2020 Planting Guide for a Successful 3-Season Pollinator Pantry Garden
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2020 Planting Guide for a Successful 3-Season Pollinator Pantry Garden Meet the Pollinator Ambassadors Pollinator insects and hummingbirds play an important role in our gardens and our food chain. There are many different pollinating creatures and all have their own way of carrying and transferring pollen. These primary groups are some of the easiest pollinators to attract, easiest to see, most efficient, most common, least aggressive or just fun to find and watch. Representing each group, we’ve nominated a Pollinator Ambassador to help introduce you to other lower profile members of its kind. Some pollinators have been studied and some we are still learning about but all are beneficial in many ways and are needed to pollinate plants and help create our food! Below are a few of our pollinator friends and some of the plants they love! For more plant suggestions, see our expanded list at: http://www.gatewaygardener.com/pollinators/2020-pollinator-planting-guide-expanded-plant-list Pollinator 3-Season Successional About These Pollinators Ambassadors Pollinator Plants SPRING All butterflies and skippers need Old Fashioned Lilac (Syringa vulgaris) certain food host plants while in cat- Lanceleaf coreopsis (Coreopsis lanceolata) erpillar stage that is particular to its Ninebark (Physocarpus opulifolius) Butterflies species. Adult butterflies and skip- and Skippers SUMMER pers have different reach capabili- Swamp milkweed (Asclepias incarnata) Blazing star (Liatris spicata) ties to drink nectar so different nectar Purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea) flowers have naturally customized FALL shapes to “fit” different butterflies and Garden phlox (Phlox paniculata) skippers. Smooth aster (Symphyotrichum laeve) Upright sedum (Hylotelephium spp.) The Ambassador Monarch Butterfly ANNUALS Blood flower (Asclepias curassavica) (Danaus plexippus) Caterpillars Lantana (Lantana camara) only eat milkweed (Asclepias spp.). Zinnia (Zinnia spp.) Nectar feeds many adult pollinators. SPRING Nectar moths are a group of moths Eastern Bee Balm (Monarda bradburiana) that drink nectar from flowers. Some American linden / Basswood (Tilia americana) visit gardens during the day and Wild petunia (Ruellia humilis) some are more likely to visit at dawn Nectar Moths SUMMER or dusk or even at night! They are of- Swamp Milkweed ( Asclepias incarnata) Blue star (Amsonia spp.) ten mistaken for hummingbirds. Sweet pepperbush (Clethra alnifolia) The Ambassador FALL Hummingbird Clearwing Moth Garden phlox (Phlox paniculata) (Hemaris thysbe) Caterpillar is cam- Smooth aster (Symphyotrichum laeve) Joe pye weed (Eutrochium spp.) ouflaged by its soft green coloring. When grown it drops to the ground ANNUALS Garden verbena (Verbena spp.) and spins its cocoon, blending in with Zinnia (Zinnia spp.) leaf litter till early spring when it be- Lantana (Lantana spp.) comes this charming pollinator! SPRING Hummingbirds are pollinators. They Indian pink (Spigelia marilandica) transport pollen primarily on their Wild columbine (Aquilegia canadensis) Red buckeye (Aesculus pavia) face and head feathers and are able to access the nectar of many deep Hummingbirds SUMMER Beardstongue (Penstemon digitalis) tubular flowers. Sweet pepperbush (Clethra alnifolia) The Ambassador Buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis) Ruby-throated Hummingbird FALL (Archilochus colubris) Since Joe pye weed (Eutrochium spp.) Blue sage (Salvia azurea) the Ruby-throated hummingbird Coral honeysuckle (Lonicera sempervirens) migrates and is the only reliably ANNUALS consistent hummingbird we have in Blood flower (Asclepias curassavica) Missouri it is its own ambassador for Hummingbird sage (Salvia coccinea) the Pollinator Pantry program. Bee flower (Cleome serrulata) Pollinator 3-Season Successional About These Pollinators Ambassadors Pollinator Plants SPRING Missouri has at least 6 species of Willow (Salix spp.) bumble bees (Bombus spp.) each Blue false indigo (Baptisia australis) with very subtle and distinct differ- Blueberries (Vaccinium spp.) Bumble Bees & ences The Eastern carpenter bee SUMMER Large Carpenter Bees Downy skullcap (Scutellaria incana) (Xylocopa virginica) is often mistak- Rose mallow (Hibiscus spp.) en for a bumble bee. Both are fairly Catmint (Nepeta spp.) docile creatures and in general are FALL too busy to care about people or ac- Ironweed (Vernonia spp.) tivities in the garden. Upright sedum (Hylotelephium spectabilis) Blue sage (Salvia azurea) The Ambassador ANNUALS Eastern Bumble Bee Bee flower (Cleome serrulata) (Bombus impatiens). Frequents Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) flowers for nectar and pollen all sea- Partridge pea (Chamaecrista fasciculata) son. SPRING Approximately 70% of bees nest in Bellwort (Uvularia grandiflora) the ground. Heavy mulching in the Flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) landscape restricts nest building op- Spicebush (Lindera benzoin) portunities. Their descriptive com- Ground Nesting Bees SUMMER Orange milkweed (Asclepias tuberosa) mon names such as digger bees, Mountain mint (Pycnanthemum spp.) bunny-hole bees, leafcutter bees, Prairie onion (Allium stellatum) mining and chimney bees used to FALL be part of our vegetable gardening Orange coneflower (Rudbeckia fulgida) vocabulary and need to be again! Willow-leafed Sunflower (Helianthus spp.) Oxeye sunflower (Heliopsis spp.) The Ambassador ANNUALS Digger/Mining Bees Lantana (Lantana spp.) (Andrena carlini) Bees emerge at Basil (Ocimum basilicum) times coinciding with the bloom pe- Verbena (Verbena spp.) riod of their primary food flowers. SPRING About 30% of all bees nest in cavi- Crabapple and Apple (Malus spp.) ties, usually pre-existing cavities Wild black cherry (Prunus spp.) Wild geranium (Geranium maculatum) such as woodpecker or beetle larva holes, dead hollow or pithy plant Cavity Nesting Bees SUMMER Fennel (Foeniculum spp.) stems, and reeds. These bees have Anise hyssop (Agastache foeniculum) a variety of nesting material prefer- Swamp milkweed (Asclepias incarnata) ences but many may consider using FALL some homemade bee housing or Smooth aster (Symphyotrichum laeve) some of the premade nest boxes. Orange coneflower (Rudbeckia fulgida) Ironweed (Vernonia spp.) The Ambassador ANNUALS Blue Orchard Bee Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) (Osmia lignaria). Excellent pollina- Partridge pea (Chamaecrista fasciculata) tor of many orchard crops as it is ac- Basil (Ocimum basilicum) tive during cloudy and cool weather. Certify Your Pollinator Pantry Habitat Garden he Pollinator Pantry program is an outreach education effort Tof the St. Louis County Parks, which is pleased to be a part of the national movement to protect pollinators and their habitats, promoting an appreciation of all pollinators through education, and the creation of healthy, safe and nurturing pollinator gardens. Now you can certify and register your garden as an official St. Pollinator 3-Season Successional About These Pollinators Ambassadors Pollinator Plants SPRING In North America all honey bees are Willow (Salix spp.) Lanceleaf coreopsis (Coreopsis lanceolata) members of the same species, Apis American linden / Basswood (Tilia americana) mellifera, also known as the Euro- Honey Bees SUMMER pean honey bee. They differ from Orange milkweed (Asclepias tuberosa) most other bees in that they are Purple coneflower (Echinacea purpurea) highly social with large numbers of Catmint (Nepeta spp.) bees living together and they are FALL true pollinator generalists. Joe pye weed (Eutrochium purpureum) Orange coneflower (Rudbeckia fulgida) The Ambassador Upright sedum (Hylotelephium spectabilis) European Honey Bee ANNUALS (Apis mellifera). The honey bee Basil (Ocimum basilicum) accounts for nearly 80% of all crops Blood flower (Asclepias curassavica) pollinated in the United States. Mexican Sunflower (Tithonia rotundifolia) SPRING Pollen-eating flower beetles pol- Flowering dogwood (Cornus florida) linate in the process of feeding. New jersey tea (Ceanothus americanus) Some have hard shells and covered Lanceleaf coreopsis (Coreopsis lanceolata) wings and many have a variety of Pollen Powered Flower Beetles SUMMER chemical defenses. The most com- Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) mon beetles are soldier beetles, Orange milkweed (Asclepias tuberosa) Sweetbay magnolia (Magnolia virginiana) long-horned beetles, leaf beetles and snout beetles. FALL Garden phlox (Phlox paniculata) The Ambassador Garden mum-single flower (Chrysanthemum spp.) Orange coneflower (Rudbeckia fulgida) Pink Ladybird Beetle (Coleomegilla maculata). Diet is ANNUALS Blood flower (Asclepias curassavica) 50% pollen and nectar (pollinating Dill (Anethum graveolens) in the process). A predator of many Basil (Ocimum basilicum) garden insect pests such as aphids. SPRING Bee mimics are harmless and valu- Lanceleaf coreopsis (Coreopsis lanceolata) able pollinators. Although they feed American linden / Basswood (Tilia americana) Blueberries (Vaccinium spp.) on nectar and pollen like a bee they Flower Flies do not sting or bite. Common bee (Bee Mimics) SUMMER Yarrow (Achillea millefolium) mimics are Syrphid flies, bee flies, Buttonbush (Cephalanthus occidentalis) Tachinid flies and thick-headed flies. Anise hyssop (Agastache foeniculum) The Ambassador FALL Hover Fly (Toxomeris spp.). These Orange coneflower (Rudbeckia fulgida) Upright sedum (Hylotelephium spectabilis) amazing bee mimics can “bee” rec- Smooth aster (Symphyotrichum laeve) ognized as true flies by their single ANNUALS pair of wings, short antennae and Dill (Anethum graveolens) fly-like compound eyes. Blood flower (Asclepias curassavica)