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Lower Stikine and Western Iskut River Areas, British Columbia

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CANADA DEPARTMENT OF MINES AND RESOURCES MI~TES AND GEOLOGY BRANCH BUREAU OF GEOLOGY AND TOPOGRAPHY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MEMOIR 246 LOWER STIKINE AND WESTERN ISKUT ) RIVER AREAS, BRITISH COLUMBIA BY F. A. Kerr (Compiled by H. C. Cooke) OTTAWA EDMOND CLOUTIER, C.M.G., B.A., L.Ph., KING'S PRINTER AND CONTROLLER OF TATIO~ERY 1948 Price, 25 cents No. 2482 PLATE I Vie"" "' u t hw c "l~rh· OYer junct ion nf S tik inl' a nd I skut R i1·er' past outlE't of Great Glneicr in St ik.inc Valle.c Photo b y "Cnitcd State,: Arrn.1·. ]!)41. (P a)!c 16.) CANADA DEPARTMENT OF MINES AND RESOURCES MINES AND GEOLOGY BRANCH BUREAU OF GEOLOGY AND TOPOGRAPHY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MEMOIR 246 LOWER STIKINE AND WESTERN ISKUT RIVER AREAS, BRITISH COLUMBIA BY F. A. Kerr (Compiled by H. C. Cooke) OTI'AWA EDMOND CLOUTIER, C.M.G., B.A., L.Pb., KING'S PRINTE R AND CONTROLLER OF STATIONERY 1948 Price, 25 cents. No. 2482 CONTENTS PAGE Preface......................................................................... vii CHAPTER I Introduction.......................... .. ................ .. .................. ... 1 General statement........................................................... 1 Location and access. 1 Stikine River ...................· . 2 Iskut River. 4 Chutine River . 4 Scud River. 4 Porcupine and Craig Rivers... ............................................ 4 Other methods of travel...... ... .. .......... .... ......... ........... 5 Settlement............ ......................... .. .... 5 Climate..... ...... .... .. .. ........... .. ............................ ... 6 Vegetation..... .. ................. .. ...................................... 6 Game and fish. ... 7 Water power........ ... .. ........ ... ...... ............................. 8 Pictographs................. ... .. .. ............................... .. ....... 8 Prehistoric cairns..... ..... .. 8 History of mining and prospecting..... ................................ .... .. 9 Acknowledgments............................................... .. ..... .... 10 Bibliography. 10 CHAPTER II Physical features................................................................ 12 Introduction. 12 Coast Mountains......... .. .................. ..... ...................... 12 Stikine Valley. 13 Terraces. 15 Cirques................................................. ............ .. .... 15 Glaciers... .. .................................... .... ... ... ... .. .. ...... 15 Great Glacier.. 16 Flood Glacier. 18 Mud, Porcupine, Patmore, Choquette, Hoodoo, Twin, Bronson, and Kirk Creek Glaciers ............. ................................ ...... .. .. ... 18, 19 Hot springs.............................. ......... ................ ....... 19 CHAPTER III General geology. 21 Table of formations. 21 Sedimentary and volcanic rocks. .................... ....... .. .. .. .. .. .. 22 Pre-Permian.............. .. ........................... .. .. .. .... .. ... 22 Permian..... 24 Permian or Triassic......................................................... 26 Triassic. 27 Volcanic group................. ............... ......... ............... 27 Sedimentary group...................................................... 29 Jurassic.... ............................................................... 30 Jurassic or Cretaceous.............. .. ................ ............ ........... 32 Upper Cretaceous............. .............................................. 33 Helveker volcanic rocks. 36 Eocene ................................................ , . 37 Quaternary. 39 Volcanic rocks. 39 Stikine lavas. ............ ...... ................................... 39 Iskut River Java. ... ............................................... 40 Hoodoo lavas... 41 Other possibly recent igneous rocks . 45 Glaciation and glacial deposits .. ...... .... .. ... .. ...... : . 45 lll lV CHAPTER III-Concluded General geology-concluded PAGE Intrusive rocks ................ .. .... ... .................................... 47 Diorite ................................................................ 48 Orthoclase porphyry ..... ..... .. .. .......... .... ........... .... 49 Bronson Creek mass ................................................ 49 Iskut mass ........................................................ 50 Craig mass . .... .. ..... ..... .. .. .. ... ...... .. .... .... ... ....... 50 Zippa mass ........................................................ 51 Hoodoo and Butterfly Creek masses .. .. ..... .... .... ..... .. ......... 51 Shakes Creek mass ... ........... ... .. ...... .. ...... ... ........... 52 Other porphyry masses ........ .... .. ........ ..... .. ...... .. .. 53 Hornblende granodiorite ......... ......... .. ... .. .... .......... .. ... 53 Older type ......................................................... 54 Younger type ...................................................... 55 Oligoclase granodiorite . .. ... .. ........ ......... .. ...... ..... ........ 57 Y ehiniko mass . .... ...... .. .... .............. ..... .. ... ........... 57 Kahtate mass ................... .................................. 58 Stikine mass ....................................................... 59 Quartz diorite .......................................................... 59 Biotite granodiorite ................ ... .. .... ........ ... ............. 61 63 ~~~~~zi:~~~~~~::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::::: 66 CHAPTER IV Economic geology. 70 General statement.............................. 70 Deposits associated with orthoclase porphyry. 71 Deposits associated with the younger hornblende granodiorite............. 72 Devils Elbow deposits.. .... .. .. ...... ...... ...... ................. ... 72 Apex claims........ ........ .. .. 73 Drapich claims.... ... .... .. .............. ............................. 73 Other occurrences.. .... 74 Deposits associated with the older oligoclase granodiorite......................... 74 Callbreath claim . 74 Nightout-Tsikhini Creeks deposit....... 74 Other deposits......... ......... ... .......... 74 Winter Creek . ......... ...... .... ....... ... ...... ... .... .. .. .... .. 74 Limpoke claims.. ... ... .... ... ... .. 75 August claim. ........ ... .... .... 75 Mountain Goat claim.................................................... 76 Jackson and Lady Jane claims.. ............. .... .. ....... .............. 76 Johnson Creek................. 77 Mineral occurrences.............................. 78 Placer deposits.... .. .... ........ 78 Barrington River deposits.... 79 Stikine River placers:. ...... .. ......... .... .. 80 APPENDIX Fossil collections from the Stikine and Iskut River areas. ... 81 Index....... ........... ........................... ...... .... ................ 91 Illustrations Map 309A. Stikine River area, B.C. (North Sheet) .............................. .. In pocket 310A. Stikine River area, B.C. (Centre Sheet)............. " " 311A. Stikine River area, B.C. (South Sheet)...... " " Plate I. View southwesterly over junction of Stikine and Iskut Rivers, past outlet of Great Glacier ....................................................... Frontispiece II. A. Hazel B . No. 3 at dock, Wrangell, Alaska.... .. ................... .. .. 87 B. Glenora)., on Stikine River . 87 III. Telegraph vreek, Stikine River. 88 IV. A. Glacier o.t head of south fork of Dokdaon Creek.... .. ........ ......... ... 89 B. Strata Mountain. 89 V. View southerly over Hoodoo Mountain and across Iskut River Valley........ .. 90 v PREFACE The late Forrest A. K·err examined the Stikine River area in the years 1926 to 1929 inclusive. His explorations covered altogether some 2,500 square miles of extremely mountainous and difficult country, for much of which he found it necessary to map the topography as well as the geology. The three geological maps covering this area were published in 1935, but the voluminous account prepared by Mr. Kerr to accompany the maps was never put into shape for publication, and after his death, in 1938, war conditions compelled further postponement of the project. Immediately after the war, however, the manu­ script material was turned over to H. C. Cooke of the Geological Survey, and the present report has been prepared by him. Although Dr. Cooke believes that he has correctly stated Dr. Kerr's facts and conclusions, it is of course impo.:;sible now to verify this, and the report is, therefore, issued, frankly, as a posthumous compilation from Dr. Kerr's manuscript. At all points in the report where statements occur such as "the writer believes," "it is the writer's view,'' etc., the "writer" is Dr. Kerr. The report itself deals with a large, potentially metalliferous region rubout which little factual geological information has yet been published. It contributes substantially to the age, character, and relationships of the various sedimentary and volcanic formations; deals at some length with the composite structure of the Coast Range batholithic complex and the individual characteristics of its several components; and includes some particularly instructive data on the physiographic history and glaciation of the region, and on the products of late Tertiary and Recent vulcanism. The report is also a valuable guide to condi­ tions and means of travel within the area mapped, and contains pertinent information on the known mineral occurrences and on areas favourable for prospecting. GEORGE HANSON, Chief Geolog1'st, Geological Survey OTTAWA, April 15, 1947 Lower Stikine and Western Iskut River Areas, British Columbia CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION GENERAL STATEMENT Stikine River has been a highway of travel to the placer gold' fields of Cassiar district for more than 70 years. During the boom days there were probably few bars along the main river or its tributaries that were not carefully prospected for placer deposits, but the yield was relatively small. In the late sixties and early seventies, before the main Cassiar rush, some 'bars south of Telegraph Creek yielded good returns for short periods; and in recent years limited amounts have •been revealed by drilling. Until recently, lode mining attracted little attention in Stikine River district. After the slight success of early.
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