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L'intero Libro in Formato Il Terzo Secolo Cronache americane Piero Scaruffi Feltrinelli, 1997 Copyright c Piero Scaruffi, 1997 Edited in LATEX on April 2021 by Matteo Nicoli Indice Prefazione.................................... ii Il dibattito sull'aborto.............................1 La pestilenza dell'AIDS............................2 La minaccia ambientale............................3 A{life......................................6 Baby boomers..................................7 La censura....................................8 Cheese...................................... 10 Christian Coalition............................... 13 Il contratto con l'America e i 100 giorni.................... 15 La contro{informazione............................. 16 La controcultura in pensione.......................... 17 La paranoia della cospirazione globale..................... 21 I cyberpunk................................... 22 Debiti...................................... 25 Le drag queen.................................. 27 La guerra alla droga.............................. 28 L'editoria digitale................................ 29 Il fondamentalismo cristiano.......................... 31 Forum elettronici e comunit`avirtuali..................... 34 La civilt`agay.................................. 37 Generazione X................................. 39 La crisi della sfiducia nella giustizia...................... 42 Gun control................................... 45 I gun show.................................... 47 Hacker e virus informatici........................... 48 L'inconscio fra psicanalisi, magia e misticismo................ 51 L'Internet.................................... 53 Le information superhighway......................... 56 i ii Il sistema legale pi`ugeneroso del mondo................... 59 Rush Limbaugh................................. 60 Le live world news e la storia dal vivo..................... 62 L'inferno urbano di Los Angeles........................ 64 Medicina olistica e affini............................ 67 Le milizie.................................... 69 La National Rifle Association......................... 71 Il Nuovo Ordine Mondiale........................... 72 I gruppi dell'odio................................ 74 L'omicidio.................................... 76 La crisi dei partiti............................... 78 Il post{femminismo............................... 81 Tutti in prigione................................ 82 I rave...................................... 84 Il lascito della reaganomics........................... 86 Realignment................................... 88 L'economia della recessione.......................... 89 Religione senza dio............................... 92 Riot grrrls.................................... 94 I rituali degli adolescenti............................ 97 La rivolta fiscale................................ 99 Robot...................................... 102 La disfatta della scienza............................ 104 Il separatismo nero............................... 107 I serial killer................................... 109 La contro{rivoluzione sessuale......................... 112 Le sette religiose................................ 115 Il processo a O.J. Simpson........................... 118 La sitcom.................................... 121 Smart Drugs.................................. 122 La spiritualit`adella new age.......................... 123 Le street gang.................................. 126 I suprematisti.................................. 129 I suprematisti neri............................... 132 Talk show.................................... 135 La televisione dopo la televisione....................... 137 Il teppismo giovanile.............................. 139 Il transumanesimo tecnologico......................... 140 iii Valley girls................................... 142 La World Wide Web.............................. 143 iv Prefazione Una panoramica dei principali fenomeni sociali dell'America degli anni '90 pone innanzitutto il problema di decidere \quali" fenomeni sociali vadano trattati e quali esclusi: la campagna elettorale o le \riot grrrrls"? Wall Street o la Silicon Valley? Hollywood o i cyberpunk? Abbiamo scelto di centrare l'obiettivo sui fenomeni autenticamente americani, e pi`upropriamente degli anni '90, almeno per tre ragioni: la prima, non trascurabile, `e la simpatia dell'autore per questi fenomeni (anticonformisti, imprevedibili o quanto meno unici al mondo, a prescindere dal giudizio morale che se ne voglia dare); la seconda `eche essi sono, in particolare quelli giovanili, quelli che sfuggono pi`ufacil- mente ai mezzi d'informazione italiani; la terza `eche probabilmente questi \sono" la vera America. Ogni volta che si tenta di ricondurre la societ`aamericana ai paradigmi europei (ai concetti tradizionali di politica, di cultura, di economia) si commette una palese scorrettezza di metodo. La societ`aamericana `eunica proprio in quanto ha rimesso e rimette continuamente in discussione quei parametri. Pi`uche tentare un'analisi razionale della societ`aamericana nel suo insieme abbia- mo pertanto preferito strutturare il lavoro in una sequenza di primi piani. Il mosaico un po' caotico e contraddittorio che ne risulta `ela definizione migliore di America che abbiamo trovato. Speriamo che l'immagine degli Stati Uniti a uscire da questo libro sia pi`ufedele alla realt`adi quella talvolta artificiosa che `estata creata nei decenni dai media (com- presi quelli americani). In un certo senso abbiamo tentato di trasmettere al lettore la sensazione di vivere qui. E chi vive qui non presta molta attenzione alla Bosnia, ma in compenso sa benissimo che ogni sabato a mezzanotte in centinaia di cinema americani viene proiettato il \Rocky Horror Picture Show" con il suo pittoresco ri- tuale; non segue le oscillazioni del dollaro ma segue le vicende dei \cyberpunk"; non ascolta i discorsi del presidente ma `eincollato al televisore per le principali \sitcom"; forse non saprebbe neppure riconoscere i vari stati dell'unione su una cartina ma gli `echiaro dove hanno preso domicilio milizie e sette religiose. Speriamo insomma di contribuire a creare un contatto meno marginale e meno deformato con la realt`aquotidiana dell'americano medio. Confesso che il libro `eun derivato della mia Storia del Rock. I primi volumi di quell'opera anteponevano alla trattazione di ogni scuola musicale una breve disserta- zione socio-storica. Ampliando l'orizzonte, `enato questo mosaico di saggi-cronache, che spero sia utile ai lettori per capire meglio non soltanto la musica rock ma tutto v ci`oche capita nella societ`aamericana, il pi`ugrande laboratorio sociale dei nostri tempi. Stanford University, Settembre 1995 Piero Scaruffi 1 Il dibattito sull'aborto Gli Stati Uniti, il primo paese a concedere alle donne il diritto di voto, sono stati invece fra i pi`ureticenti a concedere il diritto all'aborto. Negli anni '60 l'aborto era liberamente praticato in quasi tutti gli stati del nord, ma ufficialmente era ancora illegale. Nel 1973 la Corte Suprema diede ragione a una donna nota (ai tempi) soltanto come \Jane Roe" (Norma McCorvey). Roe, praticamente cresciuta nei riformatori, all'eta' di 21 anni aveva gi`aavuto tre figli, il primo da un uomo che l'aveva violentata, gli altri due da padri anonimi, durante un periodo in cui era alcoolizzata e tossicodipendente. Lott`ostrenuamente per poter abortire la quarta volta, ma la decisione della Corte Suprema arriv`oquando aveva gi`apartorito. La sentenza decret`ocomunque l'inizio del processo di liberalizzazione dell'aborto. Gli anni '80 hanno visto formarsi due schieramenti fortemente polarizzati: quel- lo dei \pro-life", in gran parte raccolti sotto l'ombrello dell'\Operation Rescue" di Randall Terry, con sede a Dallas, e quello dei \pro-choice", guidati dalla \Planned Parenthood Federation Of America" di Jane Johnson, con sede a New York. Grosso modo i primi rappresentano l'estrema destra repubblicana, arroccata attorno a Chri- stian Coalitione fondamentalisti cristiani, e i secondi le femministe democratiche. Mentre i primi tendono ad essere sia maschi sia femmine, i secondi sono per lo pi`u donne. Nel 1993 David Gunn, dottore in una clinica della Florida che pratica l'aborto, diventa il primo martire del genere quando un fanatico cristiano, Michael Griffin gli spara a bruciapelo. Dei tredici dottori che comparivano in un volantino della \Ame- rican Coalition Of Life Advocates" di Andrew Burnett (capo anche di \Advocates For Life Ministries") cinque sono gi`astati vittime di attentati. L'isteria scatenata dai leader della crociata anti{aborzionista come John Burt, da \Rescue America", da \Our Father's House", da \Shadowland", dalle infinite organizzazioni che si battono per l'abolizione dell'aborto, ha fatto la sua prima vittima (pochi giorni prima Burt aveva organizzato una manifestazione i cui dimostranti issavano poster del dr. Gunn con la scritta \Ricercato, vivo o morto"). Vi saranno altre sparatorie contro cliniche aborzioniste e altre vittime. Nelle zone pi`uconservatrici gli anti{aborzionisti riescono a creare un'atmosfera di terrore degna del Ku Klux Klan. Nel 1994 a Blair, nel Bebraska, la figlia quindi- cenne di Carl Scott, rimasta incinta di un vicino sedicenne, `estata al centro di un caso emblematico, risoltosi nel 1995 con una denuncia sporta contro la famiglia del ragazzo, la polizia, un dottore e un giudice, tutti rei di aver impedito alla ragazza di abortire. Non appena avvertiti che la ragazza aveva deciso di abortire, una folla di 2 vicini irruppe in casa Scott
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