Ecologica Montenegrina 17: 1-13 (2018) This journal is available online at: www.biotaxa.org/em https://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:4BCF2090-D85E-4081-9D37-58937D83E51A The true generic identity of Mastigoproctus pelegrini Armas, 2000: a new genus of Antillean whipscorpions (Thelyphonida: Thelyphonidae) ROLANDO TERUEL Grupo de Sistemática y Ecología de Artrópodos Caribeños Calle 200 # 3759, e/ 37 y 45, Reparto Versalles; La Lisa; La Habana 13500. CUBA. E-mail:
[email protected] Received 1 March 2018 │ Accepted by V. Pešić: 25 March 2018 │ Published online 26 March 2018. Abstract A new monotypic genus is herein described for the Western Cuban endemic whipscorpion Mastigoproctus pelegrini Armas, 2000. Its morphology is strikingly different from all other species of Mastigoproctus Pocock, 1894, but its generic placement remained unchallenged so far. Sheylayongium gen. n. is diagnosed from all other Mastigoproctinae Speijer, 1933 by a combination of several morphological characters of both sexes, e.g., high reduction of pedipalp armature and sexual dimorphism, carapace carination, unusual modification of sternite V, and female spermathecal structure. Its single species is thoroughly illustrated with high-resolution, full-color photographs, its geographical distribution is revised and updated, and new data are given on its natural history. Key words: Thelyphonida, whipscorpion, taxonomy, new genus, Cuba, Greater Antilles. Introduction In his rather succinct revision of the Cuban whipscorpions, Armas (2000) described Mastigoproctus pelegrini from the western part of the archipelago, with populations recorded from the two main islands: Cuba (former Pinar del Río Province, now including also Artemisa Province) and Isla de Pinos (Isla de la Juventud Special Municipality).