REGISTER OF HERTIAGE PLACES ASSESSMENT DOCUMENTATION 11. ASSESSMENT OF CULTURAL HERITAGE SIGNIFICANCE The criteria adopted by the Heritage Council in November 1996 have been used to determine the cultural heritage significance of the place. PRINCIPAL AUSTRALIAN HISTORIC THEME(S) • 2.4.2 Migrating to Australia to seek opportunity • 3.26.1 Providing medical and dental services • 5.6 Working in the home • 8.10.4 Designing and building fine buildings • 8.13 Living in cities and suburbs HERITAGE COUNCIL OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA THEME(S) • 104 Land allocation and subdivision • 306 Domestic activities • 308 Commercial & service industries • 404 Community services and activities • 603 Local heroes and battlers 11. 1 AESTHETIC VALUE* Macaulay House, Cottesloe is an excellent, substantial example of a two-storey residence in the Federation Filigree style that has retained many of its original features. (Criterion 1.1) Macaulay House, Cottesloe is a landmark in Cottesloe due to its scale and prominent location. (Criterion 1.3) Macaulay House, Cottesloe, together with the adjacent two-storey houses at 64- 68 Forrest Street, form a collection of early limestone and iron houses that characterised the dwellings of wealthy Cottesloe residents in the Federation period (Criterion 1.3 & 1.4) 11. 2. HISTORIC VALUE * For consistency, all references to architectural style are taken from Apperly, R., Irving, R., Reynolds, P. A Pictorial Guide to Identifying Australian Architecture. Styles and Terms from 1788 to the Present, Angus and Robertson, North Ryde, 1989. For consistency, all references to garden and landscape types and styles are taken from Ramsay, J. Parks, Gardens and Special Trees: A Classification and Assessment Method for the Register of the National Estate, Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra, 1991, with additional reference to Richards, O. Theoretical Framework for Designed Landscapes in WA, unpublished report, 1997. 1 Register of Heritage Places Macaulay House, Cottesloe 28 January 2011 Macaulay House, was one of the earliest residences built in Cottesloe at the end of the nineteenth and beginning of the twentieth century when the area was making the transition from being predominantly a destination for visitors and holiday-makers to becoming a suburb attracting permanent residents. (Criterion 2.1) Macaulay House, Cottesloe, both in terms of design and scale, is an early example of the type of substantial and grand residence that became increasingly prevalent in Cottesloe as it was settled by some of Perth’s most prominent citizens and developed a reputation as a prestigious suburb. (Criterion 2.1) 2 Register of Heritage Places Macaulay House, Cottesloe 28 January 2011 Macaulay House, Cottesloe was constructed for Dr Samuel Macaulay, a prominent ear, nose and throat surgeon in Western Australia, Honorary Surgeon to the Deaf and Dumb Institution of Western Australia and the Convalescent Home, and a founding member of both the Perth YMCA and St Columba’s Presbyterian Church Peppermint Grove. (Criterion 2.3) 11. 3. SCIENTIFIC VALUE --- 11. 4. SOCIAL VALUE Macaulay House, Cottesloe is a prominent and well known house in the Town of Cottesloe, situated on the main pedestrian access between Cottelsoe Beach and the train station, and contributes to the local and wider community’s sense of place as one of the grand residences that characterise the area. (Criterion 4.2) 12. DEGREE OF SIGNIFICANCE 12. 1. RARITY Macaulay House, Cottesloe is rare as an example of a two-storey brick and iron residence in the Federation Filigree style. (Criterion 5.1) 12. 2 REPRESENTATIVENESS Macaulay House, Cottesloe is characteristic of the substantial and grand residences that were constructed in Cottesloe in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century in line with the prestige of the suburb and the families that settled there. (Criterion 6.1) Although no longer functioning as a surgery, Macaulay House, Cottesloe still demonstrates in its design the attributes of the former surgery making it representative of a surgery/residence and a way of life that is not as commonly practiced today. (Criterion 6.2) 12. 3 CONDITION Macaulay House, Cottesloe is in excellent condition, having had works to maintain and conserve the place undertaken during the late twentieth century. Recent maintenance and improvements to Macaulay House were undertaken by the present owners (in 2010). 12. 4 INTEGRITY Macaulay House, Cottesloe has high integrity. It continues to be used for its primary function, as a residence, although it no longer has the dual function of a Doctor’s surgery. 12. 5 AUTHENTICITY Macaulay House, Cottesloe has high authenticy. The place retains much of its original fabric, although it has proved difficult to determine if some ceiling roses and fire places have been added or modified. Some original fabric, such as the stained glass windows and doors to the surgery, are no longer in their original location or configuration, but have been retained. 3 Register of Heritage Places Macaulay House, Cottesloe 28 January 2011 13. SUPPORTING EVIDENCE The documentary evidence has been compiled by Helen Burgess, HCWA Historian. The physical evidence has been compiled by Penny O’Connor, Senior Conservation Officer, HCWA, with amendments and/or additions by HCWA staff and the Register Committee. 13. 1 DOCUMENTARY EVIDENCE Macaulay House, Cottesloe is a substantial two storey brick and iron house with two storey wrap around verandahs built in the Federation Filigree style set on a steeply sloping site overlooking Forrest Street. It was constructed for Dr Samuel Macaulay and his family c.1898. Macaulay House, Cottesloe is located in the Town of Cottesloe, on portion of Cottesloe Suburban Lot 47, with the house constructed over two Lots (Lots 99 and 100), and with the street address of 62 Forrest Street. Cottesloe was officially named in 1886 when the land was about to be subdivided. The name was taken from the title of Thomas Fremantle, ‘1st Baron Cottesloe, of Swanbourne and Hardwick’, who was Chief Secretary of Ireland in the mid nineteenth century. Thomas Fremantle was the elder brother of Captain Charles Fremantle, whose frigate, HMS Challenger was the first ship to arrive at the Swan River Colony in 1829.1 Prior to subdivision and naming, the area that became Cottesloe was essentially perceived as a vacant tract of Crown land between Perth and Fremantle. It contained little apart from a few homesteads and some industrial endeavours, such as stone quarrying and lime and coal burning. In the 1860s convict gangs constructed the Perth-Fremantle Road, which ran through the Cottesloe area, and from the late 1870s portions of land along the oceanfront were being reserved for public use to cater for the area’s growing appeal as a seaside holiday destination. However, little permanent settlement occurred in the area at this time, with the few buildings that were constructed being mostly temporary rental accommodation to service visitors and holiday- makers.2 The opening of the Fremantle to Guildford railway line in 1881 made the area more attractive and accessible to prospective permanent residents. However, by 1893, there were only around 20 families listed in the Post Office Directory as living in Cottesloe.3 It wasn’t until the 1890s, with the gold discoveries in Western Australia that residential development began to really accelerate in any significant way in Cottesloe.4 With significant wealth now present in the colony, Cottesloe’s attractive beachside and riverside location resulted in it becoming one of the more prestigious suburbs of Perth.5 The growth of the town of Cottesloe was also accelerated when, in 1895, the Western Australian Government granted £100 to 1 Marchant James, Ruth, Heritage of Pines: A History of the Town of Cottesloe Western Australia, 1977, pp. 3. 2 Marchant James, Ruth, Heritage of Pines: A History of the Town of Cottesloe Western Australia, 1977, pp. 3, 15 & 16; & Erickson & Taylor with Griffiths, Philip, ‘Municipal Inventory Town of Cottesloe’, 1995, pp. 7-9. 3 Erickson & Taylor with Griffiths, Philip, ‘Municipal Inventory Town of Cottesloe’, 1995, p. 9. 4 Marchant James, Ruth, Heritage of Pines: A History of the Town of Cottesloe Western Australia, 1977, pp. 3, 15 & 16. 5 Marchant James, Ruth, Heritage of Pines: A History of the Town of Cottesloe Western Australia, 1977, pp. 7 & 15; and Kulahea (P03677) HCWA Assessment Documentation, September 2003, p. 3. 4 Register of Heritage Places Macaulay House, Cottesloe 28 January 2011 the improvement of the Perth-Fremantle Road and a further £100 toward its ongoing maintenance. This road improvement resulted in Cottesloe being much more accessible and attractive to potential permanent residents as well as still holding its appeal for traditional holiday-makers.6 Forrest Street, where Macaulay House, Cottesloe was built, was named after Sir John Forrest who, in his role as Surveyor General, in 1883 ‘was responsible for laying out of the streets and reserves in the district’.7 In the early 1890s, Forrest took possession of 5 acres of land on the corner of Forrest Street and the Esplanade.8 In 1891, Lots 99 and 100, upon which Macaulay House, Cottesloe was later to be built, were purchased by a Mr Reading, a policeman of Perth.9 In 1892, the adjacent Lots 96, 97 and 98 were purchased by James Mackey, Perth landowner, and later that same year David Mackey became the registered proprietor of this parcel of land.10 In 1895 Lots 99 and 100 were transferred to Arthur Illingworth, then in 1896