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Télécharger Le PDF Amélie BAYARD Hitchcock Biographie 13/08/1899 Naissance d’Alfred Hitchcock à Londres. 1926 Séjour à la UFA. Il signe son premier fi lm comme réalisateur. 1939 Hitchcock se fi xe aux États-Unis. 1950 Il produit et anime la série de télé- vision Alfred Hitchcock presents. 29/04/1980 Alfred Hitchcock meurt à Los Angeles. MEP BAYARD.indd 1 21/09/2012 11:42:01 Biographie 1899 Naissance, le 13 août, d’Alfred qui jouera un rôle important dans la car- Joseph Hitch cock à Leytonstone (Londres). rière d’Hitchcock, Charles Laughton, futur Son père est William Hitchcock, né le 4 interprète de Jamaica Inn et The Paradine septembre 1862, sa mère Emma Jane Whe- Case, George Cukor, Irving Thalberg, Ja- lan, d’origine irlandaise. Le grand-père mes Cagney, Hal B. Wallis et Charles Ben- maternel du jeune Hitchcock appartient à nett qui sera l’un des scénaristes réguliers la police. Alfred Hitchcock est le troisième d’Hitchcock. et dernier enfant du couple, après William, « Tout le monde est un peu “tordu”. Si né en 1890, et Eileen « Nellie », née le 14 l’on se penche sur le miroir, il y a toujours septembre 1892. William Hitchcock habite un refl et qui réfracte une cause. Mon père et tient un magasin de primeurs au 517 était un grand ner veux ; ma famille ado- High Road à Leytonstone, effec tuant par rait le théâtre. C’était, quand j’y pense, un ailleurs des ventes sur le marché de Covent petit groupe assez excentrique. J’ai profi té Garden. Alfred Hitchcock s’en souviendra de l’excentricité ; eux pas, voilà tout1.» sans doute lorsqu’il tournera Sabotage et Alfred Hitchcock Frenzy. La famille Hitchcock est catholique et va à l’église St. Francis de Stratford. 1900-1904 « Quand j’avais cinq Le 14 août, quelques heures seulement ans, un jour mon père me remit une note après la naissance d’Alfred Hitchcock, naî- que je devais donner à la station de po- tra Alma Reville, sa future femme. lice. Je l’apportai et je fus enfermé dans 1899 marque le début de la guerre des une cellule pendant dix minutes. Puis on Boers. C’est également l’année de la nais- m’ouvrit la cellule en me donnant cet aver- sance de Noel Coward, Sidney Bernstein, tissement : “Ton père a dit que tu étais un méchant garçon. C’est ce qui arrive aux méchants garçons !” Je me souviens en- core de cette expérience 2.» 1905 « J’étais ce qu’on appelle un en- fant sage. Dans les réunions familiales, je restais assis bien tranquille dans mon pe- tit coin, sans rien dire. Mais je regardais, j’observais, je stockais des images. C’est ressorti plus tard. J’ai toujours été comme ça, et je continue. J’étais le contraire d’ex- pansif ; je cachais bien ma petite excen- tricité personnelle. Très solitaire aussi. Je ne me souviens pas d’avoir eu jamais un compagnon de jeu. Je m’amusais tout seul, inventant mes jeux3.» Alfred Hitchcock 1906 « J’étais un enfant curieux de tout. Une des choses que je voulais sa- voir c’était ce qu’il y avait au bout de la ligne d’autobus. Un jour pour savoir, je Ci-dessus : Le jeune Alfred Hitchcock et son père pris l’autobus jusqu’au terminus. Les lignes William, devant le magasin familial de Leytonstone. 2 MEP BAYARD.indd 2 21/09/2012 11:42:02 Biographie s’ar-rêtaient dans un grand hangar. C’était tout ce que je voulais savoir. J’étais aus- si très curieux à propos des bateaux ! Je pouvais toujours savoir à la sil houette d’un bateau lequel il était, son nom et sa ligne ! J’avais une carte du monde dans ma cham- bre avec des petits drapeaux qui représen- taient chaque bateau dans un océan. » Cela m’a beaucoup appris en géographie. Je consultais heure après heure le Registre Lloyd de navigation ! » Il y a des années, en tournant Une femme dispa raît, nous étions dans le Train Bleu, entre Cannes et Mar- Ci-dessus : Le collège St. Ignatius, à Stamford Hill. seille. Il y avait un bateau en mer. Je le vis et je dis : “C’est le Volcania.” Et c’était Whitechapel, le quartier où sévissait Jack lui. Je m’en souvenais encore…4 » « J’ai l’éventreur. toujours eu la manie des voyages imaginai- res. Quand j’avais sept ans, je demandais 1910 Le jeune Alfred Hitchcock est des sous à mon père pour prendre le train inscrit au collège St. Ignatius de Stamford jusqu’au terminus ; et là, je rêvais : qu’y Hill, un établissement dirigé par les Jésui- avait-il au-delà ? Plus tard, ma lecture fa- tes. Il y sera du 5 octobre 1910 au 25 juillet vorite fut les indicateurs de chemin de fer 1913. et les brochures de Cook. Et j’allais com- « J’ai été pensionnaire très jeune. Je me cela de Moscou à Vladivostok. Encore revois sur la porte de l’institution la pla- aujourd’hui, je peux réciter tous les noms que noire et les lettres dorées : “Couvent de gares de l’Orient-Express5.» des fi dèles compagnons de Jésus”. C’était à Londres. Ma famille était catho lique. En 1907 La famille Hitchcock quitte le Angleterre, c’est une minorité. Pas tout à quartier de Leytonstone pour celui de Po- fait une excentricité, mais presque. Les plar. Il va à l’école des frères de Howrath. Jésuites… Là, je touche quelque chose de « En classe je travaillais bien. J’étais tou- pro-fond. La peur. C’est là qu’elle s’est for- jours deuxième ou troisième de la classe. tifi ée en moi. Peur morale : peur du mal, C’est beaucoup mieux que d’être premier. peur d’être associé à tout ce qui est “vi- Quand vous êtes pre mier les gens atten- lain” : je m’en suis toujours tenu à l’écart. dent trop de vous et puis la ten sion est Pourquoi ? Par peur physique, peut-être. trop grande ! Ils attendent que vous soyez J’avais la terreur des châtiments corpo- au sommet d’un bout à l’autre de votre rels. Cela fl attait en moi un certain sens vie6…» du drame. Il y avait la férule. Les Jésui- C’est l’année où Rudyard Kipling reçoit 1. Interview d’Alfred Hitchcock par Georges Belmont, 1960. le prix Nobel et où Baden Powell fonde le 2. « Le dé d’Alfred Hitchcock » par J. van Cottom, in Ciné-Revue, mouvement scout. 23 février 1978. Alfred Hitchcock 3. Interview d’Alfred Hitchcock par Georges Belmont, op. cit. 4. « Le dé d’Alfred Hitchcock » par J. van Cottom, op. cit. 1908-1909 La famille Hitchcock 5. Interview d’Alfred Hitchcock par Georges Belmont, op. cit. quitte le quartier de Poplar pour celui 6. « Le dé d’Alfred Hitchcock » par J. van Cottom, op. cit. de Stepney. Elle est désormais proche de 3 MEP BAYARD.indd 3 21/09/2012 11:42:02 Biographie tes l’emploient encore, je crois. C’était en tous été intéres sés par le crime en tant caoutchouc très dur. On ne l’administrait que source littéraire8.» pas comme ça. Non. C’était une sen tence qu’on exécutait. On vous disait de passer 1913 Alfred Hitchcock quitte le col- chez un prêtre, à la fi n de la journée. Ce lège St. Ignatius. prêtre couchait solennellement votre nom La Grande-Bretagne compte 3 500 sal- dans un registre, avec la mention du châti- les de cinéma ; il y en a 60 000 dans le ment. Tout le jour, en attendant le soir, on monde. vivait sous cette impression de condamna- tion à mort. Je revois les groupes devant 1914 Le jeune Hitchcock s’inscrit à la porte du prêtre, guettant la sortie du la School of Engineering and Navigation, cou pable, pour voir, à sa tête, comment il l’école des techniques de la navigation. Il avait pris ça. On aurait dit la foule, à la suit parallèlement des cours du soir à l’Uni- porte d’une prison, guettant l’écho du cou- versité de Londres. peret de la guillotine7.» Le 12 décembre William Hitchcock, le Mort du roi Edouard VII auquel succède père d’Al-fred, meurt. George V. Début de la première Guerre mondiale. Le docteur H. H. Crippen est pendu Premier bombardement de Londres le 4 pour le meurtre de sa femme. L’Angleterre octobre. se passionne pour cette affaire criminelle qui a vu Hawley Har vey Crippen empoison- 1915 Hitchcock est engagé dans la fa- ner son épouse Cora, la dépecer, la brûler brique de câbles Henley de W. T. Henley. Il et enterrer les morceaux calci nés du corps continue à suivre des cours du soir dans les dans le sous-sol de sa maison. Crip pen est domaines artistiques. ensuite parti pour les États-Unis à bord du Le Lusitania est coulé. Les troupes bri- S.S.Monrose avec sa maîtresse, Ethel Le tanniques évacuent Gallipoli ; l’expédition Neve, déguisée en jeune garçon. Le cou- des Dardanelles est un échec. ple avait été arrêté en mer. L’histoire de ce médecin assassin a tou jours passionné Hitchcock qui s’en inspira à diverses repri- 1916-1917Contrairement à ses ses (Fenêtre sur cour, Sueurs froides au ci- vœux, Hitchcock n’est pas pris pour l’ar- néma, Back for Christmas à la télévision). mée. Il rallie alors le corps de volontaires « On m’a souvent demandé “Pourquoi des Royal Engineers. avez-vous une prédilection pour le crime ?” Il suit les cours du dessinateur E.
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