Ambrosiaster": a Fresh Suggestion
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Chrysostom and Augustine on the Sin of Adam and Its Consequences
"Chrysostom and Augustine on the Sin of Adam and its Consequences" A Study of Chrysostom's “Homily 10, On Romans” and Augustine's Interpretation of it in Contra Julianum by Fr. Panayiotis Papageorgiou, Ph.D. Presented at the Eleventh International Conference on Patristic Studies Oxford August 23, 1991 Published in the St. Vladimir's Theological Quarterly, Vol. 39 - No. 4, 1995 Introduction A detail, which for some may seem minor, regarding the meaning of “the sin of the first man” and its consequences, has separated the Eastern and Western theological traditions, from the time of St. Augustine. The majority of Eastern Fathers understood that the transgression of Adam caused the fall of humanity away from the grace of God, the introduction of death, pain, fear and suffering into our lives, and the introduction of the human defects1 into our nature.2 Augustine's understanding, on the other hand, was that all of the above are consequences of the fact that the sin of Adam and his guilt are transmitted, or propagated, through the act of procreation3 and are found in every person born. Hence, the sin of Adam defiles all humanity including children, who have no other sins of their own. Therefore, all human beings are condemned because of the sin of Adam (original sin), which they bring with them and for which they become responsible, unless they are baptized. Although, in his work Contra Julianum Pelagianum4 he examined some of the works of various Fathers, Eastern and Western, he still came to the conclusion that they all agreed with him. -
Jerome, Ambrose & the Latin West
Jerome, Ambrose & the Latin West 1. Rome & the Latin West in the 4th Century 2. Hilary of Poitiers: Texts, Translations & Studies 3. Marius Victorinus: Texts, Translations & Studies 4. Ambrosiaster: Texts, Translations & Studies 5. Rufinus of Aquileia: Texts, Translations & Studies 6. Jerome: Texts & Translations 7. Jerome: Studies 8. Ambrose: Texts & Translations 9. Ambrose: Studies 10. The Early Papacy: Studies 11. Leo the Great: Texts & Translations 12. Leo the Great: Studies 1. ROME & THE LATIN WEST IN THE 4TH CENTURY Peter Brown, Through the Eye of a Needle: Wealth, the Fall of Rome, and the Making of Christianity in the West, 350-550 AD (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2012). R. Curran, Pagan City and Christian Capital: Rome in the Fourth Century, Oxford Classical Monographs (New York: Oxford University Press, 2000). Bernard Green, Christianity in Ancient Rome: The First Three Centuries (New York: T&T Clark, 2010). Mark Humphries, Communities of the Blessed: Social Environment and Religious Change in Northern Italy: 200-400, Oxford Early Christian Studies (New York: Oxford University Press, 2000). Mark Humphries, “The West (1): Italy, Gaul, and Spain,” in The Oxford Handbook of Early Christian Studies, eds. Susan Ashbrook Harvey & David G. Hunter (New York: Oxford University Press, 2008), 283-302. 1 Bibliographies for Theology, compiled by William Harmless, S.J. Mark Humphries, “Italy, A.D. 425-605,” in Late Antiquity: Empire and Successors A.D. 425-600, eds. A. Cameron, B. Ward-Perkins, and M. Whitby, Cambridge Ancient History 14 (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2000), 525-551. Richard Krautheimer, Three Christian Capitals: Topography and Politics (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1983). -
Divine Acceptance of Sinners: Augustine's Doctrine Of
Perichoresis Volume 12. Issue 2 (2014): 163-184 DOI 10.2478/perc-2014-0010 DIVINE ACCEPTANCE OF SINNERS: AUGUSTINE ’S DOCTRINE OF JUSTIFICATION DONGSUN CHO * Southwestern Baptist Theological Seminary ABSTRACT. I argue that the bishop of Hippo taught sola fide , declarative justification, and the divine acceptance of sinners based on faith alone although he presented these pre-Reformational thoughts with strong emphasis on the necessity of growth in holiness (sanctification). Victorinus and Ambrosiaster already taught a Reformational doctrine of justification prior to Augustine in the fourth- century Latin Christianity. Therefore, the argument that sola fide and justification as an event did not exist before the sixteenth-century Reformation, and these thoughts were foreign to Augustine is not tenable. For Augustine, justification includes imputed righteousness by Christ ’s work, which can be appreciated by faith alone and inherent righteousness assisted by the Holy Spirit at the same time of forgiveness in justification. Nonetheless, the sole ground of the divine acceptance does not depend on inherent righteousness, which is real and to increase. The salvation of the confessing thief and the re- maining sinfulness of humanity after justification show Augustine that faith alone is the ground of God ’s acceptance of sinners. Augustine ’s relatively less frequent discussion of sola fide and declarative justification may be due to his need to reject the antinomian abusers who appealed to the Pauline un- derstanding of justification even when they do not have any intentional commitment to holiness after their confessions. Augustine ’s teaching on double righteousness shows considerable theological affinity with Bucer and Calvin who are accustomed to speak of justification in terms of double righteousness. -
Statement of Significance
A Translation, with Introductions and Notes, of Ambrosiaster’s Commentary on the Pauline Epistles Theodore de Bruyn, University of Ottawa, [email protected] Stephen Cooper, Franklin and Marshall College, [email protected] David G. Hunter, University of Kentucky, email forthcoming The aim of this project is to provide the first English translation of the Commentary on the Pauline Epistles, written by Ambrosiaster. “Ambrosiaster” (i.e., Pseudo-Ambrose) is the name coined in the sixteenth century to designate the author of the earliest complete commentary on the thirteen letters of Paul that had been widely attributed to the fourth-century Bishop Ambrose of Milan. The same author is now known to have also produced an extensive set of Questions on the Old and New Testaments, mistakenly ascribed in the Middle Ages to Augustine of Hippo. This anonymous biblical commentator flourished at Rome during the last decades of the fourth century and was most likely a member of the Roman clergy. It has long been acknowledged that Ambrosiaster’s commentary represents one of the finest products of biblical interpretation prior to the Reformation. The Pauline commentary was read with appreciation by numerous Latin writers, among them Augustine and Pelagius. Moreover, because of its attribution to Ambrose, the work exerted a significant influence during the Middle Ages, especially on the development of canon law (e.g., the Decretum of Gratian). Aside from its significance in the history of theology and exegesis, the commentary of Ambrosiaster is an important source of information on the social and religious history of fourth-century Rome. In the course of his discussions, Ambrosiaster commented on various heresies, relations between Christians and Jews, the survival of pagan rites and practices, the role of women in society, and the nature and variety of ecclesiastical offices. -
Did the Early Church Absolutely Forbid Remarriage After Divorce?
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Institutional Repository UCAM DID THE EARLY CHURCH ABSOLUTELY FORBID REMARRIAGE AFTER DIVORCE? Fecha de recepción: 13 de abril de 2018 / Fecha de aceptación: 6 de junio de 2018 David G. Hunter University of Kentucky [email protected] Abstract: The possibility to remarry in the Catholic Church is still a matter of intense debate, also in the Latin Church. The historical-juridical research about the discipline of remarriage in the pre-Augustine writings and tradition demonstrates that the teaching of the complete indissolubility of marriage wasn't accepted by everyone, not even in the Western Church. The comment of Ambrosiaster to the Pauline teaching, in fact, demonstrates that the possibility to remarry wasn’t always excluded, at least not until Augustin’s teaching became the dominant tradition in the West. Keywords: divorce; remarriage; indissolubility of marriage; Ambrosiaster; Augustine. Riassunto: La possibilità di seconde nozze nella Chiesa cattolica è ancora oggi oggetto di un intenso dibattito, anche nella Chiesa di rito latino. L’indagine storico- giuridica sulla disciplina delle seconde nozze nella scrittura e nella tradizione pre- Agostiniana dimostra che l’insegnamento dell’assoluta indissolubilità del matrimonio non era uniformemente accolta, anche nella Chiesa occidentale. Il commento di Ambrosiaster all’insegnamento paolino, infatti, dimostra che la possibilità di seconde nozze non era sempre esclusa, almeno fino a quando l’insegnamento di Agostino diventò la tradizione dominante in occidente. Parole chiave: divorzio; seconde nozze; indissolubilità del matrimonio; Ambrosiaster; Agostino. 46 David G. Hunter Introduction The starting point of this article is the well-known volume of essays that appeared just prior to the 2014 and 2015 synods on the family. -
University of Groningen the Apocryphal Acts of Paul and Thecla
University of Groningen The Apocryphal Acts of Paul And Thecla Bremmer, Jan N. IMPORTANT NOTE: You are advised to consult the publisher's version (publisher's PDF) if you wish to cite from it. Please check the document version below. Document Version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Publication date: 1996 Link to publication in University of Groningen/UMCG research database Citation for published version (APA): Bremmer, J. N. (1996). The Apocryphal Acts of Paul And Thecla. (2 ed.) Kok Pharos Publishers. Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download or to forward/distribute the text or part of it without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license (like Creative Commons). The publication may also be distributed here under the terms of Article 25fa of the Dutch Copyright Act, indicated by the “Taverne” license. More information can be found on the University of Groningen website: https://www.rug.nl/library/open-access/self-archiving-pure/taverne- amendment. Take-down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Downloaded from the University of Groningen/UMCG research database (Pure): http://www.rug.nl/research/portal. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to 10 maximum. Download date: 30-09-2021 VIII. The resurrection in the Acts of Paul PIETER J. LALLEMAN Professor W.C. van Unnik died in 1978, a few months before I started my studies of Theology in Utrecht University. -
On the Context and Development of Augustine's
Kazuhiko Demura Okayama, Japan [email protected] ON THE CONTEXT AND DEVELOPMENT OF AUGUSTINE’S EARLY COMMENTARIES ON THE PAULINE LETTERS Among the great number of le ers wri en in early Christian times, the le ers of St. Paul had the most signifi cant role and the greatest infl uence on the development of the Church, but their evaluation and interpretation diff ered from time to time throughout these early cen- turies. We learned about the reception of Pauline le ers in the fi rst and second centuries from Professor Manabu Tsuji’s opening lecture at the APECSS Conference in Sendai, 2009.1 We know that Pauline le ers were included into the Canon of the New Testament and read within Church communities; it can also be detected that Marcion, the Gnos- tics, and the Manicheans used Pauline le ers in order to support their dualistic perspective.2 In this developing period of the assessment of Paul, Origen of Alexandria had a decisive role in the fi rst half of the third century, exercising a strong infl uence on Athanasius of Alexan- dria in the early fourth century and on the establishment of the Canon of the New Testament.3 Here I would like to turn to the Latin West and to consider a re- markable fact, that the commentaries on the Pauline le ers were produced one a er another in the late fourth and early fi h century: Marius Victorinus, Ambrosiaster, Jerome, Tyconius as well as Rufi nus’ translation of Origen’s Commentaries on Romans were produced in this period. -
THE LATIN NEW TESTAMENT OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 1/12/2015, Spi OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 1/12/2015, Spi
OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 1/12/2015, SPi THE LATIN NEW TESTAMENT OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 1/12/2015, SPi OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 1/12/2015, SPi The Latin New Testament A Guide to its Early History, Texts, and Manuscripts H.A.G. HOUGHTON 1 OUP CORRECTED PROOF – FINAL, 14/2/2017, SPi 3 Great Clarendon Street, Oxford, OX2 6DP, United Kingdom Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and in certain other countries © H.A.G. Houghton 2016 The moral rights of the authors have been asserted First Edition published in 2016 Impression: 1 Some rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, for commercial purposes, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by licence or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights organization. This is an open access publication, available online and unless otherwise stated distributed under the terms of a Creative Commons Attribution –Non Commercial –No Derivatives 4.0 International licence (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0), a copy of which is available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016, United States of America British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Data available Library of Congress Control Number: 2015946703 ISBN 978–0–19–874473–3 Printed in Great Britain by Clays Ltd, St Ives plc Links to third party websites are provided by Oxford in good faith and for information only. -
The Ambrosiaster and Isaac the Con Verted Jew
368 THE AMBROSIASTER AND ISAAC THE CON VERTED JEW. THE commentary on St. Paul's Epistles, which is usually cited as "the Ambrosiaster" because it has been ascribed to St. Ambrose, is praised by Bishop Lightfoot 1 as " one of the best Latin commentaries." Some account, therefore, of recent researches into the mystery of its authorship cannot fail to be interesting to English readers. Once again it is Dom G. Morin, 0.S.B., to whose critical insight we owe the discovery of the probable author of the Te Deum, who has patiently studied this thorny question until a clue has presented itself, which seems to satisfy all the conditions of the problem. He has stated his theory 2 modestly. He claims only to have introduced into the famous debate, for the first time, certain coincidences of language between the writings of the Ambrosiaster and two treatises of Isaac the converted Jew, who was a contem porary of Damasus. But the argument, by which he proves that to accept Isaac as the author of the former would at once make plain mysterious characteristics in the internal evidence, will, we are confident, appear convincing to most readers. The suggestion has been lfiready ac cepted as a most happy discovery by Prof. Theodor Zahn,3 who is able to confirm it with an important quota tion from St. Jerome. Dom Morin assumes that the Ambrosiaster was also the author of the "Questions on the Old and New Testa ment," which have been wrongly attributed to St. Augus tine. There is abundant internal evidence to prove this. -
Original Sin"
Georgia State University ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University Religious Studies Honors Theses Department of Religious Studies Summer 6-17-2014 From Death to Depravity: How "Missing the Mark" Became "Original Sin" Grace A. Rivenbark Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/rs_hontheses Recommended Citation Rivenbark, Grace A., "From Death to Depravity: How "Missing the Mark" Became "Original Sin"." Thesis, Georgia State University, 2014. https://scholarworks.gsu.edu/rs_hontheses/8 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Department of Religious Studies at ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Religious Studies Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ Georgia State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. From Death To Depravity: How ‘Missing the Mark’ Became ‘Original Sin’ By Grace Anna Rivenbark Under the Direction of Louis A. Ruprecht Jr. ABSTRACT This reception history of “original sin” displays how the theological conception developed as an idea throughout Western Christianity. This paper performs a critical and in-depth reading of the creation story from Genesis 3 and provides six thematic questions that are discussed through the various interpretations of four major thinkers: Augustine of Hippo, Thomas Aquinas, Martin Luther, and Friedrich Nietzsche. These four thinkers show how “original sin” has never been as established or canonical within Western Christianity as many have characterized it. -
Augustine of Hippo and the Late Roman Slave Trade
Sold to Sin Through Origo: Augustine of Hippo and the late Roman Slave Trade Susanna ELM, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, USA ABSTRACT Toward the end of his life, Augustine of Hippo wrote two letters (10* abs 24*) to legal experts in which he reacted to recent attempts by slave-traders to sell 125 Roman North Africans ‘overseas’ as slaves. Prompted by the fact that members of his clergy had offered them refuge in the episcopal compound at Hippo, Augustine sought to clarify the actual personal legal status of these men, women and children. Were they slaves, coloni, or illegally captured free Roman citizens? What were their actual temporal, legal, personal conditions? Such concerns surrounding the condicio hominum tempo ralis, brought to light as a result of selling human beings, and their relevance and ramifications for Augustine’s thoughts and actions, especially with regard to the sin to which we are sold per originem of the First Man, are the focus of my remarks. On June 3, 1870, the steamship Mars of the Austrian Lloyd, operating out of Trieste, docked at Smyrna (today’s Izmir) en route from Alexandria to Constantinople. Though Smyrna was a regularly scheduled halt, that day proved to be anything but routine: the British consul insisted on searching the Mars for slaves. The Mars’ captain strenuously objected to such a search.1 Though not a lawyer, he confidently quoted the Austrian penal code of 1852 to assure the British consul ‘that there can be no slaves on an Austrian ship’, because whoever set foot on Austrian -
Ambrosiaster's Three Criteria of the True Text And
Ambrosiaster’s Three Criteria of the True Text and a Possible Fourth- Century Background for Codex Bezae’s Bilingual Tradition PETER E. LORENZ Codex Bezae’s distinctive text form has typically been viewed against the backdrop of the second century, with little attention given to its place in the late fourth-century context that gave rise to the manuscript’s production (circa 400). But given the remarkably close corroboration of at least three well-known Bezan characteristics with late fourth-century sources, this article suggests that period sources cannot be overlooked in reconstructions of Bezae’s context. As a case study, I examine Ambrosiaster’s remarks on the Old Latin version in his Commentary on Romans (5:14), noting how Ambrosiaster’s three “criteria” of the true text — reason, history, and authority — anticipate specific features of Bezae’s bilingual tradition. Since Ambrosiaster’s remarks in various ways prefigure Bezae’s own apparent outlook towards the Old Latin version, it is suggested that Bezae like Ambrosiaster might be viewed in a context that accords at least equal authority to the Old Latin version as to the Greek tradition. Since the nineteenth century, research on Codex Bezae has generally vi ewed its distincti ve bilingual Greek and Latin text of the gospels and Acts primarily as a product of the second century, whether on the basis of the free character of its text or certain parallels with second-century writers. In his notes on J. D. Michaelis’ Introduction to the New Testament, H. Marsh argues that 126 LORENZ AMBROSIASTER’S THREE CRITERIA OF THE TRUE TEXT..