DOCSLIB.ORG

019217-1 COMPLETO.Pdf

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
019217-1 COMPLETO.Pdf Ie ne fay rien sans Gayete (Montaigne, Des livres) Ex Libris Jose Mindlin V\ % WW^. I/X/V^ . ^1K Fogflge of tije 'CDfjaUenger.' THE ATLANTIC. T l^Wy.-O Zl Onaba/it&O' -w te^Jr'far/i a- oVicUvif/JA Z'srdiTi Pi-Mishsiby Mcu.mdla.ri, & C? THE ATLANTIC A PRELIMINAEY ACCOUNT OF THE GENERAL RESULTS OF # THE. EXPLORING VOYAGE OF H.M.S. 'CHALLENGER' DURING THE YEAR 1873 AND THE EARLY PART OF THE YEAR 1876 BY SIR C. WYVILLE THOMSON KNT., LL.D., D.Sc, F.R.SS.L. & E., F.L.S., F.G.S., ETC. Regius Professor of Natural History in the University of EAiiiburgh, And Director of the Civilian Scientific Staff of the ' Challenger' Exploring Expedition. IN TWO VOLUMES. VOLUME I. jgnMiefctn bg §.u%rhg of % Iorbs flmrarassimura of % JPmrralis. $xmbmi: MACMILLAN AND CO. 1877. TO THE RIGHT HONOURABLE G. J. GOSCHEN, M.P., UNDEE WHOSE ADMINISTRATION, AS FIEST LOED OF THE ADMIRALTY, THE 'CHALLENGER' EXPEDITION WAS OBGANIZED, %\m Mttnws AEE EESPEGTFULLY DEDICATED, AS A MAEK OF WAEM APPEECIATION OF THE EFFECTIVE INTEEEST WHICH HE HAS TAKEN IN THE ADVANCEMENT OP SCIENCE, AND OF SCIENTIFIC INSTEUCTION IN THE NAVY. EDINBURGH, January 2nd, 1877. "^ PKEEACE. THESE two volumes consist chiefly of an abstract of the less technical portions of my own journal for the first year of the voyage of the 'Challenger' (1873), and the early part of the fourth year (1876), when she again traversed the Atlantic on her way home. With these 1 have incorporated some of the more novel results of the observations of my colleagues, and I have added, usually in the form of Appendices, such Meteorological Tables, Tables of depths and of sea-temperatures, and Tables, of specific-gravity de­ terminations, as shall be sufficient to place in the hands of our fellow-workers in the field of Physical Geography at all events an abstract of the data on which our conclusions and speculations are founded, and enable them to judge for themselves. I had much hesitation in attempting to prepare these volumes for publication, at sea; for the last four years the duties of each day have nearly fully occupied our time: our minds have been continually distracted by new impressions and by the necessity X PREFACE. of devoting undivided attention to new objects of interest; ship-life is generally unfavourable to steady- work, and during a great part of the time the motion of the ship makes it impossible to have even the limited space at one's command in his cabin, littered with papers and journals and memoranda in the orderly confusion which is inseparable from comfort­ able literary work. Although there was a reference library on board the ' Challenger,' excellent under the circumstances, it was of course by no means complete enough to enable us to go with safety into matters of detail. Still, notwithstanding these diffi­ culties, it seemed to me so desirable that a sketch of our proceedings and of the more important results of the Expedition should be made public at as early a date as possible, that I determined to make the attempt. At first I hoped that it might have been possible to make the publication of the journal almost keep pace with the voyage, or that at all events the rough results of one year's work might have been published during the next, and accordingly a great part of the first volume was written and put into type during the year 1874. I found, however, 'that this was imprac­ ticable ; the uncertainty of communication became greater as the voyage proceeded; and inevitable delays having occurred, further observations con­ stantly made it necessary to modify previously formed opinions, or desirable to strengthen them by additional evidence. We arrived in England on the 24th of May, 1876, PREFACE. xi with the rough journal of the cruise in a sense complete, but not in a form for publication. Erom the amount of work thrown upon my hands in getting the collections into order, and having arrange­ ments made for the working out of the scientific results, the difficulties in the way were even greater than they had been on ship-board; and now, nearly a year after our return, the first two volumes only are completed. In a former volume1 I have given a general his­ tory of deep-sea investigations. I have described with some minuteness the appliances and methods employed during the preliminary cruises of the ' Lightning' and ' Porcupine' in ascertaining the exact depth, in taking bottom and intermediate temperatures, and in determining the distribution of the deep-sea fauna by means of the dredge; and I have stated the general conclusions on various questions to which we were at that time led by the study and generalization of our results. Although the additional experience which we have now gained has caused me to alter my views on one or two im­ portant points, I adhere in the main to the opinions and statements contained in that book, and to save unnecessary repetition I shall regard 'The Depths of the Sea' as a general introduction to the series of volumes giving an outline of the ' Challenger' Circumnavigating Expedition. This last undertaking was on a very different scale from the trial cruises of the gun-boats, and 1 ' The Depths of the Sea.' Second Edition. Macmillan and Co. x[[ PREFACE. the first chapter is occupied with the description of the much more complete arrangements for scientific work on board the ' Challenger.' After the termination of the cruise of the ' Porcu­ pine ' I had a very strong conviction that the forami- nifera of the genera Globigerina, Orbulina, and JPul- vinulina, which are chiefly concerned in forming the modem chalk, lived on the bottom ; our later obser­ vations have, however, satisfied me that they never live on the bottom ; but that they inhabit the surface, and the water to a limited depth beneath it. My general views with regard to ocean-circulation remain unaltered; I think, however, that we have now good reason to believe that the indraught of water at a low temperature into the Atlantic and Pacific—gulfs as we may almost call them,—from the Southern Sea, is to a great extent due to an excess of precipitation over evaporation in the : water-hemi­ sphere ' and a corresponding excess of evaporation over precipitation in the ' land-hemisphere ;' that in fact a part of the circuit of general ocean circulation passes through the atmosphere. The Zoological descriptions and determinations both in ' The Depths of the Sea' and in this pre­ liminary sketch of the proceedings of the ' Chal­ lenger' must be regarded as to a certain extent provisional; some of the more remarkable and novel forms have been selected for illustration to give a general idea of the fades of deep-sea life, but the amount of new material is very large, and it will take some years of the patient work of many hands, PREFACE. Xlll with full access to libraries and F c. R. 8.5 = _ collections, to bring it into ^&£— 23 order. —23- —p7~ 22 80 As in 'The Depths of the -— ES! 21 Sea,' the metrical system of 20 measurement and the centi­ 75 _j^ = = 19 grade thermometer scale are -a-a- 18 ^t employed in these volumes. In — case the centigrade notation 70 -S4-I- iz^z 17 =9^ 16 should not be familiar to all ;= —1-9- IS my readers, I introduce a f>S =13= • 14 comparative scale, embodying —17- those of Eahrenheit, Celsius —TK~ 15 60 La_ 12 (Centigrade), and Pdaumur, for — • reference.* II 55 =RT With few exceptions the illus­ — ^= 10 —12- trations are from drawings by 9 H : Mr. J. J. Wild; and as in the 50 =ls= I^H S former volume I have to give =9= 7 my best thanks to Mr. Cooper for —fi— 46 —— 6 the excellent manner in which =EZ= 5 Mr. Wild's beautiful drawings ft - =s= 4 have been rendered on the 40 ==~ —4— 3 = ' wood. —a»— 2 After the first chapters of 35 —2— . J 1 these volumes were written -—•— ;33e many changes took place in our E3SE: : -=ir! : 1 staff. Captain Nares, P.R.S., M) :m^= •=•2= 2 was recalled at the end of the == ^3 * 1° Fahrenheit = 0-55'J C = 0'44° R. ?5 == 3 0 -~4 _^=^= I 'Centigrade = 0-80° E, = 1-80° F. _4 .1° Reaumur = 1"25° 0. = 2-25° F. ZZ3S xiv PREFACE. second year, to take command of the Arctic Expedi­ tion. This was a heavy blow to the 'Challenger.' Captain Nares, from his experience as a surveying officer, was eminently fitted to direct the executive in such an undertaking, and the deep interest which he took in every branch of our investigations, and the intelligent knowledge which he possessed of their scope and objects, were the best possible guarantee for the various operations being thoroughly and conscien­ tiously carried out. We were indeed most fortunate in the choice of a successor to Captain Nares, for Captain Erank Thomson, although identified with another branch of the service, and lying under the further disadvantage of wanting the experience in the new field of research which we had laboriously gained during the two previous years, showed himself in every way anxious to carry out the system initiated by Captain Nares, and to adopt any reasonable suggestion for the more complete performance of our task. I think nearly all of us, naval and civilian, wildly volunteered to follow oar old Captain—to the Pole or anywhere else.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Life and Letters of a Royal Navy Surgeon, Edward Lawton Moss MD
    REVIEWS • 109 why they are the crème de la crème. Chapters 7a and 7b pic- plateau of Washington Irving Island off the entrance to ture and describe some of these items. Chapter 7c, entitled Dobbin Bay on the east coast of Ellesmere Island. Much to “Gems Showcase,” is a visual feast. No fewer than 43 pages their surprise, they discovered two ancient-looking stone are devoted to images, almost all in colour, of polar material cairns on the plateau, but failed to locate any evidence of such as notices of various kinds, postcards, covers, and let- who might have built them. Moss made a quick sketch of ters. This section alone is worth the price of the book. the two cairns, a sketch he later back in England turned into The ultimate goal of many philatelists is to exhibit their a colour painting, now kept at the Scott Polar Institute in collections and, they hope, to earn a commensurate award. Cambridge. The drawing and the mention of the cairns in Chapter eight outlines the differences between showing one’s the expedition diaries resulted in our own investigation of collection and exhibiting it. Although many of the processes the plateau in July 1979. By then, numerous finds of Norse involved in showing a polar exhibit are the same as those artifacts in nearby 12th century Inuit house ruins strongly of exhibiting a general postal history collection, the author suggested that the builders of the old cairns could have been explains the differences in some detail. If an exhibit is to Norse explorers from Greenland (McCullough and Schled- do well in competition, planning, deciding what to include, ermann, 1999).
    [Show full text]
  • Salty Dogs and 'Philosophers': a Saga of Seafaring Scientists and Sailors Helen Rozwadowski [email protected]
    University of Connecticut OpenCommons@UConn Wrack Lines University of Connecticut Sea Grant July 2003 Salty Dogs and 'Philosophers': a Saga of Seafaring Scientists and Sailors Helen Rozwadowski [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://opencommons.uconn.edu/wracklines Recommended Citation Rozwadowski, Helen, "Salty Dogs and 'Philosophers': a Saga of Seafaring Scientists and Sailors" (2003). Wrack Lines. 6. https://opencommons.uconn.edu/wracklines/6 Salty Dogs and 'Philosophers' a Saga of Seafaring Scientists and Sailors Helen M. Rozwadowski ne definition of an oceanogra- fields–physics, chemistry, biology, and More than land-based institutions, pher, at least until recently, is a geology–on the project of understand- ships function tightly as units. Oscientist who goes to sea. Now, ing the oceans. Its practitioners did not Scientists traveling on ships, especially satellite data collection and remote sens- share a common set of intellectual ques- those whose primary mission was not ing may be permanently changing the tions, nor do they today. Instead, they science, fit only uneasily into the ship’s ocean-going culture of marine sciences. shared the experiences of boarding ves- bounded universe. They had to seek the Oceanography as it emerged in the last sels, meeting sailors, and wrestling with cooperation of captains, officers, and q u a rter of the nineteenth century the maritime gear used to retrieve data common sailors who had priorities and focused the attention of many scientific or specimens from the restless sea. interests quite distinct from their own. Producing scientific knowledge about the ocean during the nineteenth cen- tury required scientists to integrate their work with existing maritime practices, traditions, and technologies.
    [Show full text]
  • Memoirs of Hydrography
    MEMOIRS 07 HYDROGRAPHY INCLUDING Brief Biographies of the Principal Officers who have Served in H.M. NAVAL SURVEYING SERVICE BETWEEN THE YEARS 1750 and 1885 COMPILED BY COMMANDER L. S. DAWSON, R.N. I 1s t tw o PARTS. P a r t II.—1830 t o 1885. EASTBOURNE: HENRY W. KEAY, THE “ IMPERIAL LIBRARY.” iI i / PREF A CE. N the compilation of Part II. of the Memoirs of Hydrography, the endeavour has been to give the services of the many excellent surveying I officers of the late Indian Navy, equal prominence with those of the Royal Navy. Except in the geographical abridgment, under the heading of “ Progress of Martne Surveys” attached to the Memoirs of the various Hydrographers, the personal services of officers still on the Active List, and employed in the surveying service of the Royal Navy, have not been alluded to ; thereby the lines of official etiquette will not have been over-stepped. L. S. D. January , 1885. CONTENTS OF PART II ♦ CHAPTER I. Beaufort, Progress 1829 to 1854, Fitzroy, Belcher, Graves, Raper, Blackwood, Barrai, Arlett, Frazer, Owen Stanley, J. L. Stokes, Sulivan, Berard, Collinson, Lloyd, Otter, Kellett, La Place, Schubert, Haines,' Nolloth, Brock, Spratt, C. G. Robinson, Sheringham, Williams, Becher, Bate, Church, Powell, E. J. Bedford, Elwon, Ethersey, Carless, G. A. Bedford, James Wood, Wolfe, Balleny, Wilkes, W. Allen, Maury, Miles, Mooney, R. B. Beechey, P. Shortland, Yule, Lord, Burdwood, Dayman, Drury, Barrow, Christopher, John Wood, Harding, Kortright, Johnson, Du Petit Thouars, Lawrance, Klint, W. Smyth, Dunsterville, Cox, F. W. L. Thomas, Biddlecombe, Gordon, Bird Allen, Curtis, Edye, F.
    [Show full text]
  • Soil-Dwelling Polychaetes: Enigmatic As Ever? Some Hints on Their
    Contributions to Zoology, 70 (3) 127-138 (2001) SPB Academic Publishing bv, The Hague Soil-dwelling polychaetes: enigmatic as ever? Some hints on their phylogenetic relationships as suggested by a maximum parsimony analysis of 18S rRNA gene sequences ³ Emilia Rota Patrick Martin² & Christer Erséus ¹, 1 di Dipartimento Biologia Evolutivei. Universitd di Siena, via P. A. Mattioli 4. IT-53100 Siena, Italy, e-mail: 2 Institut des Sciences naturelles de des [email protected]; royal Belgique, Biologic Eaux donees, 29 rue Vautier, B-1000 e-mail: 3 Bruxelles, Belgium, [email protected]; Department of Invertebrate Zoology, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Box 50007, SE-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden, e-mail: [email protected] Keywords: Terrestrial Polychaeta, Parergodrilus heideri, Stygocapitella subterranea, Hrabeiella I8S rRNA periglandulata, gene, molecular phylogeny, rapid radiation Abstract Collectionof new specimens 130 DNA extraction, amplification and sequencing 130 Alignment To re-evaluate 130 the various hypotheses on the systematic position of Phylogenetic analyses 130 Parergodrilus heideri Reisinger, 1925 and Hrabeiella Results 132 periglandulata Pizl & Chalupský, 1984,the sole truly terrestrial Discussion 132 non-clitellateannelidsknown to date, their phylogenetic relation- ships Acknowledgements 136 were investigated using a data set of new 18S rDNA References 136 of sequences these and other five relevant annelid taxa, including an unknown of species Ctenodrilidae, as well as homologous sequences available for 18 already polychaetes, one aphano- neuran, 11 clitellates, two pogonophorans, one echiuran, one Introduction sipunculan, three molluscs and two arthropods. Two different alignments were constructed, according to analgorithmic method terrestrial forms constitute (Clustal Truly a tiny minority W) and on the basis of a secondary structure model non-clitellate annelids, (DCSE), A maximum parsimony analysis was performed with among only represented by arthropods asan unambiguous outgroup.
    [Show full text]
  • The Genome of the Poecilogonous Annelid Streblospio Benedicti Christina Zakas1, Nathan D
    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.04.15.440069; this version posted April 16, 2021. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. The genome of the poecilogonous annelid Streblospio benedicti Christina Zakas1, Nathan D. Harry1, Elizabeth H. Scholl2 and Matthew V. Rockman3 1Department of Genetics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA 2Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA 3Department of Biology and Center for Genomics & Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY, USA [email protected] [email protected] Abstract Streblospio benedicti is a common marine annelid that has become an important model for developmental evolution. It is the only known example of poecilogony, where two distinct developmental modes occur within a single species, that is due to a heritable difference in egg size. The dimorphic developmental programs and life-histories exhibited in this species depend on differences within the genome, making it an optimal model for understanding the genomic basis of developmental divergence. Studies using S. benedicti have begun to uncover the genetic and genomic principles that underlie developmental uncoupling, but until now they have been limited by the lack of availability of genomic tools. Here we present an annotated chromosomal-level genome assembly of S. benedicti generated from a combination of Illumina reads, Nanopore long reads, Chicago and Hi-C chromatin interaction sequencing, and a genetic map from experimental crosses. At 701.4 Mb, the S. benedicti genome is the largest annelid genome to date that has been assembled to chromosomal scaffolds, yet it does not show evidence of extensive gene family expansion, but rather longer intergenic regions.
    [Show full text]
  • “A Good Advertisement for Teetotallers”: Polar Explorers and Debates Over the Health Effects of Alcohol, 1875–1904
    EDWARD ARMSTON-SHERET “A GOOD ADVERTISEMENT FOR TEATOTALERS”: POLAR EXPLORERS AND DEBATES OVER THE HEALTH EFFECTS OF ALCOHOL AS PUBLISHED IN THE SOCIAL HISTORY OF ALCOHOL AND DRUGS. AUTHOR’S POST-PRINT VERSION, SEPTEMBER 2019. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1086/705337 1 | P a g e “A good advertisement for teetotalers”: Polar explorers and debates over the health effects of alcohol, 1875–1904.1 Abstract: This paper examines discussions about drink and temperance on British polar expeditions around the turn of the twentieth century. In doing so, I highlight how expeditionary debates about drinking reflected broader shifts in social and medical attitudes towards alcohol. These changes meant that by the latter part of the nineteenth century, practices of expeditionary drinking could make or break the reputation of a polar explorer, particularly on an expedition that experienced an outbreak of scurvy. At the same time, I demonstrate the importance of travel and exploration in changing medical understandings of alcohol. I examine these issues through an analysis of two expeditions organized along naval lines—the British Arctic Expedition (1875–6) and the British National Antarctic Expedition (1901–4)—and, in doing so, demonstrate that studying 1 I would like to thank Dr James Kneale, Dr Innes M. Keighren, and Professor Klaus Dodds for their invaluable comments on drafts of this paper. An earlier version of this paper was also presented in a seminar at the Huntington Library, California, and benefited from the comments and suggestions of those who attended. This research was supported by the Arts and Humanities Research Council (AHRC) through the TECHE doctoral training partnership and by an AHRC International Placement Scheme Fellowship at the Huntington Library.
    [Show full text]
  • Chivalry at the Poles: British Sledge Flags PROCEEDINGS Barbara Tomlinson Curator, the National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, UK
    Chivalry at the Poles: British Sledge Flags PROCEEDINGS Barbara Tomlinson Curator, The National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, UK In 1999 Captain Robert Falcon Scott’s sledge flag was sold by the family and purchased at Christies on 17 September by the National Maritime Museum. This is what we may call Scott’s official sledge flag recogniz‑ able in the photographs of the ill‑fated polar party at the South Pole and subsequently recovered from their tent by Atkinson’s search party on 12 November 1912. The flag is in heavyweight silk sateen, machine-stitched with a cross of St. George at the hoist, the rest of the flag divided horizontally, white over blue. The Scott family crest of a stag’s head and the motto “Ready Aye Ready” are embroidered in brown in the centre. Photograph of one of Scott’s Expeditions Various types of flags were used on polar expeditions... ensigns, depot marking flags and the Union flag taken to plant at the Pole should a sledge party arrive there. There is quite a close relationship between sledge flags and boat flags. British expeditions were seeking a route through the Canadian archipelago or attempting to reach Captain R F Scott’s Sledge Flag the North Pole over the sea ice of the Arctic Ocean- a This is not the only surviving sledge flag belonging to complicated mix of ice and water. William Edward Parry’s Scott, another of similar design, carried on his first expe‑ North Pole expedition of 1827 used sledges and boats dition in Discovery was presented to Exeter Cathedral constructed with runners to cross the hummocky pack ice by his mother and now hangs on the south wall of the and the channels of water which opened up in summer.
    [Show full text]
  • Turbo-Taxonomy: 21 New Species of Myzostomida (Annelida)
    Zootaxa 3873 (4): 301–344 ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2014 Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3873.4.1 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:84F8465A-595F-4C16-841E-1A345DF67AC8 Turbo-taxonomy: 21 new species of Myzostomida (Annelida) MINDI M. SUMMERS1,3, IIN INAYAT AL-HAKIM2 & GREG W. ROUSE1,3 1Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UCSD, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA 2Research Center for Oceanography, Indonesian Institute of Sciences (RCO-LIPI), Jl. Pasir Putih I, Ancol Timur, Jakarta 14430, Indonesia 3Correspondence. E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Abstract An efficient protocol to identify and describe species of Myzostomida is outlined and demonstrated. This taxonomic ap- proach relies on careful identification (facilitated by an included comprehensive table of available names with relevant geographical and host information) and concise descriptions combined with DNA sequencing, live photography, and ac- curate host identification. Twenty-one new species are described following these guidelines: Asteromyzostomum grygieri n. sp., Endomyzostoma scotia n. sp., Endomyzostoma neridae n. sp., Mesomyzostoma lanterbecqae n. sp., Hypomyzos- toma jasoni n. sp., Hypomyzostoma jonathoni n. sp., Myzostoma debiae n. sp., Myzostoma eeckhauti n. sp., Myzostoma hollandi n. sp., Myzostoma indocuniculus n. sp., Myzostoma josefinae n. sp., Myzostoma kymae n. sp., Myzostoma lau- renae n. sp., Myzostoma miki n. sp., Myzostoma pipkini n. sp., Myzostoma susanae n. sp., Myzostoma tertiusi n. sp., Pro- tomyzostomum lingua n. sp., Protomyzostomum roseus n. sp., Pulvinomyzostomum inaki n. sp., and Pulvinomyzostomum messingi n. sp. Key words: systematics, polychaete, marine, symbiosis, crinoid, asteroid, ophiuroid, parasite, taxonomic impediment Background Estimations of Earth’s biodiversity vary by orders of magnitude (e.g.
    [Show full text]
  • Mycomyzostoma Calcidicola Gen. Et Sp. Nov., the First Extant Parasitic Myzostome Infesting Crinoid Stalks, with a Nomenclatural Appendix by M
    Species Diversity, 1998, 3. 89 103 Mycomyzostoma calcidicola gen. et sp. nov., the First Extant Parasitic Myzostome Infesting Crinoid Stalks, with a Nomenclatural Appendix by M. J. Grygier Igor Eeckhaut Laboratoire de Biologie marine, Universite de Mons-Hainaut, 19 Avenue Maistriau, 7000 Mons (Received 10 March 1997; Accepted 24 October 1997) A new genus and species of Myzostomida is described by means of light and electron microscopy. Mycomyzostoma calcidicola is a parasitic myzostome inducing cysts on the stalks of Saracrinus nobilis, a crinoid collected around New Caledonia. The main characteristics of the species are the unusual body shape of the female, the total regression of the female parapodia, the absence of digestive caeca in the females, the total regression of the digestive system in the males, and the site of the cysts. The discovery of M calcidicola re-opens the debate about the probable myzostomidan origin of parasitic traces occurring on pre- Pennsylvanian crinoid stalks. Key Words: Mycomyzostoma calcidicola gen. et sp. nov., cysticolous, crinoid, Saracrinus nobilis, trace fossil interpretation, stereom, ossicles, marine parasitology. Introduction Myzostomes are marine worms living in association with echinoderms, espe cially crinoids but also ophiuroids and asteroids. Their exact phylogenetic affinities are still unsettled, due mainly to their unique morphology: they are dorso-ventrally flattened, pseudo-segmented, acoelomate worms that have some annelidan characters (e.g., the possession of chaetae and trochophora larvae) as well as their own unique features (e.g., the presence of a myoepidermis and of spermatocysts in which spermatozoa differentiate) (Eeckhaut 1995). The last significant taxonomic paper dealing with the higher classification of the Myzostomida was by Jagersten (1940), who divided the group into two orders and seven monogeneric families.
    [Show full text]
  • Instructions Nautiques
    Volume 1, quatneme edition DFO - Libra I MPO - Bibllothequel II I II lill 1111111 II II 14062957 INSTRUCTIONS NAUTIQUES ARCTIQUE CANADIEN VK 808 157 V.1 1994 Peches Fisheries et Oceans and Oceans Canadi t - LSANS CANIOC\ '1471rognyme C!:•(iermel)n Rimouski (01,14bed 35:_ 484 TOL et fax ,418) `,723-18,31 marinas, topographiques et mattes VK 808 157 V.1 1994 Service hydrographique d.. Instructions nautiques : Arctique canadien, vol. 1 179860 14062957 c.1 INSTRUCTIONS NAUTIQUES-ARCTIQUE CANADIEN Volume 1 Photographie de couyerture — Brise- glace NGCC George R. Pearkes escortant les remorqueurs Angus Sherwood et Johnny Hope. Le Service hydrographique du Canada produit et distribue des Cartes marines, des Instructions nautiques, des Guides nautiques et des Tables des mardes des voies navigables du Canada. Les usagers de cette publication sont pries de signaler les dangers nouvellement reperes, les changements des aides a la navigation, l'existence de nouveaux hauts-fonds ou chenaux, les erreurs d'impression ou autres renseignements utiles a la correction des cartes marines et des publications hydrographiques touchant les eaux canadiennes au : Directeur general Service hydrographique du Canada Ministere des Peches et des Oceans Ottawa (Ontario) K 1 A 0E6 Les Instructions nautiques, Guides nautiques, Tables des maries, Tables des niveaux de l'eau, Rapports des activites et Marine Sciences Papers sont publies par la Direction generale des communications pour le Service hydrographique du Canada. On peut se procurer ces publications par le Groupe Communication Canada — Edition ou au Service hydrographique du Canada. YGO INSTRUCTIONS NAUTIQUES ARCTIQUE CANADIEN VOL. 1 QUATRIEME EDITION 1994 Ministere des Vetches et des Oceans Ottawa, Canada ©Ministre des Approvisionnements et Services Canada 1994 En vente par la poste au : Groupe Communication Canada — Edition Ottawa, Canada K1A 0S9 ou chez votre libraire ou au Bureau de distribution des cartes marines Ministere des Peches et des Oceans C.P.
    [Show full text]
  • Fort Conger: a Site of Arctic History in the 21St Century MARGARET M
    ARCTIC VOL. 66, NO. 3 (SEPTEMBER 2013) P. 312 – 328 Fort Conger: A Site of Arctic History in the 21st Century MARGARET M. BERTULLI,1 LYLE DICK, 2 PETER C. DAWSON3 and PANIK LYNN COUSINS4 (Received 19 September 2012; accepted in revised form 15 January 2013) ABSTRACT. Fort Conger, located at Discovery Harbour in Lady Franklin Bay on northern Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, played an intrinsic role in several High Arctic expeditions between 1875 and 1935, particularly around 1900 – 10 during the height of the Race to the North Pole. Here are found the remains of historic voyages of exploration and discovery related to the 19th century expeditions of G.S. Nares and A.W. Greely, early 20th century expeditions of R.E. Peary, and forays by explorers, travelers, and government and military personnel. In the Peary era, Fort Conger’s connection with indigenous people was amplified, as most of the expedition personnel who were based there were Inughuit from Greenland, and the survival strategies of the explorers were largely derived from Inughuit material cultural and environmental expertise. The complex of shelters at Fort Conger symbolizes an evolution from the rigid application of Western knowledge, as represented in the unsuitable prefab- ricated Greely expedition house designed in the United States, towards the pragmatic adaptation of Aboriginal knowledge represented in the Inughuit-influenced shelters that still stand today. Fort Conger currently faces various threats to its longevity: degradation of wooden structures through climate and weathering, bank erosion, visitation, and inorganic contami- nation. Its early history and links with Greenlandic Inughuit have suggested that the science of heritage preservation, along with management practices of monitoring, remediation of contamination, and 3D laser scanning, should be applied to maintain the site for future generations.
    [Show full text]
  • Anthology of Arctic Reading: General
    Anthology of Arctic Reading: General General Works This miscellaneous section includes works of general interest, some not specifically Polar, works of multiple expeditions, and works dealing with long period of Arctic exploration. Also included in this general section are excerpts from whaling books not associated with individual voyages, and not exclusively polar journeys. Allan, Mea. The Hookers of Kew 1785-1911. London: Michael Joseph, 1967. Joseph Hooker was part of the Erebus and Terror Antarctic expedition led by James Clark Ross, an expedition poorly equipped for scientific investigation p. 113, quotes Hooker himself: Except for some drying paper for plants, I had not a single instrument or book supplied to me as a naturalist—all were given to me by my father. I had, however, the use of Ross’s library, and you may hardly credit it, but it is a fact, that not a single glass bottle was supplied for collecting purposes, empty pickle bottles were all we had, and rum as preservative for the ship’s stores. Anderson, Charles Roberts. Melville in the South Seas. New York: Columbia University Press, 1939. Melville joined the navy in August 1843, and joined the United States in Honolulu in 1844, spending fourteen months on U.S. naval duty between Honolulu and Boston, arriving there in October 1844. p. 358, in Honolulu: The next thirty days were spent preparing for the homeward-bound cruise. A number of men and officers whose terms of service had not expired were transferred to ships that were to remain on the station. Among these were Midshipmen Samuel R.
    [Show full text]