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M A = SAIIA ARCHIVES DO NOT REMOVE (fflMflaMSftS tile j MR LEE CHONG KAI is the Public Affairs Manner of Esso Singapore (Pte) Limited. He holds a degree in political science from Victoria thiversity, Wellington, New Zealand. MR DP McELLIGaiT. Prior to taking up his present position, Mr KcElligott was Deputy Official Secretary to the Governor General of Australia. He is also a former Assistant Secretary in the External Relations Division, Department of the Prime Minister, and a Cabinet Foundation marker of the Australia/Japan Society. MR JEROMS HELDRING is a prominent and well known Dutch journalist, He was Editor of the Nieuwe Rotterdanse Courant, and then of the NRC Handelsblad. Mr Heldring graduated in Law, from Leyden university. PROF PHILIPPE M3REAU-DEFARGES of the Institute of Political Studies, in Paris; is a graduate of that Institute and holds a degree in Law. Ife worked for some time as a Departmental Head at the Ganeral Secretariat of the Inter-ministerial Committee for questions relating to European Economic Co- operation and from 1979-1982 was in charge of European legal affairs at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ha is widely published, including : International Relations in Today's World. COLONEL JONATHAN R ALFORD. Prior to joining the International Institute for Strategic Studies in 1978, Colonel Alford, who was camiissioned in the Royal Engineers in 1953, was Military Assistant to the Chief of the General Staff fran 1965-1967. He then spent a year as Instructor at the Royal Military College, Camberley. During 1972, at the height of the troubles in Ulster, Colonel Alford was Officer Commanding the Engineers Regiment (in an infantry role). He resigned fran the British army in 1977. PROF ROBERTO ESCOBAR is a specialist on Latin American Culture and Chilean Affairs. Ife is also a Musicologist and Composer of distinction, and holds an MA in philosophy. He attended Columbia Ihiversity, as a Fulbright scholar, for research on Latin American studies in 1972. Prof Escobar is Vice-president of the Chilean Society of Riilosophy and a former Vice-President of the State Technical University in Santiago. He is the author of six books and numerous 20 essays published in Chile, the USA, Spain and Argentina, one of which is Tne Chilean Mind (1981). MR GEORGE E DHANNY is a Barrister at Law and also a former Director of the Industrial Development Corporation (a government agency). He is a part-time lecturer in Law at the Ihiversity of the West Indies, and is a writer on International Law and International Relations. MRS HELEN KITCHEN is a leading American specialist on African affairs. Her published works include Tne Press in Africa (1965) and Africa : From Mystery to Maze (produced in 1976 in her capacity as Director of the Africa Area Study of the Rockefeller-funded Commission on Critical Choices for Americans). From 1961—1968 Mrs Kitchen was editor of Africa Report. MR BOYMAN MANCAMA is a graduate of the London School of Economics and the Ihiversity of Rhodesia and Nyasaland (now Zimbabwe). Mr Mancama is a Divisional Manager of the Anglo American Corporation of South Africa, and Manager of Anglo American Corporation Services. He is on the Board of numerous companies, including the Anglo American Corporation, Zimbabwe. In 1981, Mr Mancama was appointed as a member of the Zimbabwe Agricultural Marketing Authority. PROF PEON GELDENHUYS is Head of the Dept of Political Science at the Rand Afrikaans University. He graduated fran the Ihiversity of Pretoria, with an M.A. in international relations. Ife then taught at that University, in the Dept of Iblitical Science. He later graduated from Cambridge with a Ph.D. in International Relations. During 1978 Dr Geldenhuys lectured in the Dept of Political Science at the Stellenbosch. Ife then became the SAIIA's Assistant Director, Research until 1981, when he was appointed as Associate Professor of Political Science at the Rand Afrikaans University* Amongst other works, he is author of "Tne Diplomacy of Isolation : South African Foreign Policy Making" and two surveys of white opinion on foreign policy issues. DR Fb'ltK VALE graduated from the Universities of the Witwatersrand and Leicester. Most of his professional life has been spent with the SAIIA, but he has also been a research associate at the International Institute for Strategic Studies in London. In 1982 Dr Vale visited the Australian and New Zealand Institutes of International Affairs. His writings in international relations have covered a broad spectrum of issues. He is now Director of the Institute of Social and Econanic Research at Rhodes University in Grahamstown. REGIONAL CO-OPERATION : THE RECORD AND OUTLOOK In 1984 the South African Institute of International Affairs celebrated its Golden Jubilee Anniversary. As part of the celebration, a conference was organised on the subject of regionalism, and was attended by the Directors and senior officers of some twenty-eight sister institutes from seventeen countries around the world. This publication brings together the various papers delivered at the Conference, which was held in Cape Town on 6 and 7 March 1984. The views presented on the experience of international co-operation in various regions of the world and the prospects for the future were of particular interest given developments favourable to increased co-operation in Southern Africa which were already evident in early 1984. ISBN: 0-908371-32-2 The South African Institute of International Affairs Jan Smuts House PO Box 31596 BRAAMFONTEIN 2017 South Africa November 1984 CONTENTS Page 1. INTRODUCTION Peter Vale The Life and Times of Regional Studies 1 2. SOUTH EAST ASIA AND THE PACIFIC Lee Chong Kai The Association of South East Asian Nations 22 Philip McElligott Australia and the South Pacific Forum 33 3. EUROPE Jerome Heldring The European Community : Beauty in the Eye of the Beholder? .... 44 , Philippe Moreau-Defarges A Form of Regionalism and its Challenges : The Experience of the European Community 52 Jonathan Alford NATO Today 57 4. LATIN-AMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN Roberto Escobar A Cultural Analysis of Regionalism in Latin-America 66 George Dhanny Regionalism - The Caribbean/Latin American Experience 83 5. AFRICA Helen Kitchen ECOWAS and Other Regional Building Blocks in West Africa 90 BV Maneama The Southern African Development Coordination Conference 99 Deon Geldenhuys South Africa1s Regional Policy 105 THE LIFE AND TIMES OF REGIONAL STUDIES Peter Vale Regionalism in international relations is a multi-faceted phenomenon; it derives a core energy from the desire by those involved in the regional endeavour to work for a common cause. In modern times, this joint endeavour is assumed to be for the good of all; however, history is littered with the ruins of regional enterprises whose architects harboured sinister intent. The building of political communities -municipal, domestic or inter- national - is a painstaking task. Moreover, in the treacherous realm of world polit ics, those involved in such an undertaking become entangled in a multiplicity of thickets whose roots are to be found in the domestic and international realm. This is sufficient reason to make the study of the building of such communities interesting to the scholar. However, the scholar has had a more self-fulfilling interest in the regional issue. This interest derives from the notion that a central responsibility of the scholar is to seek means towards peace, and community- building is seen as a positive step in this search. Thus regional studies have a distinctly normative dimension to them. In addressing the complexi- ties of the regional question, successive generations have been more prone to prescribe the contours which would shape a scheme for regional order than perhaps to understand its dynamic underpinning. Nowhere, as shall be demonstrated, has this been more prevalent than in Europe, which remains the central case study in regional ism. Given this analytical and normative concern, it is therefore not surprising that the most overworked line of theoretical reasoning in inter- national relations has been discourse on a trinity of linked concepts : inter-state community-building, integration between states and regionalism. By focussing on different aspects of these processes over a period and in differing circumstances, each has sought to : "... [explain] ... how and why states cease to be wholly sovereign, how and why they voluntarily mingle, merge and mix ... [so] as to lose their factual attributes of sovereignty while acquiring new techniques for resolving conf1ict between themselves ..."1 The central concern of this conference is, of course, with regionalism, but because of its close affinity with community-building and integration, constant reference will be made to the latter. It is highly unlikely that integration between states and community-building of the kind envisaged in this conference could take place between states of different geographical regions. True, close links can exist between states in different regions, but here we are considering something less than integration. It is, however, possible that regions can be built comprising states which normally The writing of this paper would not have been accomplished without the skills of Sonja Begg and Kathy Kovacevich. In addition, heavy reliance was placed on the advice of John Dugard and Bryan Bench. The author, however, remains responsible for the content of the work. - 2 - might not be thought to belong together. One such region is the so-called Atlantic Community. The fact that it is considered to exist in a regional form, serves to prove another point in the regional debate, viz. that states can, and do, belong to different regional groupings. So, the United States is a member of the Atlantic Community and at the same time a member of the Organisation of American States. Therefore regionalism, whilst a reality in international relations, often has its origins in a series of abstract notions and concepts.

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