ORGANIZATION AND INDIVIDUAL SECURITY Collective Monograph Edited by Ivita Kīsnica This book is created with financial support of NORDPLSU higher education development program in frame of project “Development of Society and Organisation Security Programmes 2017”, project number: NPHE-2017/10115 Project is implemented by following academic partners: Riga 2018 Organization and individual security Collective Monograph Edited by Ivita Kīsnica, Vice Dean of Law Faculty, Turība University, Latvia Contributors Kaci Bourdache, Senior Lecturer, Laurea University of Applied Sciences, Finland Raimundas Kalesnykas, PhD, Professor, Kazimieras Simonavičius University, Lithuania Vilnis Veinbergs, Lecturer, Head of Internal Security Department, Turība University, Latvia Scientific editor Ingrīda Veikša, Dr.iur., Professor, Head of Law Department, Turība University, Latvia Reviewers Anna Budnik, PhD, LL.M., Associate Professor, University of Białystok, Poland Jarmo Heinonen, PhD, LicSc, Principal Lecturer, Laurea University of Applied Sciences, Finland Dainis Mežulis, Dr.iur., Associate Professor, Baltic International Academy, Latvia Giedrius Nemeikšis, Dr.iur., Lecturer, Panevėžys University of Applied Sciences, Lithuania Dalia Prakapienė, PhD, Associate Professor, General Jonas Žemaitis Military Academy, Lithuania Sigita Šimbelyte, Dr.iur., Lecturer, Panevėžys University of Applied Sciences, Lithuania Jānis Teivāns-Treinovskis, Dr.iur., Professor, Daugavpils University, Latvia Vladas Tumalavicius, Dr.iur., Lecturer, General Jonas Žemaitis Military Academy, Lithuania ISBN 978-9934-543-18-0 © Turiba University, 2018, 568 p. E-mail: [email protected] Printed by Ltd “Drukātava” CONTENTS Contents Introduction...................................................................................................................... 5 Abstracts ............................................................................................................................. 7 Aspects of security in the historyof Latvia Guntis Zemītis .................................................................................................................. 39 The basics of security theory Leonīds Makans............................................................................................................... 63 Security concept in a global world Raimundas Kalesnykas ................................................................................................ 99 Guarding services Kaci Bourdache .............................................................................................................. 137 Relationship of risk and quality management Tuomas Wuorikoski .................................................................................................... 169 Public-private security partnership Raimundas Kalesnykas .............................................................................................. 177 The basic concepts and styles of leadership for security specialists Olena De Andres Gonzalez ........................................................................................ 217 Professional ethics Ivita Kīsnica .................................................................................................................... 233 Violent extremism and radicalisation Tuomas Tammilehto ................................................................................................... 251 EU integrated approach to respond conflicts and crisis Petteri Taitto, Kirsi Hyttinen ................................................................................... 275 Whistleblowing – growth of society Jānis Veinbergs, Vilnis Veinbergs........................................................................... 293 Crime prevention and investigation Ryšardas Burda ............................................................................................................. 333 3 CONTENTS Methods of studying security Harri Ruoslahti .............................................................................................................. 345 Security training standard as a tool for unification of professional competences and requirements for private security employees Raimundas Kalesnykas .............................................................................................. 361 Guidelines for security staff training and evaluation communication Stanislav Dadelo ............................................................................................................ 401 Structural security Ryšardas Burda ............................................................................................................. 421 Security of schengen borders Laura Tarkkanen .......................................................................................................... 435 Video surveillance systems Vilnis Veinbergs, Dainis Siliņš ................................................................................. 459 Fire safety systems Uģis Začs, Viktorija Ratačova ................................................................................... 479 Access control system Uģis Začs ........................................................................................................................... 495 Security guard management centre Uģis Začs, Dzintars Rendenieks .............................................................................. 511 Cybersecurity and resilience in a society Julia Nevmerzhitskaya, Jyri Rajamäki .................................................................. 523 Cybersecurity in an organization Jyri Rajamäki, Julia Nevmerzhitskaya .................................................................. 539 Cybersecurity: how to stay safe in the cyberspace Elina Radionova-Girsa ................................................................................................ 555 4 INTRODUCTION Introduction Nowadays the rapidly advancing technologies and the ongoing changes in the socioeconomic and political processes in societies have stipulated an increased attention to security issues. In its broadest sense, the notion of security affects each and every member of society. At the age when the majority of borders are open in the direct and indirect sense of the word, the possibilities of humans and technologies become increasingly limitless. However, these opportunities are often not directed positively, but are rather targeted at causing harm to others. In this case, we can talk about both: sensitive migration issues and acts of terror, as well as about human interrelationships in general. It is no secret that we feel at our best in an environment, which is comfortable to us. Thus, any larger or smaller disturbance creates a sense of alarm due to the feeling of threat to one’s own security as well as the desire to protect oneself. Security (being secure, protected against failures, fears, aggression) occupies a prominent second place in Abraham Maslow’s pyramid of the basic human needs, closely following such physiological needs as food, sleep, rest and others. Therefore, paying attention to even the tiniest potential threats is a priority for everyone and generating response taken at an individual level and organisational level. By starting already with the historical development of security throughout centuries and ending with cybersecurity, the book addresses issues related to individual security and the security of organisations. The articles provide an insight into the notion of security, its concepts in the global world, ethical issues of security, risk and quality management and leadership. They also address issues of physical guarding services, Schengen Area, fire safety, video 5 INTRODUCTION surveillance and others. A separate chapter is devoted to security training as well as crime prevention, whistleblowers and cybersecurity. The book has been developed as part of the “Development of Society and Organisation Security Programmes 2017” project (Project No. NPHE-2017/10115) and has brought together authors from three institutions of higher learning - Turiba University (Latvia), Kazimieras Simonavičius University (Lithuania) and Laurea University of Applied Sciences (Finland). It aims to clarify various issues related to the security of individuals and organisations and targets everyone interested in gaining insight into various security-related issues from the perspective of scientists and practitioners of Latvia, Lithuania and Finland. However, it should be noted that those interested in in-depth studies of security would require further reading, since the book does not aim at becoming a comprehensive source of information on all subjects, but rather provides an insight, raises general awareness and understanding of the issues and hopes to generate interest for further studies. Each article can be read as a separate issue. Ivita Kīsnica 6 ABSTRACTS ASPECTS OF SECURITY IN THE HISTORY OF LATVIA Guntis Zemītis This article describes the historical experience of Latvia in ensuring safety and security. The article starts with an examination of the prehistory period up to the late 12th century, during which time the territory of Latvia was inhabited by ethnic groups that later formed modern Latvians. The history of Latvia is part of the history of Europe and has been touched by the same processes as the rest of the Europe, but on the other hand the experience of Latvia is unique. Here the political power has changed many times and these changes have occurred not only in the result of military confrontation,