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WFUMB and Ultrasound History by Year 1761

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Year Facts Person/Event Country/Society 1761 Auscultation Leopold Auenbrugger Austria 1819 Stethoscope R.T.H. Laennec France Jean-Daniel Colladon, 1826 Experiment on velocity of sound in water Switzerland Charles Sturm 1842 Detection of the Doppler effect by Christian Doppler, Salzburg Austria Christian Doppler Austria 1851 Ophthalmoscope Hermann Helmholtz Germany 1854 Laryngoscope Manuel Garcia (singer) Spain 1876 Cystoscope Max Nitze Germany 1877 The theory of sound Lord Rayleigh England 1880 Discovery of the piezoelectric effect Pierre and Jacques Curie France 1912 The tragic loss of the Titanic England 1914-1918 WWI 1917 First piezoelectric US transducer using a single large quartz crystal Paul Langevin France 1928 US could be used to detect hidden flaws in metals Sergei Sokolov Soviet 1931 Invention of the echo sounder by Alexander Behm, Kiel Alexander Behm Germany Karl Dussik, 1937 US through transmission used to visualize ventricles in the brain Austria Friedrich Dussick 1939 Der Ultraschall (English edition) published L. Bergmann Germany 1939-1945 WWII Pulse-echo US instrument with a second non-generating transducer to detect returning Donald Sproule and others 1941 England echoes working for Henry Hughes and Son 1941 Reflectoscope with a single transducer as both generator and receiver Floyd Firestone USA 1946 Use of high-intensity US as a noninvasive surgical technique to treat brain-related disorders William Fry USA 1947 Hyperphonograms of cerebral ventricles produced Karl Dussik, Friedrich Dussick Austria Experiments on detection of gallstones and foreign bodies using A-mode presentation of 1947 George Ludwig USA reflected echoes Measured the thickness of excised bowel tissue using a Navy radar trainer operating at 15 1949 John Wild USA MHz First International Congress on Ultrasound in Medicine in Erlangen and Dussik presented his 1949 Karl Dussick USA hyperphonograms Japan's first A-mode US equipment at the research laboratories of Nihon Musen (Japan Radio) 1949 Rokuro Uchida Japan Company (now Aloka) 1949 Ultrasonics' published Benson Carlin USA Internationaler Kongress „Ultraschall in der Medizin“ (Ultrasound in Medicine) in Erlangen, Germany. The chairman of the meeting was a prophet as he summarized at the end: we can 1949 Germany expect that ultrasound will find its way into the medical diagnosis in the near future in a larger scale Built a pulse-echo electronic scanner and recorded first cross-sectional US image using a 1950 Douglass Howry USA 35mm camera Built scanners for multiposition (compound) scanning (published in 1952, B-29 version in Douglass Howry, Roderick Bliss, 1951 USA 1954) Gerald Posakony 1951 Developed A-mode machine Kikuchi Japan 1951 Earliest US image of breast tumors produced in the living subject John Wild and John Reid USA 1951 Began to apply A-mode US to detect gall stones and breast cancers in Japan Wagai Japan 1951 Earliest handheld B-mode contact scanners for clinical use John Wild and John Reid USA 1952 Conference at the University of Illinois (1955, 1962) William Fry USA 1952 Reported intracerebral hematoma and brain tumors using 2 MHz flaw detection equipment Tanaka, Wagai Japan 1952 Reported abdominal mass using 2 MHz flaw detection equipment Douglas Howry USA 1952 AIUM officially established AIUM USA 1953 Launched clinical echocardiography using the pulse-echo technique. lnge Edler, Hellmuth Hertz Sweden 1954 Their first echocardiogram with M-mode recording at 35 mm photographic film lnge Edler, Hellmuth Hertz Sweden 1955 Published spectacular cross-sectional images of the limbs and neck Douglas Howry, Joseph Holmes USA Conference at the University of Illinois; the first diagnostic paper on “Echographic Tissue 1955 John Wild, John Reid USA Diagnosis” was given Smaller and better transducers started to be made using new piezoceramic materials such as 1955 barium titanate and lead zirconate-titanate. 1955 Applied Doppler ultrasound to cardiovascular investigation (published in 1956) Shigeo Satomura, Yasuharu Nimura Japan Henry Mundt, William Hughes, USA (HM, WH), 1956 Use of ultrasound in orbit Folke Jansson Sweden (FJ) Demonstrated evidence of intracranial tumor or hemorrhage from shift in the midline echo 1956 Lars Leksell, Douglas Gordon Sweden (1953) and published (1956) Distinguish between ascites, ovarian cysts. and fibroid tumors on the basis of their echo 1956-1957 patterns A-mode equipment for measuring fetal biparietal diameter. Introduction of the full Ian Donald UK bladder technique for scanning of the uterine contents 1957 Localization of foreign bodies in the eye Arvo Oksala Finland lnterscience Research Institute, a not-for-profit research institute located in Champaign, Ill., William J. Fry, Francis J. Fry, 1957 USA was founded Reginald C. Eggleton. First International Congress on Bio-Medical Engineering held in the uncompleted UNESCO Ormerod (Chairman), 1958 France building in Paris Gordon (Vice-Chairman) 1958 A seminal paper on the “Investigation of abdominal masses by pulsed ultrasound” published Ian Donald, Tom Brown UK 1958 The first compound B-mode contact scanner patented, which did not need a water bath Tom Brown UK US diagnosis began in China with the establishment of the Ultrasonic Medical Research Group 1958 Shihn An China at the Sixth People’s Hospital in Shanghai. The group was led by Shih An. 1958 Doppler instruments were introduced into medicine 1959 Second International Congress on Bio-Medical Engineering held in Paris France 1959 The first National Ultrasound Conference was convened in Wuhan, China China Ultrasonic Research Section of the National (formerly Commonwealth) Acoustic Laboratory 1959 George Kossoff Australia was formed in Sydney 1959 Polaroid film was available 1960 Aloka produced their first commercial medical A-scanner, the SSD-2 Japan The Japan Society of Ultrasonics in Medicine (JSUM) was formed and the first meeting was 1961 held at Juntendo University in Tokyo on May 10, 1961. Toshio Wagai was elected as the Japan President Mark I scanner (called in publications the CAL [Commonwealth Acoustic Laboratory] 1962 Australia Echoscope), a compound water bath scanner completed The medical physicist Peter Wells developed his version of the multi-joint articulated arm 1962 scanner based on Diasonograph electronics and put it to clinical use in Bristol, England in Peter Wells UK 1962. The first meeting on medical and biological ultrasound was organised and the proceedings 1962 William J. Fry USA were published in 1965 Ekoline 20, an A-mode and B-mode instrument for echoencephalography, was introduced by 1963 Smith Kline-Precision 1964 Physionics marketed three-jointed articulated-arm handheld scanner The Societas Internationalis pro Diagnostica Ultrasonica in Ophthalmologia (SIDUO) was 1964 Germany formed and its first international symposium was held in East Berlin The First International Conference on Diagnostic Ultrasound was organised and held with the 1965 sponsorship of the University of Pittsburgh. The proceedings of this meeting were published USA by Plenum Press in 1966. The first commercial real-time scanner, the Vidoson, was developed by Richard Soldner and 1965 Germany manufactured by Siemens Medical Systems of Germany The second SIDUO meeting was held in Brno, Czechoslovakia. Denis White encouraged the 1966 Denis White Czechoslovakia Executive of SIDUO to open its membership to every aspect of diagnostic ultrasound 1968 Publication on a phased-array transducer for two-dimensional imaging Jan C. Somer The third meeting of SIDUO was renamed 'Ultrasound 1969: 1st World Congress on Ultrasonic 1969 Austria Diagnostics in Medicine Vienna, June 2 including meetings of SIDUO III and AIUM' The British Medical Ultrasonics Group which was sponsored by the British Institute of 1969 Radiology, was formed in December 1969 (Later became the British Ultrasound Society in UK 1977) 1969 Mark II scanner introduced Australia The concept of grey scale echography was introduced and implemented it in the examination 1969 George Kossoff Australia of the breast and of the pregnant uterus Donald Baker, Peter Wells, USA (DB), UK (PW), 1969 The introduction of pulsed Doppler Pierre Peronneau France (PP) The American Society of Ultrasound Technical Specialists (ASUTS) was formed under the aegis 1969 of the AIUM (In 1980 changed its name to the Society of Diagnostic Medical Sonographers USA (SDMS) in order to be more inclusive The Swiss formed the Swiss Society for Diagnostic Ultrasound at the conclusion of the Vienna 1969 Switzerland Congress The Australian Society for Ultrasound in Medicine (ASUM) was established in March 1970 and 1970 Australia held their first scientific meeting in August 1971 Because Europe was still divided by the Cold War, Poland, East Germany, and Czechoslovakia 1970 Europe had organized the Ultrasound in Biology and Medicine society (UBIOMED) in 1970 1971 Publication on linear array real-time scanning Nicolaas Bom Netherland 1971 East German formed their national ultrasound society (19711120) Germany The proceedings of the 1969 Vienna Congress, entitled ULTRASONO GRAPHIA MEDICA, were 1971 published in 1971 by Verlag der Wiener Medizinischen Akademie, with K. Ossoinig and J. Bock as editors 1972 Publication on the use of gray scale 1972 Hungarians formed their natioan society (Hungarian Biophysical Society, 19720110) Hungary European Federation of Societies for Ultrasound in Medicine and Biology (EFSUMB) was 1972 EFSUMB founded in Basel, Swizerland with the delegates of 13 European societies (19720211) The section on Ultrasound
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