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Outlawbikers Wijzig.Indd Outlawbikers in Nederland Outlawbikers in Nederland Uitgave Politie Landelijke Eenheid Dienst Landelijke Informatieorganisatie Postbus 3016 2700 KX Zoetermeer Woerden, april 2014 Copyright © 2014 – DLIO Woerden Tweede druk: mei 2014 Foto omslag: Hollandse Hoogte Behoudens de door de wet gestelde uitzonderingen, alsmede behoudens voor zover in deze uitgave nadrukkelijk anders is aangegeven, mag niets uit deze uitgave worden verveelvoudigd en/of openbaar worden gemaakt, in enige vorm of op enige wijze, hetzij elektronisch, mechanisch, door fotokopieën, opnamen, of op enige andere manier, zonder voorafgaande schriftelijke toestemming van de Politie. Aan de totstandkoming van deze uitgave is de uiterste zorg besteed. Voor informatie die nochtans onvolledig of onjuist is opgenomen, aanvaarden de auteur(s), redactie en de Politie geen aansprakelijkheid. Voor eventuele verbeteringen van de opgenomen gegevens houden zij zich gaarne aanbevolen. Inhoud Outlawbikers in Nederland ........................................................1 1. Inleiding ..............................................................................11 1.1. Doelstelling en afbakening ........................................12 1.2. Informatiebronnen .....................................................12 1.3. Leeswijzer/Opbouw van het rapport........................13 2. Wat (en wie) zijn outlawbikers? ..........................................15 2.1. Outlaw motorcycle gangs en outlawbikers ..............16 2.2. De geschiedenis van outlaw motorcycle gangs ...........................................17 2.2.1. 1%-MC .......................................................18 2.3. Outlaw motorcycle gangs in Nederland .....................19 2.3.1. Animals MC ................................................20 2.3.2. Bandidos MC ..............................................20 2.3.3. Black Sheep MC .........................................21 2.3.4. Demons MC ...............................................21 2.3.5. Gringos MC ................................................22 2.3.6. Rebel Crew MC ..........................................22 2.3.7. Rogues MC ................................................23 2.3.8. Spiders MC .................................................23 2.3.9. Veterans MC ...............................................23 2.3.10. Waardeloos MC ..........................................24 2.4. Raad van Acht .........................................................24 2.5. Sociodemografische beschrijving outlawbikers .........26 2.5.1. Leeftijd, nationaliteit en woonsituatie ..........26 2.5.2. Werk en inkomen .......................................28 2.5.3. Gezinsleven ................................................33 2.5.4. Motorrijbewijs en motorbezit .......................35 2.5.5. Recapitulatie ...............................................38 3 3. Structuren, regels en gebruiken .........................................41 3.1. Organisatiestructuur ................................................41 3.1.1. Fullcolour-clubs ..........................................41 3.1.2. Supportclubs ..............................................42 3.1.3. Functies ......................................................46 3.1.4. Rechtspersonen .........................................49 3.2. Regels .....................................................................51 3.2.1. Toelatingsbeleid ..........................................51 3.2.2. Toetreding als chapter en patch overs .......55 3.2.3. Out in good or bad standing .......................56 3.2.4. Clubhoppen ................................................59 3.2.5. Algemene club- en gedragsregels ..............61 3.2.6. Clubhuis en vergaderstructuur ...................63 3.2.7. Contributie en clubinkomsten .....................65 3.2.8. Sancties en beloningen ..............................66 3.2.9. Clubwapens ................................................68 3.2.10. Defence Fund .............................................69 3.2.11. Begrafenis(fonds) .......................................70 3.2.12. Clubactiviteiten ...........................................72 3.2.13. Sociale relaties ...........................................73 3.3. Imagomanagement .................................................76 3.3.1. Dubbel imago .............................................76 3.3.2. Met of zonder colours .................................79 4. Symboliek: colours & tattoos ..............................................81 4.1. Colours: patches en rockers ...................................81 4.2. Clubkleuren .............................................................86 4.3. Tatoeages................................................................86 5. Outlaw motorclubs in Nederland ........................................89 5.1. Hells Angels MC (HAMC) ........................................90 5.1.1. Ontstaansgeschiedenis ..............................90 5.1.2. Recente ontwikkelingen .............................93 5.1.3. Bijzonderheden ..........................................94 5.1.4. Support .......................................................95 5.1.5. Red Devils MC ...........................................96 4 5.2. Satudarah (SMC).......................................................97 5.2.1. Ontstaansgeschiedenis ..............................99 5.2.2. Recente ontwikkelingen ...........................100 5.2.3. Bijzonderheden ........................................102 5.2.4. Support .....................................................106 5.3. No Surrender MC (NSMC) ....................................107 5.3.1. Ontstaansgeschiedenis en recente ontwikkelingen ..........................................108 5.3.2. Bijzonderheden ........................................110 5.3.3. Support .....................................................112 5.4. Trailer Trash MC (TTMC) ......................................112 5.4.1. Ontstaansgeschiedenis ............................114 5.4.2. Recente ontwikkelingen ...........................114 5.4.3. Trailer Trash en/of Travellers? ..................115 5.4.4. Bijzonderheden ........................................115 5.4.5. Support .....................................................116 6. Internationale ontwikkelingen ...........................................119 6.1. Wereldwijde ontwikkeling: groei ............................119 6.2. Europese ontwikkelingen ......................................120 6.2.1. Groei en nieuwkomers .............................121 6.2.2. Overige Europese trends .........................122 6.2.3. Europese incidenten (voornamelijk rond uitbreiding Satudarah) ..............................123 6.3. Nederland als wereldspeler...................................124 7. Nederlandse ontwikkelingen.............................................125 7.1. Nationale trends ....................................................125 7.1.1. Groei (over de grens) ...............................125 7.1.2. Aantrekkingskracht en veranderend ledenbestand ............................................127 7.1.3. Hoe zwart-wit is fullcolour? .......................133 7.1.4. Actief imagomanagement in de media .....135 7.1.5. Einde alleenheerschappij Hells Angels ....135 7.1.6. ‘Brothers before bikes’ ..............................136 5 7.2. Ontwikkelingen in overheidsoptreden en -inzet .......137 7.2.1. Reacties op overheidsinzet ......................140 7.3. Recente incidenten en gebeurtenissen in Nederland ..........................................................143 7.4. Escalatie van conflicten in Nederland? .................147 7.4.1. Internationale conflicten in het verleden ...147 7.4.2. Poldermodel of escalatie? ........................149 8. Criminogene organisatie...................................................155 8.1. Criminele organisatie en/of verboden rechtspersoon .......................................................155 8.2. Hobby of handel? ..................................................157 8.3. Criminogene organisatie .......................................162 8.3.1. Criminogene gelegenheidsstructuur (sociaal) ....................................................162 8.3.2. Criminogene status: power of the patch ...163 8.3.3. Criminogene status en fysieke intimidatie: power by numbers ..................164 8.3.4. Criminogene gelegenheidsstructuur (praktisch) .................................................166 8.3.5. Criminogene organisatiestructuur en -mores .................................................167 8.4. Contrastrategieën..................................................170 8.4.1. Zwijgen .....................................................170 8.4.2. Intimidatie (doen zwijgen) .........................172 8.4.3. Onder de radar .........................................173 8.4.4. Afschermen communicatie .......................174 8.4.5. Afschermen activiteiten ............................175 8.4.6. Contra-observatie .....................................176 8.4.7. Corrumptieve contacten ...........................177 8.4.8. Afschermen vermogen .............................177 8.4.9. Advocaten ................................................178 8.5. Internationaal netwerk ...........................................178 8.6. Relaties met criminogene subculturen ..................180 6 9. Geregistreerde criminaliteit...............................................185 9.1. Justitiecontacten ...................................................186 9.2. Opsporingsonderzoeken .......................................189 9.3. Omschrijving
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