Evaluation of Development Plans Towards Sustainable Urban Transportation: A Case Study of Metropolitan Region (PMR)

CODATU XV Conference Addis Ababa, Ethiopia 22nd-25th October 2012

K V Krishna Rao, Professor Transportation Systems Engineering Department of Civil Engineering Indian Institute of Technology Bombay (IITB) Outline

• Urbanization in India • Need for the study • Objectives of the study • Study area & Data set • Methodology • Travel Demand Modeling • Evaluation of Development Scenarios – Usual Land Use Scenario – Increasing FSI along proposed Metro corridor • Conclusion

October 31, 2012 2 Urbanization in India

• India is one of the fastest urbanizing country in the world at the moment • By 2030, about 41% of India's population is expected to reside in urban areas. (Source: UN State of the World Population report in 2007) Indian Cities and their Size Need for the Study

• Rapid growth in population and employment resulting in drastic increase in number of trips • Rapid growth of private vehicles and associated trips resulting in unsustainable transportation • Introduction of shared autorickshaws and increase in public transport fares leading to unsustainable growth • A very low modal share of public transport (13%) and hence an urgent need to augment the current transportation system with modern high capacity mass transit systems like metro, BRTS, Light rail, etc.

October 31, 2012 5 Objectives of the Study

• To understand the basic aspects of sustainable planning and transportation • Development of a complete GIS based transportation planning database for PMR – Highway network development – Transit network with all the existing and proposed PT routes • Implementation of the travel demand model in a state of the art transportation planning software CUBE Voyager platform • Evaluation of Development scenarios as proposed by Pune Municipal Corporation for the horizon years 2021 and 2031

October 31, 2012 6 Study Area • (PMR)

Area : 444 km2 Pop : 5.6 Million (2011)

October 31, 2012 7 Delineation

• Pune Metropolitan Region (PMR):

• Traffic Analysis Zones – 267 internal zones, 13 external zones o PMC - 144 zones o PCMC - 105 zones o Hinjewadi - 16 zones o Pune and • Screen Lines o along Mula – o along the existing Railway line • Planning Period o base year : 2008 o Forecasting years 2021 & 2031

October 31, 2012 8 Delineation PCMC (105 Zones)

Hinjewadi (16 Zones)

PMC (144 Zones)

(Source: Project, 2009)

October 31, 2012 9 Screen Lines and Outer Cordon Stations

Outer Cordon Stations

Screen Line 2 (Along Existing Railway Line)

Screen (Along Mula-Mutha River)

(Source: Pune Metro Project, 2009) October 31, 2012 10 Data Set

Growth of Vehicles in Pune 1.2

Two 1 Wheeler Car/ Jeep 0.8 Rickshaw

0.6 Commercial Vehicles

0.4 Bus

No. of No. Vehicles (million) Others 0.2 Total

0 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 Year As per 2007 data:

TW: 370 per 1000 people Cars: 71 per 1000 people Data Set

• Population

10 9,23

9 7,83 8

7 6 5,6 5 4 3,57 3 Population (millions) Population 2,24 2 1,59 1,08 0,77 1 0 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011 2021 2031 Year

October 31, 2012 12 Data Set

• Employment

Employment (Million) Region 2008 2021 2031

PMC 1.11 1.78 2.36 PCMC 0.54 1.26 1.89 Pune 0.04 0.05 0.05 Khadki Cantonment 0.04 0.05 0.05 Hinjewadi 0.25 0.39 0.5 Total 1.98 3.52 4.85

October 31, 2012 13 Data Set

• Traffic volume counts • Occupancy counts • O-D surveys • Home interview survey • Speed and delay survey • Stated preference survey

October 31, 2012 14 Modal Share in Pune City

Car 7% Walk 24%

TW Bicycle 39% 9% PT IPT 13% 8%

October 31, 2012 15 Methodology

Highway network GIS based Transport network development Transit network with all existing with all necessary attributes and proposed PT routes

Trip Generation

Implementation of Travel Demand Model in Trip Distribution CUBE Voyager platform Modal Split Trip Assignment

Evaluation of Development Scenarios for the 1. Usual Land Use Scenario horizon years 2021 and 2031 2. Increasing FSI along Metro Corridor

October 31, 2012 16 Highway Network

– length - 3596 km – 20,594 links

October 31, 2012 17 PT Route Coding

October 31, 2012 18 PT Route Coding

The coded Public Transport routes consist of:

• PMPML (Pune Mahanagar Parivahan Mahamandal Limited) Bus routes

• Intermediate Public Transport-IPT (Auto) routes

• Suburban rail routes • BRTS (Bus Rapid Transit System) routes • Shared liner routes (6 passenger autorickshaws) • Out station bus routes • Proposed Metro routes • Proposed Mono-rail routes

October 31, 2012 19

PT Routes Network

October 31, 2012 20 Transport Network Systems for Horizon Years

Year Transport Network Systems

 Bus routes (363 routes) 2008  Suburban rail route  BRT route (--)

 Bus routes  Suburban rail route 2021 &  Proposed BRT routes 2031  Proposed Monorail route  Proposed Metro routes

October 31, 2012 21 Horizon Year Network Proposed BRTS Proposed Monorail Proposed Metro

October 31, 2012 22 Travel Demand Modeling

October 31, 2012 23 Four Stage Model Parameters

Trip Generation Trip Distribution Category Trip Productions Trip Attractions α β Car Owning Group 0.58 x POP_hig 1.45 x EMP+0.12 x STEN -2.09557 -0.0001819 Two Wheeler Owning Group 0.58 x POP_mig 1.28 x EMP+0.1 x STEN -1.07986 -0.0236587 No Vehicle Group 0.58 x POP_lig 1.18 x EMP -0.897392 -0.0255572

Category Modal Split Equation Trip Assignment

Car Owning Group a) Ucar = -0.0004147*TT-0.001059*TC+0.5425 VOT VOC MODE (Rs/Hr) (Rs/ Km) b) U2W = -0.0004147*TT-0.001059*TC+0.3125 PT 32 - c) UPT = -0.0004147*TT-0.001059*TC-0.03141*WT Two Wheeler 34 2

Two Wheeler a) U2W = -0.003475*TT-0.07817*TC+1.312 Car 107 5

Owning group b) UPT = -0.003475*TT-0.07817*TC-0.00687*WT

• Speed flow equation:

Speed at Volume V = Free flow speed Vf (1 – alpa (v/c)^beta)

October 31, 2012 24

Evaluation of Development Scenarios

Usual Land Use Scenario (Scenario 1): With the prevailing land use pattern (base year is taken as 2008) traffic is forecasted for the horizon years 2021 and 2031 with different transportation network systems. The different transportation systems considered for the horizon years in both the scenario1 and scenario 2 include metro, monorail and BRT corridors

Increasing Floor Space Index (FSI) along Metro corridor (Scenario 2): Increasing the FSI to 4 along the Metro corridors (for 500m on both sides) for the years 2021 and 2031, the traffic is forecasted and compared with the usual land use scenario (Scenario 1).

October 31, 2012 25

Results

Usual Land Use Scenario (Scenario 1) Comparison of Percentage Share of Public and Private Transport

2008 2021 2031

% PT Share 32.2% 48.5% 49.5%

% PV Share 67.8% 51.5% 50.5%

October 31, 2012 26 Results

Comparison of Average Trip Lengths for Scenario 1 and Scenario 2

2021 2031 Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 1 Scenario 2 (Usual (Increasing (Usual Land (Increasing Land Use) FSI) Use) FSI) Average Trip Length in terms of travel time (in minutes) No vehicle group 33.8 25.7 34.6 26.6 TW owning group 35.7 26.5 36.5 27.3 Car owning group 34.4 25.5 35.2 25.7

October 31, 2012 27 Results

Trip length frequency distribution graphs for different income groups (2021)

October 31, 2012 28 Conclusion • Considering the accelerated growth in population and the potential of future growth of Pune Metropolitan Region, implementation of land use and transport policies is of paramount importance

• Considering the concept of sustainable urban transportation, implementing high capacity transit systems in a phased manner with appropriate last mile connections and appropriate transit oriented development schemes becomes the need of the hour

• A scenario based approach was used to evaluate the development plans considered for the future years with the help a travel demand model. October 31, 2012 29

Conclusion

• In Scenario 1, the share of public transport has increased to nearly 50% for the horizon years. • In Scenario 2: • there is a reduction of 25% in the average trip length • the boardings on Metro have increased. • Increasing FSI along metro corridor will surely help rather than developing the city outwards. • Transit oriented development, i.e., densification along with new public transportation infrastructure like metro can lead to a sustainable development.

October 31, 2012 30

Thank You

October 31, 2012 31