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1 the Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project ASSISTANT SECRETARY CHESTER ARTHUR CR

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1 the Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project ASSISTANT SECRETARY CHESTER ARTHUR CR The Association for Diplomatic Studies and Training Foreign Affairs Oral History Project ASSISTANT SECRETARY CHESTER ARTHUR CROCKER Interviewed by: Charles Stuart Kennedy Initial Interview date: June 5, 2006 Copyright 2011 ADST TABLE OF CONTENTS Background Born and raised in New York Ohio State University, School of Advanced International Studies 9 (SAIS) ews Editor, frica Report Colonial Africa ational Security Council ( SC) 19,0.19,2 Henry 0issinger1s use of SC Planning an Coordination 2roup Operations ational Security Strategy 3emoranda i4on Doctrine Congo Soviet Union Africa Ale4ander Haig SC as watch.dog Persian 2ulf 5ilsonian policy Personnel Intelligence 2eorgetown University School of Foreign Service6 Director 19,2.19,, of 2raduate Program, 3aster of Science in Foreign Service Course of study Peter 0rogh Research The Use of Force in Foreign Policy Soviets Institute for the Study of Diplomacy Africa1s minerals Center for Strategic and International Studies (CSIS) 1 Cold 5ar in Africa African liberation movements President 2eorge Bush President Ronald Reagan South Africa 9imbabwe State Department: Assistant Secretary for African Affairs 1981.1989 Confirmation hearings Selecting team members Lancaster House agreement amibia Use of =inherited diplomacy“ Sub.Sahara Africa Africa Front States British concerns Southern Africa Policy Senator Helms U Resolution 43A Dealing with Allies Secretary Haig European allies Trans.Africa South Africa Bill Casey U ITA (Angola Political OrganiBation) African Ambassadors U Security Council Ceane 0irkpatrick Communist States Constructive Engagement South African Establishment A C (African National Congress) Press briefings S5APO (Southwest Africa Peoples OrganiBation) 3oBambiDue 3ar4ist regimes and organiBations Libyan activity ordics France Horn of Africa Sudan Cubans 3PLA (Angola Political OrganiBation) Soviets in U Lusaka Accord 2 Clark Amendment African debts Paris Club Soviet leaders Chad Francophone states RE A3O (3oBambiDue Rebel 3ovement) FRELI3O (The Liberation Front of 3oBambiDue) South Africa sanctions Apartheid Reagan Africa policies Savimbi Congressional interest CAAA (Comprehensive Anti.Apartheid Act) British Secretary SchultB Samora 3achel P.5. Botha Personal attacks British coordination Cuban interest in talks Cubans forces in Angola US.Soviet issues Soviet negotiators Cuban military Cuban.South African clashes South African 5ithdrawal Treaty US Institute of Peace South Africa negotiations 2overnors Island London Cairo 2eneva Lake 2eorge egotiation issues Angola S5APO (South 5est Peoples OrganiBation) 2overnors Island, New York, Principles Russian negotiators BraBBaville Protocol Pan Am 103 U TA2 (United Nations Transition 2roup) State Department Africa 2roup composition French African bases Toyota 5ar 3iddle East Peace Process 3 Somalia USAID South African academicians 2eorgetown University INTERVIEW &: Let(s start at the beginning. When and where were you born? CROC0ER: Born in New York City, October 29 of 1941. &: Tell me a little bit about your family. Let(s ta-e your father(s side, sort of the Croc-er side, first, then we(ll move to your mother(s side. Where are they from and what do you -now about them? CROC0ER: Yeah, my father1s side is from New York, also, before that, from both Albany, ew York and ew England. And the Crocker side primarily from 3assachusetts, originally, going back to the 18th century and before. The Crockers came out of the western shires of the U0. People who were named Crocker made crockery in the old days. So that1s kind of the root of the word. &: What were the Croc-ers doing in Massachusetts? CROC0ER: They were into finance and trade and the church, a little bit. &: What church? CROC0ER: Baptist and then Episcopal. If you go way back you1ll find lots of Old Testament names in the Crocker lineages. And then on my father1s other side, the Albany types, the name up there was 3asten. Arthur 3asten was my father1s grandfather and he was the nephew of Chester Alan Arthur, the 19th century president. So the 3asten side is kind of Albany based and is important in my life because Albany was the jumping off place for the Adirondack 3ountains and I spent my youth, when I could get away from school, fishing in the Adirondacks and still have property up there that I like to visit in that wonderful part of the country. So those are the roots, on that side. On my mother1s side, her maiden name was Ferdi, as in 2iuseppe Ferdi, only not directly descended. &: Joe /reen. CROC0ER: Coe 2reen, e4actly, good old Coe 2reen. She also was a native of New York. Her father had come over at a very young age from Italy, so, more recent arrivals in the country. But I guess you1d have to say I1m a born and bred New Yorker. &: What line of business was your father in? 4 CROC0ER: He was an investment banker, working in a number of 5all Street firms and then retired at a fairly young age and became a fulltime environmentalist, a very, very active environmentalist in the New York area and was for some years the chairman of an upstate New York environmental activist group called the Association for the Protection of the Adirondacks. He stayed active in that until his dying days, which were actually just about a year and a half ago. &: Did you father go to college and all? CROC0ER: Yes, he was a Princeton grad and Harvard Business School. &: And your mother, was she active in affairs, or what was she? CROC0ER: I would describe her as e4posed to the arts and she adored high culture. She loved travel, music and foreign languages. Her father was a great collector of operatic music and other music, had a marvelous collection of old ,8s that I can still remember fiddling around with. She was an amateur singer, loved the opera and I think the arts were probably her main interest in life, apart from family. &: She go to college? CROC0ER: No, she did not. &: Then you grew up right in New 1or- City itself? CROC0ER: 2rew up in New York City and then moved to areas just outside it, in one case to a town called Suffern, New York, right on the New Cersey border, about thirty minutes or so from New York City. Today it1s probably longer, then it was thirty minutes. And then we also moved out to Long Island, which is where my father had grown up, near Oyster Bay, on the north shore of Long Island. &: Was your father, you mention 2yster Bay, at all, was there any contact of any nature between his love for the environment and Teddy Roosevelt? CROC0ER: Oh, I1m sure, I1m sure. In fact, the place in the Adirondacks that was in my family, had been in my family for some generations was a staging place when Teddy Roosevelt was informed that 3c0inley had been shot, he came down in a series of horse. pulled relays and they stayed, they switched horses at a place that is now a clubhouse where the family spends time. So I1m sure there was a TR link .. not a family link, just one talked about him reverently, at the family dinner table one talked about TR with great reverence. &: Spea-ing of family, you have brothers, sisters? CROC0ER: Two older sisters, yes. A &: As a small child, were you, what was sort of the family li-e? 1ou sit around the family dining table and tal- about things? CROC0ER: Yeah, I think the general ambience was that if children are going to be at the dinner table they better participate in the adult conversation or else shut up, because the adults were going to have a conversation. So, one learned at an early time about words and about messages and about speaking in whole sentences, maybe you could say. But the e4posures I really remember are not so much early childhood, being a young adolescent and then wanting to be able to communicate with adults at the table. &: Where did the family fall politically? CROC0ER: I think it1s fair to say that my father was throughout his life a ew York Republican, a Rockefeller Republican, if you like, not the kind we currently enjoy the leadership of but East Coast Republican, maybe a Hank Paulsen or Chuck Hagel Republican, to be up to date. There used to be a lot of Republicans on 5all Street and there still are some. &: 2ne thin-s about, for many years, Ja-e Javits and all of this CROC0ER: I would add, though, that that didn1t remain my dad1s political orientation as the party moved to the right. &: What about religion? Did religion play much of a role or not? CROC0ER: It was part of one1s e4perience as a child and as an adolescent, yes. 3y father, more than my mother, went to church on Sundays and made allusions, Biblical allusions and references were not uncommon in things that he would say, although they were very uncommon in things I might say. Brought up Episcopal and confirmed at a tender age, but, it1s derivative, I guess you could say. 3y religious e4perience is derivative of his, really and when I was at home, which was not all the time, he would go to church and he would ask if I wouldn1t like to come and join him and I sometimes did out of solidarity when I was a teenager, but it was really out of solidarity. &: Well then, where did you go to elementary school? CROC0ER: 5hile we were living in 3anhattan I went to a private school on the East Side of 3anhattan which was called Allen.Stevenson, which is still alive and kicking, which was in the upper Seventies, off Le4ington Avenue, roughly through fifth grade and then we moved and I went to public junior high school in Suffern, New York for a year and that was an interesting change of pace.
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