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International Journal of Research and . ISSN 0974-3154 Volume 10, Number 1 (2017) © International Research Publication House http://www.irphouse.com

Visual in

Asst.Prof.Tejas B Pingale Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, D. Y. Patil college of Engg. & Tech.,Kasaba Bawada, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India. email:[email protected]

Asst.Prof. Snehal Y Damugade Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, D. Y. Patil college of Engg. & Tech.,Kasaba Bawada, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India. email:[email protected]

Asst.Prof. Neela D Jirge Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture, D. Y. Patil college of Engg. & Tech.,Kasaba Bawada, Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India. email:[email protected]

Abstract , collage, three-dimensional process and This paper presents a Architecture is not just a picture of computer-based methods are appropriate. Drawings can be visual understanding how create and communicate used for the purposes of observation, visualisation and through visual means, but means of via presentation. Observational drawings are freehand drawings from direct observation to represent the form, materials and diagrams, sketches, charts, photographs, video, and animation textures of objects/structures. Visualisation drawings are in in fundamental to the process of exploring concepts and the form of quick ideation sketches for conceptualising and disseminating to shape the everyday quality of communicating ideas. Presentation drawings are refined and life for individuals, communities and societies. finished and can be drawn using manual and/or digital Keywords: Architects, , Presentation drawing. methods. All drawings can represent objects in two- and Introduction three-dimensions. Types of This unit focuses on using to communicate two-dimensional representation messages, ideas and concepts. This involves acquiring and drawings include orthogonal, applying thinking skills as well as drawing skills to plans and elevations. make messages, ideas and concepts visible and tangible. Types of three dimensional Visual communication design relies on drawing as the representation drawings include primary component of visual language to support the perspective (one and two point) conception and visualisation of ideas. Architects develop an and paraline (isometric and understand the importance of presentation drawings to clearly planometric). Drawing as a communicate their final visual . Through means of communication This experimentation and through exploration of the relationship area of study introduces the between design elements and design principles, They develop skill set that underpins the an understand how design elements and principles affect the discrete design process stages visual message and the way information and ideas are read of generating ideas, developing and perceived. concepts and refining drawings. It focuses on the development Visual Communications of visual language and design The design and creation of visual communications requires thinking skills. the selection and application of methods, , materials, Architects use observational, design elements, design principles and final presentation visualisation and presentation formats. Collectively these are the resources of visual drawing as the means by which language. ideas and concepts are Methods refer to the technical processes used to make visual Fig.1.Conceptual Drawing. communications. For this drawing, painting, ,

123 International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology. ISSN 0974-3154 Volume 10, Number 1 (2017) © International Research Publication House http://www.irphouse.com

communicated. Through observational drawing Architects of existing objects and/or spaces when recording these consider reasons for the choices designers make regarding the investigations. , appearance and function of objects/structures. • Generation of ideas: exploring a variety of design ideas that Architects investigate ways of representing form and surface draw on the research and are appropriate to the brief. textures, and apply different materials and media to render Imaginative ideas can be quickly drawn using visualisation drawings. drawing methods. These freehand ideation sketches support  Media are the digital and non-digital applications used to the communication of ideas. Visualisation drawing can make visual communications. digital applications include represent objects in two- and three-dimensions. vector-based and raster-based programs, • Development of concepts: selecting the preferred ideas and non-digital applications include pencils, ink, markers, applying a range of methods, materials, media, design pastels, acrylic paint, gouache, dye and film. elements, design principles and presentation formats to create  Materials are the surfaces or substrates that visual two- and three dimensional visual communications that communications are applied to or constructed from. which address the brief. Both visualisation and presentation drawing include paper, screen, card, textile, metal and plastic. methods are relevant to this stage.  Design elements are components of visual communications. • Refinement: modifying visual communications in response For this include point, line, shape, form, tone, texture, colour to feedback and evaluation against the brief. and type. • Resolution of presentations: presenting visual  Design principles are accepted coventions associated with communications that satisfy the brief. arranging or organising design elements. For this include figure-ground, balance, contrast, cropping, hierarchy, scale, Presentation Drawings proportion and pattern (repetition and alternation). Drawings intended to visually communicate a scheme and to promote its merits. Through representing actual usage of Design Process space, people, vehicles and trees to appear realistic. Working The design process identifies separate stages, as drawings may include tones or hatches to emphasise different illustrated in Figure 2, which collectively form a framework materials, but they are diagrams, not intended to appear for creating visual communications in response to a brief. realistic., and are otherwise very similar in style to working drawings. Rendering is the of adding surface textures and shadows to show the visual qualities of a building more realistically. An architectural illustrator or graphic may be employed to prepare specialist presentation images, usually perspectives or highly finished site plans, floor plans and elevations etc.

Fig.2.Design Process The brief can be provided by the Client. The process should not be seen as static or linear; rather it is cyclical or iterative, with stages revisited as required to resolve design problems and extend ideas. Underpinning the design process is ongoing analysis, reflection and evaluation requiring creative, critical and reflective thinking, referred to as . Stages in the design process are: • Development of the brief: Identifying the client needs, the context , the purpose of the Project, the target audience, and any constraints that affect the nature of the solution. • Research: collecting ideas, information and resources relevant to the brief for inspiration, investigation, analysis and interpretation. Architects can use observational freehand Fig.3.Presentation Drawing drawing methods to represent the form, materials and textures

124 International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology. ISSN 0974-3154 Volume 10, Number 1 (2017) © International Research Publication House http://www.irphouse.com

Technical drawing in context  Assembly drawings show how the different parts are put Working drawings would typically combine plans, sections, together. For example, a wall detail will show the layers that elevations and some details to provide a complete explanation make up the construction, how they are fixed to structural of a building on one sheet. That was possible because little elements, how to finish the edges of openings, and how detail was included, the building techniques involved being prefabricated components are to be fitted. common knowledge amongst building professionals.  Component drawings enable self-contained elements e.g. Modern working drawings are much more detailed and it is windows and door sets, to be fabricated in a workshop, and standard practice to isolate each view on a separate sheet. delivered to site complete and ready for installation. Larger Notes included on drawings are brief, components may include roof trusses, cladding panels, cupboards and kitchens. Complete rooms, especially hotel bedrooms and bathrooms, may be made as prefabricated pods complete with internal decorations and fittings.

The focuses on the acquisition and application of presentation drawing skills that incorporate the use of conventions. These drawings present information and ideas associated with a specific design field. Within the environmental design field, one can focus on a specific area such as architectural, interior or . In any design field investigate ways in which information and ideas can be communicated to a client and draw on these understandings when creating presentation drawings.

the drawings which are not communicated as per the knowledge.

Fig.5. Mistakes of technical understanding.

Fig.4.Technical Drawing referring to standardised specification documents for more information. Understanding the layout and construction of a modern building involves studying an often-sizeable set of drawings and documents. A comprehensive set of drawings used in a building construction project: these will include not only architect's drawings but structural and services engineer's drawings etc. Working drawings logically subdivide into location, assembly and component drawings.

 Location drawings, also called general arrangement drawings, include floor plans, sections and elevations: they show where the construction elements are located. Fig.6. Mistakes of technical understanding.

125 International Journal of Engineering Research and Technology. ISSN 0974-3154 Volume 10, Number 1 (2017) © International Research Publication House http://www.irphouse.com

Key skills: supply a maximised content.Role of Standards to provide • Apply drawing methods that are suitable for the purposes of nationally accepted conventions for technical drawing. observation, visualisation and presentation • Use manual and/or digital methods to create drawings for different purposes References • Apply three-dimensional drawing methods to represent the form and structure of objects [1] Website: www.vcca.vic.edu • Select and apply media, materials and techniques to draw [2] Wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectural drawing. and render forms [3] visual communication by Kajsa Björne, • Apply design thinking techniques to generate alternative ideas and reflect on their suitability. • Apply and document design thinking techniques when engaged in the design process

• Research and analyse information relevant to a given brief • Use freehand visualisation drawings and annotations to make ideas visible • Evaluate the suitability of design ideas and concepts in terms of the requirements of the brief • Select and use a range of appropriate methods, media, materials, design elements and design principles • Apply techniques to refine and present visual communications • Apply practices that fulfill legal obligations with respect to copyright • Use appropriate terminology. • Made a list of what that we would need to evaluate and work further with. Discussion The solution It is important to remember that all individuals work differently and like different things that can be demonstrated even if everyone works with the same symbols and colours. However, by starting with a set colour and library the drawings became quicker and easier to create and as a result less stressful. The amends made a great impact on the look of the visuals and consequently our visual language became clearer. We all agreed on that the colour scheme and symbol library was mainly meant as a dynamic and changeable guide in order to create a united style, rather than something that would restrain any type of . Conclusion A set language might mean that you have to work within barriers that do not suit you. However, a set library and a colour scheme is not meant to restrain any type of creativity, but rather be a guide in order to create a united style, take away stress and save money. It is meant as a basis upon which everyone can begin at the same and from there create what is suitable. Nevertheless, when developing a visual language, consideration must constantly be taken, evaluations performed and frequent discussions take place with all employees in order to mediate the visual language that’s desired and together create the tools that will work for everyone. A set visual language is also important in order to make the design work more efficient. It is important that the visual language does not go to extremes and end with the common man failing to understand it. It shall be a fine balance linking exciting communication and the actual design. A visual language shall optimise the possibilities in order to

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