. Chairman, I yield such time as she may State, with a full-ftedged territorial Mr. HALEY. I think if we are going desire to the gentlewoman from Idaho police system, is already prepared to to respect treaties that we have made [Mrs. PFOST]. carry out llllw enforcement and take over we should try to go back and respect Mrs. PFOST. Mr. Chairman, during the work of process serving, which is a some of the treaties we made with the the last 46 years since Alaska was per- principal function of the United States 1958 -_· CON_GRESSI0NAL RECORD- HOUSE 9511 marshals, - However, debt service on new three and three-quarter million dollars Department of Labor. courthouses and jails and expansion of pel" year, leaving less than $1 million per Department of Lands. . the territorial police would make the annum as an additional tax burden upon Legislative CounciL ' additional cost to the new State for its Alaskans. This is no obstacle to state­ Department of Library Service. judiciS~ry about $2 million annually, al­ hood as far as Alaskans are concerned. Board of Medical Examiners. though one Federal district court would For example, the Territory as yet does Interim Care of Mentally Ill. remain in Alaska, at Federal expense, not have a general property tax, which Department of Mines. and retain jurisdiction of Federal cases source alone would meet the need. An­ National Guard. amounting to about one-fifth of Alaska's other thing which lends stability to Alas­ Nurses Examining Board. volume of court business. ka's present position is the fact that the Board of Optometry. The cost to the Federal Government of 84th Congress brought Alaska under the Board of Pharmacy. approximately $2 million per year for Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956. Al­ Pioneers' Home. management of fish and wildlife re­ though Alaska shares in this program Department of Territorial Police. sources is another financial burden on the basis of only one-third of its area, Predatory Animal Control. which would fall upon the new State. it is entitled to approximately $15 mil­ Aid to Prospectors and Miners. The expense of the governor's office and lion per year, which it may use in part Department of Public Welfare. full cost of the ~tate legislature would for highway maintenance as well as Real Estate Board. amount to about one-half million dollars construction. Alaska's 5-cent gasoline­ Resource Development Board. per year over and above what the Terri­ sales tax, which produces about three and Rural Development Board. tory -is now spending in those fields. a half million dollars per year, affords Safety Council. These items of new expense which I have ample funds for matching purposes for Soil Conservation Board. just mentioned would total $4% million highways. Department of Taxation. per year, for which the new State would In brief, Alaskans, in anticipation of Treasurer of Alaska. have to be responsible. statehood for which they are now press­ University of Alaska. However, there are certain offsets ing, . have, through foresight and con­ Commission of Veterans' Affairs. which would come with statehood, and structive action, put their financial and Veterans' Service Council. certain recent developments in Alaska governmental house in order, which fact, Vocational Rehabilitation. which virtually assure the needed new combined with the Federal measures Western Interstate Commission for revenue. I have mentioned plus the rapid Higher Education. · · The first that comes to my mind is the development of Alaska's great po­ While this is just a bare-bones outline item of 70 percent of the proceeds from tential in the oil, gas and timber fields, of Territorial agencies, it may be useful the Pribilof Seal Fisheries, amounting to leaves no valid reason why these fellow to detail the appropriation for a typical approximately $1% million per year. United States citizens should not now be department, to illustrate the variety of Next is revenue of about one-half mil­ granted the fundamental rights upon activities within such. Here, for ex­ lion dollars per year which will be derived which our great democracy is founded. ample, is the Department of Health, as from fish and wildlife licenses and In conclusion, I wish to say that I have provided for by the 1957 legislature ·in -matching funds connected therewith, every confidence in the ability of Alas­ its appropriations act: fines, fees and forfeitures from the court kans to solve their problems, the same as Department of Health system, and revenues which will be de­ Americans everywhere have solved Health and sanitation______$380, 120. 00 rived from the State domain of 182,800,- theirs, and I believe that the recognition Tuberculosis, hospitalization, 000 acres. Of course, the revenue from of Alaska as a State of the Union will and control------781,500.00 this latter source will increase greatly as "put it on the map", so to speak, and Hospital and medical facilities Alaska develops. promote its growth and ultimate pros­ survey, planning, supervi- Under the heading of new develop­ perity to the advantage of all the people sion, and licensing______25, 000. 00 ments, I wish to point out that this Con­ of our great Union of States. Vital statistics______65, 000. 00 Agencies, activities, and functions Payments to United States gress has recently granted Alaska 90 per­ Commissioners ------40, 000. 00 cent of the gross receipts from oil, gas, which the Territory of Alaska now car­ Mental health program______52, 000. 00 and coal leases in Alaska. This will ries on: Remodeling existing hospitals mean at least $1% million a year for Board of Accountancy. for mental health brief care_ 40, 000. 00 Alaska not previously available. Department of Agriculture. Alaska food, drug, and cos- In view of the fact that oil has now Aid to Agricultural and Industrial metic controL______15, 000. 00 Fairs. To implement chapter 125, SLA been found in commercial quantities on 1955, as to food processors the Kenai Peninsula, application for oil Agricultural Pest and Disease Control and packers______10,000.00 leases to date amount to about 25 million Fund. Water pollution control and acres at 25 cents per acre. Agricultural Revolving Loan Fund. sewage disposaL______25, 000.00 Alaska is also granted 52% percent of Alaska Visitors Association-Tourism. Physical examination of school- the revenues from oil and gas produc­ Office of Attorney General. children______30, 000. 00 tion as soon as production starts. Sec­ Department of Aviation. Polio vaccine______10, 000. 00 retary seaton has announced that he Banking Board. Community hospital deficits will soon open up the Gubik gas and Bar Association. assistance------15,000.00 oil fields which are slated for rapid de­ Basic Sciences Board. Total------1,488,620.00 velopment. Accordingly, in due course Board of Chiropractic Examiners. the oil and gas revenues to Alaska will Civil Air Patrol. Mr. RAY. Mr. Chairman, I ask unani­ substantially exceed the one-and-a-half Department of Civil Defense. mous consent to extend my remarks at million dollars per year currently forth­ Coal Miners Examining Board. thiS point in the RECORD. coming. Division of Communications. The CHAIRMAN. Is there objection I should also note that Alaska will Board of Cosmetology. to the request of the gentleman from New continue to receive 25 percent of the na­ Board of Dental Examiners. York? tional forest receipts which now amount Department of Education. There was no objection. to approximately $150,000 per year, but Employment Security Commission. Mr. RAY. Mr. Chairman, debate upon which will be doubled as soon as the new O:tfice of Fire Marshal. the bill H. R. 7999, to grant statehood to pulp mill at Sitka gets under operation. Department of Fisheries and Game. · Alaska, has been thorough and inform­ In other words, forest receipts will short­ Fisheries Experimental Commission. ative. I have decided to vote against ly exceed one-quarter million dollars Gas and Oil Conservation Commission. that bill. The short statement of my per year, and with the probable advent Department of Health. of at least two additional pulp mills Historical Library and Museum. reasons for that decision is that I am within the next 10 years, for which for­ Department of Highways and Public not able to say that admission of Alaska est leases have already been let, will ex­ Works. would be in the public interest at this ceed one-half million dollars per year. Industrial Board. time. Thus, in round figures, these offsets Insurance Department. Mr. O'BRIEN of New York. Mr. and new revenues will come to at least Board of Juvenile Institution. Chairman, I yield the balance of the time 9512 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE May 26 to the distinguished Delegate from Alaska confidently believed that the Uplted defense, and the most outstanding m111- [Mr. BARTLETT]. States was unbeatable, and through our tary figures have urged statehood for Mr. SCO'IT of Pennsylvania. Mr. manifest strength could overawe any that reason. Chairman, Will the gentleman yield? possible aggressors and preserve peace. The late Robert P. Patterson, after Mr. BARTLE'IT. I yield to the gentle­ We believed that because of our imme­ distinguished service as Secretary of man from Pennsylvania. diate past performance in World War War, felt so strongly on the subject that Mr. SCO'IT of Pennsylvania. May I n. We believed it because of our arma­ after returning to the practice of law say to the Delegate from Alaska that I ments, our mobilized manpower, our in private life, when he certainly was have long been sympathetic With the technical superiority, our industrial po­ under no compulsion to express himself measure which is now before the House. tential, and support we felt assured of on this subject, communicated directly I commend him on his zeal and continued from our former associates in the Free with the chairman of the Senate com­ devotion to the cause. I want him to World. mittee holding hearings on statehood in know that I support the measure and will That situation no longer exists. 1950, saying: be glad to vote for it, and count on the There is no need for me, in these re­ I strongly support passage of the Alaska opportunity soon to welcome Alaska as marks, to spell out the extent to which statehood b111. the 49th State. that formerly favorable situation has Mr. BARTLETT. I thank the gentle­ altered, and how much our relative posi­ Let me quote-in part-what that sol­ man for what he has said and for his tion has deteriorated. We all know that dier and able military administrator support. we need to catch up in many aspects Bob Patterson wrote: Mr. PRICE. Mr. Chairman, will the of our national security. I support statehood for Alaska on many gentleman yield? The international situation is chang­ grounds. In simple justice to the 100,000 Mr. BARTLE'IT. I yield to the gen­ ing from week to week. Who shall dare Americans living there, Alaska would be the 49th State. Some may say that 100,000 are tleman from Illinois. to assert that it is changing for the not so many people; but half of our present Mr. PRICE. First, may I express the better in terms of the peace and freedom States did not have 100,000 inhabitants at hope that the gentleman from Alaska is to which we aspire? Who shall dare as­ the time of their attainment of the status about to -see the realization of the dream sert that it is changing for the better of a State. he has cherished for many years. I am in our ability to guard the trouble spots confident that when the House has the of potential aggression, or even of pro­ I will interject at that point that when opportunity to vote on this measure it tecting ourselves adequately in the event Bob Patterson-a resident of New York will receive the overwhelming support of of major war? State-wrote that letter iil April 1950, the Members of the House. There is considerable doubt among us the 1950 decennial census had not been as to what diplomatic and economic completed, and the Alaska population Mr. Chairman, the House has a right figure of 100,000 which he cited, has and a duty to inquire into statehood policies we had best pursue abroad to attain our objectives. There are divided since more than doubled. I quote fur­ from the military standpoint. ther from Secretary Patterson's letter: Alaska is a vitally strategic area. counsels among us as to what weapons shall be given priority in our arsenal of I also believe that statehood will be to the Last week the gentleman from Penn­ advantage of the entire Nation, politically, sylvania [Mr. SAYLOR] announced that defense, and to what branch of our armed services they shall be entrusted. socially, economically. There can be no the Commander in Chief, President question that the resources of Alaska, rich Eisenhower, approves the Alaska state­ But there is no division of opinion but now largely latent, wm be developed hood bill in its present form. Do we among our military leaders on the value more rapidly when Alaska is recognized as need better military judgment on the of statehood for Alaska to national de­ a State, a full-fledged partner with the other fense. States. proposition of statehood? Why not pursue one course that we We have another witness on this sub­ know will pay dividends to our national Then, Secretary Patterson continued, ject, a man who served as commander security? he would not take time to discuss these in chief of the Alaskan command and General Twining, testifying before the other matters, but would confine him­ who is now Chairman of the Joint Chiefs House committee on the Alaska state­ self, and I quote him, "to the advantages of Staff. In March of 1957, Gen. Na­ hood legislation now before us, pointed the United States will derive in national than Twining said before the Interior out that he had favored statehood when defense by recognition of the claims of and Insular Affairs Committee, "As stu­ he had testified before a Senate commit­ Alaska for statehood." dents of the history of bills favoring tee 8 years ago. He was then-in And since I am dealing with that very statehood for Alaska are aware, I testi­ 1950-commander in chief of the subject, I ask you to give close attention fied in 1950 that I, personally, was in Alaska command. He had served in to the words of ex-Secretary of War favor of statehood. At that time I was that capacity for 2 years. He knew Patterson, a man of sound judgment and commander in chief of the Alaskan Alaska from firsthand experience. He of proved experience in the realm of command and I spoke only on the gen­ had borne that great responsibility dur­ national defense. eral proposition of statehood, as distinct ing the growing menace of the cold war I am thinking back- from the specific provisions of any Alas­ and potential aggression from an enemy kan bill, as such. My personal views nearer to Alaska than to any other part He wrote- that statehood should be g_ranted when of our Nation. No one in our Military to those anxious days in 1942, 8 years ago, the time was ripe have never changed. Establishment knows Alaska and Alas­ when the Japanese threat to Alaska was one I am happy, therefore, to be able to say ka's military value better than General of our gravest concerns. We had lost com­ in my official capacity, in this month of mand of the Pacific for the time being. Our Twining. route to Alaska by sea-and we then had no March 1957 that, in my opinion, the "Statehood would help the military," other access-was uncertain. The Japanese time is ripe for Alaska to become a said General Twining-back in 1950- had seized Attu and Kiska in the Aleutians State." and he pointed out that the greater sta­ and no one knew what they would try So, we know positively and conclusive­ bility, the improved economy and the next. • • • ly that the military leaders of this Na­ greater ease in obtaining materials un­ It was brought home to me at the time tion favor statehood for Alaska. der statehood, were among the reasons that our chief difficulty in defending Alaska Without exception, military experts why he favored statehood from a defense was the problem of supplying military forces have testified that granting statehood there. It would do no good to place troops standpoint. there if they could not be maintained, kept to Alaska will strengthen our national Now, after having served for 4 years equipped, and moved from place to place. defense. as Chief of Staff of the United States· A solution to the supply problem in Alaska It is undeniable that developments Air Force, and having become Chairman was the key to success in defense of the within the last few years have created of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, General United States against attack from the north­ valid doubt as to the actual military Twining reaffirms his stand for Alaskan west. might of the United States today, in re­ statehood, not merely as his personal Alaska was not lacking or deficient In lation to its needs. most of the raw materials needed for supply view, but in his o:tncial capacity. of military forces. It had timber, minerals, A decade ago-in the wake of mag­ No military leaders have expressed any petroleum. What was lacking, what waa nificent victories on land, air and sea, dissent from the view that statehood deficient, was the population to develop the and in every theater of operations-we for Alaska would strengthen the national available resources. The Territory was so 1958 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 9513 thinly peopled that the resources in the soil other ways of strengthening our national standably of great interest to the mem­ could not be converted into useful products defenses. bership. It had to do with the coming save on the most meager basis. We have military bases all over the reapportionment in 1960. A table ap­ Five years later, in 1947, the War Depart­ world, built at great cost. They are pended to the statement expressed the ment made an intensive study of Alaska defense under cold war conditions. There among the calculated risks we have felt opinion that 18 seats will be lost by re­ was general agreement that the defense of it necessary to take. But how certain · apportionment. It is added that admis­ Alaska was vital to the defense of the United are we that those bases on foreign soil are sion of Alaska and Hawaii would cause States • • •. There was also general agree­ secure against changes of government? a loss of 3 more seats, or a total of 21. ment that nothing would strengthen our de· How sure are we that they may not be But we are not considering Hawaii fenses in Alaska as much as an increase in built on the quicksands of internal re- · now-we are considering only Alaska. population, to the end that the basic re­ volt, incited uprising, sabotage, subver- One seat is involved here. One seat is sources of the area might be utilized for sion, and intrigue? important admittedly but quite obviously supply of the defending force. What we build in Alaska is on our own it is only of fractional consequence as What was true in 1942 and in 1947 is true American soil. What we build in Alaska compared with the changes which will in 1950- is built in the midst of a hardy, robust, be brought about by reapportionment. Continued Robert Patterson. And, 100 p:rce?t Americ~n c~tizenry. What Certainly, I cannot believe that any­ let me interject, even more true in we bull~ m Alaska lS bmlded. o~ a rock one in this House knowing that 18 seats 1958- of security, loyalty! and patriotism: . are going to be lost anyway with the com- The pr-ime need in national defense- There are .n.o differences of opm~o.n ing of the 1960 census will vote against among our military e~perts on the mill- statehood for Alaska merely because 1 And I am now concluding my quotation tary value of grantmg statehood to seat is at stake. It was only last Wednes­ from Secretary Patterson- Alaska. . day that the distinguished floor manager The prime need in national defense, so far . For over 10 years they have urged this of this bill, the gentleman from New as Alaska is concerned, is growing population. Important step. In those 10 years our York [Mr. O'BRIEN] called attention to In Soviet Russia a need like that would be met by establishment of slave labor camps, relative .military strength in the world the fact that by th~ time his grandson as has been done across the Bering Strait in has declmed. comes of voting age there will be 70 mil- Siberia. That will never be our way. But in Can we afford not to take this one vital lion more people in this country than the interest of our national security we action that is so obvious, so clearly de- there are today. should neglect no measure that will persuade sirable, not to say imperative? These huge population increases and enterprising citizens in suitable numbers to Let us grant Alaska statehood now. shifts will be the determining factors, I settle in Alaska and take their part in devel­ opment of industry, agriculture, transporta­ Mr. BARTLETT. I am glad the gen- suggest, in the composition of State rep­ tion, and other facilities there. tleman from Illinois stated the position resentation in the House of Representa­ The granting of Statehood to Alaska, I on Alaska statehood of the Commander tives, and the one seat from Alaska meas­ am certain, will stimulate the growth of in Chief and the Chairman of the Joint ured in this manner falls into proper population, will promote utilization of re­ Chiefs. perspective. sources and will strengthen the national Now, Mr. Chairman, I do not know his I want to say, Mr. Chairman, that I defense. view on this legislation. I do not know respect the gentleman from Virginia All that is true-if not truer-today, if he has a view. I do know he does not [Mr. SMITH], for his honesty and sincer­ then when Robert Patterson, filled with have a vote. But, I take it that one man ity. I wish he were on my side on this the experience of 4 years of war against associated with this body is happy over issue; I would greatly like to have his Japan, and 5 years of cold war against the course the debate has taken. The support, as I should appreciate, too, the a more powerful, more ruthless and other day I read a newspaper article support of the gentleman from New York geographically closer totalitarianism, so from St. Louis in which the statement [Mr. PILLION], the gentleman from Cali­ cogently stated the national defense was made that Doctor Calver, physician fornia [Mr. HosMER], the gentleman reasons for granting Statehood to for the Capitol, had addressed a medical from Florida [Mr. HALEY], the gentle­ Alaska. gathering there and had said that Mem- man from Texas [Mr. RoGERS] and the Another great soldier who endorsed bers of this body are unusually subject other very formidable antagonists who statehood at that time was the late to coronary attacks because they eat too are alined against this bill. One day I Henry H. Arnold, "Hap" Arnold, who much and do not have enough exercise. believe they will come to the conclusion culminated his great military career as I do not know what their eating habits that we are right in this. the first and only five-star general of have been during the last several days, It has been said that this is a giveaway the Air Force. His knowledge-like but they certainly have had plenty of bill, and that is a subject I want to dis­ General Twining's-was firsthand. As exercise during the afternoons. I m~st cuss here, because it is of importance in Major Arnold of the Army Air Corps, also add that the quorum calls which the minds of the Members; but before he had commanded the first nonstop have brought them here so frequently coming to that let me say to you that flight of army airplanes from the States have not been made by the proponents we have come to this floor in the past to Alaska in 1934. It was he who se­ of the legislation. with a bill which it was said would make lected the sites of Alaska's military air­ Mr. Chairman, in looking over the vote us a pauper state; then the Committee fields on the eve of World War II. which was taken here last Wednesday to on Interior and Insular Affairs after Other outstanding military figures who go into the Committee of the Whole, I deep consideration makes some addi­ endorsed Alaskan statehood were Gen. was particularly struck not only by the tional grants in the statehood bill and Douglas MacArthur, 5-star general of degree of support but by the breadth of now we are told that it is a giveaway bill. the Army, and Adm. Chester W. Nimitz, support. We had affirmative votes on I think the gentleman from Virginia ex­ 5-star fieet admiral-the two great the motion from 40 States of this Union pressed the situation exactly when he leaders on land and sea of our victory in and only 8 States failed to give us 1 or said he could not approve any part of the the Pacific. Another great American more votes. I think that is meaningful. statehood bill, no matter what its Ian­ whose name will be ever imperishably It is in harmony with the public-opinion guage might be; and I suspect that is linked with aviation and exploration­ polls which have been so frequently true of a good many of the opponents. who strongly favored statehood for made. We hope for the continuation of But let us examine this giveaway indict­ Alaska-was the late Adm. Richard E. this support on tomorrow and Wednes- ment. Byrd. day. The land provisions in this bill are Here then is one move the Congress Mr. Chairman, I should like to use my identical, or substantially so, with the can make to strengthen our national se..;. time to comment upon a variety of mat- ·bills which have been before the Cen­ curity. Statehood for Alaska is ap­ ters that have come before the Commit- gress for the last 6 years. There is noth­ proved, endorsed, and urged by every tee during the course of debate. The ing new about the land conveyances in­ military leader, including the present other day my friend, the gentleman corporated in H. R. 7999; they are exactly Commander in Chief of our Armed from New York .[Mr. PILLION] referred the same, for example, as those which are Forces, President Eisenhower. to a communication which he had ad- found in the combined Alaska-Hawaii There may be, and are, differences of dressed to the Members earlier this statehood bill that came in here in May opinion among the military experts on month, and that is on a subject under-· of 1955, the bill that was recommitted. 9514 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE May 26 But curiously enough, although the pro­ When serious consideration was first Now the bill before us provides that visions were identical in respect to min­ given to Alaska statehood, the land for­ Alaska' shall receive just about half of eral grants, in respect to land convey­ mula applied to the latest western terri­ the land area, which is in the aggregate ances, at that time not one word was said tories to be admitted to the Union was of 365 million acres. on that subject during fioor debate. adopted; that is, the State of Alaska The amount of land provided for in I have in my hand a report on that under those early bills would have been the bill first considered by the commit­ combined bill. On page 48 this state­ permitted to receive 4 sections out of tee was less. It was about 103 million ment is made: each 36 in a township. That was the acres. The committee accepted an amendment to boost this to approxi­ Subsection (j). All of the grants duly con­ formula placed in the bill which passed firmed under this act shall include mineral the House in 1950. But, very serious mately half of the land area. The gen­ deposits. objections thereafter were raised. It tleman from New York [Mr. O'BRIEN] was contended that if this formula were has already indicated to you a willing­ That was there; it was in the bill. maintained, intent and accomplishment ness to accept an amendment to bring Nothing was said against it. But now, would be absolutely divorced. This con­ down the land grant· to the original all of a sudden, the implication is made tention was based upon the amount of figure. I go along with him in that. I that by some perhaps devious means, land surveyed at the time of admission. believe that will provide an adequate· some perhaps improper means, the com­ The practice has been for these granted land base for the new State. This mittee is seeking to foist upon this House school sections to be turned over to the would give Alaska just about 27 percent a giveaway proposal. It is not so, and States only after completion of surveys of the land. It probably will be argued I am sincerely appreciative in that con­ by the Federal Government. That was that this is a greater percentage figure nection of the contribution to the subject the situation so far as Alaska is con­ than was in enabling acts for some of made by the gentleman from Wyoming cerned. So little has been surveyed that our Western States. This is true. But who put the whole matter in its proper there would have been practically no there are certain significant facts which perspective. transfer of land at all at the outset of should be borne in mind in connection Now, the gentleman from Virginia also statehood and little for a long time to with this. And it should be recalled said that the bill gives the State of come. Indeed, it was stated that at the that some States received a greater per­ Alaska 25 years in which to select its existing rate of survey, on account of centage than the original States re­ land· that they will wait until vast min­ the la~k of survey appropriations, 15,000 ceived of the land. eral'deposits are found and will then years would have had to have gone by Those who contend that this bill will pounce upon them. Well, the 25-year before the land transferred in that bill provide an opportunity for Alaska to provision was inserted because so mu~h actually came into the possession of the seize all of the best land and that this acreage is at stake; so much acreage m new State. would be contrary to national interests, terms of the total under any statehood Let us make some comparisons here. simply have not made a study of the bill that the committee thought it was a They are interesting and have an im­ proposition. If they believe that the part of wisdom, of prudence, and of com­ portance. For example, almost 30 per­ Federal bureaucracy has allowed an op­ mon sense to give the State time to make cent of Arizona had been surveyed portunity to go by to acquire land in a the proper selection. It was also stated when statehood came. The same per­ Territory where it has undisputed sway, that the Federal Government would have centage figure applied to Colorado; 10 they are badly mistaken. Much of the to pay the cost of surveys except in a percent of Montana had been surveyed best land in Alaska is already federally very limited manner. That is not the and 69 percent of New Mexico. Almost reserved and may not be taken by the case, because the bill provides that after 40 percent of Utah, 56 percent of Wash­ state of Alaska. Those reserves total the State has made a land selection the ington, and 62 percent of Wyoming had the astounding amount of 92 million Secretary of the Interior shall survey been covered by the surveyors when acres, or approximately 25 percent of all only the exterior boundaries of the tract those areas became States and land the land that is in Alaska. Is that not chosen and thereafter the State of transfers could be made without any enough? Will that not protect the Fed­ Alaska will have to complete the interior delay or without significant delay. But eral, or if you prefer, the national inter­ survey itself, at its own expense, thereby what is the case relating to Alaska? ests? I should think so. And, of course, saving the Federal Government very sub­ Right now we have a long way to go if the amendment referred to by Mr. stantial sums. before 1 percent of the land area will O'BRIEN is accepted then the Federal Now, I remarked that in 1955, during have been surveyed. Government will continue to be domi­ all the years, in fact, from 1952 So it was that in consideration by nant landholder in Alaska with 73 per­ until this very time, there has been no the Senate Committee on Interior and cent of all the land. That ought to be complaint against the land provisions Insular Aft'airs a new concept was enough. After all, the original States in this bill. I do not know of one made adopted. Later it was examined and came into the Union with all their land by any conservation organization, by approved by the House Committee on and no giveaway in this connection has any individual or group of individuals. Interior and Insular Aft'airs and has been alleged. They came in with all Is it a giveaway to transfer to the State been approved ever since by both com­ their minerals, too. government of Alaska land for the de­ mittees in both Houses. It is a new Section 6 ver 94 million acres of land have been Leasing Act of 1920. The Alaska state­ How this comes about is well explained granted directly to railroads and an­ hood bill is much more stringent than in a letter written by Robert B. Steven­ other 37 mi1lion to States for railroad Federal laws. It provides that the State son, tax commissioner of Alaska, to purposes. As specific examples I cite may never sell mineral rights. It may ·senator-elect William A. Egan of the the fact that over 11 million acres of .only lease them. This provision was Alaska Tennessee plan on May 2 of this land in California went to railroad cor­ inserted with the thought and hope that year. I intend to incorporate the text porations, over 14 million in Montana iuture citizens of the State of Alaska of that letter with my remarks. and more than 10 million in North Da­ would continue to derive benefits from DEPARTMENT OF TAXA'TION, k<>ta. Railroad grants in Washington the utilization of these minerals through TERRITORY OF .ALASKA, amounted to 22 percent of the area of the -a leasing system. The people of Alaska Juneau, May 2, 1958. State. Sixteen percent of Kansas land are mindful of the trust reposed in In re: Alaska net income collections, calen­ them. Already they have accepted in dar years 1956 and 1957, as compared with was dedicated for this purpose and in Federal income-tax levies on Alaska Minnesota it was 19 percent. And the the constitution for the state-to-be a income. Committee on Interior and Insular Af­ resource article which meets every test Hon. WILLIAM A. EGAN • fairs is now being charged with a give·­ .which might be applied to it. Already Washington, D. C. .away, their legislature has enacted what is DEAR MR. EGAN: In reply to your telegram Now, let us turn to the proposition of now chapter 184, Session Laws of Alaska, of May 1, 1958, concerning the approximate mineral grants. H. R. 7999 proposes that 1957, legislation creating a Department revenues derived by the United States Treas­ the minerals as well as the surface should of Lands and establishing the ground ury from Federal income-tax levies on be turned over to the State of Alaska in rules under which it will operate. I feel Alaska income, the following information is confident that any fair-minded persons set forth after a detailed analysis of our the land transfers. From what has been income-tax posting records maintained at said and written around here one might devoted to the principles of conservation Juneau and after telephone discussion with believe that this is the crime of the .cen­ will applaud that law. Mr. William E. Frank, district director. of tury. Let us have a look at this situation. If it has not already been said it will internal revenue for the Washington-Alaska It deserves one. Alaska is not, as we all be said, undoubtedly, that the policy of district: know, basically dependent upon agricul­ granting mineral rights to a new State GENERAL ture. This despite the fact that Govern ... departs from tradition and from prece­ 1. Mr. Frank advised that in accounting ment experts who have surveyed its agri­ dent. It is true that most of the Western .for the income-tax revenues .received from States were given the surface.of the land individuals, corporations. and employers culture potentials estimate that 65,000 (withholding) that the address of the tax­ square miles-41,600,000 acres-are suit­ only. But any such statement would not payer shown on the return governs as to able for crop production arid for cultiva­ be literally true. The Oklahoma En­ whether the Territory of Alaska or the State tion and in addition another 35,000 abling Act was so phrased 1tS to give that of Was?ington is given credit for the receipt square miles-22,400,000 acres-are suit­ State its minerals . . The_ Republic was of taxes. . able for grazing. Development of these not shattered by what was done there 2. Mr. Frank further advised that their lands will come. But very frankly, I do and I for one have never heard that .figures for the Territory of Alaska were on a Oklahoma is to be reprimanded and cas­ fiscal-year basis, that is, for the last two not believe that the time will ever arrive periods of July 1, 1955, through June 30. when agriculture products from Alaska tigated for its management of these min­ 1956, and July 1, 1956, through June 30, 1957. will be in direct competition with those erals instead of having them exclusively 3. A review of our.withholding-tax records from what are now the 48 States. Fur­ under the jurisdiction of Washington by employers reveals many .employers having ther, I contend there is nothing wrong which I maintain is in contradiction to a Washington address or other stateside· ad• with that. This is all to the good. It States rights. dress. This would include airlines, steam­ serves to strengthen the economy of our There is another element which ought ship lines, oil companies, frelght lines, major to be considered here. A material contractors, pulp mills, logging companies, whole Nation. The gentleman from New mail-order-stores, stevedoring services, min­ York [Mr. O'BRIEN] suggested in his change in the attitude of the Congress ing companies, equipment companies, and opening speech that in a comparatively "toward the granting of mineral lands to practically all salmon canneries. few years after statehood Alaska will the States came about in 1928. A bill 4. A review of our corporation income-tax have 10 million people. I hope he is right. then enacted and signed· into law pro­ files discloses many corporations having a In any case, Alaska will have many more vided in effect that all grants to the Washington address or other stateside ad­ people than it now has and will be raising States of numbered sections in place for dress. much more of the food it consumes than the support of public schools should en­ 5. Concerning individuals, many con­ compass sections mineral in character struction workers, cannery workers and non­ it now does. But always, as I see it, there resident fishermen file their Alaska indi:. will be a need for importation of food­ equally with sections nonmineral. That vidual income-tax return showing a Wash­ stuffs. They will be paid for by exporta­ ~epreseri.ted more modern thinking on ington address or other stateside address, tion of our natural resources, raw or re­ this subject and influenced, or so I be­ as they are not in Alaska during the income­ fined. And that will be mutually advan­ lieve, the committees which over these tax filing period (January 1 through AprU tageous. many years have been considering Alas­ 15 of each year). ka statehood legislation. 6. The Washington-Alaska district of in­ Right now the fact is that the sub­ ternal revenue Is by no means the only surface values, generally ~peaking, .are Mr. Chairman, we Alaskans have been getting it coming and going· during this district receiving F~deral income-tax levies more valuable than the surface values. on Alaska income from individuals, corpora­ Alaska has always been a mining country statehood debate. Figures, assembled .tions, or employers {withholding), as such and there is a. very strong poosibility that from goodness knows where, have been file in their home district. the great mining booms of the past will hurled at us in an effort' to prove that RESEARCH fade into insignificance when matched Alaska should not have statehood. For 1. A review of our corporation income tax against what we believe is the coming oil example, it has been said that approxi­ ledger cards disclose in the year 1956 some ~0~ • . • mately 21'2,000 Alaskans contribute only 87 corporations having a Washington or .The situation now is that generally '$45 million · in Federal income taxes . other stateside address that pald $500 or speaking a citizen may go upon public Even if that were the case, and I submit more of Alaska income tax. The aggregate CIV--599 9516 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE May 26 amount of tax paid by these 87 corporations corporations would have a Federal Income­ with 35,000 natives and the 30,000 amounted to $668,365.71. As the rate of tax liability of 8 times $8,628,692.27 or $69,- schoolchildren from the total popula· corporation income tax was 12¥2 percent 029,538.16. That it was not all paid into tion. That would leave 48,000 real Alas­ of the Federal tax for the period involved, the Washington-Alaska district of internal kans and at the same time, if you please, the Federal tax involved would be 8 times revenue is evidenced by the variety of state­ as great or in amount of $5,346,325.68, based side addresses on the returns received by would require the Bureau of the Census on Alaska income. This amount would not us from corporations, . employers, and indi­ to establish in reference to Alaska an be reflected in the figures of the district di· viduals. That it was not credited to the entirely different standard in enumerat~ rector of the Washington-Alaska district for Territory of Alaska when received by the ing the population. the credit of the Territory of Alaska for the Washington-Alaska district is evidenced by But if there are only 48,000 people following reasons: the statement of the district director of such there and the remainder are phantom, (a) Tax paid by corporations doing busi­ district who advised that all returns received and even if we accept only the $45 mil· ness in Alaska but having a Washington ad­ in such district bearing a Washington ad­ dress would be credited to the State of dress were credited to Washington and not lion figure, can it not be said that these Washington figures. to Alaska. 48,000 people are certainly yeoman (b) Tax paid by corporations doing busi­ Collections received in 1957 from Indi­ workers for Uncle Sam's Treasury? If ness in Alaska but having an address in some viduals (including withholding) were based we had people like that everywhere, we State other than Washington would be cred­ on tax rates equivalent to 12¥2 percent and would not have any budgetary problems ited to the appropriate internal revenue dis­ 14 percent of Federal income tax (because of at all. Seriously, the fact is that per trict and not to Alaska or Washington. 1957 rate change). About one-third of the total individual income tax or $2,251,062.97 capita figures are misleading and mean· 2. A review of our withholding taxpay­ ingless. Resources are what count and ments by employers discloses the following represents collections based on 12¥2 percent information concerning larger employers of Federal income tax while about two.:. the application of labor and capital to having a Washington or stateside address: thirds of the total individual income tax .those resources. Considering the fact or $5,042,125.93 represents collections based that Alaskan resources have been vir­ 1956 on 14 percent of Federal income tax. Con­ tually in a deep freeze, the wonder of A total of 112 larger employers (including verting the income-tax collections to total it is that the production has been as high 33 salmon canneries) having a Washington Federal income-tax liability amounts to 8 or stateside address paid Alaska income tax times $2,521,062.97 plus 7 times $5,042,125.93 as it has been. Give us statehood and withheld from their employees in total or a total Federal individual income-tax you will see what we will do then. amount of $2,221,965.38. As the rate of in­ liability on Alaska income of $55,463,385.26. Mr. Chairman, a question was raised · dividual income tax was 1.2¥2 percent of the To this must be added the liability on cor­ during the debate last week about sub­ Federal tax for the period involved, the Fed­ poration income tax. While the rate section 6 (j) of the bill now before us. eral tax involved would be 8 times · as great changed in 1957 from 12Y:z percent to 18 That subsection provides that·no money or in amount of $17,775,723.04. This amount percent of Federal income tax the payments would not be reflected in the figures of the received during 1957 represented tax due coming from the sale or disposal of any district director of the Washington-Alaska under the 12Y:z-percent rate. Accordingly lands granted herein for educational district for the credit' of the Territory of on the same Alaska income, corporations purposes shall be used for the support of Alaska for the reasons cited above in 1 (a) would have a Federal income-tax liability of any sectarian or denominational school, and 1 (b). 8 times $1,190,772.10 or $9,526,176.80. college, or university. 1957 The total Federal income-tax liab111ty on I merely want to point out here that A total of 115 larger employers (including the same Alaska income for individuals and this provision is not new. Identical pro­ 33 salmon canneries) having a Washington corporations in 1957 would be $55,463,385.26 visions were in the bills providing for or stateside address paid Alaska income tax (individuals) plus $9,526,176.80 or $64,989,- withheld from their employees in total 562.06. That such figure does not coincide statehood for Idaho, South Dakota, amount of $1,913,482.02. About one-third of with the figures of the district director of North Dakota, Montana, Washington, such total, or $637,827.34, represents collec­ internal revenue for the Washington-Alaska New Mexico, Wyoming, and Oklahoma. tions at the rate of 12¥2 percent of Federal district has been explained in preceding During the debate it was implied that income tax and two-thirds of such total, or paragraphs. · what we term the natives of Alaska, the $1,275,654.68 represents collections at the rate Should you desire more Information on Indians, Aleuts, and E'skimos, are really of 14 percent of Federal income t ax (due to this subject, do not hesitate to request our change of rate by 1957 legislature). Con­ assistance. a people apart and should not be counted verting the collections into Federal tax in­ Thanking you for your continued efforts in considering the population. I should volved would amount to $14,032,201.48, which in behalf of statehood, I remain, like to say most emphatically that this would not be reflected in the figures of the Very truly yours, is simply not a fact. The approximately district director of the Washington-Alaska ROBERT D. STEVENSON, 35,000 natives are an integral part of the district for the credit of the Territory of Tax Commissioner. Alaskan community. They are the real Alaska for the reasons cited above in 1 (a) Figures can be even more deceptive Alaskans. They participate in every and 1 (b). · phase of the Alaska community. Their 3. With respect to individuals filing Alaska than that. On Friday last the gentle­ individual income tax returns showing a man from California [Mr. HosMER], in patriotism is acknowledged. Indeed, it Washington or stateside address, we have no opposing statehood, sought to whittle is of an especially high order and has statistics as to the tax involved but can our population further. He credits us brought commendation from military inform you that we mail approximately 20,- with having 208,000 human beings within leaders. 000 Alaska individual income-tax returns to the boundaries of Alaska, but appar­ Their participation in government is taxpayers each year having a Washington probably greater than that of their or other stateside address. Any payments of ently he would strike from that number Federal income tax made by such individuals 80,000 persons. He said: white brothers. For example, about on their Alaska and other income would not Some 80,000 are m111tary men in the pay 6,000 Indians live in southeastern Alaska, be reflected in the figures of the district of the Federal Government and their de­ and very few of them eligible to vote fail director of the Washington-Alaska district pendents. to do so. The same remark could be for the credit of the Territory of Alaska for made with almost equal validity as to the reasons cited above in 1 (a) and 1 (b). It is not clear to me whether the 80,000 Eskimos to the north and the west. By Income-tax collections received by the de­ figures includes the dependents of these military people. But anyway, it is ap­ eligibility I was referring, of course, to partment of taxation during the calendar age and residence. These people are years 1956 and 1957 may be broken down as parently his desire that they be stricken follows: from the list of residents. Proceeding, citizens of the United States just as you the speaker said: and I. Several of them are members of the Alaska Legislature and have ren­ 1956 1957 In addition there are another 15,000 Gov­ ernment civil service employees plus their dered in that capacity outstanding serv­ Corporations ______$1, 065, 503. 37 $1, 190,772. 10 dependents, and of the total also there are ice. We are proud of our native people Individuals (including about 35,000 people in Alaska who are In­ and proud of the progress tJ;ley are mak­ withholding)______7, 563, 188.90 8, 295,972. 74 dians, Aleuts, and Eskimos, many of whom ing. Total Alask a income ·are on welfare relief, and 30,000 are school• There has been quite a stir in the tax ______8, 628, 692.27 9, 486,744. 84 children. papers the last few days because the Again it is not clear to me whether members of the Minnesota Congressional Collections received in 1956 were based on delegation had to submit to security tax equivalent of 12Y:z percent of Federal the 15,000 figure is inclusive of the de­ income tax for both corporations and indi· pendents. But I shall assume that it is checks before going home for a meeting. viduals on Alaska income. Accordingly on and that the gentleman from California This has happened only once. In the same Alaska income, individuals and desires· to strike that number, together Alaska it happens every time an Ameri- ;'1.958 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 9517 can citizen leaves the Territory. When­ in general, sympathetic consideration has legislature passed a tax incentive law ever he reaches Seattle or whatever point been given to the Territory's legislative designed to attract new industries. of exit it may be .he is under the law requirements. However, a Congress Alaska politics, I should say after some compelled to undergo an examination by which is necessarily obliged to consider little experience, are no more or less im­ Immigration Service officials. Although matters of national and international mature than politics anywhere else. under the law, too, he is an American import simply cannot spend the time to Politics is certainly not an unheard word citizen just as anyone in the States is. take care of all our legislative needs. So in Alaska. Alaska is a typical American Indeed, even if he is only a casual visitor many of them are long in the process of community, and the regular political to Alaska from a residence in the States enactment, and some of them never come parties operate there with politics play­ the same examination is required. What into being. It is essential to point out, ing no more or no less a part than any­ useful purpose this has served I have too, that powerful forces have always where else. I suppose we have immature never been able to discover. been successful in beating down our politicians, middling politicians, and very On last Wednesday, the gentleman efforts to gain real home-rule privileges. mature politicians. In that, we are just from New York [Mr. PILLION] argued in Every Delegate in Congress from Alaska like every place else in the United States. a speech opposing Alaska statehood that since 1912 has sought, and unsuccess­ By the way, the first Alaska legislature the Territory "possesses general legisla­ fully, to revitalize the law and to permit meeting in 1913 passed as-its first law one tive power to enact laws relating to its Alaskans to do for themselves what enabling women to vote. That.first legis­ property, affairs, and government. Its Washington cannot or is not willing to lature also moved to protect working men powers are similar to the powers of our do. To repeat, every last campaign for . from hazardous conditions and moved sovereign States." rea1 gains in this direction has met with also to limit hours of employment. With that statement I must take sharp failure. Others not so critical of Alaska as my issue. The powers of the Territorial Let no man assert that the people of a friend from New York have suggested government are seriously limited when territory are politically equal with the that the legislative enactments over the compared with those of a State govern­ people of a State. It is simply not so. years in Alaska have been of a high ment. Actually, Alaska has less home­ My friend from New York has accused order and could well be emulated by rule authority than any other Territory the Alaskan people of making political some of the States. in the history of the United States. It is capital out of the Jones Act. Well, they We of the House of Representatives not given power to legislate in reference have sought to make political and eco­ are completing a vital debate. During to wildlife and fish. Until recently it nomic capital out of that. More pre­ that debate, we have heard the facts had no authority to care for its mentally cisely defined, they have complained and about the loyalty of our fellow Americans ill people. . Until quite recently it had no do complain bitterly against section 2'7 in Alaska; we have heard the facts about authority whatsoever to issue bonds and of the Merchant Marine Act of 1920. the many precedents for statehood; we even now the amount and character of Written into that section is an outright have heard the facts about the economic those bonds are defined by Congress, riot discrimination against Alaska in the field benefits which statehood, by unlocking by the legislature at Juneau. Even to­ of maritime transportation. I shall the chains that bind Alaska, will bring day it can pass no legislation whatsoever make no argument here about the bene­ to all America. regarding its judicial system. That is ficial effects that a -change in the law Wise men among us have warned that exclusively in the control of the Con­ would bring about so far as Alaska is the world awaits our demonstration that gress. Congress has failed to act, has concerned. I could do so. There is at America remains true to her founders' failed to give Alaska the number of least some reason to believe that freight faith. We have before us a precious op­ judges it requires. In respect to the charges would be less when a water haul portunity to recall to our friends, to our court for the Third Judicial Division, was shortened by 600 miles as would be foes, and to the millions who watch from Chief Justice John Biggs, Jr., of the the case were this discrimination re­ uncommitted positions, that ours is still United States Court of Appeals for the moved from law. But my complaint is a new land, whose greatness lies in the Third Circuit, said: that simply because Alaska is a Territory pioneering spirit and farsightedness of The third division of Alaska is at present the Congress was able to, and did, throw her people-and her Congressmen. Most the most heavily burdened district in the a roadblock in the way of its progress. of us, I trust, will respond to this occa­ entire judicial system, having a caseloa.d of The Supreme Court upheld that law on sion. Most of us, I pray, will not allow over 1,500 cases pending per the single judge. the grounds that the Congress could history to record our decision as a lost The act of Congress approved July 30, . legislate in this manner regarding a Ter­ opportunity to advance America. 1886, applies to Alaska. This is of gen­ ritory, although it -could not do so in An astonishing fact is that at least one eral application to Territories and neces­ respect to a State. If this is not discrim­ Member has said in this Chamber that sarily of application to Alaska. It con­ ination-:-bald, outright, flagrant dis­ he could not support statehood for tains several thousand words. Every crimination-! don't know what is. We Alaska because statehood would benefit section of that law is a prohibition. It have sought to change that law for years the people of his District no more than prohibits a Territorial government from and _years. We have failed. the people of any other. legislating with reference to a wide vari­ It has been contended that "outside.. Of course we are here, each as a Rep .. ety of matters, each ·of which lies within capital refuses to go into Alaska because resentative of a part of the whole Nation. the proper legislative authority of any of its high tax rates, its immature Of course, we must remember the part of the several States: politics, and its hostile radical unionism." we represent; that is politics, and our Even the Organic Act of 1912, creating Yes, there are unions in Alaska. Most duty. But we must also remember the a legislative assembly in Alaska, is note­ working men belong to unions. Most of whole Nation we are here to serve; that worthy not so much for what it permits. them belong to AFL-CIO. unions. They is statesmanship, and our duty. Hap­ Alaskans to do for themselves but for are no more "radical" than unions any­ pily, we incur no harm to any district the manacles placed upon Alaskans. where. They are affiliated with the na­ by enacting H. R. 7999; happily, we ben­ By every test, on every count, I must tional organization. Alaska working efit the welfare and security of an reject the contention that Alaska has men are steady, industrious citizens de­ America. home-rule privileges remotely resembling voted to the development of the country Every possible argument against state­ those conferred upon a State. That has in which they have chosen to make their hood for Alaska has been answered in been one of our great difficulties. We homes. this debate. Population? We have have to come to Washington for settle­ I suppose that the contention that tax pointed to the rapid growth of Alaska's rates in Alaska are high is correct. They population since 1950, when this House ment of trivial~ as well as important mat­ ters: The Federal Government is not seem to be high everywhere now. I have voted to give statehood to the Territory. only our landlord; it is our overlord. heard many complaints from residents of We have cited statistics which show that The Delegates from Hawaii and Alaska New York, for example, about the burden statehood always has brought a literal are compelled to introduce bills without of taxes there. And none of us surely is invasion of settlers into the new State. end which would be altogether unneces­ happy that we have to pay so much of Noncontiguity? We have recalled the sary under statehood. We are obliged to -our incomes in Federal taxes. But to precedents for granting statehood to a ask the Congress to act as our city coun­ suggest that the Alaska tax level is ab­ noncontiguous area, and have remarked cil. For my own part, I shall say that, normally high is to err. The last Alaska on the fact that by modern methods of 9518 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE May 26 communication Alaska today is as close represented, and that suffrage, where with which we confront the rest of the as the nearest telephone and radio. Rep­ consistent with the national welfare, world. resentation in Congress? We have paid should be universal? Adoption of the The CHAIRMAN. The time of the tribute to the great formula which the pending measure will help persuade a gentleman has expired. Founding Fathers introduced into the watchful world that America is not stag­ Mr. NEAL. Mr. Chairman, at the end Constitution of the United States-the nant, but progressive; not tired, but vig­ of World War II, the United States was bicameral legislature, which does justice orous; not declining, but approaching the recognized world -power. Under the to States with large populations and her zenith; not bewildered, but bold and assumption that we can remain on top States with small populations, and which inventive; not hesitant, but decisive. of the world, people of the United States does justice as well to States with large Statehood will unharness the hidden became too complacent. As a Nation we land areas, and States with small land riches of Alaska's soil and subsoil for the embarked on an extended social welfare areas. And again, we have said that benefit and security of the whole Nation; program dictated by Washington. Tak­ there could be- no greater error than to statehood will promote good husbandry ing full advantage of our preoccupation, assume that the population of· Alaska is of the treasures of sea and stream for Soviet Russia reared her ugly head in static, for indeed, Alaska enjoys the the benefit of this and future genera­ challenge. By means of arbitrary power greatest rate of population growth under tions. to hasten her preparedness and through the American flag. The case has been made for Alaska. subversive means to obtain our secrets, How remarkable are those Members-­ It is a good case. It is a deserving case. she gained a surprising lead. and some there will be-who will ·vote I am confident that we are big enough, To create barriers against our falling against the pending measure. For they strong enough, Nation enough, to take victim to· her military might and her po­ say to our President, and to our former this giant step towards a greater Am~rica. litical ambition, we assumed the very President, "You are both wrong in your Mr. Chairman, I suppose it does not risky and unpredictable obligation to advocacy of statehood for Alaska." A matter too much, perhaps not at all, if I create a strong group of European allies. Member who votes "no" says further that as one American citizen have reached the We were soon convinced, however, that the platform of his political party-be age of 54 years and by reason of my resi­ this was· not enough. So we extended he Democrat or Republican-is wrong in dence in a Territory have never been our efforts to include Japan and the Pa­ its endorsement of statehood. He tells able to vote for President or Vice Presi­ cific, then to southeast Asia and to the the Committee on Interior and Insular dent. For one individual that is not of Middle East. Affairs that it has mysteriously failed to consuming importance. Perhaps it is We tapped our reservoir of economic see the Nation's and Alaska's needs, even not too important that one individual affluence as the one and only· means to after extensive travels in Alaska, its re­ does not have voting representation in support this venture. As a · result, we · search and hearings. Finally, and most the Congress. But I submit tc you that observed the outflow of our material re­ seriously, he stands before the American for all the American citizens in Alaska sources increase with the passing of people, including the people of his own it is greatly important, and I say further time. All the while we taxed our people District, and he tells them that he will that it is greatly important for this unmercifully only to discover the im­ disregard their will as expressed in poll country that we give them full rights of practicability of persuading foreign peo­ after poll after p.oll. He tells his con­ citizenship, which can come only with ples to submerge their nationalism or to stituents that they, with the President, statehood. firmly commit their allegiance to our the Secretary of the Interior, the Chair­ I should like to conclude with this cause. man of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the statement: It is my hope and my belief Maintenance of many of our far-flung Committee on Interior and Insular Af­ that this bill will be passed by this House military outposts now depends upon fairs, and both major political parties, of Representatives on Wednesday and questionable allegiance of local nations are mistaken in their overwhelming ad­ thereafter will be accepted and passed by who seem quite doubtfUl of our balance vocacy of Alaska statehood. the other body and will become law this of power. We continue to adhere to the When we who favor H. R. 7999 re­ year. But if for some reason that should false assumption that our money and minded the bill's detractors that our po­ not be the case, let not those who oppose material aid will seal their allegiance. litical parties have adopted platform it believe that we shall cease our labors, But, since Russia too can extend money, planks favoring statehood, we were that we will give up the fight, becaus~ we military, and economic aid, in many told-in fatherly tones-that, after all, will be back here until such time as we areas national interest encourages luke­ a political platform is written only for the win the victory which I deeply believe warm allegiance or neutralism. While purpose of gathering votes. But I have should be ours, and I deeply believe that we extend aid with no strings, Russia yet to learn why a platform which is will be for the benefit of the whole barters and infiltrates. written to reflect the wishes of a major­ Nation. The United. States. is threatened with ity of our countrymen is therefore less Mr. O'BRIEN of New York. Mr. continued cold war which will undoubt­ a mandate upon the representatives of Chairman, will the gentleman yield? edly necessitate further calls on our own the people. That fact-that the plat­ Mr. BARTLETT. I yield. resources. All the while we seem to feel forms were written to appeal to the Mr. O'BRIEN of New York. I think that we can keep our cake and eat it too thinking of the American people-seems I speak for all the Members here when as one would observe in the numerou~ to me to go towards proving our obliga­ I commend the Delegate from Alaska plans being devised to extend social tion to enact the pending measure. upon his very fine statement. I think welfare programs. ·While we are in the There are times, perhaps, when a he typifies the political maturity which throes of runaway inflation, at least member is justified in disregarding the will guard the great new State of Alaska three-quarters of our population find it will of the people. For example, he may when it comes into being. difficult even to meet present day living have access to secret information or testi­ May I say as this rather long debate costs let alone law away a nest egg for mony that is not available to the public comes to a close that in the next 48 retirement. We continue to feed in­ generally. But that is not the case here. hours the Members of this great body, flation by legislating more and greater The people of America have been talking the House of Representatives, are going Federal spending programs. Just when about statehood for Alaska since 1916. to give their answer to a demand for and where do we return to sanity? Alaska is a place of interest to every Boy statehood for Alaska which sweeps this Only a glance at our present predica.. Scout, and to every senior citizen who country from Vermont to California, ap­ ment should reveal how far we have recalls the heydays of the gold rushes. proved -in overwhelming numbers not wandered from Washington's farewell Congress has been talking about state­ only in my District but even in the dis­ warning. hood for Alaska since 1916. This is the tricts of some of those who have opposed Yet this very day we are trying to year for action. the legislation here before us. justify another phase of national ex­ When all the experts of the executive I say to you if we grant statehood to pansion-an extension of our national and legislative branches, Democrat and Alaska this year, here and now, within boundaries to noncontiguous areas. I Republican alike, urge the adoption of the next decade and the decades to come have listened attentively to the argu­ the pending measure, should the Con­ we will add billions of dollars to the ments pro and con over statehood for gress not reiterate the basic principles wealth of this country and we will add Alaska. Were Alaska an integral part that Americans who are taxed should be immeasurably to the defense posture · contiguous with the United States boun- 1958 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 9519 aries, I should be inclined to accept the exist in the instance of one do not exist sure that those who made them did so arguments from the proponents. in another. without realizing the full implication of But such is not the case. The United During debate of this bill providing their statement. States is having troubles enough of its for the admission of Alaska to the Union, Hawaii's Americans-as properly be­ own. With all our amuence, our indus­ factually unsupported- allegations con­ fits the outstanding Americans they trial potential, and our agrarian possi-­ cerning the political and economic situ­ are-carry on "with malice toward none, bilities, we are rushing headlong into ation in Hawaii have been injected, with charity for all, with firmness in the national trends that have spelled the though their germaneness is question­ right as God gives us the light to see the doom of nations throughout history. able. right." The further we plunge into social wel­ The question as to whether or not Mr. O'BRIEN of New York. Mr. fare schemes, the more our people are Alaska should be admitted into the Chairman, I move that the Committee do inclined to become a dependent, plea­ Union is a most serious one meriting the now rise. sure-seeking, unproductive class and the objective consideration of each Mem­ The motion was agreed to. greater the necessity for a strong, cen­ ber of this House. The question is so Accordingly, the Committee rose; and tral dictatorial government which would serious that extraneous and emotional the Speaker having resumed the chair, deprive the individual of his constitu­ issues should not be permitted to divert Mr. MILLS, Chairman of the Committee tional liberties and compel his com­ attention from the main question: Shall of the Whole House on the State of the pliance to man made rules and regula­ we admit Alaska as a State of the Union, reported that that Committee tions. It is high time we pause and Union? having had under consideration the bill take stock of our social and economic In the course of the debate some men­ economy of Alaska will be com­ have been a Nation whose integrity of to extend atn invitation to the Interna­ pelled to undergo many perplexing prob­ character has been as excellent as was tional Civil Aviation Organization to hold lems as a result of her unusual climate possible for a Nation of humans to be. the 12th session· of its assembly in the and distance from markets. Adjust­ I am sure the Members of this House United·States in 1959. ments and adaptations to uninviting sur­ will decide this question as they decide The SPEAKER. Is there objection to roundings simply will not appeal to all others-on the basis of their dedi­ the request of the gentleman from Penn­ tillers of the soil and home seekers. cated and devoted concern for the en­ sylvania? Only such population as may be required lightened self-interest of their constitu­ There was no objection. to develop natural resources or to serve ents, the people of this Nation. The Clerk read the joint resolution, as as temporary representatives of our de­ Personally, and on behalf of my con­ follows: fense will find it remunerative to live stituents, I take vigorous exception to Whereas the 12th session of the Assembly there. the implication contained in the state­ of the International Civil Aviation Organiza-_ The United States has been generous ment, "in granting statehood to Hawaii, tion is scheduled to be held in 1959; and with funds to encourage development we invite four Soviet agents to take seats Whereas the year 1959 will mark the 15th of areas of Alaska yet permanent popu­ in our Congress," or similar expressions. anniversary of the International Civil Ac­ lation remains static. There is nothing The people of Hawaii are as loyal to tion Conference in Chicago, which provided in the present picture to justify the ex­ the United States of America and all that for the establishment of the International it means, as are the people of any other Civil Aviation Organization; and travagant claims of some of the pro­ Whereas the assembly will provide an out­ ponents for statehood or that statehood part of this great Nation. The people standing opportunity for the civil aviation would · materially contribute to more of Hawaii yield to no one in their de­ leaders of the International Civil Aviation more rapid development. I can there­ voted and dedicated patriotism, proven Organization's 72 member countries to view fore see no appreciable advantage either beyond doubt by every gage by which and discuss with· American aviation spe­ to Alaska or to the United States main­ patriotism can be measured. cialists the new turbojet transport aircraft land subdivisions. That statement, or similar ones, are a and their requirements, and to make and gross libel upon the thousands of Ha­ renew friendships with American aviation I shall vote against this bill. leaders; and Mr. BURNS of Hawaii. Mr. Chair­ waii's people who paid their last full Whereas the assembly will focus public man, H. R. 7999 has but a single ob­ measure of devotion in the service of attention in the United States on the im­ jective: The admission of Alaska to the their country-the United States of portant work of the International Civil Avia­ Union. Several precedents of the House· America-on the far-flung battlefields tion Organization in insuring the safe and of Representatives have held that it was of the world and on the people of Ha­ orderly growth of international civil aviation waii who today live in accordance . with throughout the world and encouraging the not germane to amend a bill providing arts of aircraft design and operation for the highest traditions of American citi­ 1 for the admission of one Territory_by an peaceful purp_oses; and amendment proposing the admission of. zenship. Whereas the host government is expected. another Territory. This is as it should The allegations reflecting upon their to meet certain additional expenses arising be. The ·cause of the suppliant Territory patriotism and their intelligence are from holding an assembly away from Inter­ should be considered on its individual without foundation in fact. I am as­ national Civil Aviation Organization head­ merits, particularly when factors ~~ich tonished that they were made. I am quarters: Therefore, be it "9520 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE May 26 ~. ... Resolved, etc., .That there is authorized Mr. VORYS. Mr. Speaker, I ask unan­ former Assistant Secretary of the Treas­ to be appropriated to the Department of imous consent that the gentleman from ury from 1933 to 1939. State-, out ef any money in the Treasury Washington [Mr. FELLY] may extend his Assistant Secretary Gibbons was one not otherwise appropriated, the sum of $200,- remarks at this point in the REcoRD. of the finest public officials that I have 000 for the purpose of defraying the expenses ever met. Not only was he a dedicated incident to organizing and holding the 12th The SPEAKER. Is there objection to session of the Assembly of the International the request of the gentleman from Ohio? American, but, a dedicated public offi­ Civil Aviation Organization in the United There was no objection. cial, performing his duties as a citizen States. FUnds appropriated pursuant to Mr. PELLY. Mr. Speaker, having in­ and as a public official on the highest this authorization shall be available for ad­ troduced a companion bill in the House and finest level that could be humanly vance contribution to the International to this legislation which was sponsored approximated. In addition, Steve Gib­ Civil Aviation Organization for certain costs, by washington State's senior Senator, bons was honorable and trustworthy in not in excess of the additional costs, incur­ every respect. He was a great man. red by the organization in holding the 12th Mr. MAGNUSON, I strongly urge its im­ session of the assembly in the United States mediate passage. It is essential that In his journey through life, steve and shall be available for expenses incurred the invitation provided for in this leg­ Gibbons always symbolized the fine and by the Department of State on behalf of islation be extended prior to adjourn­ noble qualities of justice, charity, and the United States as host government, in­ ment of the conference which is now in kindness. cluding personal services without regard to progress in ·Montreal. I valued very much the friendship of civil-service and classification laws; employ­ I might say that the cost to the State ment of aliens; printing and binding with­ my late friend, Steve Gibbons. I shall out regard to section 11 of the Act of Department will be probably consider­ miss him very much. J.!arch 1, 1919 (44 U. S. C. 111); travel ex­ ably less if the assembly is held in the I extend to Mrs. Gibbons and her penses; rent of quarters by contract or other­ United States as against a foreign loved ones, my deep sympathy in the wise; hire of passenger motor vehicles; and country. great loss and sorrow. official functions and courtesies. In any event, I am sure it is meritori­ SEC. 2. The Secretary of State is author­ ous and worthwhile legislation. Ized to accept and use contributions of funds, property, services and facilities for The SPEAKER. The question is on STOP WAGE AND PRICE INFLATION the Senate joint resolution. the purpose of organizing and holding the Mr. VURSELL. Mr. Speaker, this l'2th session of the Assembly of the Inter­ The Senate joint resolution was or­ Congress and the executive department national Civil Aviation Organization in the dered to be read a third time, was read United States. of Government jointly have a duty to the third time, and passed. perform in the interest of all of our Mr. MORGAN. Mr. Speaker, this res­ A motion to reconsider was laid on citizens that has been too long delayed. olution, which has already passed the the table. We should face up to our responsi­ Senate, authorizes an ·appropriation ·of bility, and stop wage and price inflation $200,000 to pay the estimated extraor­ RESEARCH INTO PROBLEMS OF before this _session of Congress adjourns. dinary expenses which will be incurred FLIGHT WITHIN AND OUTSIDE Mr. Speaker, to stop constant wage if the 1959 assembly of the International THE EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE spiraling and to stop price spiraling of Civil Aviation Organization is held in Mr. MADDEN (on behalf of Mr. business, continually driving the cost of Chicago. Our State Department and the living higher through inflation, it will various Government agencies interested O'NEILL) from the Committee on Rules reported the following privileged resolu­ require the united effort of both bodies in civil ·aviation desire that this meet­ of the Congress and the administration. ing take place in Chicago. tion (H. Res. 577, Report No. 1775) The International Civil Aviation Or­ which was referred to the House Cal­ Today, what the rank and file of the ganization is one of the specialized endar and ordered to be printed: millions of wage earners and · their families want, and most need, is a re­ agencies of the United Nations and is Resolved, That upon the adoption of this duction in the present high cost of living. ~oncerned with technical matters relat­ resolution it shall be in order to move that ing to aviation safety and the facilitat­ the House resolve itself into the Committee And certainly, the over 100 million peo_. ing of international air service. It. has or· the Whole House on the State of the ple on fixed salaries, the farmers of the always been remarkably free from po­ Union for the consideration of the bill (H. R. Nation, and those living on meager an­ litical controversy. 12575) to provide for research into prpblems­ nuities, pensions, and social security, of flight within and outside the earth's who are being desperately penalized by The headquarters of the organization atmosphere, and for other purposes, and all is in Montreal. If the meeting is held points of order against said bill are hereby the present inflationary high cost of in the United States, the rules of the waived. After general debate, which shall living, are entitled to relief by their rep­ United Nations require that the extraor­ be confined to the bill and continue not to resentatives in Congress and the ad­ dinary expenses made necessary by the exceed 2 hours, to be equally divided and ministration in power. fact that the meeting is not held at the controlled by the chairman and ranking Mr. Speaker, becal:lse of the power of organization's headquarters must be minority member of the Select Committee the big labor leaders of the Nation.....;.....that on Astronautics and Space Exploration, the can almost ruin big and medium business borne by the host country. This resolu­ bill shall be read for amendment under the· tion authorizes an appropriation for 5-minute rule. At the conclusion of the if they do not yield to labor's demands­ this purpose. The money will have to consideration of the bill for amendment, the collective bargaining no longer fur­ be appropriated, and the matter will re­ Committee shall rise and report the bill to nishes sufficient safeguards for over 150 ceive careful consideration by the Ap­ the House with such amendments as may million people who are not represented propriations Committee before any funds have been adopted and the previous ques­ at the bargaining table. are provided. tion shall be considered as ordered on the Let me prove this point: Three years bill and amendments thereto to final pas­ ago, when the officials of the CIO forced The Department of State and the sage without intervening motion except one various agencies of the Government in­ motion to recommit. through their contract to increase wages terested in civil aviation believe that it and initiated the annual wage for their is important that the 1959 meeting be employees and signed contracts with the held in the United States. This is par­ THE LATE HONORABLE STEPHEN B.· Ford Motor Co., General Motors, · and ticularly true because in 1959 the first GIBBONS . Chrysler Corp., about 3 million people­ deliveries of American jet transport including the suppliers of these com­ planes to major airlines will take place. Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I" panies-received increases in wages and If the meeting is held in the United ask unanimous consent to address the fringe benefits. Over 150 million people States, it will provide an excellent op­ House for 2 minutes. · who had no representation at the bar­ portunity for foreign aviation officials to The SPEAKER. Is there objection to gaining table had to pay the wage in­ see and discuss the new planes with the the request of the gentleman from creases in higher prices for automobiles, United States officials and with repre­ Massachusetts? trucks, automobile parts, and so forth, sentatives of the air transport and air­ There was no objection. and there are reasons to believe that the craft manufacturing industries. The Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I companies too readily agreed, and that Air Transport Association has strongly am very sorry to learn of the death of they must share their part of the blame endorsed this resolution, and its letter my friend of many years standing, the' for its inflationary effect through higher appears in the committee report. Honorable Stephen B. Gibbons, a prices. 1958 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 9521 By such agreement, big business and total average wage per steel worker to Government can continue to maintain big labor set the pattern of wage in­ $3.55 an hour, becoming effective July 1. the necessary military equipment and creases that followed throughout the The steel industry will either have to manpower to protect our freedom. Nation, contributing to an increase in absorb this wage increase of $273,186,200 Mr. Speaker, our first line of defense inflation from that time until now of 8 annually, or increase the price of steel, is a sound Government financially. To percent. In addition, it brought about which will again add to inflation, de­ preserve the financial stability· of our an increase in the price of automobiles, . creasing the purchasing power of the Government we must prevent the fur­ trucks and component parts to the point dollar. ther and deadly ravages of inflation. where a buyers' strike has followed, MORE WORKERS PRICED OUT OF JOBS BERNARD BARUCH'S TESTIMONY ON APRIL 1, 1958, . which has resulted in 79,000 auto work­ Addressing the annual meeting of the BEFORE THE SENATE FINANCE COMMITTEE ers being priced out of their jobs, with Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, April Mr. Baruch, one of the greatest au­ f 780,000 unsold cars in D~troit and on 17, Roger M. Blough, chairman of the thorities in the Nation, testified as the dealers' floors throughout the Nation. board, United States Steel Corp., pointed follows: It has almost stopped the purchase of out that 64,000 tons of steel barbed wire Above all else, once and for all, we must steel by the automobile manufacturers, was imported from West Germany dur­ relieve our defense program and our entire steel's largest purchasers, and is, in part, ing the past year, which was sold in the economy of the toll paid to inflation. Think responsible for throwing 262,000 men out American market at $40 per ton below of the planes we could have bought, the re­ of their jobs in steel, and the primary the comparable domestic wire made search we could have conducted·, the bomb­ metals industry in ferrous and nonfer­ here, after being shipped 5,000 miles. ers we could have provided our Armed rous metals. It has helped to reduce Forces, with the billions of dollars lost Mr. Blough said, "had that wire been through inflation. Inflation, gentlemen, is the output of steel to a low of about 47 made here at home, it would have in­ percent of capacity; in fact, the labor the most important economic factor of our creased the pay envelopes of American time, the single greatest peril to our eco­ leaders of Detroit who forced these workers by about $6 million." Mr. nomic health. prices up ~1ave contributed much to the Blough added that more than half of the Inflation is primarily responsible for .our present recession by pricing thousands barbed wire sold in America last year mountainous national debt, for our high of laboring men and women in their or­ was imported from abroad. This is one· t!tX rates, for our record-high level of ex­ ganizations out of jobs, and many small penditures, which has put our price struc­ automobile dealers throughout the Na­ of the many illustrations which proves ture on stilts and whittled down the pur­ tion out of business. that American workers through the ef­ chasing power of the dollar. Detroit uses 17 percent of the Nation•s· forts of their labor leaders are being We must end the price and wage spiraling steel, 65 percent of its rubber, 75 percent priced out of their jobs. and curtail excessive profit margins. No one THE AmCRAFT INDUSTRY is more concerned to see labor preserve its of its plate giass, and 33 percent of its gains more than I am, but we must halt the radios. During the past few weeks, 127,000 wild unmerry chase of prices, wages, and A few of some of the results are as fol­ workers in the aircraft industry, thou­ profits. lows: , sands employed making missiles and jet It would be an inspiring and salutary Over 79,000 auto workers out of jobs, planes for defense at Douglas, Lockheed, thing if the leaders of our great labor un­ over 50,000 employed in making auto North American, Convair, and others, ions and business would jointly pledge to through various strikes and threats of the President that for 1 year there will be parts out of jobs, about 262,000 steel no increases in wages or prices or pro fl. t workers and other ferrous and nonfer­ strikes, have agreed upon a new 2-year margins. rous metal workers out of jobs, over 28,- sliding-scale contract, with those in the 000 rubber .workers supplying automo­ top grade being given an increase of 11 MOUNT CARMEL, ILL., LABOR OFFICIALS ACTION bile tubes and tires out of jobs, and 14,- cents an hour plus some fringe benefits, SETS PATTERN FOR BIG LABOR LEADERS 000 workers in the glass industry are un­ and, in addition, they have all been given In this connection, I am glad to note employed at present, making a total in an increase of 16 cents an hour as a cost that the labor leaders in my district at these lines alone of 433,000 people. of living catch up from 1956 to 1958, in­ Mt. Carmel, lll., within the past weeks in The slowdown of these industries has creasing the wages of those in the top a fight against inflation, members of the helped to set off an unemployment chain bracket 27 cents an hour plus some small Machinists Local, No. 2048, employed by of reaction throughout the Nation; in fringe benefits. the Thordarson-Meisner Co., voluntarily fact, the unemployment rolls in Detroit Mr. Speaker, also written into the con­ signed a 5-year contract, asking for no and in the State of Michigan alone show tract is an escalator clause that will in­ wage increases or additional benefits for 455,000 workers out of jobs. crease their benefits if the cost of living the 400 employees of this electrical parts firm. In the wake of this economic wreck, should rise; however, if the cost of living Mr. Reuther and his associates are now should decrease their 16 cents an hour They said they felt that their jobs cost of living benefits would not decrease. were worth a good deal more to them asking, in renewing the present 3-year · than a temporary pay hike, and that contract,. a total increase in wages and I.t is a one-way street pointing upward only. those jobs might be a jeopardy if the fringe benefits of 73 cents an hour. This contract called for pay increases, which added to the $2.90 average wage under The average wage in the old contract for all of the employees is now $2.40 per would increase the cost of the products the old contract would increase their em­ and hold down employment. They are ployees' wages and fringe benefits to ap­ hour. The cost-of-living increase of 16 proximately $3.63 an hour (not taking cents an hour made permanent would to be commended for their judgment and into consideration the participation in increase this average wage to $2.56 an foresight. profits demanded). hour plus the 11 cents for those in the WOODWORKERS OF THE NORTHWEST One of· labor's 248 demands is that top grade, making a total of $2.67 an Forty-five thousand members of the General Motors must pay the full wages hour for those in the top levels, with a National Woodworkers Association of of over 2,000 union business agents sta­ lesser increase for those in the lower America, mostly in the Northwest, cov­ tioned in General Motors' plants, which grades or levels. ering the States of Oregon, Washington, alone would cost that corporation more This cost-of-living increase alone is and California, recently voluntarily re­ than $12 million a year. an inflationary package for these em­ newed their contract for another year ployees of $42,265,600 a year. The 150 without asking for any increase in wages. WHAT ABOUT STEEL? million people who pay this wage in­ One hundred fifty thousand of the The iron and steelindustry payroll for crease through taxes and this inflation­ Amalgamated Clothing Workers of New 1957 set a record of $4,001,000,000 which ary cost of living get nothing but more York, who make .men's suits, have vol­ was $205 million higher than it was in inflation, and it increases the cost of na­ untarily renewed their contract without 1956, largely due to increased wages of tional defense, and pushes the budget seeking any increase in wages. Many 6Q6,700 people employed. The average higher. other unions have done likewise through­ total employee cost is $3.35 an hour, and Unless some halt can be calied against out the Nation. . t~day the st~el ind1,1stry and the people the constant spiraling of wages in these Presidept Eisenhower called upon the are facing another increase in wages on times of crises, it raises the serious major labor leaders of the Nation, and the last year of the 3-year contract of question as to whether or not with the the major business organizations of the 20 cents . an hour, which will raise :the constant increase in inflation the Nation a year ago to halt the increase in 9522 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE May 26· wages and prices, and urged them and If he would take such action, there iS' Mr. THOMSON of Wyoming. Mr. the American people to join with the little question but what the automobile Speaker, in the discussion of last Tues­ President and the Government o:tncials manufacturers would make a corre­ day, May 20, with regard to the eco­ in Washington to stop wage and price sponding reduction in the price of cars, I).omic situation in agriculture, the time increases, and help the Government stop trucks, and so forth. The public and the limited the discussion of certain subjects inflation. It is unfortunate that this was Congress would insist they make such which arose. I take this opportunity for not done because it has cost the Govern­ reductions. further discussion of those subjects and ment and the people billions of dollars Mr. Speaker, if such good faith was other important decisions that must be through constantly increasing wages shown on the part of Mr. Reuther, and made of great importance to American and prices. · the officials of the automobile industry, agriculture. · BUSINESS ADVISORY COUNCIL there is little doubt but what the Con­ · In last Tuesday's discussion, certain Mr. Speaker, recently a special 7-man gress would repeal, or greatly reduce ex­ broad and sweeping statements were antirecession committee of the Busi­ cise taxes on automobiles, and auto­ made by Democrat members which are ness Advisors Council, of 100 business and motive equipment. This would lower simply not supported by the facts. The financial leaders, which meets in private the price on cars, increase sales and in­ statement was made that "The truth session six times a year, recommended crease jobs for the workers. of the matter is that during all the peri­ that President Eisenhower call for a If Mr. Reuther would take such action, ods of high price supports farm prices voluntary 1-year moratorium on wages Mr. Dave McDonald, the United Steel remained up.'" Further statement was on the part of labor and on correspond­ Workers president, could well afford not made that "The truth of the matter is ing price increases by business. to insist on a 20 cents an hour raise that that we have built up surplus on top of What was labor's reaction? The will automatically go into effect July 1. surplus since the flexible price-support answer of Mr. George Meany, President Doubtless, steel instead of raising prices program has gone into effect. We have of the AFL-CIO, as reported in the press again to meet this increase in wages on had an increasing surplus of wheat and May 17 was a resounding rejection. July 1, would. reduce its price commen­ we will probably have the largest carry­ Meany took the position that "in the surate with the wage saving. Again, the over at the end of this harvest that we final analysis, the key to this dynamic public and the Congress would doubtless have ever had in the history of this American economy is purchasing power insist upon such reductions. country, ~ertainly in the mod.ern history in the hands of the great mass of the Mr. Speaker, this would comply with of this country." people." However, he failed to state the recommendation of Mr. Bernard Ba­ The Democrat members participating you can't have purchasing power with­ ruch before the Senate committee when in the discussion attempted to establish out jobs. he said: that during the period when high price Mr. Meany and Mr. Reuther apparently It would be an inspiring and salutary supports were in effect prices remained take the positi&n that wage increases are thing if the leaders of our great labor unions up without the creation of surpluses and and business would jointly pledge to the not inflationaryL Under the leadership President that for 1 year there wm be no that as a result of the flexible price sup­ of David J. McDonald, the steel workers' increases in wages or prices or profit margins. port program, agricultural prices have wage policy committee recently voted to gone down and surpluses have built up. seek higher wages and improved fringe This in substance, is what President That is simply contrary to the fact-. benefits for 214,.000 workers in Metal Eisenhower referred to a year ago when In discussing this subject we must Fabricating Plants. ''A recession year," he said: remember that throughout 1953 and said David McDonald, "is not the time I do stand firmly upon the idea I ad­ 1954 price supports remained at 90 per­ for a backward step." vanced, which is that Government alone cent-of-parity. Supports for the 1955- Mr. Speaker, their answer, in part, is cannot preserve a sound dollar. There has crop basics were not allowed flexibility got to be a free economy, statesmanlike that excessive profits had been made by action on the part of all business elements, at the full 75-90 percent-of-parity Steel, General Motors and the big cor­ businessmen and labor, or we are lost. range. Instead for 1955 the range was porations generally. held by the 1954 act at 82% to 90 per­ Their statement caused me to look That is what the special committee of cent. It was not until the 1956 crop that carefully into the matter of profits by the Business Advisory Council recom­ the law permitted flexibility of basics General Motors, and here are the facts mended recently when they agreed the within the full 75-90 percent-of-parity according to the report to the stockhold­ President should call for a voluntary range permitted by the Agricultural Act ers, which should be of interest to the 1-year ~oratorium on wages on the part of 1949. For the years 1953 and 1954, Members of Congress: of labor, and on corresponding price in­ the first two years of the Republican Total sales for the year creases by business. Administration, the high price supports, 1957------$10,990,000,000 Mr. Speaker, such action on the part of repeatedly offered by the Democrats in Net profits before preferred the big labor leaders, and on the part of the last two sessions of Congress as a dividends were paid_____ $844, 000,000 the big industrialists and business peo­ cure, were in full force and effect. Net profit after payment of ple of the Nation would stop this reces­ On January 1953, when the Republi­ preferred dividends______$831, 000, 000 sion within 30 days. It would stop infla­ can administration took over the execu­ Net profit for 1957, percent_ 7. 7 tion almost at once. It would put all of tive branch of the Government, the farm Dividends paid on common the unemployed back to work. It would shares------$555,454,000 price index stood at 267-1910 to 1914 save the Government and the people bil­ equals 100. This was 46 points below the The corporation withheld 99 cents tor each lions of dollars, and offer new hope for Korean war high which decline had share of common stock for reinvestment. In the future. other words, there remained in the corpora­ taken place under a Democrat adminis­ tion's business $275,220,000. If business and labor fail to move tration both in the Executive and in quickly in this direction, the Congress Congress and under high rigid 90 per­ Mr. Speaker, this does not appear to be should disregard pressure groups and ad­ cent supports. The average price re­ excessive profits on the part of General journ politics long enough to pass a con­ ceived index for the year 1953 was 258 Motors Corp.; however, a careful study current resolution demanding that labor representing a further substantial de­ could easily determine the facts. and business declare and enforce a cline while we were still under 90 per­ SHOULD RENEW PRESENT CONTRACT moratorium for at least a year on price cent high rigid supports. The average It would seem that Mr. Reuther and and wage increases. If they fail to com­ price received index for 1954 was 249 his associates could afford to call off their ply, wage and price controls seem the representing a still further decline. The new demands for wage increases and only alternative to stop inflation. · Demand and Price Situation, released fringe benefits of 73 cents an hour plus by the Agricultural Marketing Service one-fourth of the corporation's profits. THE ECONOMIC SITUATION IN RE­ last Friday, May 23, shows prices received If he took such statesmanlike action, and by farmers during the month ended in renewed the present 3-year contract, his GARD TO AMERICAN AGRICULTURE - mid-April 1958, to be 266. Under the employees would automatically get an The SPEAKER. Under previous order fiexible program the prices received for additional 6 cents an hour per year in­ of the House, the gentleman from all farm products have recovered to crease plus the increase in the cost of Wyoming [Mr. THOMSON] is recognized within one point of the index on Jan­ living. for 60 minutes; uary 1, 1953. All of the further losses 1958 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE 9523 under the Democrat program have ·been position reached by the nonsupported lion decline in farm population during recovered and the trend remains upward. commodities make a strong case for free- the past 5 years is only about 50 percent Farm prices are now averaging about dom in agriculture instead of the cure-all of the 4.5 million that left the farm dur­ 10 percent above a year ago. Latest in-· of high supports and Government control ing the last 5 years of the Truman ad­ come estimates for 1958 indicate that proposed by the Democrat program. ministration. In the 10 year period ef farmers' net incomes will be around 5 Let us now turn to what has happened 1935-45, during the Roosevelt adminis­ to 10 percent better than last year. The to the surpluses. The fact is that con- tration, almost 7 million left the farm. improvement in farmers' prices and in­ sidered on a dollar-inventory basis or on The greatest exodus from our farms in comes is a heartening fact. It should the basis of an inventory in kind, the sur- our history occurred during the Demo­ be heralded as such by everyone regard­ pluses have been reduced. By February crat years of 1933-53. less of politics. It will make a substan­ 1954, while 90-percent-of-parity price Another overworked statistic is the in­ tial contribution to overall economic im­ supports were still in effect, the Com- creased size of the farm. The inference provement. A large amount of the cred­ modity Credit Corporation's investment is that family farms are giving way to it for the present improvement in agri­ in basics amounted to $5,150 million. large corporate operations. Yet the fact culture lies in the new policies that have Support levels for the 1954 crop were held is that our percentage of family-size been breathed into agriculture within at 90 percent of parity. As mentioned, farms remains the same; 96 percent of the last few years under the leadership supports for the 1955 crop basics were not our farms are family-size farms which is of Secretary Benson. Secretary Ben­ allowed flexibility at the full 75-90-per- the same percentage that existed 30 son-against all kinds of clamor and mis­ cent-of-parity range, but, instead, the years ago. With modern machines and representation-has held firmly to the range was held at 82 Y2 to 90 percent, and methods, a family farm must of necessity conviction that high, rigid price supports again the investment mounted, totaling be larger to provide an adequate stand­ and a regimentation of farmers through in February 1956 a record $8,003 million. ard of living for the farm family. It is Government control programs were con­ After the flexible support law became not the Republican position to try to trary to the best interests of the farmers fully effective, the CCC's investment in regulate our farmers onto farm units and of the Nation's taxpayers. Recent basic commodities dropped to $7,432 mil- that are uneconomic in size with a de­ developments in the price and income lion in February of 1957 and further pressed standard of living. situation of agriculture give most strik­ dropped to $6,255 million in February of The Republican position is that pro- ing endorsement of these views. Even 1958. The later figure represents a $1,748 ' duction must respond to shifts in de­ more significant than the overall im­ million drop from the February 1956 mand. The Democrat position would provement in agriculture prices and in­ peak. insist that a person have the opportu- comes of farmers is the fact that the As far as volume is concerned, the same nity to produce a given crop regardless of greatest improvement has been made situation generally prevails. In regard demand. Applying this to industry, we wholely outside of the commodities that to wheat which presents the most press- would now be subsidizing the production are regimented. Many of these commod­ ing problem, the 1955 carryover amount- of wagons a_nd carriages. Under the ities are those that receive no direct ed to 1,036 million bushels. By 1956 this ~e~?crat Philosophy_. we would be s~b­ price support help from the Govern­ was reduced to 1 033 million bushels. Sidizmg the production of horses With ment. Livestock products as a whole The 1957 carryover 'was 908 million bush- the Government purchasing them. This show outstanding gains. Prices of meat els and it is estimated that the 1958 sounds absurd to everyone, I am sure. animals for the first quarter of this year carryover will be 875 million bushels or As times moves along the Democrat phi­ have · averaged more than one-fourth less. On August 1, 1957, the carryover on losophy with regard to today's crops ap­ higher than a year earlier. Cattle prices cotton had been reduced by more than pears ~qually absurd. for the quarter averaged 36 percent over 3 million bales from the 14.5 million-bale It has been proved over and over again a year ago, and hogs 15 percent above. figure for a year earlier. It is estimated that the Government first does for us, In agriculture as in other fields there that on August 1, 1958, the carryover will then tells us what y;e can do, and finally are those that consistently make the ef­ be further lowered to about 8.3 million tells us what we will do. A Government fort to lead us to Government control bales which would be the smallest carry- program becomes a . political program and domination and seize on every op­ over of cotton since August 1, 1953. rather th~. an agncultl!ral. prog!~· portunity to further their objectives. It The fact is that agricultural prices As sucJ:l It 1s heape~ with m~qmties. was only a year ago last January that suffered their worst declines under 90 Wheat Is the olily bas1c commod1ty that these people were insisting on support percent, high, rigid price supports and is produced in our area. Initially the programs for livestock and protesting have since recovered to the level of Jan- program was used to encourage better that the situation could never correct uary 1, 1953, when this administration farming and soil ~onservatio~ practi~es itself otherwise. To the credit of the took over. The fact is that the price- of suml?er ~allowmg and stnp farmmg secretary of Agriculture, he did not give depressing surpluses have been reduced by m~km~ direct payments th.eref-, as amended, and for other pur­ one-hundredths acres, more or less; Mr. COOLEY: Committee on AgricultUre. poses; to the Committee on Ways and Means. H. R. 9775. An act for the relief of William H. R. 12602. A bill to amend the Agi'icul­ By Mr. BYRNE of Illinois: J. McGarry; · tural Adjustment Act of 1938, as amended, H. R. 12684. A bill declaring October 12 to H. R. 9991. An act for the relief of Felix to permit the transfer of 1958 farm acreage be a legal holiday; to the Committee on the Garcia; allotments for cotton in the case of natural Judiciary. H. R. 9992. An act for the relief of James disasters, and for other purposes; with By Mr. MULTER: R. Martin and others; and amendment (Rept. No. 1772). Referred to H. R. 12685. A bill to require the Surgeon H. J. Res. 586. Joint resolution to authorize the Committee of the Whole House on the General to undertake a special research pro­ the designation of the week beginning on State of the Union. gram with respect to cystic fibrosis; to the October 13, 1958, as National Olympic Week. Mrs. PFOST: Committee on Interior and Committee on Interstate and Foreign Com­ Insular Affairs. H. R. 4964. A bill to au­ merce. thorize the Secretary of the Interior to ex­ By Mr. DAVIS of Georgia: ADJOURNMENT change lands at Olympic National Park, and H. R. 12686. A bill to extend for 2 years the for other purposes; with amendment (Rept. authority of the President to enter into Mr. HOLLAND. Mr. Speaker. I move No. 1773) . Referred to the Committee of trade agreements under section 350 of the that the House do now adjourn. the Whole House on the State of the Union. Tariff Act of 1930, as amended, and for other . The motion was agreed to; accordingly Mr. COOLEY: Committee on Agriculture. purposes; to the Committee on Ways and (at 5 o'clock and 38 minutes p. m.) the H. R. 12164. A bill to amend the Agricul­ Means. ture Act, as amended, to permit use of Fed­ By Mr. IKARD: House adjourned until tomorrow, Tues­ H. R. 126~7. A bill to amend section 270 (a) day, May 27, 1958, at 12 o'clock noon. eral surplus foods in nonprofit summer camps for children; with amendment (Rept. of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954; to the No. 1774). Referred to the Committee of Committee on Wa.ys and Means. By Mr. MOORE: EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, ETC. the Whole House on the State of the Union. Mr. O'NEILL: Committee on Rules. H. R. 12688. A bill to extend for 2 years Under clause 2 of rule XXIV, executive House Resolution 577. Resolution for con­ the authority of the President to enter into communications were taken from the sideration of H. R. 12575, a bill to provide trade agreements under section 350 of the Speaker's table and referred as follows: for research into problems of flight within Tariff Act of 1930, as amended, and for and outside the earth's atmosphere, and for other purposes~ to the Committee on Ways 1959. A letter from the Comptroller Gen­ and Means. eral of the United States, transmitting a other purposes; without amendment (Rept. No. 1775). Referred to the House Calendar. By Mr. SAYLOR: report on examination of the pricing of H. R. 12689. A bill to authorize the estab­ negotiated contracts totaling $118,700,000 Mr. WHITTEN: Committee of conference. lishment of the Indiana Dunes National awarded to Cleveland diesel engine division, H. R. 11767. A bill making appropriations Monument, in the State of Indiana, and for General M~tors Corp., Cleveland, Ohio, by for the Department of Agriculture and Farm other purposes; to the Committee on In­ the Bureau of Ships, Department of the Credit Administration for the fiscal ye_ar terior and Insular Affairs. Navy, pursuant to the Budget and Account­ ending June 30, 1959, and for other pur­ By Mr. ANFUSO:. Ing Act, 1921 (31 U. S. C. 53), the Accounting poses; without amendment (Rept. No. 1776). H. Con. Res. 335. Concurrent resolution ex­ and Auditing ·Act of 1950 (31 U. s. c. 67), Ordered to be printed, · pressing the sense of the Congress that a 1958 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 9529 Pan American Parliamentary Association a~tment of legislation to provide national PETITIONS, ETC. should be established; to the Committee on recognition to certain national, nonprofit, Foreign Affairs. · nonpolitical war veterans' organizations; to Under clause 1 of rule XXII, petitions By Mr. HIESTAND: the Committee on Veterans' Affairs. and papers were laid on the Clerk's desk H. Con. Res. 336. Concurrent resolution re­ Also, memorial of the Legislature of the and referred as follows: questing the President to proclaim the State of Tennessee, memorializing the Pres-· 639. By Mrs. ST. GEORGE: Petition of period from June 9 to 14, 1958, as National 1dent and the Congress of the United States the Circleville, Orange County, N. Y., Little League Baseball Week; to the Com­ relative to going on record as being opposed WCTU; requesting passage of H. R. 4835 mittee on the Judiciary. to reduction in the strength of the Army and S. 582, relating to prohibiting the trans­ By Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts: National Guard for the fiscal year 1959; to portation in interstate commerce of adver­ H. Con. Res. 337. Concurrent resolution en­ the Committee on Armed Services. tisements of alcoholic beverages, and for deavoring to reduce the number of acci• other purposes; to the Committee on dents and deaths from accidents on the Interstate and Foreign Commerce. highways; to the Committee on Interstate PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS 640. By Mr. SCHENCK: Petition of Neil and Foreign Commerce. L. Sohngen and others of Hamilton, Ohio, Under clause 1 of rule XXII, private urging support of Federal legislation pro­ bills and resolutions were introduced and viding a tax credit for amounts paid as tui­ severally referred as follows: tion or fees by an individual to public and MEMORIALS By Mr. DONOHUE: private institutions of higher education; to Under clause 4 of rule XXII, memori­ H. R. 12690. A bill for the relief of Bole­ the Committee on Ways and Means. als were presented and referred as slaw Burzynski; to the Committee on the 641. By the SPEAKER: Petition of R. P. Judiciary. McGarity and others, Benton Harbor, Mich., follows: By Mr. FARBSTEIN: requesting passage of House bills 1008, By Mr. FORAND: Memorial of the Rhode H. R. 12691. A bill for the relief of Mak­ 3974, 4523, and 4677, pertaining to the Rail­ Island General Assembly memorializing sym Hrycyk; to the Committee on the Judi­ road Retirement Act; to the Committee on Congress to enact legislation to provide na­ ciary. Interstate and Foreign Commerce. tional recognition to certain national, non­ By Mr. MULTER: 642. Also, petition of the · clerk ·of the profit, nonpolitical war veterans' organiza­ H. R. 12692. A bill for the relief of Luigi board of supervisors, Buffalo, N. Y., request­ tions; to the Committee on Veterans' Affairs. Argenziano; to the Committee on the Judi­ ing that legislation be enacted so that all By the SPEAKER: Memorial of the Legis­ ciary. individual persons be allowed an exemption lature of the State of Rhode Island, memo­ . By Mr. NEAL: of $1,200 for the taxpayer and $1,200 for rializing the President and the Congress of H. R. 12693. A bill for the relief of Chan each dependent, instead of the $600 now the United States relative to the Rhode Tse Man; to the Committee on the Judi­ allowed; to the Committee on Ways and Island General Assembly requesting the en- ciary. Means.

EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS

An Antimilitary Defense Bill I know the Navy considers the over­ The Republican Party of Texas and haul an.d repair facilities a vital part of the Nation have lost one of their young and ablest leaders. During his service EXTENSION OF REMARKS their mobilization requirement. While it is true that these facilities could be as Assistant Secretary of Defense, he OF mothballed, we cannot put away on a brought great credit and distinction to HON. BOB WILSON shelf the talents of the thousands of men his party, to himself, and to his family. OF CALIFORNIA and women who have gained experience The Republicans and Democrats alike, and the intricate technical know-how in the executive branch and in the Con.. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES and expect to have them ready in an gress, had the greatest respect and ad­ Monday, May 26, 1958 emergency. To keep our fieet operating miration for him. Mr. WILSON of California. Mr. with a real striking potential, we must I know that the membership of the Speaker, one of our colleagues recently have not only the facilities but the man­ House joins me in extending to his fam.. introduced legislation which is known as power in being ready for any call. ily our deepest understanding and sym­ the Antimilitary Aircraft workshop I am proud of the fine work the civilian pathy in their great loss and sorrow. Competition Act. A better title for this specialists are performing in the Gov­ legislation could well be the antimili­ ernment facilities around the country. tary defense bill. It suggests that air­ I am particularly proud of their work at craft overhaul and repair facilities such the naval bases in my district. As a busi­ United Press-International Merger Raises as those now operating in the major nessman, I say it is just good business-to Serious Antitrust Question naval air otations and Air Force depots keep these facilities operating as long as should be discontinued and the work of the fieet itself sails the seas. EXTENSION OF REMARKS overhauling these complex military ma­ OF chines let out on contract to business. I am certainly not opposed to the Gov­ HON. EMANUEL CELLER ernment letting out contracts for civilian The Honorable William H. Francis, Jr. OF NEW YORK production of normal civilian goods and IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES services, but it does not make sense to EXTENSION OF REMARKS Monday, May 26, 1958 try to divest the fighting units of our OF country from the facilities and the man­ Mr. CELLER. Mr. Speaker, the power vital to the maintenance of an HON. ALBERT THOMAS merger, agreed to May 16 and kept secret adequate fighting force. The overhaul OF TEXAS until announced May 24, of the United and repair shops at North Island in my IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Press Association and the International district, at Alameda, Norfolk, and other News Service is highly important to the installations, are a vital part of our Monday, May 26, 1958 American public. The new organiza­ Navy's striking force. They are ready at Mr. THOMAS. Mr. Speaker, the sud­ tion, United Press International, takes a moment's notice to provide overhaul den and unexpected passing of our dis­ over 5,000 papers from the United Press and repair facilities for peacetime and tinguished friend, the Honorable Wil­ and 3,000 from the International News wartime operations. They keep our car­ liam H. Francis, Jr., Assistant Secretary Service, as well as the international op­ rier-based aircraft in fighting trim. I of Defense, is a shock to all of us. I erations of International News Pictures shudder to think what delays might re­ have known him intimately for many and the still-picture service of both wire sult if we needed aircraft in a hurry and years. He was brilliant and had a services. had to take the time to go through the wealth of human understanding. In · The public has an acute interest in any normal business channels to get this fact, he possessed everything that made merger that affects the control of the workdone. · life worthwhile. news it receives. It is essential in a