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Airbus Group Innovations Content Research challenges and opportunities in the scope of complex systems development Keynote at SoftNet 2014, Nice, France Philipp Helle, Airbus Group Innovations Content 1. Introduction 2. Motivation 3. Typical systems development process 4. Research challenges and opportunities • Formal requirements • Model-based specification • Architecture optimization • Formal verification • Virtual verification • Model-based testing 5. Conclusion 2 …at a glance 3 Key figures • Over 800 Researchers, Scientists, Engineers worldwide • 20 sites around the world • Located in 12 countries • More than 100 new patent applications every year Airbus Group Innovations 4 Airbus Group Management structure Airbus Group Innovations is part of Chief Technical Officer Organization Denis Ranque Chairman of the Board of Directors (BoD) Tom Enders Chief Executive Officer (CEO) Chief Financial Chief Strategy & Chief Technical CEO Airbus Group Chief Human Officer Marketing Officer Officer Inc. Resources Officer HaraldHarald Wilhelm Wilhelm MarwanMarwan Lahoud Lahoud JeanJean J. J. Botti Botti Allan McArtor Thierry Baril Airbus Airbus Helicopters Airbus Defence and Space Fabrice Brégier (CEO) Guillaume Faury (CEO) Bernhard Gerwert (CEO) 5 Where we operate? Airbus Group Innovations all over the world * * * under development 6 We optimize networking synergy to get innovations Main partnerships IISc IIT Kanpur IIT Kharagpur 7 Motivation Airbus Group Trend: Growing Complexity of Systems 8 Motivation Airbus Group How can we develop systems that have to fulfill a large number of often opposing requirements? Costs? Required Functions Weight? Safety? addressed? Timing? Security? Flexibility? ... Maintenance? Production? Power Consumption? 9 Motivation Airbus Group Source: http://newsbytes.ph/2014/08/11/blog-jollibee-chickensad-an-it-management-case-study/ 10 Airbus Group Motivation EIS: 2007 11B€ EIS: 2011 15B$ Source: http://business.financialpost.com/2011/11/15/bombardiers-bid-to-avoid-boeings-mistakes/ 11 Airbus Group Motivation First Flight: 1963 First Flight: 1987 Expected life: 2020 Expected life: ??? Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transall_C-160 First Flight: 1974 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Panavia_Tornado http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airbus_A320_family 12 Expected life: 2019 Typical system development process Development process Requirements Systems DevelopmentSystems Process DevelopmentVirtual Tests Specification Process Integration Test Design Component Test Supplier responsibility Component Implementation 13 Typical system development process Development process Requirements Systems Virtual Formal Development requirements verificationSystems Process DevelopmentVirtual Tests Specification Process Integration Test Model-based specification Model-based Formal Testing verification Design Component Test Architecture optimization Supplier responsibility Component Implementation 14 Formal requirements What we see today: - Natural language requirement still dominate the system requirements definition - Working formal specification approaches exist But: - Increasing systems complexity make it increasingly impossible to communicate the system definition using text alone (inconsistencies, gaps, contradictions,…) - Formal languages not alluring to system engineers Open challenges: - Make model-based approaches and formal specification more usable for system engineers (structured text, boilerplates, domain-specific formal languages for writing requirements, tool supported formalization) 15 Model-based specification Requirements analysis Specification modelling Model usage Traceability description Structure description Test scenarios Textual requirements Hierarchy and context Behaviour description Integrated simulation description On POST evPowerOn Off evPOST_finished evPowerOff Normal_mode States & Modes Algorithm description Document generation Functions description Traceability for coverage and impact analysis 16 Model-based specification What we see today: - Model-based approaches for modelling functional requirements, - Document generation and model execution for specification validation is possible But: - Non-functional requirements (and other process requirements, e.g. installation) are often still in natural language - Very slow uptake in industrial practice - Tools are not adapted to systems engineer needs (many tools started in the SW domain) Open challenges: - Increase usability for system engineers, focus on the way they used to express the specification 17 Architecture optimization Common “Needs” Model Architectural Constraints Technical Options Optimization Goals Component Optimization Libraries Code Architecture Solution Model output 1 «block,VaryingPart» power:int output 1 «block» power:int DMS_Expanded.DoorClosedSensor @ Door 2_147:DoorClosedSensor DMS_Expanded.DoorLockedSensor @ Door 2_150:DoorLockedSensor Link_72068 Link_72066 1 «block,VaryingPart» DMS_Expanded.RDC @ Door 2_155:RDC control Link_72049 power:int weight:float=0.138 Link_72070 1 «block,VaryingPart» analog:int DMS_Expanded.DoorLatchActuator @ Door 2_153:DoorLatchActuator device Opera tio ns Link_72071 control 1 «block,VaryingPart» power:int DMS_Expanded.DoorLockActuator @ Door 2_154:DoorLockActuator network power:int output 1 «block» power:int DMS_Expanded.DoorLockedSensor @ Door 4_174:DoorLockedSensor output 1 «block,VaryingPart» power:int DMS_Expanded.DoorClosedSensor @ Door 4_171:DoorClosedSensor Link_90086 control 1 «block,VaryingPart» power:int Link_90084 DMS_Expanded.DoorLatchActuator @ Door 4_177:DoorLatchActuator 1 «block,VaryingPart» Link_90088 DMS_Expanded.RDC @ Door 4_179:RDC power:int Link_90049 device latency:float=50.0 power:float=15.0 Link_90089 Opera tio ns network control power:int 1 «block,VaryingPart» control 1 «block,VaryingPart» power:int DMS_Expanded.DoorLockActuator @ Door 6_226:DoorLockActuator DMS_Expanded.DoorLockActuator @ Door 4_178:DoorLockActuator output 1 «block» power:int Link_110104 Link_110107 DMS_Expanded.DoorLockedSensor @ Door 6_222:DoorLockedSensor device 1 «block,VaryingPart» power:int DMS_Expanded.RDC @ Door 6_229:RDC network Link_110103 Link_110106 control 1 «block,VaryingPart» power:int DMS_Expanded.DoorLatchActuator @ Door 6_225:DoorLatchActuator output 1 «block,VaryingPart» power:int DMS_Expanded.DoorClosedSensor @ Door 6_220:DoorClosedSensor Link_110049 power:int 1 «block,VaryingPart» Link_44049 Link_41049 DMS_Expanded.Switch @ Switch Bay 1_113:Switch network[NumOfPorts] control 1 «block,VaryingPart» power:int DMS_Expanded.DoorLatchActuator @ Door 1_141:DoorLatchActuator network 1 «block,VaryingPart» power:int DMS_Expanded.Controller @ Avionics Bay_105:Controller Link_40044 control Link_65062 Link_65061 network 1 «block,VaryingPart» power:int 1 «block,VaryingPart» DMS_Expanded.Controller @ Avionics Bay_102:Controller DMS_Expanded.DoorLockActuator @ Door 1_142:DoorLockActuator power:int output 1 «block» power:int 1 «block,VaryingPart» power:int device 1 «block,VaryingPart» power:int DMS_Expanded.DoorLockedSensor @ Door 5_210:DoorLockedSensor DMS_Expanded.Switch @ Switch Bay 1_108:Switch DMS_Expanded.RDC @ Door 1_145:RDC network[NumOfPorts] network Link_65044 output output 1 «block,VaryingPart» power:int Link_100093 Link_100044 Link_65059 1 «block» power:int DMS_Expanded.DoorClosedSensor @ Door 5_207:DoorClosedSensor Link_100095 Link_65058 DMS_Expanded.DoorLockedSensor @ Door 1_138:DoorLockedSensor output device 1 «block,VaryingPart» power:int control 1 «block,VaryingPart» power:int 1 «block,VaryingPart» power:int DMS_Expanded.RDC @ Door 5_216:RDC Link_81044 DMS_Expanded.DoorLockActuator @ Door 3_166:DoorLockActuator DMS_Expanded.DoorClosedSensor @ Door 1_136:DoorClosedSensor network Link_100098 control power:int Link_100097 1 «block,VaryingPart» Link_81080 DMS_Expanded.DoorLockActuator @ Door 5_214:DoorLockActuator output control 1 «block,VaryingPart» power:int 1 «block» power:int Link_81077 device 1 «block,VaryingPart» power:int DMS_Expanded.DoorLatchActuator @ Door 5_213:DoorLatchActuator DMS_Expanded.DoorLockedSensor @ Door 3_162:DoorLockedSensor DMS_Expanded.RDC @ Door 3_167:RDC network Link_81075 Link_81079 control 1 «block,VaryingPart» power:int DMS_Expanded.DoorLatchActuator @ Door 3_165:DoorLatchActuator output 1 «block,VaryingPart» power:int DMS_Expanded.DoorClosedSensor @ Door 3_159:DoorClosedSensor 18 Architecture optimization What we see today: - Proof-of-concept demonstrator for system architecture optimization approach - Isolated optimisation (cable routing, task allocation,…) But: - Focus on standard metrics (weight, cost, …) - Does not consider dynamic behaviour - Limited to linear problems Open challenges: - Consider more metrics during optimization - Measurement of hard-to-measure metrics (security, maintainability, flexibility,…) - Efficient algorithms for non-linear optimization problems 19 Formal verification http://embsys.technikum-wien.at/projects/decs/verification/formalmethods.php http://babelfish.arc.nasa.gov/trac/jpf/iki/intro/testing_vs_model_checking http://www.cs.aau.dk/~adavid/publications/2120 -tutorial.pdf Formal verification What we see today: - Usable industrial strength model checkers are available (UPPAAL, CBMC, SPIN) But: - Available model checkers usually work on a proprietary language (UPPAAL) or heavily restrict the usage of standard modelling languages (STSTest) - Model checkers either work on code (CBMC) or on a model not on models that include code - Scalability is still an issue - Formal verification hardly used in industrial systems engineering Open challenges: - Easy to use model checkers
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