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Mac OS X Server Advanced Server Administration Version 10.6 Snow Leopard % Apple Inc Mac OS X Server Advanced Server Administration Version 10.6 Snow Leopard % Apple Inc. Finder, QuickTime Broadcaster are trademarks of © 2009 Apple Inc. All rights reserved. Apple Inc. The owner or authorized user of a valid copy of This product includes BSD (4.4 Lite) developed by Mac OS X Server software may reproduce this the University of California, Berkeley, FreeBSD, Inc., publication for the purpose of learning to use such The NetBSD Foundation, Inc., and their respective software. No part of this publication may be reproduced contributors. or transmitted for commercial purposes, such as selling copies of this publication or for providing paid-for Intel, Intel Core, and Xeon are trademarks of Intel Corp. support services. in the U.S. and other countries. 'XGT[GÒQTVJCUDGGPOCFGVQGPUWTGVJCVVJG OpenSSL is software developed by the OpenSSL information in this manual is accurate. Apple is not Project for use in the OpenSSL Toolkit responsible for printing or clerical errors. (http://www.openssl.org/). Apple UNIX® is a registered trademark of The Open Group. +P°PKVG.QQR X Window System is a trademark of the Massachusetts Cupertino, CA 95014-2084 Institute of Technology. www.apple.com Other company and product names mentioned herein The Apple logo is a trademark of Apple Inc., registered are trademarks of their respective companies. Mention in the U.S. and other countries. Use of the “keyboard” of third-party products is for informational purposes Apple logo (Option-Shift-K) for commercial purposes only and constitutes neither an endorsement nor a without the prior written consent of Apple may recommendation. Apple assumes no responsibility with constitute trademark infringement and unfair regard to the performance or use of these products. competition in violation of federal and state laws. 019-1410/2009-08-15 Apple, the Apple logo, AirPort, AirPort Express, AirPort Extreme, Apple Remote Desktop, AppleScript, Bonjour, the Bonjour logo, iCal, iPod, iPhone, Mac, Macintosh, Mac OS, QuickTime, Safari, Snow Leopard, Tiger, Time Capsule, Time Machine, Xcode, Xgrid, Xsan, and Xserve are trademarks of Apple Inc., registered in the U.S. and other countries. Contents 11 Preface: About This Guide 11 What’s in This Guide 12 Using Onscreen Help 13 Document Road Map 14 Viewing PDF Guides Onscreen 14 Printing PDF Guides 15 Getting Documentation Updates 15 Getting Additional Information 16 Chapter 1: System Overview and Supported Standards 16 System Requirements for Installing Mac OS X Server v10.6 17 What’s New in Mac OS X Server v10.6 18 What’s New in Server Admin 18 7PFGTUVCPFKPI5GTXGT%QP°IWTCVKQP/GVJQFs 20 Supported Standards 23 Mac OS X Server’s UNIX Heritage 24 Chapter 2: Planning Server Usage 24 Determining Your Server Needs 25 Determining Whether to Upgrade or Migrate 25 Setting Up a Planning Team 26 Identifying Servers to Set Up 26 Determining Services to Host on Each Server 28 &G°PKPIC/KITCVKQP5VTCVGIy 28 Upgrading and Migrating from an Earlier Version of Mac OS X Server 28 Migrating from Windows 28 &G°PKPICP+PVGITCVKQP5VTCVGIy 29 &G°PKPI2J[UKECN+PHTCUVTWEVWTG4GSWKTGOGPVs 29 &G°PKPI5GTXGT5GVWR+PHTCUVTWEVWTG4GSWKTGOGPVs 31 Making Sure Required Server Hardware Is Available 31 Minimizing the Need to Relocate Servers After Setup 31 &G°PKPI$CEMWRCPF4GUVQTG2QNKEKGs 32 Understanding Backup and Restore Policies 3 33 Understanding Backup Types 34 Understanding Backup Scheduling 34 Understanding Restores 35 Other Backup Policy Considerations 36 Command-Line Backup and Restoration Tools 36 Understanding Time Machine as a Server Backup Tool 38 Chapter 3: Administration Tools 38 Server Admin 38 Opening and Authenticating in Server Admin 39 Server Admin Interface 40 Customizing the Server Admin Environment 41 Server Assistant 42 Server Preferences 42 Workgroup Manager 43 Workgroup Manager Interface 44 Customizing the Workgroup Manager Environment 44 Server Monitor 46 iCal Service Utility 46 iCal Service Utility Interface 47 System Image Management 47 Media Streaming Management 48 Command-Line Tools 48 Server Status Widget 48 RAID Admin 49 Podcast Capture, Composer, and Producer 49 Xgrid Admin 50 Apple Remote Desktop 51 Chapter 4: Enhancing Security 51 About Physical Security 52 About Network Security 52 Firewalls and Packet Filters 52 Network DMZ 53 VLANs 53 MAC Filtering 54 Transport Encryption 54 Payload Encryption 55 About File Security 55 File and Folder Permissions 55 About File Encryption 56 Secure Delete 56 About Authentication and Authorization 4 Contents 58 Single Sign-On 59 #DQWV%GTVK°ECVGU55.CPF2WDNKE-G[+PHTCUVTWEVWTe 59 Public and Private Keys 60 %GTVK°ECVGs 60 #DQWV%GTVK°ECVG#WVJQTKVKGU %#U) 61 About Identities 61 #DQWV5GNH5KIPGF%GTVK°ECVGs 61 About Intermediate Trust 62 %GTVK°ECVG/CPCIGTKP5GTXGT#FOKn 64 4GCF[KPI%GTVK°ECVGs 65 %TGCVKPIC5GNH5KIPGF%GTVK°ECVe 65 4GSWGUVKPIC%GTVK°ECVGHTQOC%GTVK°ECVG#WVJQTKVy 66 %TGCVKPIC%GTVK°ECVG#WVJQTKVy 68 7UKPIC%#VQ%TGCVGC%GTVK°ECVGHQT5QOGQPG'NUe 68 +ORQTVKPIC%GTVK°ECVG+FGPVKVy 69 /CPCIKPI%GTVK°ECVGs 69 'FKVKPIC%GTVK°ECVe 70 &KUVTKDWVKPIC%#2WDNKE%GTVK°ECVGVQ%NKGPVs 70 &GNGVKPIC%GTVK°ECVe 71 4GPGYKPICP'ZRKTKPI%GTVK°ECVe 71 4GRNCEKPICP'ZKUVKPI%GTVK°ECVe 71 7UKPI%GTVK°ECVGs 72 SSH and SSH Keys 72 Key-Based SSH Login 72 Generating a Key Pair for SSH 74 Administration Level Security 74 Setting Administration Level Privileges 75 Service Level Security 75 Setting SACL Permissions 76 Security Best Practices 77 Password Guidelines 78 Creating Complex Passwords 79 Chapter 5: Installation and Deployment 79 Installation Overview 81 System Requirements for Installing Mac OS X Server 81 *CTFYCTG5RGEK°E+PUVTWEVKQPUHQT+PUVCNNKPI/CE15:5GTXGr 81 Gathering the Information You Need 82 Setting Up Network Services 82 Connecting to the Directory During Installation 82 SSH During Installation 82 About the Server Install Disc 83 Preparing an Administrator Computer Contents 5 84 About Starting Up for Installation 84 Before Starting Up 85 Starting Up from the Install DVD 85 Starting Up from an Alternate Partition 88 Remotely Accessing the Install DVD 90 About Server Serial Numbers for Default Installation Passwords 90 Identifying Remote Servers When Installing Mac OS X Server 91 Starting Up from a NetBoot Environment 92 Preparing Disks for Installing Mac OS X Server 93 Choosing a File System 99 Installing Server Software Interactively 100 Installing Locally from the Installation Disc 101 Installing Remotely with Server Assistant 102 Installing Remotely with Screen Sharing and VNC 103 Changing a Remote Computer’s Startup Disk 104 Using the installer Command-Line Tool to Install Server Software 106 Installing Multiple Servers 107 Upgrading a Computer from Mac OS X to Mac OS X Server 107 How to Keep Current 108 Chapter 6: Initial Server Setup 108 Information You Need 108 Postponing Server Setup Following Installation 109 Connecting to the Network During Initial Server Setup 109 %QP°IWTKPI5GTXGTUYKVJ/WNVKRNG'VJGTPGV2QTVs 109 About Settings Established During Initial Server Setup 110 Specifying Initial Open Directory Usage 111 Not Changing Directory Usage When Upgrading 112 Setting Up a Server as a Standalone Server 112 Binding a Server to Multiple Directory Servers 113 Setting up Servers Interactively 115 Using Automatic Server Setup 116 Creating and Saving Setup Data 118 Using Encryption with Setup Data Files 118 How a Server Searches for Saved Setup Data Files 119 Setting Up Servers Automatically Using Data Saved in a File 120 Setting a Mac OS X Server Serial Number from the Command Line 121 Handling Setup Errors 122 Setting Up Services 122 Adding Services to the Server View 123 Setting Up Open Directory 123 Setting Up User Management 123 Setting Up All Other Services 6 Contents 124 Chapter 7: Ongoing System Management 124 Computers You Can Use to Administer a Server 124 Setting Up an Administrator Computer 125 Using a Non-Mac OS X Computer for Administration 126 Using the Administration Tools 126 Working with Pre-v10.6 Computers from v10.6 Servers 127 Ports Used for Administration 127 Ports Open By Default 128 Server Admin Basics 128 Adding and Removing Servers in Server Admin 129 Grouping Servers Manually 129 Grouping Servers Using Smart Groups 130 9QTMKPIYKVJ5GVVKPIUHQTC5RGEK°E5GTXGr 132 Understanding Changes to the Server IP Address or Network Identity 133 Understanding Mac OS X Server Names 133 Understanding IP Address or Network Identity Changes on Infrastructure Services 136 Understanding IP Address or Network Identity Changes on Web and Wiki Services 137 Understanding IP Address or Network Identity Changes on File Services 138 Understanding IP Address or Network Identity Changes on Mail Services 139 Understanding IP Address or Network Identity Changes on Collaboration Services 141 Understanding IP Address or Network Identity Changes on Podcast Producer 142 Understanding IP Address or Network Identity Changes on Other Services 144 Changing the IP Address of a Server 144 Changing the Server’s DNS Name After Setup 144 Changing the Server’s Computer Name and the Local Hostname 145 Administering Services 146 Adding and Removing Services in Server Admin 146 Importing and Exporting Service Settings 147 Controlling Access to Services 148 Using SSL for Remote Server Administration 148 Managing Sharing 149 Tiered Administration Permissions 150 &G°PKPI#FOKPKUVTCVKXG2GTOKUUKQPs 150 Workgroup Manager Basics 151 Opening and Authenticating in Workgroup Manager 151 Administering Accounts 151 Working with Users and Groups 153 &G°PKPI/CPCIGF2TGHGTGPEGs 154 Working with Directory Data 154 Customizing the Workgroup Manager Environment
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