Ancient Greece

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Ancient Greece • STANDARD WHI.5a • The student will demonstrate knowledge of ancient Greece in terms of its impact on Western civilization by • a) assessing the influence of geography on Greek economic, social, and political development, including the impact of Greek commerce and colonies.

Geography of Greece SOL 5a Geography of Greece

• Located in southern Europe • Located on a peninsula – Surrounded by water on three sides • Aegean Sea • Ionian Sea • Mediterranean Sea

Adriatic Sea Aegean Sea Athens Black Sea Crete Ionian Sea Ithaca Knossos Mt Olympus Mycenae Rhodes Sparta Med. Sea Troy Strait of Dardanelles Bosporus Strait Asia Minor Italy Attica Peninsula Peloponnesus Peninsula Balkan Peninsula

Adriatic Sea Aegean Sea EUROPE Athens Black Sea Black Sea Crete Balkan Peninsula Ionian Sea Bosporus Strait Ithaca Knossos Adriatic Sea Mt Olympus Strait of Dardanelles Mt Olympus Mycenae Rhodes Sparta Med. Sea Troy Troy Aegean Sea Strait of Ionian Sea Attica Peninsula Dardanelles Bosporus Ithaca Athens Strait Asia Minor Asia Minor Mycenae Italy Attica Peloponnesian Peninsula Sparta Peninsula Peloponnesus Peninsula Mediterranean Sea Crete Knossos Balkan Rhodes Peninsula

• Mountainous terrain • Mountainous terrain • Lacked natural resources • Limited arable land – (arable = suitable for farming) • Mountainous terrain • Lacked natural resources • Limited arable land – (arable = suitable for farming) • Mountainous terrain • Lacked natural resources • Limited arable land – (arable = suitable for farming) • Mountainous terrain • Lacked natural resources • Mountainous terrain • Lacked natural resources • Mountainous terrain • Lacked natural resources • Mountainous terrain • Lacked natural resources • Limited arable land – (arable = suitable for farming) • Mountainous terrain • Lacked natural resources • Limited arable land – (arable = suitable for farming) 2. What effect did mountains have on Greece?

2. What effect did mountains have on Greece?

• Mountains protected and isolated city-states. 2. What effect did mountains have on Greece?

• Mountains protected and isolated city-states.

City-State A city and its surrounding territory, completely independent of any other government 2. What effect did mountains have on Greece?

• Mountains protected and isolated city-states. 2. What effect did mountains have on Greece?

• Mountains protected and isolated city-states. • As a result, city-states developed independent of each other. 2. What effect did mountains have on Greece?

• Mountains protected and isolated city-states. • As a result, city-states developed independent of each other. • Greek cities were designed to promote civic (public) and commercial life 2. What effect did mountains have on Greece?

3. What effect did a lack of natural resources have on Greece?

• It led to sea travel and trade with other civilizations.

3. What effect did a lack of natural resources have on Greece?

• It led to sea travel and trade with other civilizations.

3. What effect did a lack of natural resources have on Greece?

• It led to sea travel and trade with other civilizations. • Commerce (trade) helped spread Hellenistic culture (Greek culture)

3. What effect did a lack of natural resources have on Greece?

• It led to sea travel and trade with other civilizations. • Commerce (trade) helped spread Hellenistic cultureHellenistic (Greek culture)

Relating to the civilization and culture of the Greek world 3. What effect did a lack of natural resources have on Greece?

• It led to sea travel and trade with other civilizations. • Commerce (trade) helped spread Hellenistic culture

3. What effect did a lack of natural resources have on Greece?

• It led to sea travel and trade with other civilizations. • Commerce (trade) helped spread Hellenistic culture • Shift from barter to money economy (coins)

3. What effect did a lack of natural resources have on Greece?

• It led to sea travel and trade with other civilizations. • Commerce (trade) helped spread Hellenistic culture • Shift from barter to money economy (coins)

4. What effect did limited arable land have on Greece?

• Eventually, the Greeks began to colonize other lands for two reasons:

4. What effect did limited arable land have on Greece?

• Eventually, the Greeks began to colonize other lands for two reasons: - Overpopulation

4. What effect did limited arable land have on Greece?

• Eventually, the Greeks began to colonize other lands for two reasons: - Overpopulation - Search for more arable land

(Arable = farmable) Essential Questions

How did the mountains, seas, islands, harbors, peninsulas, and straits of the Aegean Basin shape Greek economic, social, and political development and patterns of trade and colonization?

• STANDARD WHI.5b • The student will demonstrate knowledge of ancient Greece in terms of its impact on Western civilization by • b) describing Greek mythology and religion.

Essential Understandings

• Greek mythology was based on a polytheistic religion that was integral to culture, politics, and art in ancient Greece.

• Many of Western civilization’s symbols, metaphors, words, and idealized images come from ancient Greek mythology. Greek mythology Greek mythology

• Based on polytheistic religion

Greek mythology

• Based on polytheistic religion • Offered explanations for natural phenomena, human qualities, and life events

Greek mythology

• Based on polytheistic religion • Offered explanations for natural phenomena, human qualities, and life events • The gods lived on Mount Olympus

Greek gods and goddesses

• Zeus Greek gods and goddesses

• Zeus – Father of Gods and men – God of sky and thunder Greek gods and goddesses

• Hera Greek gods and goddesses

• Hera – Queen of the gods – Wife and sister of Zeus – Goddess of marriage, women, and birth Greek gods and goddesses

• Apollo Greek gods and goddesses

• Apollo – Son of Zeus – God of the Sun – Truth and prophecy, healing, plague, music, poetry, and more Greek gods and goddesses

• Apollo Greek gods and goddesses

• Artemis

Greek gods and goddesses

• Artemis – Daughter of Zeus – Twin sister of Apollo – Goddess of the hunt, wild animals, wilderness, childbirth, virginity and protector of young girls, bringing and relieving disease in women Greek gods and goddesses

• Athena Greek gods and goddesses

• Athena – Goddess of wisdom, courage, inspiration, civilization, law and justice, just warfare, mathematics, strength, strategy, the arts, crafts, and skill – Athens was named after her Greek gods and goddesses

• Aphrodite Greek gods and goddesses

• Aphrodite – Greek goddess of love, beauty, pleasure, and procreation Modern Influence

• Symbols and images in Western literature, art, and architecture Modern Influence

• Symbols and images in Western literature, art, and architecture

– Mythology influenced art – Leonardo da Vinci, Michelangelo, and Raphael Modern Influence

• Symbols and images in Western literature, art, and architecture Modern Influence

• Symbols and images in Western literature, art, and architecture

– Mythology influenced Literature – Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey • Iliad – an epic poem about the Trojan War • Odyssey – an epic poem about Odysseus’ return home

Modern Influence

• Symbols and images in Western literature, art, and architecture

– Mythology influenced Literature – Homer’sEpic Iliad and Odyssey • Iliad – an epic poem about the Trojan War Long• Odyssey narrative – an epic poem poems about Odysseus’celebrating return homethe deeds of legendary or traditional heroes Modern Influence

• Symbols and images in Western literature, art, and architecture

– Mythology influenced Literature – Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey

“Trojan Horse” “Achilles’ Heel”

“Odyssey” Modern Influence

• Symbols and images in Western literature, art, and architecture

– Mythology influenced Literature – Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey – Aesop’s Fables Modern Influence

• Symbols and images in Western literature, art, and architecture “Honesty is the best policy,” – Mythology influenced Literature – Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey – Aesop’s Fables “Looks can be deceiving.” “Don’t count your chickens before “Birds of a they hatch” feather flock together,” Modern Influence

• Symbols and images in Western literature, art, and architecture

– Mythology influenced Literature – Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey – Aesop’s Fables Essential Questions

How did mythology help the early Greek What impact did civilization explain Greek mythology the natural world have on later and the human civilizations and condition? the contemporary world?

• STANDARD WHI.5c • The student will demonstrate knowledge of ancient Greece in terms of its impact on Western civilization by • c) identifying the social structure and role of slavery, explaining the significance of citizenship and the development of democracy, and comparing the city-states of Athens and Sparta.

Essential Understandings

• Classical Athens developed the most democratic system of government the world had ever seen, although not everyone could participate in decision making. It became a foundation of modern democracies.

• Contrasting philosophies of government divided the Greek city-states of Athens (democracy) and Sparta (oligarchy).

Social Structure and citizenship in the Greek polis

Polis

An ancient Greek city-state Social Structure and citizenship in the Greek polis

• Classical Athens developed the most democratic system of government the world had ever seen. Social Structure and citizenship in the Greek polis

• Not everyone could participate in decision making.

Social Structure and citizenship in the Greek polis

• Not everyone could participate in decision making.

• Citizens (free adult males) had political rights and the responsibility of civic participation in government.

Social Structure and citizenship in the Greek polis

• Not everyone could participate in decision making.

• Citizens (free adult males) had political rights and the responsibility of civic participation in government.

• “Civic Participation” = can participate in the running of Athens

Social Structure and citizenship in the Greek polis

•Women and foreigners had no political rights.

Social Structure and citizenship in the Greek polis

•Slaves had no political rights.

Social Structure and citizenship in the Greek polis

• It became a foundation of modern democracies. City-States

Two examples of cities in Greece!

City-States

Two examples of cities in Greece!

Contrasting philosophies of government divided the Greek city-states of Athens (democracy) and Sparta (oligarchy).

Athens Athens

•Stages in the evolution of Athenian government: Athens

•Stages in the evolution of Athenian government: – Monarchy (kings and queens) Athens

•Stages in the evolution of Athenian government: – Monarchy (kings and queens) – Aristocracy (rich people) Athens

•Stages in the evolution of Athenian government: – Monarchy (kings and queens) – Aristocracy (rich people) – Tyranny (a dictator) Athens

•Stages in the evolution of Athenian government: – Monarchy (kings and queens) – Aristocracy (rich people) – Tyranny (a dictator) – Democracy (everyone votes)

Athens

•Tyrants who worked for reform:

Athens

•Tyrants who worked for reform: – Draco:

Athens

•Tyrants who worked for reform: – Draco: • Replaced oral laws with written code Athens

•Tyrants who worked for reform: – Draco: • Replaced oral laws with written code • Became known as “Draconian Laws” and were unforgiving laws

Athens

•Tyrants who worked for reform: – Solon: Athens

•Tyrants who worked for reform: – Solon: • He is credited with the foundations of Athenian Democracy Athens

•Origin of democratic principles: Athens

•Origin of democratic principles: – Direct democracy Athens

•Origin of democratic principles: – Direct democracy

Athens was a “Direct Democracy”

Athens

•Origin of democratic principles: – Direct democracy

Athens was a “Direct Democracy” Direct Democracy

Government in which citizens rule directly, usually through voting

Athens

•Origin of democratic principles: – Direct democracy

Athens was a “Direct Democracy”

The United States has a “Representative Democracy”

Athens

•Origin of democratic principles: – Direct democracy

RepresentativeAthens was a “Direct Democracy” Democracy

TheGovernment United States in has which a “Representative citizens elect representativesDemocracy” to vote for them

Athens

•Origin of democratic principles: – Direct democracy – Public debate

Athens

•Origin of democratic principles: – Direct democracy – Public debate

Athens

•Origin of democratic principles: – Direct democracy – Public debate – Duties of the citizen:

Athens

•Origin of democratic principles: – Direct democracy – Public debate – Duties of the citizen: • to participate and vote

Social Structure and citizenship in the Greek polis

• It became a foundation of modern democracies. Athens

• All men could belong to the Ecclesia…

… the Popular Assembly

• All men could vote Sparta Sparta Sparta Sparta

•Oligarchy Sparta

•Oligarchy

Oligarchy

Rule by a small group Sparta

•Oligarchy (rule by a small group) – 28 Men over 60 years old Sparta

•Oligarchy (rule by a small group) – 28 Men over 60 years old – Made the laws Sparta

•Rigid social structure – Spartan citizens had full rights – Others had strict classes according to lineage

Sparta

•Militaristic and aggressive society Sparta

•Militaristic and aggressive society – All Sparta male citizens began military training at age 20

Sparta

•Militaristic and aggressive society – All Sparta male citizens began military training at age 20 – The Spartan army was unmatched

Essential Questions

• How did democracy develop in Athens?

• How did Sparta differ from Athens?

• STANDARD WHI.5d • The student will demonstrate knowledge of ancient Greece in terms of its impact on Western civilization by • d) evaluating the significance of the Persian and Peloponnesian Wars.

Adriatic Sea Aegean Sea Athens Black Sea Crete Ionian Sea Ithaca Knossos Mt Olympus Mycenae Rhodes Sparta Med. Sea Troy Strait of Dardanelles Bosporus Strait Asia Minor Minoans Italy Attica Peninsula Peloponnesus Peninsula Balkan Peninsula

Essential Understandings

• The Greeks defeated the Persian empire and preserved their political independence.

• Competition between Sparta and Athens for control of Greece helped cause the Peloponnesian War. Importance of Persian Wars (499–449 B.C. [B.C.E.]) • The Persian Empire… Importance of Persian Wars (499–449 B.C. [B.C.E.]) • The Persian Empire… Importance of Persian Wars (499–449 B.C. [B.C.E.]) • The Persians intended to expand their land by invading Greece and taking its land Importance of Persian Wars (499–449 B.C. [B.C.E.])

Importance of Persian Wars (499–449 B.C. [B.C.E.]) • Persian wars united Athens and Sparta against the Persian Empire. Importance of Persian Wars (499–449 B.C. [B.C.E.]) • Athenian victories over the Persians at Marathon and Salamis left Greeks in control of the Aegean Sea. Importance of Persian Wars (499–449 B.C. [B.C.E.]) • Athenian victories over the Persians at Marathon and Salamis left Greeks in control of the Aegean Sea. Importance of Persian Wars (499–449 B.C. [B.C.E.]) • Athenian victories over the Persians at Marathon and Salamis left Greeks in control of the Aegean Sea. Importance of Persian Wars (499–449 B.C. [B.C.E.]) • Athens preserved its independence and continued innovations in government and culture. Importance of Peloponnesian War (431–404 B.C. [B.C.E.])

Importance of Peloponnesian War (431–404 B.C. [B.C.E.]) • Caused in part by competition for control of the Greek world: Importance of Peloponnesian War (431–404 B.C. [B.C.E.]) • Caused in part by competition for control of the Greek world: – Athens and the Delian League Importance of Peloponnesian War (431–404 B.C. [B.C.E.]) • Caused in part by competition for control of the Greek world: – Athens and the Delian League – versus Sparta and the Peloponnesian League Importance of Peloponnesian War (431–404 B.C. [B.C.E.]) • Caused in part by competition for control of the Greek world: – Athens and the Delian League – versus Sparta and the Peloponnesian League Importance of Peloponnesian War (431–404 B.C. [B.C.E.]) • Caused in part by competition for control of the Greek world: – Athens and the Delian League – versus Sparta and the Peloponnesian League Importance of Peloponnesian War (431–404 B.C. [B.C.E.]) • Resulted in slowing of cultural advance and the weakening of political power – Neither city could focus on itself very much Essential Questions

• Why were wars with Persia important to the development of Greek culture?

• Why was the Peloponnesian War important to the spread of Greek culture?

• STANDARD WHI.5e, f • The student will demonstrate knowledge of ancient Greece in terms of its impact on Western civilization by • e) characterizing life in Athens during the Golden Age of Pericles; • f) citing contributions in drama, poetry, history, sculpture, architecture, science, mathematics, and philosophy, with emphasis on Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle.

Essential Understandings

• Athenian culture during the classical era became one of the foundation stones of Western civilization. Golden Age of Pericles

”Our constitution is called a democracy because power is in the hands not of a minority but of the whole people.” Golden Age of Pericles

(mostly occurring between the Persian and the Peloponnesian Wars) Golden Age of Pericles

Pericles extended democracy

Most adult males had an equal voice Golden Age of Pericles

Pericles had Athens rebuilt after destruction in the Persian Wars

Golden Age of Pericles

Pericles had Athens rebuilt after destruction in the Persian Wars

The Parthenon is an example of this reconstruction. Golden Age of Pericles

Pericles had Athens rebuilt after destruction in the Persian Wars

The Parthenon is an example of this reconstruction. Contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization

Contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization • Drama:

• Greeks were famous for their culture and writing plays

Contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization • Drama:

• Greeks were famous for their culture and writing plays

• They even held festivals where authors of plays competed against each other! Contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization • Drama: Aeschylus Contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization • Drama: Aeschylus

• Wrote several plays

• One was “Seven Against Thebes” Contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization • “Seven Against Thebes”

• King Oedipus realizes he married his own mother Contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization • “Seven Against Thebes”

• King Oedipus realizes he married his own mother • He has two sons and two daughters with her Contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization • “Seven Against Thebes”

• King Oedipus realizes he married his own mother • He has two sons and two daughters with her • He blinds himself and curses his sons to divide their inheritance by fighting it out with armies Contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization • Drama: Sophocles Contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization • Drama: Sophocles.

• He also wrote plays about Oedipus and wars

Contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization • Drama: Sophocles.

• He also wrote plays about Oedipus and wars

• He also won several competitions Contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization • Poetry: Homer Contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization • Poetry: Homer (Iliad and Odyssey)

Contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization • Poetry: Homer (Iliad and Odyssey)

• Iliad – Epic poem – About the ten year siege of the city Troy by the Greeks… The Trojan War

Contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization • Poetry: Homer (Iliad and Odyssey)

• Odyssey – Epic poem – About the voyage home of Odysseus after the Trojan War

Contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization • History: Contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization • History: • Herodotus – Ancient Greek Historian – “Father of History” – First true historian Contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization • History: • Thucydides – Historian – General – Used evidence gathering techniques Contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization • Sculpture: • Phidias • One of the greatest of Greece • Most famous was his statue of Zeus Contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization • Architecture: • Famous Greek architecture includes types of columns for holding up buildings Contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization • Architecture: • Doric (Parthenon) – stood directly on the pavement without a base – vertical shafts were fluted with grooves – topped by a smooth capital Contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization • Architecture: • Doric (Parthenon) – stood directly on the flat pavement without a base – vertical shafts were fluted with grooves – topped by a smooth capital Contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization • Architecture: • Doric (Parthenon) – stood directly on the flat pavement without a base – vertical shafts were fluted with grooves – topped by a smooth capital Contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization • Architecture: • Ionic – Stand on a simple base – Grooved sides – A “scroll” style cap Contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization • Architecture: • Corinthian – Most ornate – Simple base – Fluted columns – Elaborate capitals decorated with leaves and scrolls. Contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization • Architecture: • Corinthian – Most ornate – Simple base – Fluted columns – Elaborate capitals decorated with leaves and scrolls.

1 2 What was the name of the wars between the Athenians and Spartans? The ______Wars

• WORD BANK:

3 5 • Corinthian • Doric • Ionic 4 • Parthenon • Peloponessian

Contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization • Science: Archimedes • Greek mathematician, physicist, engineer, inventor, and astronomer • one of the leading scientists Contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization • Science: Archimedes Contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization • Science: Archimedes Contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization • Science: Hippocrates • Ancient Greek physician of the Age of Pericles • Founder of the Hippocratic School of Medicine Contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization • Science: Hippocrates • Started the Hippocratic Oath Contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization

• Science: Hippocrates • I swear by Apollo, the healer, Asclepius, Hygieia, and Panacea, and I take to witness all the gods, all the goddesses, to keep according to my ability and my judgment, the following Oath and agreement: • To consider dear to me, as my parents, him who taught me this art; to live in common with him and, if necessary, to share my goods with him; To look upon his children as my own brothers, to teach them this art; and that by my teaching, I will impart a knowledge of this art to my own sons, and to my teacher's sons, and to disciples bound by an indenture and oath according to the medical laws, and no others. • I will prescribe regimens for the good of my patients according to my ability and my judgment and never do harm to anyone. • I will give no deadly medicine to any one if asked, nor suggest any such counsel; and similarly I will not give a woman a peccary to cause an abortion. • But I will preserve the purity of my life and my arts. • I will not cut for stone, even for patients in whom the disease is manifest; I will leave this operation to be performed by practitioners, specialists in this art. • In every house where I come I will enter only for the good of my patients, keeping myself far from all intentional ill-doing and all seduction and especially from the pleasures of love with women or men, be they free or slaves. • All that may come to my knowledge in the exercise of my profession or in daily commerce with men, which ought not to be spread abroad, I will keep secret and will never reveal. • If I keep this oath faithfully, may I enjoy my life and practice my art, respected by all humanity and in all times; but if I swerve from it or violate it, may the reverse be my life.

Contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization • Science: Hippocrates Contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization • Science: Hippocrates Contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization • Mathematics: Euclid • Greek mathematician, often referred to as the "Father of Geometry" Contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization • Mathematics: Pythagoras Contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization • Mathematics: Pythagoras • Greek philosopher, mathematician, and founder of the religious movement called Pythagoreanism

Contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization • Mathematics: Pythagoras • Greek philosopher, mathematician, and founder of the religious movement called Pythagoreanism

• He is best known for the Pythagorean theorem Contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization • Mathematics: Pythagoras • Greek philosopher, mathematician, and founder of the religious movement called Pythagoreanism

• He is best known for the Pythagorean theorem Contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization • Philosophy: Socrates, Plato, Aristotle

• Their views on the physical sciences profoundly shaped medieval scholarship • Their influence extended well into the Renaissance Contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization • Philosophy: Socrates Contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization • Philosophy: Socrates • Greek Athenian philosopher Contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization • Philosophy: Socrates • Greek Athenian philosopher • Began the “Socratic Method”

Contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization • Philosophy: Socrates • Greek Athenian a form of inquiry and debate philosopher between individuals with opposing • Beganviewpoints the “Socratic based on asking and Method” answering questions to stimulate critical thinking Contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization • Philosophy: Plato Contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization • Philosophy: Plato • Classical Greek philosopher Contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization • Philosophy: Plato • Classical Greek philosopher • Mathematician Contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization • Philosophy: Plato • Classical Greek philosopher • Mathematician • Student of Socrates Contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization • Philosophy: Aristotle

Contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization • Philosophy: Aristotle • Student of Plato Contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization • Philosophy: Aristotle • Student of Plato • Teacher of Alexander the Great. Contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization • Philosophy: Aristotle • Student of Plato • Teacher of Alexander the Great. • His writings cover many subjects, including physics, metaphysics, poetry, theater, music, logic, linguistics, politics, government, ethics, biology, and zoology Contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization • Drama: Aeschylus, Sophocles • Poetry: Homer (Iliad and Odyssey) • History: Herodotus, Thucydides • Sculpture: Phidias • Architecture: Types of columns, including the Doric (Parthenon), Ionic, and Corinthian. • Science: Archimedes, Hippocrates • Mathematics: Euclid, Pythagoras • Philosophy: Socrates, Plato, Aristotle Essential Questions

• Why was the leadership of Pericles important to the development of Athenian life and Greek culture?

• What were some important contributions of Greek culture to Western civilization?

• STANDARD WHI.5g • The student will demonstrate knowledge of ancient Greece in terms of its impact on Western civilization by • g) explaining the conquest of Greece by Macedonia and the formation and spread of Hellenistic culture by Alexander the Great.

Essential Understandings

• The Macedonian conquest of Greece followed the weakening of Greek defenses during the Peloponnesian Wars.

• Alexander the Great adopted Greek culture and spread Hellenistic influences throughout his vast empire. Philip II, King of Macedon Philip II, King of Macedon

Came from the north

Philip II, King of Macedon

Came from the north

Conquered most of Greece Alexander the Great Alexander the Great

Son of Philip II

Alexander the Great

Son of Philip II

Established an empire from Greece to Egypt and the margins of India

Alexander the Great

Son of Philip II

Established an empire from Greece to Egypt and the margins of India

Extended Greek cultural influences Hellenistic Age

Blend of Greek and Asian elements

Spread of Hellenistic culture through trade Essential Questions

• How did the empire of Alexander the Great establish a basis for the spread of Hellenistic culture?