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The Jewish Journal Sociology U\jrjO CL-, THE JEWISH JOURNAL SOCIOLOGY EDITOR Morris Ginsberg MANA.GING EDITOR Maurice Freedman VOLUME SIX 1964 Published on behalf of the World Jewish Congress by William Heinemann Ltd, 15-16 Queen Street, London WI CONTENTS Books Received 151, 285 Measurement of Religious Obser- Chain Migration and Immigrant vance amongst Jews, The by - Groups, with Sptcial Reference Raphael Raymond V. Baron (Bar- to Australian Jewry by Charles On) 8, Price '57 Mr. Memmi onjewishness and the Chronicle rr, 287 Jews by Elie Kedourie 264 Defacement of a Ghetto Exhibi- New York's Jews by Lloyd P. Gartner 1 41 tion, The by H. Lever 213 Note on Argentine Jewry Today, Glasgow Jewish Schoolchildren A by Natan Lerner 75 - by Paul Vincent 220 Notes on the Jews of Turkey by iraqi Jewish Writer in the Holy J'faphtali Nathan 172 Land, An by Emile Marmorstein 91 Notes on Contributors. 152, 286 Jewish Population of Jerusalem, Patterns of Identification with the The, by 0. Schmelz 243 Jewish Community in the U.S.A. by Victor D. Sanua Jewish Population of Poland in . '90 Race in Britain by Robin Al. Wit- 1931, The by S. Bronsctejn 3 lianis, Jr. 135 Jewish Schooling in Great Britain Review of the European Jewish by Bernard Steinberg 52 Communities Today and Some Jews of Britain under Study,. The Questions for Tomorrow, .A by by Max Beloff 270 Morris Ginsberg 118 Kurt Blumenfeld on the Modern Social Topography of a London Jew and Zionism by Shaul Es/i 232 Congregation: The Bayswater Locating Minority Group Mem- Synagogue 1863-1963 by V. D. bers: Two British Surveys of Lipman 69 Jewish University Students by Southern Jews: The Two Com- Emanuel J. de KadI 30 murtities by Theodore Lowi 103 AUTHORS OF ARTICLES Baron (Bar-On), R. R. V. 81 Lipman, V. D. 69 Belofr, M. 270 Lowi, T. 103 Bronsztejn, S. 3 Marmorstein, E. 91 Esh, S. 232 Nathan, N. 172 Gartner, L. P. 141 Price, C. 157 Ginsberg, M. 'i8 Sanua, V. D. '90 Kadt, E. J. de 30 Schmelz, 0. 243 Kedourie, E. .264 Steinberg, B. 52 Lerner, N. 75 Vincent, P. 220 Lever, H. 213 Williams, R. M.,Jr. 135 AUTHORS OF SHORTER NOTICES Albrow, M. C. 283 Maybaum, I. 281 Carr-Saunders, A. M. 149 Nove, A. 149 Cohen, P. S. 149 Parkes,J. - 280 Finestein, I. 150 Prais, S. J. 146 Himmelweit, H. 147 Sharf, A. 280 Lissak, M. 282 Skolnick, J. H. 277 MacRae, D. G. 283 Watt, D. C. 279 Mason, P. 275 BOOKS REVIEWED Banton, M., The Policeman in the Janowitz, M., The Military in the Community 277 Political Development of New Na- Bermant, C., Jericho Sleep Alone 283 tions, An Essay in Comparative Braham, R. L. and Hauer, M. M., Analysis 282 Jews in the Communist World. A Konig, R. and Winckelmann, J., Bibliography 1945-1962 149 eds., Max Weber aim Gedöchtnis 283 Cahnman, W. J., ed., Intermarriage g Krausz, E., Leeds Jewry: Its History and Jewish Lj4: A Symposium '4 and Social Structure Davis, M., The Emergence of Con- '5° senjative Judaism 280 Marshall, R. H., Sociology at the Gould, J. and Esh, S., eds., Jewish Crossroads and Other Essays '48 LjTh in Modern Britain, Papers and Memmi, A., Portrait of a Jew 264 Proceedings of a Conference held at Musgrove, F., The Migratory Elite '49 University College London on let Parkes, J., Ant isernit inn 275 and 2nd April, 1962 by the Institute Patterson, S., Dark Strangers of Contemporary Jewry of the Hebrew '35 University, Jerusalem, under the Perry, T. W., Public Opinion, Pro- auspices of the Board of Deputies of paganda and Politics in Eighteenth- British Jews 270 Century England. A Study of the Jew Hessing, S., cii., Spinoza Festschrjft Bill of 1753 279 1632-1932 28' Rischin, M., The Promised City: Israel Annals of Psychiatry and Rela- New York's Jews 187o—s914 '4' ted Disciplines, Vol. 1, no. r 147 Zeman, Z. A. B., Nazi Propaganda 280 THE JEWISH JOURNAL OF SOCIOLOGY VOLUME VI NO. 1 JULY 1964 CONTENTS The Jewish Population of Poland in 1931 S. Bronsztejn 3 Locating Minority Group Members: Two British Surveys of Jewish University Students Emanuel 7. de Kadt 30 Jewish Schooling in Great Britain Bernard Steinberg 52 Social Topography of a Lbndon Congregation: The Bayswater Synagogue 1863-1963 V. D. Lipman 69 A Note on Argentine Jewry Today .J'Iatan Lerner 75 The Measurement of Religious Observance athongst Jews Raphael Raymond V. Baron (Bar-on) 81 An Iraqi Jewish Writer in the Holy Land Emile Alarmorstein 91 Southern Jews: The Two Communities Theodore Lowi 103 A Review of the European Jewish Communities Today and Some Questions for Tomorrow Morris Ginsberg 118 Chronicle 131 Book Reviews Race in Britain Robin M. Williams, Jr. ig, New York's Jews Lloyd P. Gartner 141 Shorter Notices - 146 Books Received . 151 Notes on Contributors 152 PUBLISHED TWICE YEARLY on behalf of the World Jewish Congress by William Heincmann Ltd, 15-16 Queen Street, London Wi Annual Subscription £i.i.o (post free)—Single Copies 12s 6d net Applications for subscription should be addressed to the Managing Editor, The Jewish Journal of Sociology, 55 New Cavendish Street, London Wi EDITOR Morris Ginsberg MANAGING EDITOR Maurice Freedman ADVISORY BOARD R. Bachi (Israel) Jacob Lestschinsky (Israel) André Chouraqui (France & Israel) Eugene Minkowski (France) S. N. Eisenstadt (Israel) Louis Rosenberg (Canada) Nathan Glazer (USA) H. L. Shapiro (USA) J. Katz (Israel) A. Steinberg (Britain) 0. Klineberg (USA) A. Tartakower (Israel) © THE WORLD JEWISH CONGRESS 1964 PRINTED IN GREAT BRITAIN BY BUTLER AND TANNFR LTD FROME AND LONDON THE JEWISH POPULATION OF POLAND IN 1931* S. Bronsztejn N THE 1930S Poland was one of the largest Jewish centres in the world: Polish Jewry came second only to the Jewish population of Jthe United States in absolute numbers, and to that of Palestine in relative numbers. This group and its problems were the subject of a number of academic studies and monographs, but the most thorough source of material about various aspects of Jewish life in Poland was provided by the two inter-war population censuses. The first of these was made in 1921, the second ten years later. The 1931 census was carried out in accordance with modern methods and the published results enable one to investigate various cross-sections of the different groups in the population, including the Jews. The final results of this census were published only in 1939, but Fogelson, Bern- stein, and Chmielewski had started on a detailed analysis of them before the actual outbreak of war.! The war interrupted this work and also made it impossible to carry out the resolution passed at the annual session of the Executive and Central Council of the Jewish Scientific Institute (YIVO) in Wilno in December 1938. This resolution had recommended that a group of ex- perts should prepare a statistical study under the title 'The Jews in Poland', to be based on the 1931 census. In the inter-war period much was written about the Jews in Poland. The literature ranged from serious academic studies by scholars of the calibre of Szulc, Schiper, Bornstein, Tartakower, and Leszczynski (Lestschinsky), to scurrilous publications whose value and objectivity is indicated by their tides: 'InJewish Bondage', 'The Restoration of Con- fidence and the De-Judaisation of Poland', 'How the Jews Dominate Us', and so on. Before 1939 there were vigorous protests from every liberal and pro- gressive quarter in Poland against the increase in antisemitic propa- ganda and incidents. These1 came from the representatives of different social strata: from peasant students in the Folk University on the one side and Professor Tadeusz Kotarbinski on the other; Adam Prochnik and Maria Dabrowska; Leon KruCzkowski and Bishop Chomyszyn. Translated from the Polish. S. BRONSZTEJN The political convictions of various groups in Polish society could be gauged by their attitude to the Jews. But little was known about the Jews themselves; Jaroslaw Iwaszkiewicz, an eminent Polish writer and a good friend of the Jewish people, made the apt comment: 'We lived with these people under the same roof for many centuries. Yet we knew them so little and saw them in a distorting mirror.' 1 On the twentieth anniversary of the Wilno resolution I undertook, so far as my modest means allowed, to carry out the wish of the last session of the YIVO Central Council to be held in Poland. It was my hope that the material assembled and analysed here on the demographic, occupa- aonal and social characteristics of Polish Jcwry in the inter-war period might be useful to students both of Jewish life and of the social and economic problems of pre-war Poland.' Poland between the wars was a plural state in which 'national minorities' (in the Polish usage) made up over one-third of the total population. Each national group differed considerably from the others in such features as the degree of territorial concentration, rural or urban residence, demographic processes, occupational, social and economic indices, and so on. If to these we add differences of religion and varying degrees in the operation of traditional forces, we can understand the psychological differences between the groups. The distinctive character of the Jewish population was developed over a thousand years of history. The long story of the Jews in Poland abounds in elements which link the two peoples inhabiting a common homeland: suffering and struggle, the poverty and insecurity of the immense majority of the working classes, periods of upsurge and de- cline; internal dissension and strife, mutual resentments and accusa- tions. All these elements are commonplace in every large human community in which national or ethnic groups are differentiated by class.
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