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Demographic, Socio ‐ Economic, Educational and Health Status of Muslim Community in the State of Maharashtra D. P. Singh, Ph.D. Professor & Chairperson Centre for Research Methodology Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Mumbai Preface To understand the situation of the Muslim community in the country the Government of India constituted a committee under the chairmanship of Justice Rajinder Sachar a retired Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of India. The Sachar Committee Report is based on an extensive study of factual data from different sources and it contains several well-thought recommendations to safeguard the interest of the community and to enhance its socio-economic conditions. The state of Maharashtra which has a sizeable population of Muslims, also felt the need to scientifically study the facts about the Muslim community in the state. The Government of Maharashtra which has always been pro-active to see welfare of every religious community and especially the minorities, set up a separate Minority Commission to protect the interest of the minority communities. Towards this end, the MSMC sponsored a study of which this is a report. I am grateful to the Maharashtra State Minority Commission for having provided me an opportunity and financial support to undertake this study. It is a moderate effort to compile and analyze and present some demographic, social, economic and health related information about the Muslim community in the state. The support and encouragement received from the Commission's secretary Mr. S. E. A. Hashmi was overwhelming and I express my gratitude to him and his colleagues. He did everything to help me to finish this report in spite of my delaying the report because of my other professional engagements. I also thank my colleagues Prof. Ranu Jain and Dr. Abdul Shaban for their help and encouragement in completing this report. Prof S. Parasuraman, Director and other administrative official of Tata Institute of Social Sciences have, as always, been supportive of my academic endeavours. Last but not the least, I am thankful to Ms. Kalpana Singh, Mr. Rakesh Kumar Yadav and Mr. Dharmendra Dubey for their technical assistance. A special thanks is due to Mrs. Princy Yesudian for editing the entire work and providing technical support. Any shortcoming in terms of analysis or error in this research or data, I alone take responsibility. D.P. Singh Professor and Chairperson Centre for Research Methodology Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Deonar, Mumbai 400 088 Email: [email protected] September 2011 i CONTENTS Page Preface i List of Tables and Figure iii 1. Chapter 1: Introduction 1 2. Chapter 2: Muslim Population Distribution and 7 Characteristics 3. Chapter 3: Educational conditions of Muslim in 31 Maharashtra 4. Chapter 4: Work, Employment and Wages 70 5. Chapter 5: Fertility, Mortality and Migration of Muslim 81 in Maharashtra 6. Chapter 6 : Health Condition of Muslim in Maharashtra 97 7. Chapter 7: Looking Forward 108 References 112 116 List of Tables Used for Analysis Appendix Tables 117 ii Tables Table 2.1: Percentage of Religious population in Maharashtra 8 Table 2.2: Percentage Decadal Growth Rate of different Religious groups in 9 Maharashtra : 1951-2001 Table 2.3: Spatial Distribution of the Muslim Population in Maharashtra: 11 1951-2001 Table 2.4: Population by Religious Community in Urban Agglomeration/Cities 16 of Maharashtra, 2001 Table 2.5: Age Sex distribution of Muslim Population in Maharashtra, 2001 18 census Table 2.6: Religion wise Sex ratio in Maharashtra: 1961 to 2001 22 Table 2.7: Religion wise Sex ratio in 0-6 year population in Maharashtra, 2001 23 Table 2.8: Dependency ratio Muslim, Hindu and total population of 24 Maharashtra and India, 2001 Table 2.9: Marital status Distribution of Muslim, Hindu and total population of 25 Maharashtra, 2001 Table 2.10: Religion wise age at marriage and percentage of currently married 26 persons below age 18 years Table 2.11: Household size in Rural, Urban and All areas by Religion wise in 27 Maharashtra, 2001 Table 2.12: Literacy Rate among different religious groups in Maharashtra, 28 2001 census Table 2.13: Religion wise Work Participation Rate (Main and Marginal 29 workers) in Maharashtra, 2001 census Table 3.1: Literacy rate in Maharashtra among Muslim, Hindu and other 32 Religion Table 3.2: Literacy rate in Maharashtra among Muslim, Hindu and other 33 Religion in Rural and Urban areas Table 3.4: Literacy rate by age groups and gender among Muslim and total 36 population in Rural and Urban areas, Maharashtra, 2001 Table 3.5: Gender-wise Literacy rate in rural and urban areas of Maharashtra 37 for all ages, 2004-05 and 2007-08 Table 3.6: Religion-wise Literacy rate in rural and urban areas of Maharashtra 37 by Gender for all ages, 2007-08 Table 3.7: Gender-wise Literacy rate in rural and urban areas of Maharashtra 39 for ages 7 years and above, 2007-08 Table 3.8: Religion-wise Literacy rate in rural and urban areas of Maharashtra 39 by gender for ages 7 years and above, 2007-08 Table 3.9.1: Percent distribution of ever - married women by their opinion on 40 how much education should be given to Girls according to residence and religion, Maharashtra, NFHS 1998-99 Table 3.9.2: Percent distribution of ever - married women by their opinion on 41 how much education should be given to Boys according to residence and religion, Maharashtra, NFHS 1998-99 Table 3.10.1: Religion-wise Educational Attainment in rural and urban areas of 42 iii Maharashtra for ages 7 years and above, 2007-08 Table 3.10.1: Religion-wise Educational Attainment of Male and Female in 43 rural areas of Maharashtra for ages 7 years and above, 2007-08 Table 3.10.3: Religion-wise Educational Attainment of Male and Female in 44 Urban Areas of Maharashtra for ages 7 years and above, 2007-08 Table 3.11: Percentage of population in the age-group 5-29 years and the 45 proportion of persons currently attending in the age-group 5-29 years, Maharashtra 2007-08 Table 3.12: Percentage distribution of persons of age 5-29 years by current 46 attendance status Maharashtra Table 3.13: Percentage distribution of persons of age 5-29 years by current 47 enrolment and attendance status in educational institutions Table 3.14: Percentage distribution of persons of age 5-29 years by current 48 enrolment and attendance status in educational institutions for each religion Table 3.15: Percentage distribution of persons of age 5-29 years by current 49 enrolment and attendance status in educational institutions Table 3.16: Percentage distribution of persons of age 5-29 years by medium of 50 instruction and religion by place of residence Table 3.17: Distribution type of current education by religious gorups 50 Table 3.18: Percentage of currently attending students aged 5-29 years getting 51 free education or exemption from tuition fees For Muslim and Hindu in rural and Urban area, Maharashtra, 2007-08 Table 3.19: Percentage receiving different types of incentives among students 52 of age 5-29 years Table 3.20: Gender-wise Percentage Distribution of persons aged 5-29 years 53 who currently not attending their last level of enrolment among Hindu and Muslim in Rural and Urban, Maharashtra, 2007-08 Table 3.21: Percentage reported to have completed Grade/Class among those 54 who reported to enrolled among currently not attending persons aged 5-29 years Table 3.22: Percentage distribution of those who currently not attending 54 Table 3.23: Percentage reported to have ever enrolled and completed among 55 those who reported to enrolled among currently not attending persons aged 5- 29 years Table 3.24: Average age of first enrollment, average age when 56 discontinued/dropped and Average grade/class completed before dropping Table 3.25: Reason for Never Enrolling/Discontinuing/Dropping out among 57 Muslim and Hindu in Maharashtra 2007-08 Table 4.1: Work Participation Rates of Workers by Sex, India 1901-2001 61 Table 4.2: Religion Wise Work Participation in Maharashtra (Main and 62 Marginal), 2001 census Table 4.3: Percentage Distribution of total workers according category of work 63 in Rural and Urban Areas, Maharashtra – 2001 Table 4.4: Main and Marginal Work Participation Rate in Maharashtra for 64 Muslim and Hindu population, 2001 census Table 4.5: Age-Sex specific Work Participation Rates of Muslim Workers 66 iv (Main and Marginal) in Rural and Urban Areas, Maharashtra, 2001 census Table 4.6: Age-Sex specific Work Participation Rates of Muslim Main 67 Workers in Rural and Urban Areas, Maharashtra, 2001 census Table 4.7: Age-Sex specific Work Participation Rates of Muslim Marginal 68 Workers in Rural and Urban Areas, Maharashtra, 2001 census Table 4.8: Percentage of Marginal and Non-Workers Seeking/Available for 69 work in Rural Areas, Maharashtra, 2001 Table 4.8: Percentage Marginal and Non-Workers Seeking/Available for work 70 in Urban Areas, Maharashtra, 2001 Table 4.10: Unemployment Rate according to Usual and subsidiary statuses 71 taken together for Muslim and Hindu in Maharashtra and India 2004-05 Table 4.11: Proportion of person in labour force according to Usual Principal 72 and subsidiary statuses taken together for Muslim and Hindu in Maharashtra and India 2004-05 Table 4.12: Proportion of person Employed according to Usual and subsidiary 73 statuses taken together for Muslim and Hindu in Maharashtra and India 2004- 05 Table 4.13: Distribution of Usual Principal Activity Workers in National 74 Industrial Classification-2004 in Rural and Urban Areas, Maharashtra, 2007-08 Table 4.14: Distribution of
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