DOCSLIB.ORG

6 Frog Declines and Associated Management Response in South-Eastern Mainland Australia and Tasmania

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
6 Frog Declines and Associated Management Response in South-Eastern Mainland Australia and Tasmania 6 Frog declines and associated management response in south-eastern mainland Australia and Tasmania David Hunter, Nick Clemann, David Coote, Graeme Gillespie, Greg Hollis, Ben Scheele, Annie Philips, and Matt West INTRODUCTION the species appear to be in imminent risk of extinction Within south-eastern Australia there are 19 species of (Skerratt et al. 2016). frogs currently listed as threatened at a national level This chapter summarises current knowledge of the under the Commonwealth (federal) Environment Protec- conservation status, management responses, and future tion and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act), directions for conservation of frogs in the temperate areas and/or at a state level under the Victorian Flora and of south-eastern mainland Australia and Tasmania. Fauna Guarantee Act 1988 (FFG Act), the New South Wales Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 (TSC Act), the ACT Nature Conservation Act 1980 (NC Act), or GEOGRAPHIC AREA AND AMPHIBIAN the Tasmanian Threatened Species Protection Act 1995 DIVERSITY (TSP Act) (Table 6.1). Ten of these species also are listed The geographic area covered by this chapter includes tem- as either Vulnerable, Endangered, or Critically Endan- perate south-eastern mainland Australia and all of Tas- gered on the International Union for the Conservation of mania (Plate 6.1). South-eastern Australia has a diverse Nature Red List (IUCN Red List). Four of the species are range of habitats and vegetation communities, from open listed only in Victoria on the Threatened Species Advi- grasslands to cool temperate rainforests. This broad varia- sory Lists (TSAL) (Table 6.1), which is a non-statutory list tion in habitats is related to variation in topography, rain- of species that may or may not also be listed under the fall, and fire regimes over this region, which includes the EPBC Act or the FFG Act. Although not currently listed southern portion of the Great Dividing Range, and moun- at either a state or national level, the Tasmanian treefrog tainous regions of Tasmania. Annual average rainfall Litoria burrowsae may be at risk of further substantial throughout this region varies from 500 to 2400 mm, with declines in the near future (Cashins et al. 2015). higher elevations on both the mainland and Tasmania Despite the possible extinction of six species further having a consistent cover of snow throughout winter north in eastern Australia (Skerratt et al. 2016), no spe- (Bureau of Meteorology 2017). Rainfall in this region gen- cies in south-eastern Australia are known to have erally follows a Mediterranean style pattern of wet winters become extinct. One species, the southern barred frog and drier summers; however, this contrast diminishes up Mixophyes balbus, has not been observed in this region the eastern coast of the mainland. since 2001, despite being found in reasonably high abun- Associated with this environmental heterogeneity is a dance further north (Hunter and Gillespie 2011). Five of broad range of freshwater aquatic habitats that support a 171106 Status of Conservation and Decline of Amphibians 2pp.indd 39 19/12/2017 09:33:19.15 40 Status of Conservation and Decline of Amphibians Table 6.1. Threatened frogs occurring in the part of south-eastern Australia covered in this chapter, and their current status at state level (New South Wales: Threatened Species Conservation Act 1995 [TSC Act]; Victoria: Flora and Fauna Guarantee Act 1988 [FFG Act], [TSAL]; Tasmania: Threatened Species Protection Act 1995 [TC Act]), Commonwealth level (Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 [EPBC]), and global level (International Union for the Conservation of Nature [IUCN] Red List of Threatened Species). CR = Critically Endangered, EN = Endangered, VU = Vulnerable, LC = Least Concern, DD = Data Deficient. National IUCN Species EPBC Act State Red List Green and golden bell frog VU NSW – EN (TSC Act) VU Litoria aurea Vic – Not listed (FFG Act) Vic – VU (TSAL) Booroolong frog EN NSW – EN (TSC Act) CR Litoria booroolongensis Vic – Threatened (FFG Act) Vic – CR (TSAL) Yellow-spotted bell frog EN NSW – CR (TSC Act) CR Litoria castanea Bleating treefrog Not listed NSW – Not listed (TSC Act) LC Litoria dentata Vic – Not listed (FFG Act) Vic – VU (TSAL) Littlejohn’s treefrog VU NSW – VU (TSC Act) LC Litoria littlejohni Vic – Threatened (FFG Act) Vic – EN (TSAL) Growling grass frog VU NSW – EN (TSC Act) EN Litoria raniformis Vic – Threatened (FFG Act) Vic – EN (TSAL) Tas – VU (TSP Act) Spotted treefrog EN NSW – CR (TSC Act) CR Litoria spenceri Vic – Threatened (FFG Act) Vic – CR (TSAL) Alpine treefrog VU NSW – EN (TSC Act) LC Litoria verreauxii alpina Vic – Threatened (FFG Act) VIC – CR (TSAL) Sloane’s froglet Not listed NSW – VU (TSC Act) DD Crinia sloanei Vic – Not listed (FFG Act) Vic – Not listed (TSAL) Giant burrowing frog VU NSW – VU (TSC Act) VU Helioporus australiacus Vic – Threatened (FFG Act) Vic – CR (TSAL only) Southern barred frog VU NSW – EN (TSC Act) VU Mixophyes balbus Vic – (FFG Act) Vic – CR (TSAL) Baw Baw frog EN Vic – (FFG Act) CR Philoria frosti Vic – CR (TSAL) Bibron’s toadlet Not listed NSW – Not listed (TSC Act) LC Pseudophryne bibronii Vic – Threatened (FFG Act) Vic – EN (TSAL) Southern corroboree frog CR NSW – CR (TSC Act) CR Pseudophryne corroboree Northern corroboree frog CR NSW – CR (TSC Act) EN Pseudophryne pengilleyi ACT – EN (NC Act) 171106 Status of Conservation and Decline of Amphibians 2pp.indd 40 19/12/2017 09:33:19.26 6 – Frog declines and associated management response in south-eastern mainland Australia and Tasmania 41 National IUCN Species EPBC Act State Red List Southern toadlet Not listed Vic – Not listed (FFG Act) LC Pseudophryne semimarmorata Vic – VU (TSAL) Martin’s Toadlet Not listed NSW – Not listed (TSC Act) DD Uperoleia martini Vic – Threatened (FFG Act) Vic – CR (TSAL) Striped mash frog Not listed NSW – Not listed (TSC Act) LC Limnodynastes peronii Vic - Not listed (FFG Act) Vic – Not listed (TSAL) Tas – EN (TSP Act) Giant banjo frog Not listed NSW – Not listed (TSC Act) LC Limnodynastes interioris Vic – Threatened (FFG Act) Vic – CR (TSAL) diverse range of frog species. At least 46 species occur in geographically isolated populations of P. corroboree, spot- the area covered by this chapter (Atlas of Living Australia ted treefrog (Litoria spenceri), and alpine treefrog (Litoria 2017). The distributions of these species range from high verreauxii alpina) (Hunter et al. 2009b, Clemann et al. elevations where only one or two species occur, to coastal 2009; Gillespie et al. 2015). Emergence of B. dendrobatidis areas where more than 15 species may occur in a relatively in these naïve populations was associated with rapid small area. There are 10 species found only in the region declines and extirpation, thereby providing direct and covered by this chapter, with a number of these having unequivocal evidence that B. dendrobatidis – in the very restricted distributions, such as the southern cor- absence of other threats – is capable of causing the loss of roboree frog (Pseudophryne corroboree), which was only populations. Despite the capacity for B. dendrobatidis to known from an area of 500 km2 (OEH NSW 2012a), and cause rapid demise, some remnant populations of all the Baw Baw frog (Philoria frosti) which was found only focal species have persisted. However, in remnant popula- in an area of 135 km2 (Hollis 2011). tions, B. dendrobatidis is an ongoing threat and the path- ogen’s presence is maintained by reservoir hosts (West 2016; Scheele et al. 2017b). A key reservoir species in the KEY THREATS AND CAUSES OF THE high country is the common eastern froglet (Crinia signif- DECLINES OF FROGS era), a widespread, highly abundant, non-declining spe- The primary cause of recent declines for many of the cies that often carries severe B. dendrobatidis infections threatened frogs covered in this chapter is the disease (Hunter et al. 2009b). Reservoir hosts can amplify the chytridiomycosis, which is caused by infection with the impact of disease in co-occurring species, and some amphibian chytrid fungus Batrachochytrium dendroba- threatened species are clearly persisting at greater abun- tidis (Berger et al. 1998, 2009). Precipitous declines asso- dance only in habitats where reservoir hosts are absent, or ciated with the emergence of B. dendrobatidis occurred in at low abundance (Scheele et al. 2017b). the 1980s and 1990s, consistent with major declines Although B. dendrobatidis has been the primary cause reported in other regions of Australia and globally of rapid and noticeable declines of frogs since the late (Hunter et al. 2010a; Gillespie et al. 2015; Scheele et al. 1970s, the pathogen’s impact on many species has been 2016, 2017a,b). Sampling museum specimens from the exacerbated by other threats that have reduced the frogs’ Australian Alps, Hunter et al. (2010a) found that chytrid geographic range and the resilience of their populations. fungus was absent in individuals collected before 1980, An alternative and practical way of viewing this is that B. but was common in specimens collected from declining dendrobatidis has increased their susceptibility to other populations during the 1990s, consistent with the hypoth- threats. Because we are currently limited in our ability to esis that B. dendrobatidis is an introduced pathogen in directly mitigate the impacts of B. dendrobatidis (Wood- the region. Mass declines associated with the initial hams et al. 2011), it is important to target other threats that emergence of B. dendrobatidis were unobserved; however, are more manageable. This is particularly the case when emergence has been directly observed in several loss and degradation of habitat is contributing to ongoing 171106 Status of Conservation and Decline of Amphibians 2pp.indd 41 19/12/2017 09:33:19.42 42 Status of Conservation and Decline of Amphibians declines. Widespread loss and degradation of habitats is populations remain large and robust in East Gippsland common in the tablelands, slopes, and lowland regions and (Gillespie 1996; Howard et al.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Amphibian Abundance and Detection Trends During a Large Flood in a Semi-Arid Floodplain Wetland
    Herpetological Conservation and Biology 11:408–425. Submitted: 26 January 2016; Accepted: 2 September 2016; Published: 16 December 2016. Amphibian Abundance and Detection Trends During a Large Flood in a Semi-Arid Floodplain Wetland Joanne F. Ocock1,4, Richard T. Kingsford1, Trent D. Penman2, and Jodi J.L. Rowley1,3 1Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia 2Centre for Environmental Risk Management of Bushfires, Institute of Conservation Biology and Environmental Management, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, New South Wales 2522, Australia 3Australian Museum Research Institute, Australian Museum, 6 College St, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia 4Corresponding author, email: [email protected] Abstract.—Amphibian abundance and occupancy are often reduced in regulated river systems near dams, but com- paratively little is known about how they are affected on floodplain wetlands downstream or the effects of actively managed flows. We assessed frog diversity in the Macquarie Marshes, a semi-arid floodplain wetland of conserva- tion significance, identifying environmental variables that might explain abundances and detection of species. We collected relative abundance data of 15 amphibian species at 30 sites over four months, coinciding with a large natural flood. We observed an average of 39.9 ± (SE) 4.3 (range, 0-246) individuals per site survey, over 47 survey nights. Three non-burrowing, ground-dwelling species were most abundant at temporarily flooded sites with low- growing aquatic vegetation (e.g., Limnodynastes tasmaniensis, Limnodynastes fletcheri, Crinia parinsignifera). Most arboreal species (e.g., Litoria caerulea) were more abundant in wooded habitat, regardless of water permanency.
    [Show full text]
  • Threat Abatement Plan
    gus resulting in ch fun ytridio trid myc chy osis ith w s n ia ib h p m a f o n o i t THREAT ABATEMENTc PLAN e f n I THREAT ABATEMENT PLAN INFECTION OF AMPHIBIANS WITH CHYTRID FUNGUS RESULTING IN CHYTRIDIOMYCOSIS Department of the Environment and Heritage © Commonwealth of Australia 2006 ISBN 0 642 55029 8 Published 2006 This work is copyright. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act 1968, no part may be reproduced by any process without prior written permission from the Commonwealth, available from the Department of the Environment and Heritage. Requests and inquiries concerning reproduction and rights should be addressed to: Assistant Secretary Natural Resource Management Policy Branch Department of the Environment and Heritage PO Box 787 CANBERRA ACT 2601 This publication is available on the Internet at: www.deh.gov.au/biodiversity/threatened/publications/tap/chytrid/ For additional hard copies, please contact the Department of the Environment and Heritage, Community Information Unit on 1800 803 772. Front cover photo: Litoria genimaculata (Green-eyed tree frog) Sequential page photo: Taudactylus eungellensis (Eungella day frog) Banner photo on chapter pages: Close up of the skin of Litoria genimaculata (Green-eyed tree frog) ii Foreword ‘Infection of amphibians with chytrid fungus resulting Under the EPBC Act the Australian Government in chytridiomycosis’ was listed in July 2002 as a key implements the plan in Commonwealth areas and seeks threatening process under the Environment Protection the cooperation of the states and territories where the and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act). disease impacts within their jurisdictions.
    [Show full text]
  • Expert Witness Report
    Expert Witness Report Report prepared on instructions of: Bleyer Lawyers, Level 1, 550 Lonsdale Street, Melbourne, Vic 3000 Australia Prepared by: Graeme Gillespie B.Sc. Ph.D. 55 Union Street, Northcote, Vic 3070, Australia Curriculum Vitae Attached (Appendix I) I have read the Expert Witness Code of Conduct and agree to be bound by it. Graeme Gillespie 23 February 2010 Qualifications and Experience Please see my curriculum vitae (Appendix I) for my general qualifications and experience. My Ph.D. in zoology focussed specifically on the conservation biology and ecology of frog species in south-eastern Australia. I have 23 years of field and scientific experience studying amphibians and their conservation and management in south- eastern Australia. I have published 24 refereed scientific papers and 38 technical reports on amphibian ecology, conservation and management. I am recognised throughout Australia as an authority on the frog fauna of Victoria, specifically with respect to conservation issues, and I am regularly asked to provide advice on such matters to individuals, government conservation and land management agencies, and non-government organisations. With regard to the Giant Burrowing Frog, I encountered this species on several occasions between 1986 and 1992 while undertaking and supervising pre-logging biodiversity surveys in East Gippsland, Victoria. These records are documented in the Victorian Wildlife Atlas. During this period, I gained knowledge of the species’ habitat associations, breeding biology, some aspects of its behaviour and an appreciation of its conservation status in Victoria (see Opie et al. 1990; Westaway et al.1990; Lobert et al. 1991). Because of my research into amphibian conservation and management, I am highly familiar with the existing literature on the impact of various forest management activities on amphibians and the implications of these activities for amphibian conservation.
    [Show full text]
  • Toxicity of Glyphosate on Physalaemus Albonotatus (Steindachner, 1864) from Western Brazil
    Ecotoxicol. Environ. Contam., v. 8, n. 1, 2013, 55-58 doi: 10.5132/eec.2013.01.008 Toxicity of Glyphosate on Physalaemus albonotatus (Steindachner, 1864) from Western Brazil F. SIMIONI 1, D.F.N. D A SILVA 2 & T. MO tt 3 1 Laboratório de Herpetologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil. 2 Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia e Conservação da Biodiversidade, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil. 3 Setor de Biodiversidade e Ecologia, Universidade Federal de Alagoas, Av. Lourival Melo Mota, s/n, Maceió, Alagoas, CEP 57072-970, Brazil. (Received April 12, 2012; Accept April 05, 2013) Abstract Amphibian declines have been reported worldwide and pesticides can negatively impact this taxonomic group. Brazil is the world’s largest consumer of pesticides, and Mato Grosso is the leader in pesticide consumption among Brazilian states. However, the effects of these chemicals on the biota are still poorly explored. The main goals of this study were to determine the acute toxicity (CL50) of the herbicide glyphosate on Physalaemus albonotatus, and to assess survivorship rates when tadpoles are kept under sub-lethal concentrations. Three egg masses of P. albonotatus were collected in Cuiabá, Mato Grosso, Brazil. Tadpoles were exposed for 96 h to varying concentrations of glyphosate to determine the CL50 and survivorship. The -1 CL50 was 5.38 mg L and there were statistically significant differences in mortality rates and the number of days that P. albonotatus tadpoles survived when exposed in different sub-lethal concentrations of glyphosate. Different sensibilities among amphibian species may be related with their historical contact with pesticides and/or specific tolerances.
    [Show full text]
  • Interactions Between Amphibian Skin Sloughing and a Cutaneous Fungal Disease
    Interactions between amphibian skin sloughing and a cutaneous fungal disease: infection progression, immune defence, and phylogenetic patterns Michel E. B. Ohmer BSc (Hons), MSc Zoology A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Queensland in 2016 School of Biological Sciences Abstract Worldwide, there has been an unprecedented rise in emerging infectious diseases of wildlife, and this has contributed to a widespread biodiversity crisis. Amphibian populations, in particular, are threatened by the fungal pathogen Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd), which in post-metamorphic animals only infects the skin, and causes the potentially lethal disease chytridiomycosis. Amphibians regularly slough their skin, and in doing so remove many skin- associated microbes. Thus, skin sloughing may play an important role in the pathogenesis of chytridiomycosis. To investigate this association, the influence of Bd infection on amphibian skin sloughing, and the role of sloughing in regulating infection, was examined. Furthermore, to better understand the variation in skin sloughing rates across species and ecological groups, and make inferences about the role of this process in susceptibility to this fungal disease, amphibian skin structure and function was investigated within a phylogenetic context. To determine the relationship between skin sloughing and disease progression (chapter 2), adult green tree frogs (Litoria caerulea) were exposed to an Australian Bd strain, and sloughing rates and infection load were monitored on a naturalistic cycling temperature regime (15 - 23˚C). Sloughing rates were determined by filming frogs and infection intensity was monitored before and after sloughing with conventional swabbing and quantitative PCR. Sloughing rate was found to increase with Bd infection load in infected frogs, but sloughing itself did not affect Bd load on the ventral skin surface.
    [Show full text]
  • Spatial Ecology of the Giant Burrowing Frog (Heleioporus Australiacus): Implications for Conservation Prescriptions
    University of Wollongong Research Online Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive) Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health January 2008 Spatial ecology of the giant burrowing frog (Heleioporus australiacus): implications for conservation prescriptions Trent D. Penman University of Wollongong, [email protected] F Lemckert M J Mahony Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/scipapers Part of the Life Sciences Commons, Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons, and the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Penman, Trent D.; Lemckert, F; and Mahony, M J: Spatial ecology of the giant burrowing frog (Heleioporus australiacus): implications for conservation prescriptions 2008, 179-186. https://ro.uow.edu.au/scipapers/724 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] Spatial ecology of the giant burrowing frog (Heleioporus australiacus): implications for conservation prescriptions Abstract Management of threatened anurans requires an understanding of a species’ behaviour and habitat requirements in both the breeding and non-breeding environments. The giant burrowing frog (Heleioporus australiacus) is a threatened species in south-eastern Australia. Little is known about its habitat requirements, creating difficulties in vde eloping management strategies for the species.Weradio-tracked 33 individual H. australiacus in order to determine their habitat use and behaviour. Data from 33 frogs followed for between 5 and 599 days show that individuals spend little time near (<15 >m) their breeding sites (mean 4.7 days for males and 6.3 days for females annually). Most time is spent in distinct non- breeding activity areas 20–250m from the breeding sites.
    [Show full text]
  • An Insectivorous Australian Pratincole Stiltia Isabella Diversifies Its Diet
    Northern Territory Naturalist (2013) 24: 61–64 Short Note An insectivorous Australian Pratincole Stiltia isabella diversifies its diet Peter M. Kyne1 and Micha V. Jackson2 1 Research Institute for the Environment and Livelihoods, Charles Darwin University, Darwin NT 0909, Australia. Email: [email protected] 2 North Australian Indigenous Land and Sea Management Alliance Limited, Charles Darwin University, Darwin NT 0909, Australia. Abstract Pratincoles and coursers (family Glareolidae), including the primarily ground-feeding Australian Pratincole Stiltia isabella, are principally insectivorous. This paper presents a brief note on the first documented occurrence of Australian Pratincole (and indeed a rare record of any glareolid bird) feeding on vertebrate prey, in this case a small frog. The family Glareolidae is made up of two distinct sub-families, the coursers (Cursoriinae) and the pratincoles (Glareolinae), both of which are principally insectivorous (del Hoyo et al. 1996; Higgins & Davies 1996). Coursers are mostly ground feeders while pratincoles are mostly aerial feeders; the exception is the Australian Pratincole Stiltia isabella (the sole member of its genus), which forms a link between the two groups and is the only pratincole to feed primarily on the ground (Maclean 1976; del Hoyo et al. 1996). Stomach contents and feeding records indicate that a diversity of insects constitute the species’ diet, with additional prey items including centipedes (Myriapoda) and spiders (Arachnida) (Maclean 1976; Barker & Vestjens 1989; Higgins & Davies 1996). While del Hoyo et al. (1996) state that glareorids will sometimes take small lizards, they do not indicate the group or species for which this has been recorded. Here we present a brief note on the first documented occurrence of Australian Pratincole (and indeed a rare record of any glareolid bird) feeding on vertebrate prey.
    [Show full text]
  • Distribution and Calling Phenology of Generalist Frog Species Along a Climate Gradient
    Distribution and calling phenology of generalist frog species along a climate gradient Amelia Walcott A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Charles Sturt University Faculty of Science School of Environmental Sciences Albury, NSW 2640 Australia January 2017 i ii iii iv TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures ......................................................................................................................................... x List of Tables....................................................................................................................................... xiii List of Plates ........................................................................................................................................ xiv Certificate of Authorship ................................................................................................................ xv Acknowledgements ......................................................................................................................... xvii Abstract ................................................................................................................................................ xix Chapter 1 General introduction: Environmental drivers of amphibian distribution and resource use in modified temperate ecosystems ........................................................... 1 1.1 Wetland and amphibian decline .......................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • National Recovery Plan for the Stuttering Frog Mixophyes Balbus
    National Recovery Plan for the Stuttering Frog Mixophyes balbus David Hunter and Graeme Gillespie Prepared by David Hunter and Graeme Gillespie (Department of Sustainability and Environment, Victoria). Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment (DSE) Melbourne, October 2011. © State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2010 This publication is copyright. No part may be reproduced by any process except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright Act 1968. Authorised by the Victorian Government, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne. ISBN 978-1-74242-369-2 (online) This is a Recovery Plan prepared under the Commonwealth Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999, with the assistance of funding provided by the Australian Government. This Recovery Plan has been developed with the involvement and cooperation of a range of stakeholders, but individual stakeholders have not necessarily committed to undertaking specific actions. The attainment of objectives and the provision of funds may be subject to budgetary and other constraints affecting the parties involved. Proposed actions may be subject to modification over the life of the plan due to changes in knowledge. Disclaimer: This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence that may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. An electronic version of this document is available on the Department of the Environment, Water, Heritage and the Arts website www.environment.gov.au For more information contact the DSE Customer Service Centre 136 186 Citation: Hunter, D.
    [Show full text]
  • FF Directory
    Directory WFF (World Flora Fauna Program) - Updated 30 November 2012 Directory WorldWide Flora & Fauna - Updated 30 November 2012 Release 2012.06 - by IK1GPG Massimo Balsamo & I5FLN Luciano Fusari Reference Name DXCC Continent Country FF Category 1SFF-001 Spratly 1S AS Spratly Archipelago 3AFF-001 Réserve du Larvotto 3A EU Monaco 3AFF-002 Tombant à corail des Spélugues 3A EU Monaco 3BFF-001 Black River Gorges 3B8 AF Mauritius I. 3BFF-002 Agalega is. 3B6 AF Agalega Is. & St.Brandon I. 3BFF-003 Saint Brandon Isls. (aka Cargados Carajos Isls.) 3B7 AF Agalega Is. & St.Brandon I. 3BFF-004 Rodrigues is. 3B9 AF Rodriguez I. 3CFF-001 Monte-Rayses 3C AF Equatorial Guinea 3CFF-002 Pico-Santa-Isabel 3C AF Equatorial Guinea 3D2FF-001 Conway Reef 3D2 OC Conway Reef 3D2FF-002 Rotuma I. 3D2 OC Conway Reef 3DAFF-001 Mlilvane 3DA0 AF Swaziland 3DAFF-002 Mlavula 3DA0 AF Swaziland 3DAFF-003 Malolotja 3DA0 AF Swaziland 3VFF-001 Bou-Hedma 3V AF Tunisia 3VFF-002 Boukornine 3V AF Tunisia 3VFF-003 Chambi 3V AF Tunisia 3VFF-004 El-Feidja 3V AF Tunisia 3VFF-005 Ichkeul 3V AF Tunisia National Park, UNESCO-World Heritage 3VFF-006 Zembraand Zembretta 3V AF Tunisia 3VFF-007 Kouriates Nature Reserve 3V AF Tunisia 3VFF-008 Iles de Djerba 3V AF Tunisia 3VFF-009 Sidi Toui 3V AF Tunisia 3VFF-010 Tabarka 3V AF Tunisia 3VFF-011 Ain Chrichira 3V AF Tunisia 3VFF-012 Aina Zana 3V AF Tunisia 3VFF-013 des Iles Kneiss 3V AF Tunisia 3VFF-014 Serj 3V AF Tunisia 3VFF-015 Djebel Bouramli 3V AF Tunisia 3VFF-016 Djebel Khroufa 3V AF Tunisia 3VFF-017 Djebel Touati 3V AF Tunisia 3VFF-018 Etella Natural 3V AF Tunisia 3VFF-019 Grotte de Chauve souris d'El Haouaria 3V AF Tunisia National Park, UNESCO-World Heritage 3VFF-020 Ile Chikly 3V AF Tunisia 3VFF-021 Kechem el Kelb 3V AF Tunisia 3VFF-022 Lac de Tunis 3V AF Tunisia 3VFF-023 Majen Djebel Chitane 3V AF Tunisia 3VFF-024 Sebkhat Kelbia 3V AF Tunisia 3VFF-025 Tourbière de Dar.
    [Show full text]
  • Status Review, Disease Risk Analysis and Conservation Action Plan for The
    Status Review, Disease Risk Analysis and Conservation Action Plan for the Bellinger River Snapping Turtle (Myuchelys georgesi) December, 2016 1 Workshop participants. Back row (l to r): Ricky Spencer, Bruce Chessman, Kristen Petrov, Caroline Lees, Gerald Kuchling, Jane Hall, Gerry McGilvray, Shane Ruming, Karrie Rose, Larry Vogelnest, Arthur Georges; Front row (l to r) Michael McFadden, Adam Skidmore, Sam Gilchrist, Bruno Ferronato, Richard Jakob-Hoff © Copyright 2017 CBSG IUCN encourages meetings, workshops and other fora for the consideration and analysis of issues related to conservation, and believes that reports of these meetings are most useful when broadly disseminated. The opinions and views expressed by the authors may not necessarily reflect the formal policies of IUCN, its Commissions, its Secretariat or its members. The designation of geographical entities in this book, and the presentation of the material, do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of IUCN concerning the legal status of any country, territory, or area, or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Jakob-Hoff, R. Lees C. M., McGilvray G, Ruming S, Chessman B, Gilchrist S, Rose K, Spencer R, Hall J (Eds) (2017). Status Review, Disease Risk Analysis and Conservation Action Plan for the Bellinger River Snapping Turtle. IUCN SSC Conservation Breeding Specialist Group: Apple Valley, MN. Cover photo: Juvenile Bellinger River Snapping Turtle © 2016 Brett Vercoe This report can be downloaded from the CBSG website: www.cbsg.org. 2 Executive Summary The Bellinger River Snapping Turtle (BRST) (Myuchelys georgesi) is a freshwater turtle endemic to a 60 km stretch of the Bellinger River, and possibly a portion of the nearby Kalang River in coastal north eastern New South Wales (NSW).
    [Show full text]
  • North Central Waterwatch Frogs Field Guide
    North Central Waterwatch Frogs Field Guide “This guide is an excellent publication. It strikes just the right balance, providing enough information in a format that is easy to use for identifying our locally occurring frogs, while still being attractive and interesting to read by people of all ages.” Rodney Orr, Bendigo Field Naturalists Club Inc. 1 The North Central CMA Region Swan Hill River Murray Kerang Cohuna Quambatook Loddon River Pyramid Hill Wycheproof Boort Loddon/Campaspe Echuca Watchem Irrigation Area Charlton Mitiamo Donald Rochester Avoca River Serpentine Avoca/Avon-Richardson Wedderburn Elmore Catchment Area Richardson River Bridgewater Campaspe River St Arnaud Marnoo Huntly Bendigo Avon River Bealiba Dunolly Loddon/Campaspe Dryland Area Heathcote Maryborough Castlemaine Avoca Loddon River Kyneton Lexton Clunes Daylesford Woodend Creswick Acknowledgement Of Country The North Central Catchment Management Authority (CMA) acknowledges Aboriginal Traditional Owners within the North Central CMA region, their rich culture and their spiritual connection to Country. We also recognise and acknowledge the contribution and interests of Aboriginal people and organisations in the management of land and natural resources. Acknowledgements North Central Waterwatch would like to acknowledge the contribution and support from the following organisations and individuals during the development of this publication: Britt Gregory from North Central CMA for her invaluable efforts in the production of this document, Goulburn Broken Catchment Management Authority for allowing use of their draft field guide, Lydia Fucsko, Adrian Martins, David Kleinert, Leigh Mitchell, Peter Robertson and Nick Layne for use of their wonderful photos and Mallee Catchment Management Authority for their design support and a special thanks to Ray Draper for his support and guidance in the development of the Frogs Field Guide 2012.
    [Show full text]