The Semantic Web: May 2001
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Oauth 2.0 Dynamic Client Registration Management Protocol Draft-Jones-Oauth-Dyn-Reg-Management-00
OAuth Working Group J. Richer TOC Internet-Draft The MITRE Corporation Intended status: Standards Track M. Jones Expires: August 1, 2014 Microsoft J. Bradley Ping Identity M. Machulak Newcastle University January 28, 2014 OAuth 2.0 Dynamic Client Registration Management Protocol draft-jones-oauth-dyn-reg-management-00 Abstract This specification defines methods for management of dynamic OAuth 2.0 client registrations. Status of this Memo This Internet-Draft is submitted in full conformance with the provisions of BCP 78 and BCP 79. Internet-Drafts are working documents of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF). Note that other groups may also distribute working documents as Internet-Drafts. The list of current Internet-Drafts is at http://datatracker.ietf.org/drafts/current/. Internet-Drafts are draft documents valid for a maximum of six months and may be updated, replaced, or obsoleted by other documents at any time. It is inappropriate to use Internet- Drafts as reference material or to cite them other than as “work in progress.” This Internet-Draft will expire on August 1, 2014. Copyright Notice Copyright (c) 2014 IETF Trust and the persons identified as the document authors. All rights reserved. This document is subject to BCP 78 and the IETF Trust's Legal Provisions Relating to IETF Documents (http://trustee.ietf.org/license-info) in effect on the date of publication of this document. Please review these documents carefully, as they describe your rights and restrictions with respect to this document. Code Components extracted from this document must include Simplified BSD License text as described in Section 4.e of the Trust Legal Provisions and are provided without warranty as described in the Simplified BSD License. -
The Atom Project
The Atom Project Tim Bray, Sun Microsystems Paul Hoffman, IMC Recent Numbers On June 23, 2004 (according to Technorati.com): • There were 2.8 million feeds tracked • 14,000 new blogs were created • 270,000 new updates were posted Technology: How Syndication Works Now 1. Publication makes an XML document available at a well-known URI describing recent updates 2. Clients retrieve it regularly (slow polling) 3. That’s all! Technology: What’s In a Syndication Feed • One Channel: Title, URI, logo, generator, copyright, author • Multiple Items: Author, title, URI, guid, date(s), category(ies), description (excerpt/summary/ full-text) Species of RSS Currently Observed in the Wild • RSS 0.9: Netscape, RDF-based • RSS 0.91: Netscape, non-RDF • RSS 1.0*: Ad-hoc group, RDF-based • RSS 0.92*: UserLand, non-RDF • RSS 2.0*: UserLand, non-RDF * significant market share Data Format Problems Too many formats, they’re vaguely specified, there are technical issues with embedded markup, relative URIs, XML namespaces, and permanent identifiers. The personality & political problems are much worse. Scaling and security may be OK, because it’s all HTTP. The Protocol Landscape The Blogger and MetaWeblog “APIs” are quick hacks based on XML-RPC. They lack extensibility, standards-friendliness, security, authentication and a future. Atom, Pre-IETF • Launched Summer 2003 by Sam Ruby • Quick buy-in from major vendors • Quick buy-in from backers of all RSS species, except RSS 2.0 • Active wiki at http://www.intertwingly.net/wiki/ pie Atom in the IETF • Charter • Documents • Mailing list • Not meeting here Starting the Atompub charter • Floated in mid-April 2004 • Some tweaking but no major glitches from the first proposal • Decided to have Sam Ruby be the WG secretary • Was almost ready for the IESG to approve in mid-May, then... -
Semantic Gadgets: Pervasive Computing Meets the Semantic Web
Semantic Gadgets: Pervasive Computing Meets the Semantic Web Ora Lassila Research Fellow Agent Technology Group, Nokia Research Center October 2002 1 © NOKIA 2002-10-01 - Ora Lassila Mobility Makes Things Different • Device location is a new dimension • more information about the user and the usage context available • new applications & services are possible • Devices are different • reduced capabilities: smaller screens, slow input devices, lower bandwidth, higher latency, worse reliability, … • trusted device: always with you & has access to your private data • Usage contexts and needs are different • awkward usage situations (e.g., in the car while driving) • specific needs (“surfing” unlikely) • you are always “on” (= connected) • Dilemma: • the Internet - by design - represents a departure from physical reality but mobility grounds services & users to the physical world 2 © NOKIA 2002-10-01 - Ora Lassila 1 Some Enablers of Mobile Internet • Access to services from handheld terminals • Dynamic synthesis of content • Context-sensitivity • location is one dimension of a “context”, but there are others • New Technologies • Artificial Intelligence • machine learning: automatic customization and adaptation • automated planning: autonomous operation • “Semantic Web” • intelligent synthesis of content from multiple sources (ad hoc & on demand) • explicit representation of semantics of data & services • Ubiquitous (aka Pervasive) Computing • (a paradigm shift in personal computing) 3 © NOKIA 2002-10-01 - Ora Lassila Semantic Web: Motivation -
Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Fifth Edition) W3C Recommendation 26 November 2008
Extensible Markup Language (XML) 1.0 (Fifth Edition) W3C Recommendation 26 November 2008 This version: http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/REC-xml-20081126/ Latest version: http://www.w3.org/TR/xml/ Previous versions: http://www.w3.org/TR/2008/PER-xml-20080205/ http://www.w3.org/TR/2006/REC-xml-20060816/ Editors: Tim Bray, Textuality and Netscape <[email protected]> Jean Paoli, Microsoft <[email protected]> C. M. Sperberg-McQueen, W3C <[email protected]> Eve Maler, Sun Microsystems, Inc. <[email protected]> François Yergeau Please refer to the errata for this document, which may include some normative corrections. The previous errata for this document, are also available. See also translations. This document is also available in these non-normative formats: XML and XHTML with color-coded revision indicators. Copyright © 2008 W3C® (MIT, ERCIM, Keio), All Rights Reserved. W3C liability, trademark and document use rules apply. Abstract The Extensible Markup Language (XML) is a subset of SGML that is completely described in this document. Its goal is to enable generic SGML to be served, received, and processed on the Web in the way that is now possible with HTML. XML has been designed for ease of implementation and for interoperability with both SGML and HTML. Status of this Document This section describes the status of this document at the time of its publication. Other documents may supersede this document. A list of current W3C publications and the latest revision of this technical report can be found in the W3C technical reports index at http://www.w3.org/TR/. -
Browsing the Semantic Web
Browsing the Semantic Web Ora Lassila Nokia Research Center Cambridge Cambridge, MA 02142, USA Abstract lution. Enabling browsing is further encouraged by the fact that, despite its simple data model, users and developers are Presenting RDF graphs to the end user as hypertext enables often put off by RDF’s cryptic XML-based syntax. interactive exploration and inquiry of “semantic” data. In Many tools have been constructed for searching, ex- this paper we present a tool that allows users to “see” their ploring and querying complex information spaces such as RDF data, without having to decipher syntactic represen- semistructured data representations or collections with rich tations that are typically not human-friendly. The tool is metadata. These tools often offer a mixture of features such part of a broader architecture designed for viewing many as faceted search, clustering of search results, etc. Exam- different types of data in Semantic Web formalisms, for ples of such systems include Lore [7, 8], Flamenco [26], experimenting with the caching of dynamically changing and others. More specifically, recent years have also seen a data, and for exploring the possible ad hoc integration of number of “Semantic Web browsers” emerge; examples of data from multiple sources. Additionally, this tool enables this type of software include mSpace [16], Haystack [18], browsing of semantic data on a mobile device, by adapting Magnet [23], DBin [25], semantExplorer [21], and others. the hypertext generation to better suit small screens. These systems allow the browsing of Semantic Web data and provide various ways of searching and visualizing this data. Many of them combine semantic data with “classi- 1. -
Tim Bray 1 Tim Bray
Tim Bray 1 Tim Bray Tim Bray Born Timothy William Bray June 21, 1955 Residence Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada Website http:/ / www. tbray. org/ ongoing/ Timothy William Bray (born June 21, 1955) is a Canadian software developer and entrepreneur. He co-founded Open Text Corporation and Antarctica Systems. Bray was Director of Web Technologies at Sun Microsystems from early 2004 to early 2010. Since then he has served as a Developer Advocate at Google, focusing on Android.[1] Early life Bray was born on June 21, 1955 in Alberta, Canada. He grew up in Beirut, Lebanon and graduated in 1981 with a Bachelor of Science (double major in Mathematics and Computer Science) from the University of Guelph in Guelph, Ontario. Tim described his switch of focus from Math to Computer Science this way: "In math I’d worked like a dog for my Cs, but in CS I worked much less for As—and learned that you got paid well for doing it."[2] In June 2009, he received an honorary Doctor of Science degree from the University of Guelph.[3] Fresh out of university, Bray joined Digital Equipment Corporation in Toronto as a software specialist. In 1983, Bray left DEC for Microtel Pacific Research. He joined the New Oxford English Dictionary project at the University of Waterloo in 1987 as its manager. It was during this time Bray worked with SGML, a technology that would later become central to both Open Text Corporation and his XML and Atom standardization work. Tim Bray 2 Entrepreneurship Waterloo Maple Tim Bray served as the part-time CEO of Waterloo Maple Inc. -
Tim Bray [email protected] · Tbray.Org · @Timbray · +Timbray Left: 1997 Right: 2010 Java.Com Php.Net Rubyonrails.Org Djangoproject.Com Nodejs.Org
Does the browser have a future? Tim Bray [email protected] · tbray.org · @timbray · +TimBray Left: 1997 Right: 2010 java.com php.net rubyonrails.org djangoproject.com nodejs.org developer.android.com/reference/android/os/Vibrator.html Functional thinking with Erlang counter_loop(Count) -> incr(Counter) -> receive Counter ! { incr }. { incr } -> ! counter_loop(Count + 1); find_count(Counter) -> { report, To } -> Counter ! { report, self() }, To ! { count, Count }, receive counter_loop(Count) { count, Count } -> end. Count end. Scalable parallel counters! tbray.org/ongoing/When/200x/2007/09/21/Erlang clojure.org scala-lang.org fndIDP.appspot.com c := make(chan SearchResult) go timeout(c) for _, searcher := range Searchers { go searcher.Search(email, c, handles) } bestStrength := -1 outstanding := len(Searchers) bestResult = SearchResult{TimeoutType, []IDP{}} for outstanding > 0 { result := <-c outstanding-- if result.rtype == TimeoutType { break // timed out, don't wait for trailers } if len(result.idps) == 0 { continue // a result that found nothing, ignore it } resultClass := ResultStrengths[result.rtype] if resultClass.verified { bestResult = result break // verified results trump all others } if resultClass.strength > bestStrength { bestStrength = resultClass.strength bestResult = result } else if resultClass.strength == bestStrength { bestResult.idps = merge(bestResult.idps, result.idps) } } ... func timeout(c chan SearchResult) { time.Sleep(2000 * time.Millisecond) c <- SearchResult{rtype: TimeoutType} } twitter.com/levwalkin/status/510197979542614016/photo/1 -
Boeing Position Paper
Frameworks for Semantics in Web Services: A position paper for the W3C Workshop Janet L Jones Boeing Phantom Works IDeAS May 6, 2005 This position paper proposes directions for the development of a framework for Semantic Web Services, with particular emphasis on automating tasks based on semantic descriptions. Abstract Boeing examines the application of Semantic Web Services in a net centric environment. Boeing envisions a wide range of possible benefits in this context. The key functionality needed is the automated and dynamic composability of services in an ad hoc environment. Net-Centric Environment: Use of Dynamically Composable Semantic Web Services “The Semantic Web is an extension of the current web in which information is given well-defined meaning, better enabling computers and people to work in cooperation.”1 “There’s a revolution occurring and it’s all about making the Web meaningful, understandable, and machine-processable, whether it’s based in an intranet, extranet, or Internet. This is called the Semantic Web, and it will transition us towards a knowledge- centric viewpoint of everything.”2 A net-centric environment is characterized by seamless interoperation between systems. As more networks and nodes are introduced, the environment becomes more robust, increasing its combined capabilities. Completion of the net-centric environment vision requires mobile ad hoc collaboration of disparate systems. Systems will be interacting in new ways, supporting each other through a wide variety of advertised services. In the ad hoc environment, not all of the desired capabilities can be known in advance. These capabilities will be used by communities of interest (COIs) which form in an ad hoc manner. -
An Introduction to Georss: a Standards Based Approach for Geo-Enabling RSS Feeds
Open Geospatial Consortium Inc. Date: 2006-07-19 Reference number of this document: OGC 06-050r3 Version: 1.0.0 Category: OpenGIS® White Paper Editors: Carl Reed OGC White Paper An Introduction to GeoRSS: A Standards Based Approach for Geo-enabling RSS feeds. Warning This document is not an OGC Standard. It is distributed for review and comment. It is subject to change without notice and may not be referred to as an OGC Standard. Recipients of this document are invited to submit, with their comments, notification of any relevant patent rights of which they are aware and to provide supporting do Document type: OpenGIS® White Paper Document subtype: White Paper Document stage: APPROVED Document language: English OGC 06-050r3 Contents Page i. Preface – Executive Summary........................................................................................ iv ii. Submitting organizations............................................................................................... iv iii. GeoRSS White Paper and OGC contact points............................................................ iv iv. Future work.....................................................................................................................v Foreword........................................................................................................................... vi Introduction...................................................................................................................... vii 1 Scope.................................................................................................................................1 -
AI, Robotics, and the Future of Jobs” Available At
NUMBERS, FACTS AND TRENDS SHAPING THE WORLD FOR RELEASE AUGU.S.T 6, 2014 FOR FURTHER INFORMATION ON THIS REPORT: Aaron Smith, Senior Researcher, Internet Project Janna Anderson, Director, Elon University’s Imagining the Internet Center 202.419.4372 www.pewresearch.org RECOMMENDED CITATION: Pew Research Center, August 2014, “AI, Robotics, and the Future of Jobs” Available at: http://www.pewinternet.org/2014/08/06/future-of-jobs/ 1 PEW RESEARCH CENTER About This Report This report is the latest in a sustained effort throughout 2014 by the Pew Research Center’s Internet Project to mark the 25th anniversary of the creation of the World Wide Web by Sir Tim Berners-Lee (The Web at 25). The report covers experts’ views about advances in artificial intelligence (AI) and robotics, and their impact on jobs and employment. The previous reports in this series include: . A February 2014 report from the Pew Research Center’s Internet Project tied to the Web’s anniversary looking at the strikingly fast adoption of the Internet and the generally positive attitudes users have about its role in their social environment. A March 2014 Digital Life in 2025 report issued by the Internet Project in association with Elon University’s Imagining the Internet Center focusing on the Internet’s future more broadly. Some 1,867 experts and stakeholders responded to an open-ended question about the future of the Internet by 2025. One common opinion: the Internet would become such an ingrained part of the environment that it would be “like electricity”—less visible even as it becomes more important in people’s daily lives. -
An Introduction to the Semantic Web
An Introduction To The Semantic Web Fernando de Souza 1 “The Semantic Web is an extension of the current web in which information is given well-defined meaning, better enabling computers and people to work in cooperation.” Tim Berners-Lee, James Hendler and Ora Lassila, The Semantic Web, Scientific American, May 2001 2 1 An Introduction To The Semantic Web …extension of the current web… “. .information on the web needs to be in a form that machines can ‘understand’ rather than simply display. The concept of machine-understandable documents does not imply some magical artificial intelligence allowing machines to comprehend human mumblings. It relies solely on a machine’s ability to solve well-defined problems by performing well- defined operations on well-defined data.” From Berners-Lee, Hendler; Nature, 2001 3 http://www.nature.com/nature/debates/e-access/Articles/bernerslee.htm …extension of the current web… “Most of the Web's content today is designed for humans to read, not for computer programs to manipulate meaningfully.” Tim Berners-Lee, James Hendler and Ora Lassila, The Semantic Web, Scientific American, May 2001 4 2 An Introduction To The Semantic Web …well-defined meaning… There are lots of ways in which our machines can use our web content when they can understand it. •When my personal digital assistant's calendar program understands dates, it can alert me when an appointment is coming up. •When my email program's address book understands that something is a phone number or an email address, it can set up communication with that person with a click. -
The RDF Layer
Knowledge Representation and Semantic Technologies The RDF layer Riccardo Rosati Corso di Laurea Magistrale in Ingegneria Informatica Sapienza Università di Roma 2019/2020 The Semantic Web Tower The RDF layer 2 Syntax and semantics • Syntax: the structure of data • Semantics: the meaning of data • Two conditions necessary for interoperability: – Adopt a common syntax: this enables applications to parse the data. – Adopt a means for understanding the semantics: this enables applications to use the data. The RDF layer 3 XML • XML: eXtensible Mark-up Language • XML documents are written through a user- defined set of tags • tags are used to express the “semantics” of the various pieces of information The RDF layer 4 XML: example <course date=“2007”> <title>Seminari di Ingegneria del Software </title> <teacher> <name>Giuseppe De Giacomo</name> <email>[email protected]</email> </teacher> <prereq>none</prereq> </course> The RDF layer 5 XML • XML: document = labelled tree • node = label + attributes/values + contents <course date=“...”> <title>...</title> course <teacher> <office>...</office> <email>...</email> = title teacher prereq </teacher> <prereq>...</prereq> </course> office email The RDF layer 6 XML • XML Schema = grammar for describing legal trees and datatypes • can we use XML to represent semantics? The RDF layer 7 XML and semantics <Predator> … </Predator> • Predator: a medium-altitude, long-endurance unmanned aerial vehicle system. • Predator : one that victimizes, plunders, or destroys, especially for one's own gain. • Predator