Civil War Era Studies Faculty Publications Civil War Era Studies 6-2013 Gettysburg College & The aB ttle of Gettysburg: A Civil War Walking Tour John M. Rudy '07 Gettysburg College Follow this and additional works at: https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/cwfac Part of the Military History Commons, Social History Commons, and the United States History Commons Share feedback about the accessibility of this item. Rudy, John. Gettysburg College & The aB ttle of Gettysburg: A Civil War Walking Tour. Gettysburg College. 2013. This is the author's version of the work. This publication appears in Gettysburg College's institutional repository by permission of the copyright owner for personal use, not for redistribution. Cupola permanent link: https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/cwfac/5 This open access book is brought to you by The uC pola: Scholarship at Gettysburg College. It has been accepted for inclusion by an authorized administrator of The uC pola. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Gettysburg College & The aB ttle of Gettysburg: A Civil War Walking Tour Abstract Originally compiled by John Rudy as a student project in 2007 at Gettysburg College, this new, revised edition of the Civil War Walking Tour booklet guides a visitor on a truly unique campus tour. Visitors can walk among buildings from the war era and learn how they were pressed into service during and after the Battle of Gettysburg. Likewise, many college figures such as President Henry Baugher, John "Jack" Hopkins (janitor), and many students are part of this complex and heroic story of Pennsylvania College's story in July 1863. Keywords Civil War, Battle of Gettysburg, Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, Thaddeus Stevens, Abraham Lincoln, Samuel Simon Schmucker, 26th Pennsylvania Emergency Militia Regiment, Pennsylvania College, Abolition, Henry Baugher, Field Hospital, College Edifice Disciplines History | Military History | Social History | United States History This book is available at The uC pola: Scholarship at Gettysburg College: https://cupola.gettysburg.edu/cwfac/5 Gettysburg College the Battle of GETTYSBURG A Civil War Walking Tour Gettysburg College the Battle of Gettysburg A Civil War Walking Tour Developed by John M. Rudy ’07 STOP ONE Abolitionist Roots of Pennsylvania College 2 ettysburg College sits at a cross- The Civil War Era Studies program is roads of history. Across the lawns Gettysburg College’s showcase program STOP TWO The Student Abolition Movement 3 where students now walk, the college for studies in the American Civil War and witnessed fighting that ultimately helped the Civil War era in American History (1848 STOP THREE The 26th Pennsylvania Emergency Regiment 4 decide the fate of freedom in America. –1877). Created in 1998 with funding from But today, very little remains to help conjure the Henry R. Luce Foundation, CWES over- STOP FOUR 5 Battles Around Campus the images of horror and hope which played sees an undergraduate minor in Civil War out on the campus nearly 150 years ago. Era Studies and a “Gettysburg Semester,” STOP FIVE The Failure of the Union Line 6 From sainted halls of learning to which affords undergraduates from outside STOP SIX “Our Jack — Jack the Janitor” 7 ghastly hospital, from pleasant manicured Gettysburg College an opportunity to spend garden to putrid graveyard, the campus an entire “immersion” semester in Civil War STOP SEVEN College Edifice: Field Hospital and Prison 8 was transformed in an instant of war. This studies at Gettysburg. tour attempts to give you a glimpse of that Founded in 1832, Gettysburg College STOP EIGHT President Baugher 9 world. From students serving as soldiers or is a highly selective four-year residential coll- witnessing the war from their dorms, to the ege of liberal arts and sciences with a strong STOP NINE Mr. Lincoln Comes to Gettysburg 10 words Lincoln spoke at the dedication of academic tradition. Alumni include Rhodes the National Cemetery south of town, Scholars, a Nobel laureate, and other distin- 11 Campus Civil War Tour Map step into history and witness the past. guished scholars. The college enrolls 2,600 The tour was originally developed in undergraduate students and is located on a 2007 as an independent study project under 200-acre campus adjacent to the Gettysburg the guidance of history Prof. Allen Guelzo National Military Park in Pennsylvania. www.gettysburg.edu and Instructor Christina Ericson Hansen. Cover: Pennsylvania College, 1840 (cover) Pennsylvania College, July 1863 (above), Photo by Mathew Brady. Photos courtesy of Special Collections, Musselman Library, Gettysburg College. 2nd edition, 2013 1 Stevens Hall (ca. 1870) Photo courtesy of Special Collections, Musselman Library, Completed in 1868, 5 years after the battle, Gettysburg College. Stevens Hall was named for the congressman and radical abolitionist, a physical reminder of one of Gettysburg College’s abolitionist founders. STOP ONE STOP TWO Abolitionist Roots of Pennsylvania College Students and the Abolition Movement hen Gettysburg College — Pennsylvania College. He also provided the n the late 1850s, the view for miles The group might have passed into originally named Pennsylvania College with its original six acres of land. to the north of what is today Lincoln obscurity had it not been for widespread College — was founded in 1832, the Stevens was strongly opposed to slavery. Avenue was farm fields and orchards, rumors that B.D. also stood for the Black issue of slavery was a contentious and Early in his legal career he was heard to many worked by pacifist and abolitionist Ducks, a secret society that on occasion widely debated subject throughout the 24 toast, “The next President. — May he be Quakers. To slaves stumbling northward hid slaves as part of the Underground states of the United States. Less than a a freeman, who never riveted fetters on a from the slaveholding south, the steps Railroad. The Black Ducks participation was year earlier Nat Turner had been executed human slave.” taken through the farm fields of purportedly inspired by a local dance after his failed slave rebellion in Virginia. Some of Stevens’ most outspoken Pennsylvania were some of instructor, Manuel, who on a cold The borough of Gettysburg, fewer than criticism of slavery came in the 1840s, the first on free soil they had December night asked the ten miles from the Mason-Dixon line, when Gettysburg passed a resolution ever trod. In Adams County students to help a fugitive — experienced this unrest between slave quashing speech over the slave issue — and across southern and “Black as the ace of spades owners and abolitionists, as escaped a local gag-rule. This brought Stevens back eastern Pennsylvania, loose — master after him.” The slaves regularly made their way through to the town where he had first practiced networks of black and white young men quickly agreed, the area. law, where he said in a strong speech allies helped these fugitives harboring the man and The College’s founder, Samuel Simon against slavery: “If a man comes to speak draw their first free breaths. eventually spiriting him away Schmucker, was a proponent of gradual, of universal liberty, you answer him with According to local legend, to one of their hideaways on legal emancipation. He himself had owned violence and rotten eggs. Shame! . around this time students at Culp’s Hill, the “glim’s Cave,” a slaves who came to him through marriage, What true freemen would not blush at Pennsylvania College formed an jumble of rocks that had recently been but had eventually emancipated them such behavior.” unofficial and unsanctioned fraternity fashioned into a hiding spot. and allowed them to continue living in his Completed in 1868, 5 years after the called Beta Delta. The members had a By word of mouth in the Gettysburg home until he could find them suitable battle, Stevens Hall was named for the poor reputation in town and were often African-American community, Manuel training or employment. congressman and radical abolitionist, a a thorn in the side of the local constabulary. became a point of contact for escaping Gettysburg’s most famous abolitionist physical reminder of one of Gettysburg With a headquarters on East Middle Street, slaves. In turn, Manuel leaned on the Black was undoubtedly Thaddeus Stevens, a College’s abolitionist founders. a good distance from the campus, the Ducks to help him spirit away the fugitives member of the original board of trustees of B.D.’s were known for late-night parties to the Quaker communities north of town and generally “godless” behavior. and on to freedom further north. “Am I not a man and a brother?” Photo courtesy of the Library of Congress. 2 3 Company A in 1892 at the dedication of their monument at Chambersburg and West streets. Photo by William H. Tipton. Courtesy of Special Collections, Musselman Library, Gettysburg College. STOP THREE STOP FOUR The 26th Pennsylvania Emergency Regiment Battles Around Campus n the heels of his 1863 victory at consequence.” The men were mustered n July 1, 1863, the advance forces Mummasburg road at a run, about 600 the Battle of Chancellorsville in into service at Harrisburg as Company of the Union 1st and 11th corps yards from me.” Fischer witnessed some Virginia, Gen. Robert E. Lee made a bold A of the 26th Pennsylvania Emergency clashed unexpectedly with the advance of the most intense fighting north of the push northward with his Army of Northern Militia Regiment. units of the Army of Northern Virginia. To campus, watching “the 13th Mass and Virginia, up the Shenandoah Valley into Within ten days the soldiers the west, on Oak Ridge, lay the 1st corps, 104th N.Y., who stood in an open meadow. Maryland and Pennsylvania. from Pennsylvania College were back and to the north ran the line of the 11th [He] could see every man fall as he was Because of many false alarms in Gettysburg, and on June 26 were corps.