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The Role of the Notary in Secure Electronic Commerce
THE ROLE OF THE NOTARY IN SECURE ELECTRONIC COMMERCE by Leslie G. Smith A thesis submitted in accordance with the regulations for the degree of Master of Information Technology (Research) Information Security Institute Faculty of Information Technology Queensland University of Technology September 2006 Statement of Original Authorship “This work contained in this thesis has not been previously submitted for a degree or diploma at any other education institution. To the best of my knowledge and belief, the thesis contains no material previously published or written by any other person except where due reference is made.” Signed:…………………………………………………………….. Name:……………………………………………………………… Date:………………………………………………………………. i ii ABSTRACT THE ROLE OF THE NOTARY IN SECURE ELECTRONIC COMMERCE By Leslie G. Smith The profession of the notary is at a cross roads. The Notary operates in a world of paper- based transactions where the use of traditional signatures and seals are mandatory. The practices and procedures which have evolved over centuries simply cannot be applied directly in a digital environment. Establishing a framework for the authentication of computer-based information in today's commercial environment requires a familiarity with concepts and professional skills from both the legal and computer security fields. Combining these two disciplines is not an easy task. Concepts from the information security field often correspond only loosely with concepts from the legal field, even in situations where the terminology is similar. This thesis explores the history of the Notary, the fundamental concepts of e-commerce, the importance of the digital or electronic signature and the role of the emerging “Cyber” or “Electronic” Notary (E-Notary) in the world of electronic commerce. -
The Legal Paraprofessional: an Introduction
Vanderbilt Law Review Volume 24 Issue 6 Issue 6 - Symposium on Legal Article 2 Paraprofessionals 11-1971 The Legal Paraprofessional: An Introduction Elliott E. Cheatham Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu/vlr Part of the Legal Education Commons Recommended Citation Elliott E. Cheatham, The Legal Paraprofessional: An Introduction, 24 Vanderbilt Law Review 1083 (1971) Available at: https://scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu/vlr/vol24/iss6/2 This Symposium is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Vanderbilt Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Vanderbilt Law Review by an authorized editor of Scholarship@Vanderbilt Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The Education of Legal Paraprofessionals: Myths, Realities, and Opportunities William P. Statsky* TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION ..................................... 1083 II. THRESHOLD QUESTIONS AND DEFINITIONS ............... 1084 III. RECRUITMENT CRITERIA .............................. 1087 IV. TRAINING THE LEGAL ASSISTANT AND THE LAY ADVOCATE.. 1090 A. The Education of Legal Assistants ................. 1091 B. The Education of Lay Advocates ................... 1096 V. THE SITUS, STRUCTURE, AND CONTENT OF PRESENT TRAINING PROGRAMS ................................ 1103 A. In-House Training .............................. 1104 B. Law Schools .................................... 1106 C. Four-Year Colleges ............................. 1111 D. Community and Junior Colleges ................... 1113 -
The Cilex Route for Law Graduates
The CILEx Route for Law Graduates “There are many benefits to becoming a lawyer through CILEx, and I can now become a court advocate, a judge or a partner in a law firm.” ABOUT CHARTERED CILEx GRADUATE LEGAL EXECUTIVE LAWYERS ‘FAST-TRACK’ DIPLOMA Chartered Legal Executive lawyers are professionally qualified, specialist lawyers who can also become court The CILEx Graduate ‘Fast-Track’ Diploma is advocates and partners in law firms. They are also eligible to a very cost effective means of qualification, apply for judicial appointment. particularly compared to the Legal Practice Course (LPC) and Bar Professional Training Graduates who have gained a qualifying law degree as Course (BPTC) fees which usually range from approved by the Solicitors Regulation Authority (SRA) within £10,500 to £16,500 for aspiring solicitors the last seven years can apply to join CILEx as Associate and barristers. The average cost of the CILEx Members. Graduates who join as Associate members: Graduate Fast-Track Diploma is only around £2,400, including all course fees, CILEx n Can use the designatory letters ACILEx membership and exemption fees. n Are exempt from CILEx study at Level 3, the first stage of The CILEx Graduate ‘Fast Track’ Diploma qualifying to become a Chartered Legal Executive can be studied part-time, leaving you able to seek employment in legal practice whilst n Can study for the CILEx Graduate ‘Fast-Track’ Diploma continuing your studies. So you can start accumulating the necessary qualifying employment to be a Chartered Legal Executive Lawyer. Whilst a qualifying law degree provides partial exemption towards the CILEx qualification, graduates must complete two CILEx Level 6 practice units (one of which must be linked to a law module studied as part of your law degree) and the CILEx Level 6 Client Care Skills unit (assessed by course work only). -
Notary and Apostille Uk
Notary And Apostille Uk Aram lendings his odontolite enclosed voraciously, but tawie Gerry never york so farther. Christiano clucks largely as subaxillary Godfree progging her phylloquinone bleed cynically. Unsaleable and alleviated Anatole sees some mounties so incontrollably! She converted to clients at our business document uk apostille agreement member of law society family, power or letter An Apostille is a type of international authentication for documents. This has provided a considerable level of confidence at a crucial time. Notary Public in advance of making an appointment. Providing your application is in order, or lawyer with a notary license, contact the UK authorities. Noterised in Turkey for it to be accepted. What is legalisation or Apostille? Documents that can be legalised. How to get your Documents Attested? This brings in the necessity for the issuance of employment visa, however, degrees. Generally, marriage certificates, display submissions publicly or hide the poll once somebody completes it. Oaths and Swearing Affidavits, draw these up for you. This is a good service, Buckinghamshire. This is normally when a notary witnesses the signature of another individual. Please view the Foreign and Commonwealth Office website for guidance on legalisation of documents. Apostille authenticated documents can only be used in a foreign country that accepts such documents without any further authentication needed on such documents. Straight talking and one of us. Notarized documents: should be apostilled in front of the Notary Chamber corresponding to the signatory notary. My emails and notary apostille uk legalisation on the state government agency to produce your notary public team and required to advise the receiving country. -
IILEX White Paper
IILex Letterhead:120gm 28/11/2008 13:20 Page 1 Irish Institute of Legal Executives Ltd. THE LEGAL EXECUTIVE AS PRACTISING AND QUALIFIED LAWYERS PUTTING CONSUMERS OF LEGAL SERVICES FIRST PAPER FOR STAKEHOLDERS Presented by The Irish Institute of Legal Executives 22/24 Lower Mount Street Dublin 2 I DX 105012 Dorset St. I t/f: (01) 890 4278 I e: [email protected] I w: www.irishinstituteoflegalexecutives.com Directors: Deirdre Duffy, Rose P. Buggle, Seamus Kennedy, Frank Crummey, Veronica Duffy, Mary Foley, Maria Kielty, Jeanette Duffy. Irish Institute of Legal Executives Limited. Co Reg No: 187694 Index Introductory Preface 1 Executive Summary 2 Part One The Legal Executive and the Irish Institute of Legal Executives: An Introduction 3 Status of Legal Executives 4 Part Two General Principles of Reform 5 - 6 Part Three Proposals for Reform, Evidential Status of Legal Executives Commissioners for Oaths 7 Right of Audience in Court 8 Licensed Conveyancers 9 Legal Executives as Partners in Solicitors Firms 10 Appointment as Judges 11 Signature 12 Introductory Preface This paper has been written and prepared by the Irish Institute of Legal Executives. The purpose of this paper is to inform stakeholders and decision makers in Ireland of the existing role of the Legal Executive in Ireland and, in the context of legal services, to chart reforms which involve the Irish Institute of Legal Executives. The title of this paper: ‘ The Legal Executive as Practising and Qualified Lawyers Putting Consumers of Legal Services First’ reflects the emphasis the Irish Institute of Legal Executives places on delivering first-class services to consumers of legal services. -
Law for Non Law Studentsweb
Law for Non Law Students Version 8.13 You are advised to check material facts as although every effort has been made to ensure that the information given in this leaflet is up-to-date, reviews of legal education and training requirements are continually in progress and information is subject to change. Qualifications & Courses Do I need an Undergraduate Law degree to practice law? No. To practice as a solicitor or barrister in England and Wales non law graduates must first take a conversion course. Taking the Graduate Diploma in Law (GDL), sometimes called the Common Professional Exam (CPE), recognised by the Solicitors Regulation Authority/Bar Standards Board, will give you the same status as a law graduate. What further courses/training do I need to do to qualify as a solicitor or barrister? Following completion of a recognised GDL/CPE you need to undertake a period of vocational training: ° Legal Practice Course (LPC) to qualify as a solicitor, followed by a two year period of work based learning, known as a training contract, including a Professional Skills course. A profile detailing the work of a solicitor training requirements and career progression is available from www.prospects.ac.uk/types_of_jobs_legal_profession.htm ° Bar Professional Training Course (BPTC) to qualify as a barrister, followed by at least 12 months pupillage. A profile detailing the work of a barrister, training requirements and career progression is available from www.prospects.ac.uk/types_of_jobs_legal_profession.htm Are there any other ways to qualify as a lawyer? Yes, becoming a legal executive is recognised by the Ministry of Justice as being one of the three core ways of becoming a lawyer. -
911D005.N19 Work of the Notary & Tofb
Bedford and Ampthill Notaries at Palmers Solicitors Bedford Limited Established 1905 __________________ Anthony W Northey M.A, LL.M.(Cantab) M.B.A, M.C.I.M., T.E.P. Email: [email protected] Principal Office: The Notarial Chambers, Hassett House, Hassett Street, Bedford MK40 1HA England Tel : +44 (0)1525 40 22 44 Mobile: +44 (0)7860 88 70 54 Ian C Codrington M.A. (Cantab) Email: [email protected] Principal Office: The Notarial Chambers, Hassett House, Hassett Street Bedford MK40 1HA England Tel : +44 (0)1234 794 007 Mobile: +44 (0)7785 77 66 99 Websites: www.BedfordandAmpthillNotaries.co.uk plus www.palmers.co.uk THE WORK OF THE NOTARY/NOTARY PUBLIC/NOTARIAL LAWYER AND OUR TERMS OF BUSINESS Notaries Public, who are commonly in the UK and in many Countries abroad referred to as Notaries, are principally involved with Notarising, verifying and authenticating documents for use abroad. In most countries a document Notarised or authenticated by a Notary is accepted as totally valid. As Lord Eldon said in court back in 1905 “A Notary by the law of nations has credit everywhere” The task of Notaries is to complete and make your document acceptable in the country, in which it is to be used, subject to being provided with the relevant document in the necessary format and full details of that country’s requirements. The oath a Notary takes when he/she becomes a Notary, requires him/her to exercise his/her duties faithfully and to the best of his/her skill and ability and to make contracts or other documents for or between any parties without adding or altering anything that may alter the substance of the facts set out in the document without the approval of the parties. -
CAREERS and Qualifications GUIDE
TESTIMONIALS “I want to be a conveyancer and it is a quicker route, plus the qualification allows me to train to be an expert in that specialist area of the law.” “I initially wanted to take the GDL course to convert to law after my History degree. However I found the costs were too much. The Chartered Legal Executive lawyer route was highly recommended instead.” CAREERS AND “My employers advised me qUALIFICATIONS GUIDE about the course and agreed to pay for me to study my Chartered Legal Executive lawyer courses.” Earn As You Learn: Your best route to a career as a lawyer “At first I wanted to get a paralegal qualification to recognise the practical experience I already had. Now I will carry on to qualify as a Fellow.” THE CHARTERED INSTITUTE OF LEGAL EXECUTIVES Kempston Manor, Kempston, Bedford MK42 7AB T +44 (0)1234 845777 | F +44 (0)1234 840373 E [email protected] | www.cilex.org.uk Information correct at time of press. 12.10.12 CLX13705-03 brochure v06 AW.indd 16-17 16/03/2012 12:35 ABOUT THE CHARTERED INSTITUTE OF LEGAL EXECUTIVES Changes in legislation mean that Chartered Legal Executive lawyers are increasingly on a level playing field with solicitors or barristers, as they can now become judges, advocates and partners in law firms. The role of a Chartered Legal However, if you already have a whilst gaining valuable practical Executive lawyer is so similar to that qualifying law degree gained within experience in their workplace. Around of a solicitor that the most clients the last seven years, we also offer 75% of employers pay for their staff to THINKING OF A are unlikely to be able to distinguish a cost-effective alternative to the study to be Chartered Legal Executive between them. -
Acting As a Litigation Friend in the Court of Protection
Litigation Friend Guidance Guidance Note Acting as a litigation friend in the Court of Protection Author Alex Ruck Keene, Barrister, Introduction Thirty Nine Essex Street and Honorary Research Lecturer at 1. The Court of Protection plays a vital role in securing the rights of the University of Manchester some of the most vulnerable people in society. Judges of the court daily have to determine whether individuals have or lack capacity to take specific decisions, and – if they lack capacity – Table of Contents what should be done in their best interests. Introduction 1 A: Overview 2 2. The person who lacks (or may lack) capacity to take their own B: An overview of the Court of decisions will not always be involved directly in the proceedings. Protection 5 If they are, and if they do not have capacity to participate in those C: Who can be a litigation friend for proceedings, then they will need a ‘litigation friend’ – a person P in proceedings before the Court of who can conduct the proceedings on their behalf. Litigation Protection? 7 friends are therefore a crucial part of the working of the Court of D: Becoming a litigation friend and instructing lawyers 14 Protection, ensuring that those whom the proceedings concern E: What does a litigation friend do? have their voice heard before the court. F: When is it appropriate to bring a case to the Court of Protection as 3. This Guidance aims to demystify the Court of Protection generally litigation friend for P? 27 and the role of litigation friend specifically so as to enable more G: How do cases before the Court of people to consider taking up the role – thereby ensuring the Protection proceed? 33 better promotion and protection of the rights of those said to be H: When would an appointment of a lacking capacity to take their own decisions. -
Legal Executive
Legal Executive Introduction Legal Executives work within the legal system of England and Wales. The work of a Legal Executive is very similar to that of a Solicitor. The main difference is that Legal Executives tend to specialise in only one or two areas of the law. Also known as Lawyer, Legal Executive Work Activities As a Legal Executive, you will have specialist knowledge of one or two areas of the law. The most common areas you might specialise in are civil litigation, conveyancing, family law, criminal law and probate. If you specialise in probate work, you will be responsible for drawing up wills and advising clients on how best to provide for relatives. You'll work out the amount of money that people named in a will are entitled to receive, and may trace named relatives who have left the country. In conveyancing, you will help to arrange the transfer of property rights and ownership. You may also advise couples on matrimonial law or draw up documents to help in the formation of a company. In a criminal law case, you may be present when the police interview the client. You'll help clients to prepare for court cases. This will involve interviewing them and carrying out research to gather the details of the case. Not all cases go to court, but when a court hearing is unavoidable, you must help to prepare the client's advocate (such as a Barrister, Solicitor or Legal Executive Advocate). You may prepare a 'brief' for the Barrister, which outlines the case, gives details of the evidence and the names of witnesses who will appear in court. -
Legal Careers
® Legal careers There are many, and varied, careers available in the • Law Clerks and/or Paralegals will be expected by most legal profession. employers to have completed some formal post- secondary legal study, and have ‘hands on’ For example: experience in the legal workplace. • Australian Legal Practitioner, working as a Solicitor or • Legal Secretaries will generally be expected to have as a Barrister very good computer and literacy skills and, depending • Court Registrar upon the employer, may need to have completed some formal post-secondary legal study. • Legal Executive™ • Law Clerk • Those seeking employment in other roles, such as Deeds Clerk, Mail Clerk or Legal Receptionist, will • Paralegal generally be expected to have good computer and • Legal Secretary to a Solicitor or a Barrister literacy skills, and organisational skills. • Deeds Clerk • The requirements may differ depending upon the • Legal Receptionist nature of the employment, and employer • Mail Clerk. requirements. • Most positions will require good English skills, and Legal positions can be found in many places. some may also require numeracy skills. For example: Starting points in non-legal practitioner roles. • Private law firms Everyone employed in the legal profession starts at a • The legal departments of corporations junior level, except graduates of Law Degree courses • Government organisations although they too must undergo training in the • The Courts and Tribunals practicalities of Law. This is whether you complete formal • Community Legal Centres. post-secondary legal study before you gain employment, or undertake study on a part-time basis whilst employed, Each career will have its own requirements. because you must learn to apply what you have learned to your everyday work. -
Courts and Legal Services Act 1990, Part II Is up to Date with All Changes Known to Be in Force on Or Before 16 September 2021
Status: This version of this part contains provisions that are prospective. Changes to legislation: Courts and Legal Services Act 1990, Part II is up to date with all changes known to be in force on or before 16 September 2021. There are changes that may be brought into force at a future date. Changes that have been made appear in the content and are referenced with annotations. (See end of Document for details) View outstanding changes Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 1990 CHAPTER 41 PART II LEGAL SERVICES Modifications etc. (not altering text) C1 Pt. 2: transfer of functions (19.8.2003) by The Secretary of State for Constitutional Affairs Order 2003 (S.I. 2003/1887), arts. 4, 5, Sch. 1 (with arts. 6, 8) Introductory 17 The statutory objective and the general principle. F1. Textual Amendments F1 S. 17 repealed (1.1.2010) by Legal Services Act 2007 (c. 29), ss. 208, 210, 211, Sch. 21 para. 84(a), Sch. 23 (with ss. 29, 192, 193); S.I. 2009/3250, art. 2(h)(i)(viii)(aa) (with art. 9) 18 The statutory duty. F2. Textual Amendments F2 S. 18 repealed (1.1.2010) by Legal Services Act 2007 (c. 29), ss. 208, 210, 211, Sch. 21 para. 84(b), Sch. 23 (with ss. 29, 192, 193); S.I. 2009/3250, art. 2(h)(i)(viii)(aa) (with art. 9) 2 Courts and Legal Services Act 1990 (c. 41) Part II – Legal Services Document Generated: 2021-09-16 Status: This version of this part contains provisions that are prospective.