Project X: Physics Opportunities
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CERN Courier – Digital Edition Welcome to the Digital Edition of the March 2018 Issue of CERN Courier
I NTERNATIONAL J OURNAL OF H IGH -E NERGY P HYSICS CERNCOURIER WLCOMEE V OLUME 5 8 N UMBER 2 M ARCH 2 0 1 8 CERN Courier – digital edition Welcome to the digital edition of the March 2018 issue of CERN Courier. Illuminating antimatter The humble hydrogen atom has taught us much during the past two centuries, ultimately leading to the atomic picture of Bohr. As this month’s cover feature argues, physicists are morally obligated to subject anti-hydrogen to the same analytical tools – in particular to test if antimatter obeys the same fundamental symmetries as matter. Following a long campaign, the ALPHA collaboration at CERN’s Antiproton Decelerator (AD) has recently measured the antihydrogen 1S–2S transition and other spectral properties of antihydrogen, opening a new direction of exploration. Meanwhile, the AD’s BASE experiment has measured the antiproton magnetic moment with exquisite precision, further testing symmetries such as CPT. We also describe a Cornell-Brookhaven project to build the first superconducting multi-turn energy recovery linac, survey the latest attempts to test the validity of the Pauli exclusion principle, and report on an initiative to establish a world-class research infrastructure in South-East Europe following the CERN model. To sign up to the new-issue alert, please visit: cerncourier.com/cws/sign-up. To subscribe to the magazine, the e-mail new-issue alert, please visit: cerncourier.com/cws/how-to-subscribe. EDITOR: MATTHEW CHALMERS, CERN Pauli principle on trial • Energy-saving accelerators • Science for peace DIGITAL EDITION CREATED BY DESIGN STUDIO/IOP PUBLISHING, UK CCMar18_Cover_v4.indd 1 08/02/2018 11:25 CERNCOURIER WWW. -
Playing Pool of Neutrinos
Playing Pool of Neutrinos Hard to believe you can play pool with neutrinos, but certain neutrino interaction events are closer to the game than you think. [22] If it turns out that neutrinos and antineutrinos oscillate in a different way from one another, this may partially account for the present-day matter–antimatter imbalance. [21] Studying this really interesting particle that's all around us, and yet is so hard to measure, that could hold the key to understanding why we're here at all, is exciting—and I get to do this for a living," says Mauger. [20] In the Standard Model of particle physics, elementary particles acquire their masses by interacting with the Higgs field. This process is governed by a delicate mechanism: electroweak symmetry breaking (EWSB). [19] Nuclear physicists successfully measured the weak charge of the proton by shooting electrons at a cold liquid hydrogen target in an experiment carried out at the Department of Energy's Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility. [18] The IceCube Neutrino Observatory in Antarctica is about to get a significant upgrade. [17] While these experiments seem miniature in comparison to others, they could reveal answers about neutrinos that have been hiding from physicists for decades. [16] In a paper published today in the European Physical Journal C, the ATLAS Collaboration reports the first high-precision measurement at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) of the mass of the W boson. [15] A team of researchers at the University of Michigan has conducted a thought experiment regarding the nature of a universe that could support life without the weak force. -
Halpern P., Wesson P. Brave New Universe.. Illuminating the Darkest
BRAVE NEW UNIVERSE ILLUMINATING THE DARKEST SECRETS OF THE COSMOS PAUL HALPERN AND PAUL WESSON Joseph Henry Press Washington, D.C. Joseph Henry Press • 500 Fifth Street, NW • Washington, DC 20001 The Joseph Henry Press, an imprint of the National Academies Press, was created with the goal of making books on science, technology, and health more widely available to professionals and the public. Joseph Henry was one of the founders of the National Academy of Sciences and a leader in early American science. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this volume are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Academy of Sciences or its affiliated institutions. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Halpern, Paul, 1961- Brave new universe : illuminating the darkest secrets of the cosmos / by Paul Halpern and Paul Wesson.— 1st ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-309-10137-9 (hardcover : alk. paper) — ISBN 0-309-65823-3 (PDFs : alk. paper) 1. Cosmology. I. Wesson, Paul S. II. Title. QB981.H248 2006 523.1—dc22 2006004464 Cover Image © Mark Garlick/Photo Researchers, Inc. Copyright 2006 by Paul Halpern and Paul Wesson. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America. O, wonder! How many goodly atoms are there here! How myste- rious the dark substances and energies are! O brave new uni- verse that hath such diverse materials in it! The Cosmic Tempest (with apologies to William Shakespeare) Contents Preface vii Introduction: The Quest for -
Physics Opportunities
Project X: Physics Opportunities Andreas S. Kronfeld, Robert S. Tschirhart (Editors) Usama Al-Binni, Wolfgang Altmannshofer, Charles Ankenbrandt, Kaladi Babu, Sunanda Banerjee, Matthew Bass, Brian Batell, David V. Baxter, Zurab Berezhiani, Marc Bergevin, Robert Bernstein, Sudeb Bhattacharya, Mary Bishai, Thomas Blum, S. Alex Bogacz, Stephen J. Brice, Joachim Brod, Alan Bross, Michael Buchoff, Thomas W. Burgess, Marcela Carena, Luis A. Castellanos, Subhasis Chattopadhyay, Mu-Chun Chen, Daniel Cherdack, Norman H. Christ, Tim Chupp, Vincenzo Cirigliano, Pilar Coloma, Christopher E. Coppola, Ramanath Cowsik, J. Allen Crabtree, Andre´ de Gouvea,ˆ Jean-Pierre Delahaye, Dmitri Denisov, Patrick deNiverville, Ranjan Dharmapalan, Alexander Dolgov, Georgi Dvali, Estia Eichten, Jurgen¨ Engelfried, Phillip D. Ferguson, Tony Gabriel, Avraham Gal, Franz Gallmeier, Kenneth S. Ganezer, Susan Gardner, Douglas Glenzinski, Stephen Godfrey, Elena S. Golubeva, Stefania Gori, Van B. Graves, Geoffrey Greene, Cory L. Griffard, Ulrich Haisch, Thomas Handler, Brandon Hartfiel, Athanasios Hatzikoutelis, Ayman Hawari, Lawrence Heilbronn, James E. Hill, Patrick Huber, David E. Jaffe, Christian Johnson, Yuri Kamyshkov, Daniel M. Kaplan, Boris Kerbikov, Brendan Kiburg, Harold G. Kirk, Andreas Klein, Kyle Knoepfel, Boris Kopeliovich, Vladimir Kopeliovich, Joachim Kopp, Wolfgang Korsch, Graham Kribs, Ronald Lipton, Chen-Yu Liu, Wolfgang Lorenzon, Zheng-Tian Lu, Naomi C. R. Makins, David McKeen, Geoffrey Mills, Michael Mocko, Rabindra Mohapatra, Nikolai V. Mokhov, Guenter Muhrer, Pieter Mumm, David Neuffer, Lev Okun, Mark A. Palmer, Robert Palmer, Robert W. Pattie Jr., David G. Phillips II, Kevin Pitts, Maxim Pospelov, Vitaly S. Pronskikh, Chris Quigg, Erik Ramberg, Amlan Ray, Paul E. Reimer, David G. Richards, Adam Ritz, Amit Roy, Arthur Ruggles, Robert Ryne, Utpal Sarkar, Andy Saunders, Yannis K.