DOCSLIB.ORG

“HELL's GATE”. from KUNMING to LEDO

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
“HELL's GATE”. from KUNMING to LEDO A TIGERPAW ADVENTURES LIMITED EDITION SECTION TRIP FROM ITS “SILK ROAD JOURNEYS-WHAT MARCO POLO DID NOT FORSEE” This journey goes traverses a historic road now “tamed”. “HELL’s GATE”. FROM KUNMING TO LEDO THE MILITARY HISTORY OF , & CURRENT CULTURE ON, THE STILWELL ROAD RE LIVING THE BATTLES OF GENERAL VINEGAR-JOE STILWELL, AND GENERAL CHANG KAI SHEK ON THE “MAN PER MILE ROAD” A PEACE AND REMEMBERANCE JOURNEY BUILDING BRIDGES AMONGST (SIX) NATIONS INDIA-BURMA-USA-CHINA-BRITAIN-JAPAN Tiger Paw Adventures (I) Pvt Ltd, D-383, Defence Colony, New Delhi – 110024, INDIA Ph. +91-11-26493291 / 65655355 / 46568080, Mob. +91- 9810128999, 9871746812 For North America (Voice message): 00 156 1459 3493 Website: www.tigerpawadventures.com, Email: [email protected], [email protected] Tiger Paw Adventures (I) Pvt Ltd, D-383, Defence Colony, New Delhi – 110024, INDIA Ph. +91-11-26493291 / 65655355 / 46568080, Mob. +91- 9810128999, 9871746812 For North America (Voice message): 00 156 1459 3493 Website: www.tigerpawadventures.com, Email: [email protected], [email protected] Image Left: The first convoy driving over the Stilwell Road upon its opening- crossing the headwaters of the Chindwin River. Image Right: On Feb 4, 1945, the first Allied troops entered Kunming, Yunnan province, from Ledo, India, after the Japanese had blocked transport of international supplies by land for two years. Bottom row-Image Left: The Zig - 1944 and right: A recent image THE 24-ZIG HAIRPIN BEND IN CHINA’S GUISHOU PROVINCE WHICH BECAME THE SINGULAR IMAGE OF THE STILWELL ROAD re v Tiger Paw Adventures (I) Pvt Ltd, D-383, Defence Colony, New Delhi – 110024, INDIA Ph. +91-11-26493291 / 65655355 / 46568080, Mob. +91- 9810128999, 9871746812 For North America (Voice message): 00 156 1459 3493 Website: www.tigerpawadventures.com, Email: [email protected], [email protected] UNIQUE FEATURES OF THIS TRIP AIM-RAISING AWARENESS AND FUNDS FOR THE RESTORATION OF THE WW2 CEMETRY IN JAIRAMPUR, ONE OF THE LARGEST WW2 CEMETRY, LARGER THAN KOHIMA, NEAR THE LAKE OF NO RETURN-BURMA, WHERE OVER A THOUSAND AND MOSTLY UNMARKED GRAVES, LIE. THIS EPIC JOURNEY ALSO FEATURES THE TRIBAL FESTIVALS OF THE NAGAS ALSO FEATURING: THE WW2 COMMONWEALTH WAR CEMETRY KOHIMA THE WW2 COMMONWEALTH WAR CEMETRY AND THE JAPANESE PEACE GARDEN, AND THE INDIAN NATIONAL ARMY MUSEUM,IMPHAL THIS ITINERARY: Traverses a route of powerful historical significance Visits sections of the road and locations along it, rarely seen by travelers for the last 60 years Features portions of Myanmar, Burma also rarely visited. Features tribal festivals rarely accessed by the outside world. FOR AUDIO AND VIDEO INTRODUCTION- HISTORICAL INSIGHTS: CLICK: https://archive.org/details/TheStilwellRoad INTRODUCTION “To all individuals who have travelled over the Stilwell Road, including Cowboys, Cockpit- drivers, Six-by-Six Gear Strippers, Jeep Skippers and even mere Space Occupiers: Greetings: Know you that on this day there appeared in the ancient City of Kunming, China, one seated in a multi-wheeled gasoline consuming chariot, which he drove or was driven in over the 1044 miles of the Stilwell Road (Ledo-Burma Roads) from Ledo to Kunming. Be it remembered that he endured the tortures of the damned - of bouncing his posterior and jolting his kidneys over countless rocks, ruts and rills and into holes; that he submerged into seas of muck; that his neck was endangered by cave-ins and mountain slides, by inching along slippery brinks of mile- deep precipices, by tearing around countless corkscrew twists and hairpin turns in fierce monsoon weather and in the humid heat of hell; that malarial mosquitoes, pestiferous leeches, screaming monkeys, poisonous snakes and all kinds of insects, from mere itchers to bearers of bubonic plague and scrub typhus, added to his tortures….EXTRACT FROM THE “CERTIFICATE”FOR THOSE WHO SERVED ON THE STILWELL ROAD Tiger Paw Adventures (I) Pvt Ltd, D-383, Defence Colony, New Delhi – 110024, INDIA Ph. +91-11-26493291 / 65655355 / 46568080, Mob. +91- 9810128999, 9871746812 For North America (Voice message): 00 156 1459 3493 Website: www.tigerpawadventures.com, Email: [email protected], [email protected] Images Above: The ground at the time of WW II, Image Below: India’s current Philosophy in Maintaining the Stilwell Road Tiger Paw Adventures (I) Pvt Ltd, D-383, Defence Colony, New Delhi – 110024, INDIA Ph. +91-11-26493291 / 65655355 / 46568080, Mob. +91- 9810128999, 9871746812 For North America (Voice message): 00 156 1459 3493 Website: www.tigerpawadventures.com, Email: [email protected], [email protected] Image Top Left: General Joe StilWell-Image Right: one of his men on the “Road” Image Top Left. Generals Chang Kai Shek and Joe StilWell. Image Centre. General StilWell and Earl Mountbatten. Image Right. US Soldiers guarding road crew. Images below: US Army troops crossing the Salween River, and right, taking a break. Tiger Paw Adventures (I) Pvt Ltd, D-383, Defence Colony, New Delhi – 110024, INDIA Ph. +91-11-26493291 / 65655355 / 46568080, Mob. +91- 9810128999, 9871746812 For North America (Voice message): 00 156 1459 3493 Website: www.tigerpawadventures.com, Email: [email protected], [email protected] Image above right: Chinese troops building a bridge on the Stilwell Road. Image above left: Generals Stilwell and Chang Kai Shek with Chinese troops On the mission to capture the airstrip in Myitkyina, Burma, during World War II THE INTRODUCTION: THE STILWELL ROAD: The China-Burma-India TRI JUNCTION goes down to Bhamo and to the Burma Road which connects Kunming, Yunnan province, China. The Historic Stilwell (previously Ledo) Road which was constructed by the Americans during the Second World War from Ledo, began at Ledo, one of the key rail-heads of India’s Bengal-Assam railway in the valley of the Upper Brahmaputra. The aim of this road was to link with the Burma Road connecting Kunming, (China) passing through Lekhapani, Jairampur, Nampong and Pangsau pass, on the India-Burma (Myanmar) border. It winds up at the passes of 9000 feet (2,500 m) in the Patkai Ranges and emerges at Shindbwiyang, and then Myitkyina. The road crosses the broad bowl of the Upper Chindwin, threads the Hukawng and Mogaung valleys. Initially, prospected by the British long before the WW2, this project could not be implemented until agreement was reached between the British and General Stilwell representing the Americans on December 1,1942 during the Second World War, when Burma was fully under siege by Japanese forces. Further, for the defence of India it was necessary to liberate Burma from Japanese forces. The topography of the Indo-Burma border featured very difficult terrain with thick, inaccessible, and infested forests, a breeding ground for malaria and dysentery. Tiger Paw Adventures (I) Pvt Ltd, D-383, Defence Colony, New Delhi – 110024, INDIA Ph. +91-11-26493291 / 65655355 / 46568080, Mob. +91- 9810128999, 9871746812 For North America (Voice message): 00 156 1459 3493 Website: www.tigerpawadventures.com, Email: [email protected], [email protected] Born in 1883 and passing soon after the war , in 1946, General Stilwell was Chief of Staff to Allied Forces in China-Burma-India theatre for Defence of Burma (Myanmar) which was under Japanese forces. For the Chinese, Generalissimo, Marshal Chiang Kai-shek worked at connecting with the American and Allied (British-Indian) forces while they tried to overcome the Japanese who were occupying Burma, in the middle. The Stilwell Road was constructed under General Stilwell’s direct supervision during the war. That he had also participated in the First World War and mastered the Chinese language during his stay in the Philippines and China, helped him in his task. He was better known to the World as "Vinegar Joe", though his troops called him "Uncle Joe”. General Stilwell's Operations Officer, Lieutenant Colonel Frank D. Merrill recommended building a road from Ledo, Assam, India to Burma connecting the old Burma Road to provide overland supply to China and Burma, for supporting allied soldiers who were fighting in North Burma. Colonel Merrill called for volunteers who were experienced jungle troops, “for a dangerous and hazardous mission - somewhere". Thus was born Merrill’s specially trained 5307 Composite Unit (Provisional) called "Merrill's Marauders", who set out on and started marching on foot from Margherita, near Ledo, India on February 7, 1944. Passing through the Pangsau Pass (Hell Pass), Shindbwiyang, Jambu-Bam, and then Myitkyina, most of the time fighting and struggling against rain, mud, and swamp, a breeding ground for malaria, dysentery, typhoid, as well as strategically positioned jungle enemy positions along the way. Merrill's Marauders seized Myitkyina air-stripon May 17, 1944 despite strong resistance from Japanese forces. Then days later, they captured Myitkyina town itself, which was the stronghold of Japanese forces based in north Burma. The two month campaign ended on August 3, 1944 with Merrill's men suffering 127 deaths and 291 wounded beside casualties from other troops. Myitkyina was one of General’s main objectives.The 'Ledo Road' was at the suggestion of General Chang Kai Shek, later named the Stilwell Road . The road construction begun by constructing warehouses, hospitals, barracks and base roads at Ledo, Assam, India, while fighting the Japanese forces. On December 16, 1942, Americans began building the double-track, all-weather Ledo road. Subsequently, the Americans had brought heavy road construction machinery to the dense jungle and hilly terrain. These included ngbulldozers, cranes, power-shovels, Caterpillar earth movers, steam-rollers, in a massive procession from the United States production-lines, over 12,000 miles away and across two oceans and three Continents. General Stilwell had organized a 'Service of Supply' (SOS) under the command of Major General Raymond A. Wheeler, a renowned US Army Engineer, and assigned him to look after the construction of the Ledo road. Major General Wheeler in turn, assigned responsibility of base commander for the road construction, to Colonel John C.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Arunachal Pradesh Yatra by Sanjeev Nayyar July 2014 I Spent Nearly
    Arunachal Pradesh Yatra By Sanjeev Nayyar July 2014 I spent nearly three weeks in Arunachal Pradesh, drove over 3,000 kms starting from Deomali in the east to Tawang in the west the last stop being Gauhati. It was one of the most intense drives and yatras of my life. We covered touristy places, schools, war memorials and border visit. This piece gives you the route that I took, places to see along the way plus links of pictures uploaded on esamskriti. Photo captions have travel tips etc. Travel Route I took a Mumbai-Kolkatta-Dibrugarh flight. If you book tickets in advance then get a cheap fare. INDIGO was bang on time – reliable as always. From Dibrugarh took a Tata Sumo. It is about a 3-4 hour drive to Ramakrishna Mission School, Narrottamnagar in Deomali. From RKM it is about an 8 hour drive to Teju. Route was Deomali- Godumsa-Namsai-Chowkham-Wakro-Parasuram Kund-Tezu. We stopped by at Chowkham, Wakro and Parasramkund. Tezu to Roing - there was a bridge being built over river in September 2013 when we went. If completed Tezu to Roing is about 2-3 hours. We had to take a longer route, took app 4 hours. From Roing Mayurdia is a 2 hour drive, can do a day trip. From Roing takes about 2 hours to reach the banks of the Brahmaputra – crossing the river takes one hour but might need to wait longer depending on boat availability. After crossing the river it is a 1.5 to 2 hour drive to Dibrugarh.
    [Show full text]
  • Piloting River Basin Management in the Bago Sub-Basin, Experiences And
    RAPPORT L.NR. 7304-2018 Piloting river basin management in the Bago Sub-basin, experiences and recommendations Norwegian Institute for Water Research REPORT Main Office NIVA Region South NIVA Region East NIVA Region West NIVA Denmark Gaustadalléen 21 Jon Lilletuns vei 3 Sandvikaveien 59 Thormøhlensgate 53 D Njalsgade 76, 4th floor NO-0349 Oslo, Norway NO-4879 Grimstad, Norway NO-2312 Ottestad, Norway NO-5006 Bergen Norway DK 2300 Copenhagen S, Denmark Phone (47) 22 18 51 00 Phone (47) 22 18 51 00 Phone (47) 22 18 51 00 Phone (47) 22 18 51 00 Phone (45) 39 17 97 33 Internet: www.niva.no Title Serial number Date Piloting the river basin management in the Bago Sub-basin, experiences 7304-2018 19.11.2018 and recommendations Author(s) Topic group Distribution Ingrid Nesheim, Marianne Karlsen, Zaw Win Myint, Toe Aung, Zaw Lwin Water resources Open Tun, Hla Oo Nwe management Geographical area Pages Myanmar 50 + appendices Client(s) Client's reference Ministry of Natural Resources and Environmental Conservation Myanmar The Norwegian embassy in Yangon, Myanmar Printed NIVA Project number 12377 Summary The aim of the IWRM project has been to pilot the development of a coordinated River Basin Management Plan. The report presents the procedures applied and the experiences gained as part of this pilot in the Bago River Sub-basin during the period 2015 - 2018. The report explains the basic principles for River Basin Management Approach and provides a brief overview of the history of water management in Myanmar including public participation. The report describes and reflects on, the efforts undertaken in the project to delineate the administrative Sittaung River Basin Area with Sub-basin Areas.
    [Show full text]
  • Water Quality Monitoring in the Chindwin River Basin
    POLICY BRIEF Water Quality Monitoring in the Chindwin River Basin Introduction Key findings The Chindwin River is a major tributary of the Ayeyarwady River in Myanmar and provides critical ecosystem services • The Chindwin River is vital for the transport of people for domestic water use, irrigation, mining, transport and local and goods, providing water for household use including livelihoods. Over the past two decades, Myanmar’s rapid drinking water and farming (agriculture and livestock), economic development has resulted in a number of changes to and local fisheries. the socio-economic and ecological conditions in the Chindwin Basin including pollution, river bank erosion, sedimentation • Water quality is deteriorating caused by land-use chang- and decreasing river flows that affect both water quality and es, including deforestation, leading to increased soil quantity. erosion, sedimentation and turbidity. Since 2015, the Stockholm Environment Institute (SEI) Asia • Upstream mining operations for gold, jade and copper are Centre, in collaboration with Myanmar Environment Institute leading to heavy metal contamination of the river. (MEI), along with other state and local partners, undertook water quality monitoring at various sites along the Chindwin • Standard water quality tests near dense rural settle- River. The monitoring and assessment of water quality in the ments, show low levels of dissolved oxygen and high Chindwin River was undertaken bi-annually during the wet levels of organic matter along the entire stretch of the and dry seasons between 2015 -2017. Chindwin River. Water quality study • Laboratory results of water quality monitoring confirmed elevated levels of heavy metal contamination of mercury, The main objectives of the Chindwin River water quality study copper and arsenic, which pose serious health risks to were to build capacity of local stakeholders in water quality people and the river ecosystem, particularly in the Uru monitoring, to understand the current status of water quality, river, a tributary of the Chindwin.
    [Show full text]
  • Histrical Background Changlang District Covered with Picturesque Hills Lies in the South-Eastern Corner of Arunachal Pradesh, Northeast India
    Histrical Background Changlang District covered with picturesque hills lies in the south-eastern corner of Arunachal Pradesh, northeast India. It has an area of 4,662 sqr. Km and a population of 1,48,226 persons as per 2011 Census. According to legend the name Changlang owes its origin to the local word CHANGLANGKAN which means a hilltop where people discovered the poisonous herb, which is used for poisoning fish in the river. Changlang District has reached the stage in its present set up through a gradual development of Administration. Prior to 14th November 1987, it was a part of Tirap District. Under the Arunachal Pradesh Reorganization of Districts Amendment Bill, 1987,the Government of Arunachal Pradesh, formally declared the area as a new District on 14th November 1987 and became 10th district of Arunachal Pradesh. The legacy of Second World War, the historic Stilwell Road (Ledo Road), which was constructed during the Second World War by the Allied Soldiers from Ledo in Assam, India to Kunming, China via hills and valleys of impenetrable forests of north Burma (Myanmar) which section of this road is also passed through Changlang district of Arunachal Pradesh and remnant of Second World War Cemetery one can see at Jairampur – Nampong road. Location and Boundary The District lies between the Latitudes 26°40’N and 27°40’N, and Longitudes 95°11’E and 97°11’E .It is bounded by Tinsukia District of Assam and Lohit District of Arunachal Pradesh in the north, by Tirap District in the west and by Myanmar in the south-east.
    [Show full text]
  • Shangrila Discovery Is Your Opportunity for a Breathtaking, Picturesque Day 3 Guilin – Kunming (AB, L, D) Adventure Through China’S Yunnan Province
    Stone Forest EXOTIC TRIP Itinerary AB: American Breakfast, L: Lunch, D: Dinner, SD: Specialty Dinner Day 1 Guilin g You arrive in Guilin. Once we escort you to your hotel, the rest of the day Shan rila Discovery is free for you to explore. Tour Code: TQ Day 2 Guilin (AB, D) 12 days, 11 nights | Guilin, Kunming, Dali, Lijiang, Shangrila, Chengdu Cruise down the Li River and arrive at Yangshuo free market for local crafts and artworks. The Shangrila Discovery is your opportunity for a breathtaking, picturesque Day 3 Guilin – Kunming (AB, L, D) adventure through China’s Yunnan Province. Depart on a sparkling Li River In the morning, explore Elephant Trunk Hill. Later, marvel at the Cruise and venture to the Kunming Stone Forest with immense, colorful stalagmites in the Reed Flute Cave before catching a flight to Kunming, “The Spring City.” limestone structures. View China from atop the sacred Jade Dragon Mountain Day 4 Kunming (AB, L, D) near Lijiang and experience the mighty Yangtze River passing through the Visit the Stone Forest, created by ancient winds and water erosion. fantastic Tiger Leaping Gorge. Afterwards, visit the bustling economy of The Stone Forest is filled with limestone cliffs and peaks. On the way Three Pagodas Shanghai, home of the 2010 World Expo. You will be inspired by “The Land of back, visit Dragon’s Gate and Huating Temple. Sacredness and Peace” throughout your Shangrila Discovery. Day 5 Kunming – Dali (AB, L, D) Catch a flight to Dali, home of the Bai minority, where you will visit the Three Pagodas and the Dali Museum.
    [Show full text]
  • Thai-Burmese Warfare During the Sixteenth Century and the Growth of the First Toungoo Empire1
    Thai-Burmese warfare during the sixteenth century 69 THAI-BURMESE WARFARE DURING THE SIXTEENTH CENTURY AND THE GROWTH OF THE FIRST TOUNGOO EMPIRE1 Pamaree Surakiat Abstract A new historical interpretation of the pre-modern relations between Thailand and Burma is proposed here by analyzing these relations within the wider historical context of the formation of mainland Southeast Asian states. The focus is on how Thai- Burmese warfare during the sixteenth century was connected to the growth and development of the first Toungoo empire. An attempt is made to answer the questions: how and why sixteenth century Thai-Burmese warfare is distinguished from previous warfare, and which fundamental factors and conditions made possible the invasion of Ayutthaya by the first Toungoo empire. Introduction As neighbouring countries, Thailand and Burma not only share a long border but also have a profoundly interrelated history. During the first Toungoo empire in the mid-sixteenth century and during the early Konbaung empire from the mid-eighteenth to early nineteenth centuries, the two major kingdoms of mainland Southeast Asia waged wars against each other numerous times. This warfare was very important to the growth and development of both kingdoms and to other mainland Southeast Asian polities as well. 1 This article is a revision of the presentations in the 18th IAHA Conference, Academia Sinica (December 2004, Taipei) and The Golden Jubilee International Conference (January 2005, Yangon). A great debt of gratitude is owed to Dr. Sunait Chutintaranond, Professor John Okell, Sarah Rooney, Dr. Michael W. Charney, Saya U Myint Thein, Dr. Dhiravat na Pombejra and Professor Michael Smithies.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Flows for the Ayeyarwady (Irrawaddy) River Basin, Myanmar
    UNESCO-IHE Online Course on Environmental Flows Environmental Flows for the Ayeyarwady (Irrawaddy) River Basin, Myanmar Written by Alison Simmance MSc BSc April. 2013 E:[email protected] Environmental Flows for the Ayeyarwady River Basin, A.Simmance Environmental Flows for the Ayeyarwady (Irrawaddy) River Basin, Myanmar UNESCO-IHE Online Course on Environmental Flows Citation: Simmance, A. 2013. Environmental Flows for the Ayeyarwady (Irrawaddy) River Basin, Myanmar. Unpublished. UNESCO-IHE Online Course on Environmental Flows. Environmental Flows for the Ayeyarwady River Basin, A.Simmance Table of Contents 1. Chapter 1: Introduction to the Ayeyarwady River Basin 2 1.1. Overview- Country Context 2 1.2. Introduction to the Ayeyarwady River Basin 4 1.2.1. Hydrological Characteristics of the Ayeyarwady River Basin 4 1.2.2. Climate 5 1.3. The Ayeyarwady River Basin’s Natural Resources 6 1.3.1. Biodiversity and Conservation 6 1.3.2. Habitats 9 1.3.3. Watersheds and Freshwater Resources 10 1.3.4. Oil and Gas 11 1.3.5. Minerals 11 1.4. Socio-economic Conditions of the Ayeyarwady River Basin 11 1.5. Problems and Issues in the Ayeyarwady River Basin 12 1.5.1. Irrigation and drainage development 13 1.5.2. Hydropower Developments 13 1.5.3. Land-use change and Deforestation 15 1.5.4. Oil and Gas Extraction 16 1.5.5. Mining 16 1.5.6. Climate Change 17 1.5.7. Unsustainable Fishing Practices 18 1.5.8. Biodiversity Loss 18 1.5.9. Conclusions 18 2. Chapter 2: Governance of Natural Resource Management in the Ayeyarwady River Basin 19 2.1.
    [Show full text]
  • TRENDS in SAGAING Photo Credits
    Local Governance Mapping THE STATE OF LOCAL GOVERNANCE: TRENDS IN SAGAING Photo Credits William Pryor Mithulina Chatterjee Myanmar Survey Research The views expressed in this publication are those of the author, and do not necessarily represent the views of UNDP. Local Governance Mapping THE STATE OF LOCAL GOVERNANCE: TRENDS IN SAGAING UNDP MYANMAR The State of Local Governance: Trends in Sagaing - UNDP Myanmar 2015 Table of Contents Acknowledgements II Acronyms III Executive summary 1 - 3 1. Introduction 4 - 5 2. Methodology 6 - 8 3. Sagaing Region overview and regional governance institutions 9 - 24 3.1 Geography 11 3.2 Socio-economic background 11 3.3 Demographic information 12 3.4 Sagaing Region historical context 14 3.5 Representation of Sagaing Region in the Union Hluttaws 17 3.6 Sagaing Region Legislative and Executive Structures 19 3.7 Naga Self-Administered Zone 21 4. Overview of the participating townships 25 - 30 4.1 Introduction to the townships 26 4.1.1 Kanbalu Township 27 4.1.2 Kalewa Township 28 4.1.3 Monywa Township 29 4.1.4 Lahe Township (in the Naga SAZ) 30 5. Governance at the frontline – participation in planning, responsiveness for local service provision, and accountability in Sagaing Region 31- 81 5.1 Development planning and participation 32 5.1.1 Planning Mechanisms 32 5.1.2 Citizens' perspectives on development priorities 45 5.1.3 Priorities identified at the township level 49 5.2 Basic services - access and delivery 50 5.2.1 General Comments on Service Delivery 50 5.2.2 Health Sector Services 50 5.2.3 Education Sector Services 60 5.2.4 Drinking Water Supply Services 68 5.3 Transparency and accountability 72 5.3.1 Citizens' knowledge of governance structures 72 5.3.2 Citizen access to information relevant to accountability 76 5.3.3 Safe, productive venues for voicing opinions 79 6.
    [Show full text]
  • Beijing Essence Tour 【Tour Code:OBD4(Wed./Fri./Sun.) 、OBD5(Tues./Thur./Sun.)】
    Beijing Essence Tour 【Tour Code:OBD4(Wed./Fri./Sun.) 、OBD5(Tues./Thur./Sun.)】 【OBD】Beijing Essence Tour Price List US $ per person Itinerary 1: Beijing 3N4D Tour Itinerary 2: Beijing 4N5D Tour Tour Fare Itinerary 1 3N4D Itinerary 2 4N5D O Level A Level B Level A Level B B OBD4A OBD4B OBD5A OBD5B D Valid Date WED/FRI WED/FRI/SUN TUE/THU TUE/THU/SUN 2011.3.1-2011.8.31 208 178 238 198 Beijing 2011.9.1-2011. 11.30 218 188 258 208 2011.12.1-2012. 2.29 188 168 218 188 Single Room Supp. 160 130 200 150 Tips 32 32 40 40 1) Price excludes tips. The tips are for tour guide, driver and bell boys in hotel. Children should pay as much as adults. 2) Specified items(self-financed): Remarks Beijing/Kung Fu Show (US $28/P); [Half price (no seat) for child below 1.0m; full price for child over 1.0m. Only one child without seat is allowed for two adults.] 3) Total Fare: tour fare + specified self-financed fee(US $28/P) The price is based on adults; the price for children can be found on Page 87 Detailed Start Dates (The Local Date in China) Date Every Tues. Every Wed. Every Thur. Every Fri. Every Sun. Month OBD5A/5B OBD4A/4B OBD5A/5B OBD4A/4B OBD4B/OBD5B 2011. 3. 01, 08, 15, 22, 29 02, 09, 16, 23, 30 03, 10, 17, 24, 31 04, 11, 18, 25 06, 13, 20, 27 2011. 4. 05, 12, 19, 26 06, 13, 20, 27 07, 14, 21, 28 01, 08, 15, 22, 29 03, 10, 17, 24 Tour Highlights Tour Code：OBD4A/B Wall】 of China.
    [Show full text]
  • Gazetteer of India Tirap District
    Gazetteer of India ARUNACHAL PRADESH Tirap District GAZETTEER OF INDIA ARUNACHAL PRADESH TIRAP DISTRICT ARUNACHAL PRADESH DISTRICT GAZETTEERS TIRAP DISTRICT Edited by S. DUTTA CHOUDHURY GOVERNMENT OF ARUNACHAL PRADESH 1980 Published by Shri R.N. Bagchi Director of Information and Public Relations Government of Arunachal Pradesh, Shillong Printed by N.K, Gossain & Co. Private Ltd. 13/7ArifFRoad Calcutta 700 067 © Government of Arunachal Pradesh First Edition: 1980 First Reprint Edition: 2008 ISBN--978-81-906587-1-3 Price: Rs. 225/- Reprinted by M/s Himalayan Publishers Legi Shopping Con^jlex, BankTinali,ltanagar-791 111. FOREWORD I am happy to know that the Tirap District Gazetteer is soon coming out. This will be the second volume of District Gazetteers of Arunachal Pradesh — the first one on Lohit District was published during last year. The Gazetteer presents a comprehensive view of the life in Tirap District. The narrative covers a wide range of subjects and contains a wealth of information relating to the life style of the people, the geography of the area and also developments made so far in various sectors. The Tirap District Gazetteer, 1 hope, would serve a very useful purpose as a reference book. Raj Niwas R. N. Haldipur ltanagar-791111 Lieutenant Governor, Arunachal Pradesh May 6. 1980 PREFACE The present volume is the second in the series of Arunachal Pradesh District Gazetteers. The publication of this volume is the work of the Gazetteers Department of the Government of Arunachal Pradesh, carried out persistently over a number of years. In fact, the draft of Tirap District Gazetteer passed through a long course of examinations, changes and rewriting until the revised draft recommended by the Advisory Board in 1977 was approved by the Government of Arunachal Pradesh in 1978 and finally by the Government of India in 1979.
    [Show full text]
  • Data Collection in Nam Sabi and Training in Htamanthi, Sagaing Region, Myanmar
    C OMMUNITY-BASED NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: NAMSABI 2 0 1 4 Community-Based Natural Resource Management: Data Collection in Nam Sabi and Training in Htamanthi, Sagaing Region, Myanmar Report of Research Charles M. Peters, Ph.D. The New York Botanical Garden June 2014 CBNRM: Nam Sabi 1 COMMUNITY-BASED NATURAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: NAMSABI 2014 A CKNOWLEDGMENTS a miraculous job of organizing all of the details of the trip. Executive Summary Warm thanks to everyone for another From May 4 to May 21 of 2014, fieldwork was None of the fieldwork would have been productive and successful session of conducted in the village of Nam Sabi possible without the hard work, community forestry research and (N25.36182°, E95.34253°; 143 masl) in Hkamti training in northern Myanmar. In enthusiasm, and good humor of the District, Sagaing Region and community addition to fieldwork, the trip also scientific team, the local WCS staff, the forestry, management planning, and botanical involved rewarding interactions with the rangers from Htamanthi WS, and the collection training was offered at the Forest Department, useful planning residents of Nam Sabi. In particular, I Htamanthi WS headquarters (N25.33649°, meetings at Mandalay University to wish to acknowledge the strong E95.26741°; 157 masl) in Htamanthi, Homalin discuss future collaborations, and a one- contributions of Kyaw Zin Aung and Township, Sagaing Region in collaboration day training workshop on community Myint Thein (Htamanthi WS), the with Dr. Kate Armstrong from The New York forestry and field botany at the invaluable communication skills and Botanical Garden (NYBG). The basic objective of the fieldwork at Namsabi was to provide a Htamanthi Wildlife Sanctuary constant smile of Daw Myint Myint Oo (WCS), the mapping and field expertise preliminary assessment of the supply and Headquarters.
    [Show full text]
  • The Historical Road for Common Prosperity of South East Asia
    International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Vol. 4, No. 9(1); July 2014 The Historical Road for Common Prosperity of South East Asia Dr (Mrs) Juri Gogoi Konwar Assistant Professor, Dept of Cultural Studies Tezpur Central University Assam India – 784028 Abstract During the Second World War, the road from Ledo, North East Frontier rail station of Assam, India, to Kunming of Yunnan province, China via Lekhapani, Jairampur, Nampong and Pangsau pass of Patkai range, Shindbwiyang, Upper Chindwin, Hukawng and Mogaung valleys, Bhamo, Burma (Myanmar) road and then to Wanting, at China border was constructed by the Allied Forces for maintaining military supply by road. Starting on December 1, 1942 the construction was completed on May 20, 1945. The road passed through some of the most difficult mountainous terrains of the world having 700 bridges over big and small rivers. After the war, for some time the road was maintained, thereafter it remained to be almost completely neglected. In the light of ‘Open Market Policy’ adopted by the international community, desire of the South East Asian countries to have common economic prosperity and ‘Look East Policy’ of India, it is important for the concerned countries to reconstruct and reopen the road. The paper presents an account of its possible utilization for the socio-cultural and economic linkages of the connected and nearby countries for peace and prosperity. Keywords: Ledo-Stilwell road, heritage, prosperity, South East Asia Introduction During one hundred twenty one years of British administration of Assam in India, there was a road from her eastern most small town Ledo to Myanmar.
    [Show full text]